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ABSTRACT: There has been a significant advance in the poultry industry, and new technological and biological processes have accompanied the development of animals and inputs. Alongside the new possibilities for growth, there has been an emergence of new paradigms, including the rise of myopathies among which PSE, DFD, deep pectoral myopathy, oregon disease, acid breast, white stripping, wooden breast and spaghetti meat stand out. They cause considerable damage to the industry, as well as to ride hypotheses for studies in an attempt to better describe them. Researches seek to know about the behavior of proteins and specific protein groups in these anomalies. Groups of proteases are determinant to understand what may be occurring in muscle activity and; consequently, to understand the process in a more detailed way. Therefore, proteolytic systems may be acting on abnormal tissues. Proteases act differently in birds and mammals, but how altered they may be is still unknown. Besides, it is essential to relate the activities of these proteases, measures that indicate technological aspects that are relevant to meat quality standards. These quality standards must be directly associated with the consumption of raw meat in the material destined for processing, regardless of the final product. The important thing is to guarantee information that will lead the industry and consumers that will have, even with the anomaly developed, products that are nutritionally safe . This review discusses the biochemical and technological changes in poultry with pectoral anomalies, and how this affectsmeat quality.

Chitin extracted from silkworm chrysalides was used to prepare chitosan applied in this investigation. Adsorption studies were carried out in column and in aqueous suspension with two dyes, blue remazol (RN) and black remazol 5 (RB). The study showed that adsorption is better in the chitosan-packed column than in the chitin-packed one. However, the comparison of the adsorption in column and in suspension revealed better results for the latter. The plotted Langmuir isotherm did not indicate significant difference in the theoretical capacity of saturation of the monolayer (Qo) for either dye. The application of the adsorption process to actual conditions was evaluated by adsorption assays of actual textile effluents. In acid pH, chitosan adsorbed the dyes responsible for the effluent coloration completely. This study showed that the use of chitosan obtained from silkworm chrysalides is a viable alternative for the immobilization of dyes in textile industry effluents.

This study aimed to determine and compare the proximate composition and the content of fatty acids in different meat products processed in Brazil. To this end, meat products (formed ham, hamburger, mortadella, ham, salami, sausage) from three different brands for each derivative and from five different lots for each brand have been examined. The total lipids ranged from 1.84% for the ham brand C to 31.61% for the salami brand F; hamburguers presented values in the range of 14% of total lipids, with no significant difference (P

The aim of this work was to evaluate pH values fall rate in chicken breast meat under commercial refrigeration processing conditions and the development of PSE (pale, soft, exudative) meat. Broiler breast samples from the Cobb breed, both genders, at 47 days of age (n = 100) were taken from refrigerated carcasses (RS) immersed in water and ice in a tank chilled at 0°C (±2). pH and temperature (T) values were recorded at several periods throughout refrigeration in comparison to samples left at room T as control (CS). The ultimate pH (pHu) value of 5.86 for RS carcasses were only reached at 11°C after 8.35 h post mortem (PM) while, for CS samples, pHu value was 5.94 at 22°C after 4.08 h PM. Thus, under commercial refrigeration conditions, the glycolysis rate was retarded by over 4.0 h PM and the breast meat color was affected. At 24.02 h PM, PSE meat incidence was 30% while for CS, meat remained dark and PSE meat was not detected. Results show retardation in the glycolysis rate and PSE meat development was promoted by the refrigeration treatment when compared with samples stored at processing room temperature.

