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Abstract Background Brown dog ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato) are vectors of pathogens adversely affecting the health of dogs in many regions of the world. The three-host life cycle of R. sanguineus s.l., with all stages feeding on dogs, can lead to an uncontrolled build-up of large tick populations if not controlled by acaricides. However, frequent tick control on dogs using acaricides has led to the emergence of resistance to permethrin and fipronil. Currently, the larval packet test (LPT) is the standard tick resistance test, which is laborious, requires laboratory facilities, and takes at least 6 weeks before larvae derived from engorged female ticks can be tested. Our novel approach is to expose semi-engorged adult ticks to acaricides immediately after removing them from dogs, obtaining results within 24 h. Methods Adult ticks from three laboratory colonies of R. sanguineus s.l. were tested in RaTexT®, a rapid tick exposure test in which ticks were confined to small compartments and exposed to an acaricide-impregnated, specially designed matrix. Resistance was confirmed by testing larvae derived from the same laboratory colonies using the LPT. RaTexT® was also used to determine the susceptibility of R. sanguineus acaricides in dog shelters. Results RaTexT® detected resistance to permethrin in adult R. sanguineus s.l. ticks from two Brazilian laboratory colonies compared to a susceptible laboratory strain originating in Greece. Resistance was confirmed by LPT testing of larvae from the same colonies with resistance factors between 2.2 and 3.1. All laboratory strains were susceptible to fipronil. A suspected case of fipronil resistance at a dog shelter in Caxias do Sul, Brazil, was resolved within 24 h by testing adult ticks in RaTexT® and could be attributed to improper treatment. Conclusions RaTexT® is a valuable tool for monitoring the development of resistance to synthetic pyrethroids or phenylpyrazoles in tick-infested dogs. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Background Acaricide resistance in cattle ticks is a significant concern in (sub)tropical regions, particularly Brazil. The Larval Packet Test (LPT) is the standard laboratory bioassay for resistance diagnosis, which requires triplicates of seven acaricidal dilutions plus controls to cover larval mortalities ranging between 0 and 100%. The value of the LPT lies in providing resistance ratios based on the ratio between the LC50 calculated with potentially resistant and susceptible ticks. However, LC50 ratios are difficult to translate into practical advice for farmers. Moreover, LPT requires laboratory facilities to maintain susceptible tick colonies, and it takes 6 weeks to obtain the larvae to be tested by LPT derived from engorged female ticks collected from cattle in the field. Our novel approach was twofold: first, we upgraded the LPT to the Resistance Intensity Test (RIT) by adopting the latest WHO guidelines for resistance detection in mosquitoes, which combines a 1 × recommended dose with 5 × and 10 × concentrated doses to reveal low, moderate and high resistance intensity, respectively. This reduced the number of test papers and tick larvae and, more importantly, provided relevant information on the resistance level. Our second innovative step was to abolish testing larvae entirely and expose partly engorged adult ticks to the same acaricidal doses immediately after removing them from cattle in the field. This resulted in the Rapid Tick exposure Test (RaTexT®), wherein partly engorged adult ticks were exposed to an acaricide-impregnated, specially designed matrix providing test results within 24 h. This approach directly compared resistance detection in tick larvae in the RIT with resistance in adult ticks in RaTexT®. Methods Laboratory validation was conducted in Brazil with resistant and susceptible colonies of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks. For field validation, adult R. microplus ticks collected from different cattle farms in Brazil were evaluated for resistance to RaTexT®, and the results regarding their larval progenies were compared with those for the RIT. Partly engorged adult ticks derived from cattle infested with laboratory and field strains of R. microplus were exposed to deltamethrin in RaTexT® containers, which contained six rows of four interconnected compartments, accommodating five to eight semi-engorged female ticks with a preferred size ranging between 5 and 8 mm. The corresponding larvae of each strain were exposed in the RIT to the same deltamethrin concentrations in filter papers. Results In RaTexT®, mortality in adult ticks from a resistant strain of R. microplus from Seropédica in Brazil was 38.4%, 54.2% and 75.0% at the 1 ×, 5 × and 10 × doses of deltamethrin, respectively. In RIT, mortality of larvae from the same resistant strain was 2.0%, 4.9% and 19.5% at 1 ×, 5 × and 10 × doses, respectively. The results of RaTexT® and RIT agreed since both tests identified a high level of resistance based on a cut-off of 90% mortality. In RaTexT®, mortality of adult ticks from a susceptible strain originating from Porto Alegre was 73.8%, 92.9% and 97.6% at the 1 ×, 5 × and 10 × doses, respectively. In RIT, mortality of larvae from the susceptible strain was 95.2%, 95.2% and 96.8% at the 1 ×, 5 × and 10 × doses, respectively. Interestingly, both tests identified a low number of unexpected resistant individuals in the susceptible strain since the mortality of neither larvae nor adults reached 100%. This effect remained unnoticed in the LPT, wherein a resistance ratio of 159.5 was found based on the LC50 of the resistant strain divided by the LC50 of the susceptible strain. Next, RaTexT® was compared with RIT using adult and larval ticks derived from three field strains of R. microplus in Brazil. RaTexT® detected high levels of resistance to deltamethrin in adult ticks in all strains, which was confirmed in larvae tested by the RIT. Both tests agreed on the same resistance level with significantly lower mortality rates in larvae than in adult ticks. Conclusions RaTexT® is a novel rapid pen-site test for detecting acaricide resistance in adult livestock ticks. It potentially replaces laborious tests using larval ticks and provides results within 24 h relevant to acaricide resistance management of livestock ticks. Graphical Abstract

Amblyomma sculptum (formerly Amblyomma cajennense) ticks have been implicated in the transmission of pathogens that cause diseases in animals and humans. Their wide geographic distribution and high impact on animal health and zoonotic disease transmission highlight the importance of studying and implementing effective control measures to mitigate the risks associated with this tick species. The aim of this study was to quantify and characterize the morphology and the ultrastructure of different types of hemocytes in the hemolymph in engorged A. sculptum females fed on rabbits. The hemolymph samples were collected by perforation of the cuticle in the dorsal region. Hemocyte types, sizes, and differential counts were determined using light microscopy, while ultrastructural analysis of hemocytes was performed using transmission electron microscopy. The average number of total hemocytes in the hemolymph was 1024 ± 597.6 cells µL−1. Five morphologically distinct cell types were identified in A. sculptum females: prohemocytes (6 % ± 8.8), plasmatocytes (10 % ± 7.7), granulocytes (78 % ± 12.2), spherulocytes (5 % ± 4.48), and oenocytoids (1 % ± 1.6). In general, prohemocytes were the smallest hemocytes. The ultrastructural morphology of A. sculptum hemocytes described in the present study agrees with the findings for other hard ticks. This is the first study to investigate ultrastructural characteristics of hemocytes of female A. sculptum ticks.

Abstract The objectives of this work were to investigate the occurrence of parasites in feces of cats, compare different coproparasitological techniques for their diagnosis and determine associations with parasitism. The samples were processed using three different coproparasitological techniques: centrifugal flotation in sucrose, centrifugal flotation in ZnSO4 and simple sedimentation. The parasitic association between parasitism and variables such as age, sex and fecal consistency was performed using the chi-square test or the G test with a significance level of 5%. A total of 237 samples were analyzed, of which 93 (39.2%) were positive, being Ancylostoma spp. (17.3%), Giardia intestinalis (12.2%), Platynosomum illiciens (8.0%), Cystoisospora spp. (6.3%), Toxoplasma gondii/ Hammondia hammondi (3.4%), Diphyllobothriidae (2.1%), Toxocara spp. (1.7%), Dipylidium caninum (1.3%) and Mesocestoides spp. (0.8%). In the parasitism association analysis, it was possible to verify a statistical difference in the age category for Cystoisospora spp. (p=0.001) observing a strong relationship between parasitism and young animals, the association with sex proved to be important for P. illiciens (p

Abstract Background Brazilian spotted fever (BSF), the most lethal tick-borne disease in the Western Hemisphere, is caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii and transmitted by the bite of Amblyomma sculptum. Capybaras are considered primary hosts of this tick and amplifier hosts of R. rickettsii, generating new infected lineages of A. sculptum in BSF-endemic areas. To define a possible treatment regimen for controlling the tick A. sculptum in capybaras, the aim of this study was to establish an effective fluazuron (FLU) dose to control A. sculptum larvae in artificially infested guinea pigs. Methods In Study I (pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis), 24 guinea pigs were divided into four equal groups: control group (CG; untreated) and treated groups receiving FLU administered by gavage in three doses: G1—1 mg/kg, G2—5 mg/kg and G3—10 mg/kg, once a day for 15 days (d0 to d + 14). Blood samples were collected from the animals of the treated groups before and at d + 1, + 2, + 4, + 7, + 15 and + 21. The guinea pigs were artificially infested at d + 7 with A. sculptum larvae, and specimens were recovered at d + 11 to d + 14 and kept in a climatized chamber for 14 days. In Study II (evaluation of pharmacokinetic parameters), one group of eight animals received FLU administered by gavage in a single dose of 10 mg/kg, and blood samples were collected before and on day 0 (8 h after treatment), + 1, + 4, + 7, + 15, + 21 and + 28 after single FLU administration. FLU was analyzed in plasma samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Results FLU plasma concentrations increased quickly, indicating rapid absorption, and decreased slowly. Some larvae from all treated groups exhibited morphological and behavioral changes. FLU interfered in molting, and the efficacy obtained was 100% for all treated groups. Conclusions The results offer promising perspectives for the development of a palatable feed cube containing FLU for free-living capybaras to control A. sculptum and also to prevent BSF in areas where capybaras have been shown to play a primary role.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the susceptibility of R. microplus larvae from different oviposition times to fipronil. The LPT was performed in sextuplicate, at concentrations of 18.75, 37.5, 75, 150 and 300 μg.mL-1. The LC50 found for the egg masses incubated with +7, +14 and +21 days were respectively 105.87, 110.71 and 121.22 μg.mL-1. The larvae originating from egg masses from the same group of engorged females, incubated on different days, presented similar mortality rates compared to the evaluated fipronil concentrations, facilitating the maintenance of laboratory colonies of this tick species.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro insecticidal activity of the essential oil (EO) of P. cablin against immature and adult stages of C. felis. The chemical composition of P. cablin EO was determined by gas chromatography (GC). To evaluate the insecticidal activity, the egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages of C. felis were exposed to different concentrations of P. cablin EO diluted in acetone and impregnated in filter paper in a concentration range of 25 to 200 μg.cm-2. After exposure, the material was incubated in climatized chambers and mortality assessment was performed after 24 h for the larval and adult stages, 72 h for the egg stage and 15 days for the pupal stage. After GC analysis, the major constituents of the EO of P. cablin were found to be patchoulol (27.4%), α-bulnesene (19.7%) and α-guayene (15.0%). The of mortality percentage was 100% at the concentration of 200 μg.cm-2 for all stages. The LCs50 values were 46.1, 49.2, 60.6 and 62.7 μg.cm-2, respectively for the pupal, egg, larva and adult stages. Based on the results obtained, we can conclude that the EO of P. cablin contained patchoulol, α-bulnesene, and α-guayene as major constituents and had insecticidal activity against the immature and adult stages of C. felis.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hemolymph of engorged females of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks exposed to the growth regulator fluazuron. Firstly, the engorged females were divided into two groups (control and treated) and these were subjected to an immersion test. Hemolymph was collected 24 and 48 hours after the immersion test, to evaluate the cellular and metabolic response. In comparison with the control group, the treated group had lower total hemocyte counts at both times, with lower granulocyte counts and higher spherulocyte counts. There were reductions in glucose and total protein values in both the control and the treated group at the 48-hour evaluation, compared with the 24-hour evaluation. There were no changes in activity levels of lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase enzymes in either group at both times. Fluazuron was not able to promote changes in the energy metabolism of the ticks under the conditions established for this study, but this growth regulator proved to be capable of promoting changes in hemocyte dynamics.

Abstract The objective of this study was to provide the first report of resistance of Haemonchus contortus to monepantel in sheep in Espírito Santo. The study was conducted in a property with history of monepantel use since 2014 and register of low efficacy in studies conducted over the past few years with fecal egg count reduction test. Lambs born on the property (males and females aged approximately 100 days) were selected and after eggs per gram of feces (EPG) analysis on fecal samples, these were divided into two groups: a group treated with monepantel (2.5 mg / Kg) and a control group without anthelmintic treatment. Seven days later, the animals were euthanized to recover parasites from the gastrointestinal tract. The efficacy of the treatment was 61.35% against H. contortus, thus proving that anthelmintic resistance to monepantel was present.

Doxycycline (DOX) is the antibiotic of choice for the treatment of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME), one of the main infectious diseases affecting dogs. Despite the therapeutic simplicity, the need for long-term use of DOX tablets (28 days) and gastrointestinal effects may pose problems. The aim of the study was to develop a DOX chewable tablet, evaluate its palatability and pharmacokinetic profile in comparison with a commercial formulation, Doxifin®, and evaluate the influence of co-administration with vitamin supplement on the bioavailability of doxycycline. The AUC0-t values found for DOX chewable tablets (13.85 ± 3.81 μg.h/mL) and Doxifin® (15.88 ± 4.38 μg.h/mL) did not differ significantly (p

O trabalho teve como objetivo detectar as alterações decorrentes do parasitismo por Strongylus vulgaris, nas artérias aorta, mesentérica cranial e ileocecocólica através de ultrassonografia em modo B. Observou-se grande número de animais com lesões arteriais, sendo a artéria ileocecocólica a que apresentou maiores alterações no exame ultrassonográfico. De 26 animais examinados, 18 apresentaram lesões arteriais causadas por S. vulgaris, detectados pela ultrassonografia modo B. Apenas um trombo foi identificado num animal, na artéria aorta abdominal. Na palpação retal desarmada, não foram identificados animais apresentando nódulos, espessamentos ou aumento no diâmetro vascular. A ultrassonografia demonstrouse método muito mais sensível do que à palpação no diagnóstico da arterite verminótica. O aumento do diâ- metro da artéria mesentérica cranial acompanhado de espessamento da parede, no grupo com alteração ultrassonográfica (C/A), indica arterite verminótica. A ultrassonografia modo B é capaz de evidenciar dilatação da artéria ileocecocólica (pequenos aneurismas), espessamento e mineralização na parede arterial.