The objective of this work was to study the effect of blue light diffuser on the broiler stress control by measuring the occurrence of PSE meat just before slaughtering. Birds were divided into the following two groups before slaughter at the point of being hung on shackles: broiler group under low intensity blue light ambience (475, 17-20 lx) and control group under white light (550-650nm, 321-332 lx). Birds' stressful conditions were measured by the occurrence of PSE meat. Breast fillets were classified as PSE meat based on pH ( 53.0). The fillet samples in the control group had the following characteristics: pHu=5.77, L* = 54.26 and b*= 6.27. The fillet samples from birds under blue light ambience had the following characteristics: pHu=5.81, L* = 52.86 and b* = 5.22 (p < 0.05). These results revealed that the treatment of blue light ambience just before slaughtering contributed to the alleviation of ante mortem stress of the birds, which was observed by a 14% decrease in the occurrence of PSE meat. Exposure to blue light just before slaughtering was shown to have potential to be used in modern slaughterhouses to offer a comfortable atmosphere, thereby maintaining breast meat quality.

The objective of this paper was to characterize the lipidic profile of the Rhomboideus muscle (humpback) present in the Nelore breed, and compare it to the Longissimis dorsi muscle (tenderloin). Male animals with 24 months of age, raised in pasture were slaughtered in a regional slaughterhouse and the Longissimus dorsi (LD) and Rhomboideus (RH) muscles were excised from the remaining of the carcass and analyzed after 24 hours refrigeration. Moisture, protein and total lipids were quantified and the fatty acid profile was analyzed. The results obtained show significant differences (p < 0.05) in the characterization between the muscles analyzed in relation to their composition. Most of the fatty acids detected were monounsaturated (MUFA), with the oleic acid (C18:1n-9) being the fatty acid with the largest amount present, with the value of 48.11% for the RH muscle and 45.58% for LD. For saturated fatty acids (SFA), palmitic acid (C16:0) were quantified in largest quantity with 25.67 and 25.19% content for RH and LD muscles, respectively. Regarding saturation, RH muscle has greater quantity of MUFA, 56.46%, but lower PUFA/SFA ratio, with 0.081.

The objective of this paper was to characterize the lipidic profile of the Rhomboideus muscle (humpback) present in the Nelore breed, and compare it to the Longissimis dorsi muscle (tenderloin). Male animals with 24 months of age, raised in pasture were slaughtered in a regional slaughterhouse and the Longissimus dorsi (LD) and Rhomboideus (RH) muscles were excised from the remaining of the carcass and analyzed after 24 hours refrigeration. Moisture, protein and total lipids were quantified and the fatty acid profile was analyzed. The results obtained show significant differences (p < 0.05) in the characterization between the muscles analyzed in relation to their composition. Most of the fatty acids detected were monounsaturated (MUFA), with the oleic acid (C18:1n-9) being the fatty acid with the largest amount present, with the value of 48.11% for the RH muscle and 45.58% for LD. For saturated fatty acids (SFA), palmitic acid (C16:0) were quantified in largest quantity with 25.67 and 25.19% content for RH and LD muscles, respectively. Regarding saturation, RH muscle has greater quantity of MUFA, 56.46%, but lower PUFA/SFA ratio, with 0.081. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o perfil lipídico do músculo Rhomboideus (cupim) presente na raça Nelore e compara-lo com o músculo Longissimis dorsi (contra filé). Animais machos com 24 meses de idade, criados em pasto foram abatidos em frigorífico regional e os músculos Longissimus dorsi (LD) e Rhomboideus (RH) retirados do restante da carcaça e analisados após 24 horas de refrigeração. Foram quantificados umidade, proteína, lipídios totais e analisado o perfil de ácidos graxos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram diferenças significativas (p < 0,05) na caracterização entre os músculos analisados em relação a sua composição. A maioria dos ácidos graxos detectados foram monoinsaturados (MUFA), sendo o ácido graxo presente em maior quantidade o ácido oleico (C18:1n-9) com valor de 48,11% para o músculo RH e 45,58% para o LD. Os ácidos graxos saturados (SFA) com o ácido palmítico (C16:0) em maior quantidade com teores de 25,67 e 25,19%, para os músculos RH e LD, respectivamente. Em relação à saturação, o músculo RH tem maior quantidade de MUFA, 56,46%, mas menor razão PUFA/SFA com 0,081.