Abstract Currently, albendazole is one of the most commonly used drugs because of its affordability. The objective was to evaluate the histopathology of Fasciola hepatica specimens. For this, the efficacy test was performed on sheep treated with albendazole at the dose recommended for F. hepatica, in which the helminths recovered at necropsy were counted and separated for histology. Spermatogenic cells from parasites recovered from treated and control sheep were examined by microscopy. The fecal egg-count reduction test revealed 97.06% efficacy of albendazole in the treatment of F. hepatica. Changes in testicular tubule cells started 48 hours after treatment and became evident within 72 hours, at which point it became difficult to identify cell types. Primary and secondary spermatogonia became increasingly rare and intercellular vacuolization was more evident. Signs of apoptosis, with pycnotic nuclei and evidence of keriorrexia were observed at all times. Cell debris was identified 96 hours after treatment. The results indicated that parasitic spermatogenesis was severely affected by albendazole and demonstrated the importance of the use of histopathology for the diagnosis of therapeutic efficacy in field strains.

Demodicose é uma dermatose parasitária considerada incomum no gato doméstico. Este estudo tem como objetivo relatar o primeiro sucesso terapêutico do sarolaner por via oral no tratamento de Demodex spp. em um gato naturalmente infestado no Brasil. Um gato adulto, positivo para o vírus da leucemia felina e em tratamento com glicocorticóides, apresentava sinais clínicos da pele como prurido intenso, hiperceratose, lignificação, fragilidade da pele e alopecia simétrica. O diagnóstico foi confirmado em arranhões na pele, impressão em tiras de acetato e exame coproparasitológico. Após o diagnóstico, o sarolaner foi administrado por via oral (4mg / kg). A avaliação foi realizada com arranhões na pele 24, 48 horas e 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após o tratamento. Após 21 dias, nenhum ácaro foi observado e houve uma melhora na fragilidade da pele e na repilação parcial. Com base nos resultados deste estudo, pode-se concluir que o sarolaner foi eficaz no tratamento da sarna demodécica felina.

Abstract Platynosomum illiciens is a liver trematode encountered infecting mainly felids although it has also been reported in birds and in additional mammalian species, including non-human primates. The current study reports a natural P. illiciens infection primate of the genus Callithrix. The diagnosis was made using a combination of copro-parasitological techniques, morphological evaluation of adult specimens recovered from the liver during necropsy, and molecular analyses. Eggs were brown in color, oval, operculated, and contained a miracidium. Adult specimens recovered during necropsy were measured and showed dimensions compatible with P. illiciens. Molecular characterization of the trematode involved amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in combination with nucleotide sequencing, of an approximately 900 base pairs fragment corresponding to 18S-ITS1-5.8S ribosomal DNA. Sequenced amplicons showed 100% nucleotide identity with sequences deposited in the GenBank database as derived from specimens of P. illiciens recovered from cats in Malaysia and Brazil. It was concluded that the morphological and molecular analyses presented herein, confirmed the identification of the trematode recovered as P. illiciens.

Plant extracts and essential oils have been showing potential for use as acaricides. Rhipicephalus sanguineus, the brown tick, mainly parasitizes dogs and is responsible for pathogens transmission. The insecticidal and acaricidal activity of the essential oil (EO) of Syzygium aromaticum and eugenol have already been reported, however the activity against R. sanguineus is lacked. To evaluate the acaricidal activity of S. aromaticum EO and eugenol against larvae of R. sanguineus, in vitro assays were performed using the larval immersion test. Bioassays were performed in duplicate, within the concentration range of 0.078 to 40 mg.mL-1. Mortality assessment was performed after 24 hours. Mortality above 90% was achieved through using the EO and eugenol at concentrations greater than 5 and 10 mg.mL-1, respectively. The LC50 values of 1.4 and 3.3 mg.mL-1 for eugenol and S. aromaticum EO, respectively, while the LC90 values found for eugenol and S. aromaticum EO were, respectively, 6.4 and 6.7 mg.mL-1 were calculated. These compounds present activity against R. sanguineus larvae and demonstrate potential for use as acaricides.

A babesiose canina é, no mundo inteiro, uma das mais importantes doenças transmitidas por carrapatos. Ela é uma doença endêmica no Brasil e sua presença tem sido detectada em várias localidades. As alterações hematológicas mais comumente encontradas em cães com babesiose são anemia e trombocitopenia. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a prevalência de piroplasmas e as alterações hematológicas encontradas em cães, da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, que foram atendidos no setor de Pequenos Animais do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) através da amplificação do gene 18S rRNA pela Reação em Cadeia de Polimerase (PCR) e caracterização genética através do sequenciamento. Foram utilizadas, aleatoriamente, 250 amostras de sangue de cães. Do total de amostras, nove (3,6%) foram positivas para Babesia spp. pela PCR para piroplasmas. As amostras positivas foram sequenciadas e identificadas como Babesia vogeli. As alterações hematológicas predominantes nos animais positvos na PCR foram anemia em seis (66,7%) e trombocitopenia em oito (89%) cães. Conclui-se que Babesia vogeli é o piroplasma que mais acomete cães naquela região, podendo causar alterações como anemia e trombocitopenia nos animais acometidos.

Intussuscepção é o prolapso de um segmento intestinal no lúmen da alça intestinal adjacente. Embora frequentemente idiopático, um dos fatores predisponentes inclui parasitismo intestinal. O objetivo deste relato foi descrever o caso incomum de intussuscepção ileo-ileal em um gato filhote co-parasitado por Cystoisospora felis e Giardia intestinalis. Um gato, de três meses de idade, sem raça definida, foi atendido com episódios de vômitos intermitentes, prostração, emagrecimento progressivo, desconforto abdominal e diarreia com dois dias de duração. A presença de numerosos cistos de G. intestinalis. e oocistos de C. felis foram detectados nas fezes. O protocolo terapêutico não obteve resposta desejada, o paciente evoluiu para um quadro de choque hipovolêmico e foi à óbito. Durante o atendimento emergencial, foi possível detectar uma massa abdominal palpável de formato cilíndrico na região caudal do abdômen. Na necropsia, foi observado um quadro de ileítefibrino purulenta e necrosante secundária a intussuscepção. O hiperperistaltismo intestinal associado ao intenso parasitismo por esses protozoários sugere a participação desses parasitos na gênese da afecção. O diagnóstico precoce dessas parasitoses é de suma importância tanto para melhorar a qualidade de vida do paciente, quanto para obter um bom prognóstico nesses casos de intussuscepção decorrente de distúrbios intestinais provocados pelo parasitismo.

Abstract Zoonoses are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Among them, Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF) is an important one that occurs in some regions of South America and can be transmitted by the “star tick” Amblyomma sculptum. Application of acaricides against the larval stage is important as strategy of population control. However, there is still a deficiency of studies on chemical control of A. sculptum and the present work aims to evaluate the in vitro acaricidal activity of cypermethrin, flumethrin, deltamethrin, fipronil, coumaphos and chlorpyrifos against A. sculptum larvae. Bioassays were performed using the larval immersion test method. A discriminatory analysis between the antiparasitic classes most used for tick control was carried out, which made it possible to determine the classes with higher potential for controlling A. sculptum larvae. Our results showed that A. sculptum larvae present highest sensitivity to the synthetic pyrethroid group, followed by the phenylpyrazole, organophosphate and macrocyclic lactone groups. These findings may support studies on improvement of tick control as in animals as in the environment.

The aim of this study was to report the efficacy of nitempiram against Cochiliomiyia hominivorax larvae in ocular myiasis in a naturally infested dog. A female Beagle dog with occular miyasis was attended. After care and clinical examination, was found involvement of the entire ocular and periocular region. The animal was treated with nitenpyram, with a dose of 4,7 mg/kg, orally, jointly with analgesic medication. The expulsion and fall of live and dead larvae were evaluated, which were quantified every 15 minutes in the first hour and thereafter at 2, 3, 4, 6, 18 hours after treatment and subsequent manual removal of the larvae. Overall effectiveness was calculated, the larval expulsion rate and the larvicidal effect of nitenpyram. In full there were 140 larvae in the lesion, from which 90 live larvae were expelled, 46 dead larvae and 4 dead larvae mechanically removed, presenting 100% overall effectiveness, with larval expulsion activity of 97.1% and larvicidal efficacy of 35.7%. Based on the results obtained in this case, it can be concluded that nitenpyram has a fast-acting and safe action under C. hominivorax larvae, proving be a pleasant alternative therapeutic alternative for the elimination of myiasis in orbital cavity of dogs.

Haematobia irritans é uma mosca de grande importância na pecuária bovina. É responsável por causar estresse crônico ao rebanho causando desconforto e levando a redução da produção de carne e leite e depreciação do couro. Também são responsáveis por transmitir vírus, bactéria e facilitar ao desenvolvimento de míiases. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de um produto ectoparasiticida contendo a associação de cipermetrina, clorpirifós, butóxido de pireronila e fluazuron na formulação “pour on” no controle da mosca H. irritans em bovinos naturalmente infestados. Foram utilizados 30 bovinos, mestiços, sem distinção de sexo ou idade. Todos os animais incluídos no estudo apresentaram pelo menos 50 moscas adultas de H. irritans de ocorrência natural. Os animais do grupo tratado foram medicados com a associação de cipermetrina (5mg/kg), clorpirifós (7mg/kg), butóxido de pireronila (5mg/kg) e fluazuron (2,5mg/kg), na dose de 1ml para cada 10 quilos de peso vivo, pela via tópica (“pour on”) em dose única. A eficácia mosquicida foi avaliada um, três, sete, 14 e 21 dias após o tratamento, a partir da contagem de moscas adultas sobre os animais dos dois os grupos. A eficácia da associação testada neste estudo foi de 98,65%; 96,69%; 92,01%; 87,79% e 76,43% nos dias +1, +3, +7, +14 e +21 respectivamente. A associação de cipermetrina, clorpirifós, butóxido de piperonila e fluazuron na formulação “pour on” é eficaz no controle de H. irritans em bovinos naturalmente infestados.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia carrapaticida e preventiva da associação de abamectina 0.6% com fluazuron 3.0% em bovinos artificialmente infestados. Foram selecionados 12 bovinos, mantidos estabulados, mestiços das raças Gir x Holandês, machos, compondo seis animais por grupo. Os animais do grupo controle não receberam nenhum tipo de tratamento, enquanto que os animais do grupo tratado receberam a formulação da associação na dose única de 600 mcg de abamectina com 3 mg de fluazuron por quilo de peso corporal, por meio de via “pour-on”. As infestações, dos grupos controle e tratado, foram realizadas com 2.500 larvas de Rhipicephalus microplus, nos dias -23, -21, -19, -17, -15, -13, -11, -9, -7, -5, -3, -2, -1 e a coleta de teleóginas foi realizada diariamente, dos dias -3 ao +91. Para a avaliação da eficácia preventiva, as infestações prosseguiram nos dias +7, +14, +21,+28, +35, +42, +49, +56, +63, +70 e a coleta de teleóginas seguiu diariamente até o dia +94. A eficácia contra a reinfestação foi calculada nos dias +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, +42 +49, +56, +63 e +70. A análise estatística entre as médias de teleóginas recuperadas entre os grupos controle e tratado demonstrou que ocorreu diferença significativa (p≤0,05) para todas as tomadas de tempo posteriores ao tratamento. O produto em teste apresentou resultados de eficácia carrapaticida de 0,00%; 6,81%; 62,64%; 85,11%; 98,38%; 97,38%; 96,84%; 97,63%; 98,14%; 97,32%; 97,54%; 98,11%; 99,22%; 97,93%; 98,13%; 96,78%; 96,17%; 99,05%; 98,57%; 98,59%; 97,23%; 96,10%; 99,31% respectivamente para os dias experimentais +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8, +9, +10, +11, +12, +13, +14, +15, +16, +17, +18, +19, +20, +21, +22, +23 para o grupo tratado. A média da eficácia ao longo dos 23 dias após o tratamento foi de 97,8%. O resultado da eficácia preventiva foi de 98,12%; 98,68%; 98,36%; 97,88%; 96,76%; 96,45%; 96,84%; 97,03%; 95,36% e 87,07% respectivamente para os dias experimentais +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, +42, +49, +56, +63, +70. A associação de abamectina 0.6% com fluazuron 3.0% foi eficaz na prevenção contra a reinfestação por larvas de R. microplus por até 60 dias pós-tratamento

Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia carrapaticida e pulicida de uma formulação “spot on” contendo a associação de fipronil 6,01% + permetrina 44,88%, no controle de Rhipicephalus sanguineus e Ctenocephalides felis felis em cães artificialmente infestados. Foram utilizados 12 cães da raça beagle, de ambos os sexos, com idade de dois a cinco anos, divididos em dois grupos: controle e tratado. Os cães foram infestados com 100 exemplares de C. felis felis e 50 exemplares de R. sanguineus. As infestações foram realizadas nos dias, -2, +5, +12, +19, +26, +33 para carrapato e com pulgas nos dias, -2+5, +12, +19, +26, +33, +40, +47+54. A avaliação da eficácia carrapaticida ocorreu nos dias +2, +7, +14, +21, +28, +35. A avaliação da eficácia pulicida seguiram nos dias +2, +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, +42, +49, +56 para pulgas. A eficácia carrapaticida foi de: 100%; 96,91%; 92,86%; 91,10%; 54,91% e 51,95% para os dias +2, +7, +14, +21, +28 e +35 respectivamente, enquanto a eficácia pulicida foi de 100% até o dia +28 e de 97,44% para do dia +35, 97,41% para o dia +42, 82,87% para o dia +49 e 75,00% para o dia +56. Com base nos resultados obtidos neste estudo é possível concluir que a associação de fipronil 6,01% e permetrina 44,88% foi eficaz para o controle de C. felis felis e R. sanguineus em cães artificialmente infestados.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de uma formulação pur-on contendo a associação de cipermetrina (5%), clorpirifós (7%), butóxido de pireronila (5%) e fluazuron (2,5%) no controle da mosca D. hominis em bovinos naturalmente infestados. Foram utilizados 20 bovinos, mestiços, infestados naturalmente por D. hominis. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos, controle (não tratado) e medicado, contendo 10 bovinos em cada, com base nas contagens de larvas vivas antes do tratamento. Os animais do grupo tratado foram medicados com a associação de cipermetrina (5mg/kg), clorpirifós (7mg/kg), butóxido de pireronila (5mg/kg) e fluazuron (2,5mg/kg), na dose de 1ml para cada 10 quilos de peso vivo, pela via tópica (“pour on”) em dose única. O número médio de larvas vivas no grupo controle foi 24,4±8,11, 23,2±6,49, 25,9±8,97 e no grupo tratado 24,7±8,34, 1,1±1,04 e 0,7±0,78 nos dias zero, sete e 14 dias após o tratamento. A eficácia bernicida foi avaliada sete e 14 dias após o tratamento, a partir da contagem dos nódulos contendo larvas vivas nos animais dos dois. A eficácia da associação testada neste estudo foi de 95,26% e 97,30% nos dias sete e 14 respectivamente. A associação de cipermetrina, clorpirifós, butóxido de pireronila e fluazuron na formulação “pour on” é eficaz no controle de D. hominis em bovinos naturalmente infestados.

Otodectes cynotis is a mite with a cosmopolitan distribution that is the primary agent for the development of otitis externa in feline species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the oral administration of sarolaner for the treatment of feline otodectic mange. We used 20 adult cats of both sexes that were naturally infested with O. cynotis. The mite infestation scoring was performed by video-otoscopy before treatment. The cats were randomized according to the infestation score and divided into two groups (treated and control). The treated group underwent oral administration of sarolaner in a single dose of 2–4 mg/kg. The evaluations were performed by video-otoscopy to evaluate the reduction of infestation score 2, 4, 6, 24 and 48 h and 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after medication. At the end of the study, the cats were sedated to enable the recovery of live and dead mites to determine efficacy. No adverse effects or laboratory changes were observed in these cats. Sarolaner showed 100% efficacy 48 h after treatment. Based on the results, a single oral dose of sarolaner was effective in controlling otodectic mange in naturally infested cats.

ABSTRACT. Silva R.C.C., Campos D. R., Oliveira P., Laguna A.G.V., Magalhães V.S., Cid Y.P., Almeida M.B., Scott F.B. & Fernandes J.I. [Efficacy of Chitosan gel mucoadhesive containing Doxycycline associated or not to Meloxicam as adjuvant to treatment of gingivitis in dogs with periodontal disease.] Eficácia de um gel de Quitosano Mucoadesivo contendo Doxiciclina associada ou não ao Meloxicam como coadjuvante ao tratamento da gengivite em cães portadores de doença periodontal. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 38(Supl.2):40-44, 2016. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23897-000, Brasil. E-mail: vetjulio@yahoo.com.br Periodontal disease is the highest occurrence condition in the pet clinic, affecting mainly older animals because of its characteristic of chronicity. Among the clinical signs observed in afflicted animals, gingivitis is the first to be observed. The goal of this study was to develop a mucoadhesive gel, containing doxycycline and meloxicam, and evaluate its efficacy as an adjuvant in the treatment of gingivitis induced by periodontal disease, with a clinical and histopathological rating. Eighteen Beagle dogs presenting gingivitis secondary to periodontal disease were divided into three experimental groups. Group I – animals treated with placebo formulation. Group II – Animals treated with a chitosan gel formulation containing doxycycline. Group III - Animals treated with a chitosan gel formulation containing doxycycline and meloxicam. All animals were treated for seven days, every twelve hours, in the gingival margin of the right maxilla. During the clinic evaluation, only the animals treated with the product containing doxycycline had improved. Contrasting, in the histopathologic evaluation, only animals treated with association of doxycycline and meloxicam presented improvements in their clinical score, although no statistic significance was observed between the groups. The developed formulations were not effective as adjuvants in the treatment of gingivitis induced by periodontal disease treatment.

Abstract Aiming to characterize the potential off-target effects of fluazuron on ticks, biochemical analyses were conducted to evaluate changes in the carbohydrate metabolism of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks after exposure to fluazuron. Hemolymph and fat body were collected from female ticks before and after (4, 8 and 15 days) exposure to fluazuron. Spectrophotometric analyses were done to quantify glucose concentration and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the hemolymph and the concentration of glycogen in the tick’s fat body. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was employed to determine the concentration of carboxylic acids in the hemolymph and to evaluate changes in intermediary metabolic processes requiring oxygen consumption. Increases in the levels of LDH activity and lactic acid concentration indicated that fluazuron enhanced fermentative metabolism in ticks. Exposure to fluazuron was also found to increase glucose concentrations in the hemolymph over time, although no significant differences were noted daily. In addition to expanding the body of knowledge about the mode of action of fluazuron, investigations into these mechanisms may also be useful in discovering new and as yet unexplored secondary effects.

ABSTRACT. Coelho C.N., Correia T.R., Oliveira G.F., Coumendouros K., Taveira M.M., Calado S.B., Avelar B.R., Nascimento C.G. & Scott F.B. [Abamectin with fluazuron association in control of ticks Rhipicephalus microplus in naturally infested cattle.] Associação de abamectina com fluazuron no controle do carrapato Rhipicephalus microplus em bovinos naturalmente infestados. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 37(Supl.1):51-54, 2015. Curso de PósGraduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Anexo 1, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Seropédica, Ecologia, BR 465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23897-970, Brasil. E-mail: scott.fabio@gmail.com The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of association abamectin 0.6% and fluazuron 3.0% in control of Rhipicephalus microplus in naturally infected cattle. Were selected 20 calves that were kept in paddocks, crossbreeds Gir x Dutch, distributed in the same proportion, male and female, per experimental group, composing ten animals per group. The control group animals received no treatment, while animals in the medicated group received the formulation within the association in a single dose of 600mcg of abamectin and 3 mg of fluazuron per kg of body weight by route “pour-on”. In the days +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, +42, +49, +56, +63, +70, +77, +84, +91 were performed the counting of total number of engorged females in each animal for purposes of the evaluation of acaricide effectiveness. Statistical analysis between the average engorged females recovered between the groups control and treated showed that there was a significant difference (p = 0.05) for all subsequent time taken to treatment. The test product showed acaricide effectiveness results of 96.30% for 7 days; 96.90% for day +14; 95.98% for day +21; 96.83% for 28 days; 98.32% for 35 days; 96.12% for the day 42; 96.15% for the day +49; 98.8% for 56 days; 97.18% for 63 days, 99.12% for 70 days; 97.18% for day +77; 98.04% for the day +84 and 77.50% for the day +91. The association abamectin 0.6% with fluazuron 3.0% was effective at controlling R. microplus in cattle naturally infected for up to 63 days.

ABSTRACT. Coelho C.N., Oliveira G.F., Coumendouros K., Moraes P.A., Medeiros M.T., Borges D.A., Nascimento C.G. do, Correia T.R. & Scott F.B. [Anthelmintic efficacy of abamectin with fluazuron association in control of the gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle.] Eficácia anti-helmíntica da associação de abamectina com fluazuron no controle dos principais nematoides gastrintestinais de bovinos. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 37(Supl.1):100-105, 2015. Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Anexo 1, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Seropédica, Ecologia, BR 465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23897-970, Brasil. E-mail: scott.fabio@gmail.com The aim of the study was to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of 0.6% abamectin associated with 3.0% fluazuron used respectively at doses of 600mcg and 3mg/kg of body weight by “pour-on” route in cattle, for the control of gastrintestinais nematodes Haemonchus placei, Cooperia punctata, Cooperia pectinata, Oesophagostomum radiatum and Trichostrongylus axei. To this end, two studies were conducted, a controlled one with euthanasia and necropsy, the other one evaluating the decrease of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) at the field level. For anthelmintic efficacy of the controlled study, the test product showed anthelmintic efficacy results of 92.59% for H. placei; 97.62% for T. axei; 87.82% for C. punctata; 86.96% for C. pectinata and 96% for O. radiatum. In the test conducted at a field level (EPG), the product has experienced an 92.17% efficacy results for the day +7; 89.32% for the day +14; 87.38% for day +21. The combination of abamectin and fluazuron was effective in the control of artificial infection by H. placei, O. radiatum, T. axei; and moderately effective in controlling artificial infections C. pectinata and C. punctata. The product test also showed a reduction of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) in cattle naturally infected.

ABSTRACT. Coelho C.N., Correia T.R., Oliveira G.F., Coumendouros K., Santos R.R., Medeiros M.T., Avelar B.R., Nascimento C.G. & Scott F.B. [Abamectin with fluazuron association in control of Dermatobia hominis in naturally infested cattle.] Associação de abamectina com fluazuron no controle de Dermatobia hominis em bovinos naturalmente infestados. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 37(Supl.1):91-94, 2015. Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Anexo 1, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Seropédica, Ecologia, BR 465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23897-970, Brasil. E-mail: scott.fabio@gmail.com The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of abamectin association 0.6% with fluazuron 3.0% in control of Dermatobia hominis in naturally infected cattle. There were selected 20 calves, crossbred Gir and Dutch breeds and male, also divided into two groups. Animals of the control group received no treatment, while the treated animals were given the formulation in the volume of 1ml / 10kg per body weight, being administered pour-on which correspond the dose of 600mcg of abamectin and 3mg fluazuron. On days +7 and +14 a count of the total number of live larvae of D. hominis on both sides of the animal for the purpose of evaluation of the effectiveness was performed. Statistical analysis of the means of living larvae of D. hominis counted among the groups, control and treated, showed that there was a significant difference (p = 0.05) between groups on days +7 and +14. The product showed an efficacy test results 90.70% and 96.84% respectively for the experimental days. Abamectin 0.6% association with 3% fluazuron was effective in controlling D. hominis in naturally infected cattle.

ABSTRACT. Nascimento C.G., Correia T.R., Oliveira G.F., Coumendouros K., Moraes P.A., Calado S.B., Bragaglia G.N., Rosa S.C., Toma S.B. & Scott F.B. [Eprinomectin 1% Inyectable in control of Dermatobia hominis in naturally infested cattle.] Eprinomectina 1%Injetável no controle de Dermatobia hominis em bovinos naturalmente infestados. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 37(Supl.1):81-84, 2015. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Tecnologia e Inovação em Agropecuária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Seropédica, Ecologia, BR 465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23897-970, Brasil. E-mail: scott.fabio@gmail.com The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of injectable eprinomectin 1% on the control of Dermatobia hominis in naturally infested cattle. We selected 20 calves, crossbred Gir and Holstein breed, male and female, separated into two groups, control and treated. The control group of animals received no treatment, while the animals of the treated group received eprinomectin formulation of 1% at a single dose of 1 mL/50 kg body weight (200mcg of eprinomectin/kg) per injectable route. On days +7 and +14 a count of the total number of live larvae of D. hominis on both sides of the animal for the purpose of evaluation of the effectiveness was performed. Statistical analysis of average living larvae of D. hominis counted among the groups, control and treated, showed that there was a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between groups on days +7 and +14. The investigational product showed an efficacy of 100% results in both experimental days. The injectable eprinomectin 1%, shown to be effective in cattle naturally infested by D. hominis (the human bot fly).

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar através de teste in vivo, a eficácia e o período residual de proteção do fipronil 10% "top spot" em cães infestados com diferentes cargas parasitárias de Ctenocephalides felis felis. Foram utilizados 24 cães da raça Beagle, compondo seis animais por grupo. Os cães foram divididos em quatro grupos. Os cães dos grupos controles I e II não receberam tratamento, enquanto que os cães dos grupos tratados I e II receberam tratamento com formulação de fipronil 10% "top spot". Os cães dos grupos controle I e tratado I foram infestados com 100 pulgas adultas não alimentadas, e os cães dos grupos controle II e tratado II foram infestados com 300 pulgas adultas não alimentadas. As infestações foram realizadas nos dias, -2, +5, +12, +19, +26, +33 e +40 e nos dias +2, +7, +14, +21, +28, +35 e +42 foi realizada retirada mecânica e contagem de pulgas para avaliação. As eficácias pulguicidas, para o grupo tratado I, nos dias +2, +7, +14, +21, +28, +35 e +42, foram respectivamente 99,36%; 99,73%; 99,48%; 99,74%; 99,75%; 95,06% e 67,62%. As eficácias pulguicidas, para o grupo tratado II, avaliadas nos mesmos dias, foram respectivamente 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 99,91%; 95,60% e 68,55%. O fipronil mostrou-se eficaz na eliminação das pulgas em cães até o dia +35. A análise estatística comparativa entre as médias de pulgas vivas, entre os grupos controle I e tratado I, demonstrou que ocorreu diferença significativa (p≤0,05) para os desafios em todos os dias experimentais, após o tratamento. Os grupos controle II e tratado II também apresentaram diferença significativa (p≤0,05) para os desafios em todos os dias experimentais, após o tratamento. A análise estatística entre os grupos tratados I e II demonstrou que não ocorreu diferença significativa (p≥0,05) para os desafios em todos os dias experimentais. O desafio foi encerrado no dia +42 já que a eficácia do fipronil nos grupos tratados I e II foram inferiores 70%. O produto em teste mostrou-se eficaz na eliminação das pulgas em cães até o dia + 35, não apresentando mais efeito residual de proteção quando os animais foram reinfestados. Não houve diferença significativa nos níveis de eficácia entre os grupos infestados com 100 e 300 exemplares adultos de C. felis felis ao longo do período experimental.

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a eficácia da flumetrina 1% tópica no tratamento de infestações por Otodectes cynotis em cães. Foram utilizados 20 cães Beagles com infestação natural diagnosticada através de otoscopia e análise do cerume, com posterior identificação dos ácaros por microscopia (X100). Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos contendo 10 animais cada. O Grupo 1 permaneceu sem tratamento (grupo controle). Já os animais do grupo 2 foram tratados com 1mg/kg de flumetrina a 1% em dose única, fracionada em aplicações pour on e diretamente na orelha externa. Os cães foram avaliados diariamente para observação de possíveis efeitos colaterais. Para avaliar a eficácia, foram realizadas otoscopias nos dias +3, +7, +14, +21 e +28. O grupo controle apresentou ácaros durante todo o período de observação. Já o grupo tratado, apresentou eficácia do piretróide de: 70%, 70%, 80%, 100% e 100% para os dias +3, +7, +14, + 21 e +28, respectivamente. Não foram observadas reações adversas nos animais tratados. A flumetrina foi eficaz no tratamento da otoacaríase em cães naturalmente infestados.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a eficácia imediata e residual de diferentes volumes de uma formulação pour-on de fipronil no controle de Ctenocephalides felis felis e Rhipicephalus sanguineus em cães, mantendo-se no entanto, a dose preconizada do princípio ativo. Para isso, foram utilizados 24 cães divididos em quatro grupos: controle, o qual permaneceu sem tratamento, e os grupos tratados A, B e C, medicados com soluções pour-on contendo 10,7%, 5,3% e 1,8% de fipronil, respectivamente. O volume de solução aplicado sobre os cães dos grupos A, B e C foi respectivamente 1,34mL, 2,68mL e 5,36mL, de modo que todos recebessem doses equivalentes do fenilpirazol. Cada cão foi infestado dois dias antes do tratamento e semanalmente após o mesmo com 100 exemplares adultos não-alimentados de C. felis felis e 50 adultos não-alimentados de R. sanguineus, mantendo-se, para ambos, igual proporção entre os sexos. A avaliação de eficácia imediata ocorreu dois dias após o tratamento e as avaliações de eficácia residual foram realizadas semanalmente, sempre 48 horas após as infestações. Para tal, procedeu-se a retirada e contagem das pulgas e carrapatos, por catação manual e/ou método “comb-test” e os cálculos de eficácia efetuados pela da fórmula de Abbott. O volume de 5,36mL da solução de fipronil proporcionou aos cães proteção superior a 90% contra reinfestação por R. sanguineus por 28 dias, sendo superior aos volumes de 1,34mL e 2,68mL, os quais foram eficazes por um período de 21 dias. Eficácia residual acima de 95% contra C. felis felis foi obtida por até 35 dias pelos três volumes testados. Apesar das eficácias pulguicidas inferiores a 95% obtidas no quadragésimo segundo dia após o tratamento, os volumes de 2,68mL e 5,36mL apresentaram-se superiores ao volume de 1,34mL. Conclui-se, portanto, que o aumento do volume aplicado de solução pour-on de fipronil em cães, mantendo-se a dose preconizada do princípio ativo, elevou significativamente sua eficácia residual contra C. felis felis e R. sanguineus.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do piriprol no controle de Psoroptes ovis e Leporacarus gibbus em coelhos naturalmente infestados. Foram utilizados 12 coelhos (seis machos e seis fêmeas), adultos, com peso médio de três quilos. Seis animais foram medicados com um produto a base de piriprol na dose de 12,5mg/kg, recebendo cada um 0,1 mL no dorso e 0,1mL em cada conduto auditivo. Outros seis coelhos não foram medicados, receberam solução fisiológica na mesma proporção, sendo mantidos como grupo controle. Os animais foram avaliados nos dias 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 pós-tratamento quanto à presença de P. ovis vivos no cerúmen e quanto à presença de L. gibbus em cinco áreas distintas do corpo (pescoço, região lombar direita e esquerda, base da cauda e região inguinal). Também foi avaliado o grau de lesão nas orelhas provocada por P. ovis, antes e após o tratamento nesses mesmos dias experimentais. O produto a base de piriprol foi 100% eficaz no controle das duas espécies de ácaros e foi responsável pela remissão das lesões de sarna psoróptica nos animais tratados. Não foram observadas reações adversas em nenhum animal que recebeu o tratamento tornando-se uma ferramenta no controle desses ectoparasitas.

The activity of the insecticide thiamethoxam on populationsof Musca domestica was assessed through in vitro tests, controlledenvironment and field conditions. The flies were gathered from a colony maintained by the Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, and from the landfill of the city of Seropédica-RJ, Brazil. Regarding the in vitro assay, thiamethoxan was previously diluted in acetone, resulting in concentrations of 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25, 27, 5 and 30 mg/ml. Then, filter paper discs were impregnated with 1 ml of each of these dilutions. Thus, the test was conducted with adult flies maintained in Petri dishes. For the controlled environment and field conditions, trial baits were used with the active or a placebo (control group). The lethal concentration 50 (LC50) of thiamethoxam on M. domestica found in the in vitro assay was 0.2612 mg / cm ². The efficacy of thiamethoxan baits on the controlled environment and field conditionstrials was 94.06 % and 98.09 %, respectively.

No presente trabalho, foram avaliadas, comparativamente, duas formulações comerciais tópicas, contendo 10% de fipronil, para o controle da pulga Ctenocephalides felis felis em gatos. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Quimioterapia Experimental em Parasitologia Veterinária do Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Foram empregados 18 gatos, sem raça definida, divididos em três grupos de seis. Um grupo permaneceu sem tratamento (controle), e os demais foram medicados com uma formulação referência do mercado veterinário ou com uma nova formulação em teste. Os animais tratados receberam 0,5 mL do produto ao longo da região dorso-cervical e foram infestados nos dias - 2, +5, +12, +19, +26 e +33. A primeira avaliação foi realizada quatro dias após a primeira infestação e, as demais, 48 horas após cada infestação, por meio do comb test. Ambas as formulações testadas foram eficazes até o dia +35 após o tratamento, não havendo diferenças entre seus níveis de eficácia ao longo do período experimental. A nova formulação, contendo fipronil a 10%, apresentou a eficácia desejada no controle de C. f. felis em gatos.The goal of the present study was to evaluate the comparative efficacy of two topical formulations containing 10% fipronil on the control of Ctenocephalides felis felis on cats. The trial was performed at the Laboratory of Experimental Chemotherapy in Veterinary Parasitology from the Department of Animal Parasitology of the Institute of Veterinary of the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Eighteen mixed-breed cats were divided in three groups of six animals each. One group remained without treatment (control). The other groups received as treatment the two topical formulations, a commercial reference and the novel one, both containing 10% fipronil. Treated animals received 0.5 mL of product along their cervical region. Cats were infested on days - 2, +5, +12, +19, +26 and +33. Evaluations were made using the "comb test". The first one was undertaken 4 days after the initial infestation (day +2), and others 48 hours after following infestations (days +7, +14, +21, +28 and + 35). Both tested formulations had satisfactory efficacy until day + 35. No differences were observed comparing the efficacy levels between both formulations troughout the experimental period. The novel topical 10% fipronil formulation presented desirable efficacy on the control of C. f. felis on cats.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a influência de dietas merídicas compostas por sangue de diferentes espécies animais sobre a emergência de adultos da pulga Ctenocephalides felis felis. Foram utilizadas seis dietas artificiais contendo areia e sangue desidratado de cão, boi, coelho e galinha, acrescidas ou não com farelo de trigo. Foram realizadas seis repetições contendo dez ovos de C. f. felis para cada dieta. Após 25 dias de incubação, os ovos foram quantificados e avaliados quanto à emergência de adultos. O número de pulgas emergidas para dietas com sangue de boi, cão, coelho e galinha, com areia e farelo de trigo, foi de aproximadamente oito pulgas. Para as dietas contendo apenas sangue de boi ou de cão e areia, essa emergência foi de aproximadamente uma pulga para ambas. Conclui-se que a origem do sangue empregado na elaboração da dieta não interfere significativamente no percentual de emergência de adultos de C. f. felis. Portanto, pode-se optar pela espécie animal disponível para o preparo da dieta artificial, aliada à suplementação com farelo de trigo, para suprir uma eventual perda nutricional decorrente da desidratação do sangue.The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of meridic diets composed by blood from different animal species upon the adult emergence of Ctenocephalides felis felis fleas. Six artificial diets containing dried blood of cattle (standard), dogs, rabbit and chicken, combined with sand or sand/wheat bran were prepared. For each diet six samples containing ten C. f. felis eggs were evaluated. After 25 days of incubation, samples were assessed for adult emergence. The number of emerge fleas for diets composed by bovine, canine, rabbit and chicken combined with sand/wheat bran was aproximally eight fleas. Diets composed by bovine and canine combined with sand, this emergence was aproximally one flea, for both. It can be concluded that the blood origin do not alter significantly C. f. felis adult emergence rate. Therefore, blood from any available animal species can be used for artificial diet formulation, combined with wheat bran in order to supply any nutritional losses occurred during blood dehydration.

Resistência antihelmíntica é um problema potencial para o controle de nematodas em bovinos e pode causar perdas econômicas na indústria de bovinos leiteiros e de cortes. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a eficácia da ivermectina, doramectna e abamectina em bezerros infectados naturalmente e experimentalmente para Cooperia punctata em um rebanho bovino leiteiro. Testes de redução da contagem de ovos fecais foram conduzidos em bezerros infectados naturalmente que foram tratados com soluções injetáveis de ivermectina, doramectina e abamectina. Amostras fecais foram colhidas no dia do tratamento, dia 0, e nos dias 7 e 14 após o tratamento e cultura de larvas foram feitas nas amostras positivas. Um teste controlado foi realizado usando 18 bezerros infectados artificialmente,alocados em três grupos com seis animais cada: Grupo I - controle, sem tratamento; Grupo II - ivermectina, solução injetável, 200µg/kg; Grupo III - doramectina, solução injetável, 200µg/kg. Amostras fecais foram colhidas no dia do tratamento, dia 0, e nos dias 3, 7, 9 e 14 após o tratamento. Nos dias 14, 15 e 16, dois animais de cada grupo foram eutanaziados e cargas de parasitos pulmonares e gastrintestinais foram determinados. Os resultados dos testes de redução da contagem de ovos fecais em bezerros infectados naturalmente mostraram redução no dia 14 após o tratamento de - 4,45 a 11,49% para ivermectina; 32.31 a 60.40% para doramectina e 85,05% para abamectina. O único parasito identificado na cultura de larvas foi Cooperia spp. O Teste Controlado mostrou uma redução da contagem de ovos fecais no dia 14 após o tratamento de 51.47% e 96.08% para ivermectina e doramectina, respectivamente. Redução da contagem de adultos neste teste controlado foi de 53.91% e 82.43% para ivermectina e doramectina, respectivamente. Somente C. punctata foi recuperado nas necropsias. Assim, esta cepa de C. punctata foi considerado resistente ao tratamento com ivermectina e doramectina e sugere uma possível resistência para abamectina pelo teste de redução da contagem de ovos fecais.

Canine otoacariasis, or otodectic mange, is a common parasitic disorder of dogs' ear canals caused by the mite Otodectes cynotis. Infestation can be detected through diverse protocols of varying sensitivity. We evaluated the use of video otoscopy in comparison with conventional otoscopy and cerumen examination under a microscope for diagnosingO. cynotis in dogs. Thirty-five dogs were evaluated bilaterally for the presence of ear mites, using a veterinary otoscope (Gowlands®), a video otoscope (Welch Allyn®) and the gold-standard technique of examination of swab-collected cerumen under a microscope. Each ear was considered to represent one sample, and 69 ears were examined, since one dog presented with one completely stenotic ear canal. Ear mites were diagnosed in 59.42% (41/69) through video otoscopy. The same 41 infested ear canals were detected by means of cerumen examination under a microscope, whereas conventional otoscopy was able to diagnose mites in only 39.13% (27/69). This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Video otoscopy proved to be superior to conventional otoscopy, and equivalent to the gold standard for detection of O. cynotis in canine ear canals, and should be recommended for controlled trials on drug efficacy for treatment of canine otoacariasis.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a single dose of oral afoxolaner in controlling fleas in cats. Fourteen cats were used. The cats were given identification numbers, housed individually, artificially infested with Ctenocephalides felis felis, and treated (or not) with afoxolaner. Were divided into a treatment group and a control group (n = 7/group), on the basis of the fleas count hours after an infestation applied on Day (one-by-one allocation after ordering by count). At the start of the experimental protocol (designated day 0), the treated group received afoxolaner in a single dose of 2.5 mg/kg and the control group animals received a placebo. All animals were infested with 100 C. felis felis fleas two days before day 0, as well as on days 5, 12, 19, 26, 33, 40, 47, 54, and 63, parasite loads being evaluated at 48 h after each infestation. The efficacy of afoxolaner was 100% on day 2 and remained above 98% until day 42, decreasing to 95.3% by day 63. The findings confirm that a single dose of oral afoxolaner was effective in controlling C. felis felis in cats, and there were no observed adverse events.