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1. Morpho- and Chemotyping of Holopelagic Sargassum Species Causing Massive Strandings in the Caribbean Region

Author

Nolwenn Kergosien, Mathieu Helias, Fabienne Le Grand, Stéphane Cérantola, Gaëlle Simon, Charlotte Nirma, Thierry Thibaut, Léo Berline, Thomas Changeux, Aurélie Blanfuné, Solène Connan, and Valérie Stiger-Pouvreau

Subjects
chemotyping, fatty acids, holopelagic Sargassum, morphotyping, NMR fingerprinting, phlorotannins, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

The specific identification of three major morphotypes of the tropical holopelagic Sargassum species causing massive strandings on the African and Caribbean coastlines was attempted by morphological characterisation as well as quantitative and qualitative analyses of several metabolites. Of the 25 morphological variables studied on 208 samples from the North Atlantic Ocean, 22 were used to establish a dichotomous identification key, allowing without any doubt the identification of each morphotype based on their morphological criteria alone. We also attempted to differentiate morphotypes using chemical fingerprintings (HR-MAS NMR) and markers by analysing pigment level and composition using High Pressure Liquid Chromatography, terpene profiles by Thin Layer Chromatography, phenolic compound levels by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and structures by 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy, and fatty acid composition by Gas Chromatography. While pigment level and composition, terpene profiles, and phenolic contents were not discriminating, quantification of eight fatty acids enabled the differentiation of the three morphotypes. Furthermore, phlorotannin purification permitted their structural characterisation allowing discrimination between the three morphotypes. Our study highlights the potential of the free fatty acid profile and phlorotannin structure as good chemomarkers in order to discriminate between the three morphotypes of holopelagic Sargassum.

Published
2024
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2. An Integrated Biomarker Approach Using Flounder to Improve Chemical Risk Assessments in the Heavily Polluted Seine Estuary

Author

Elodie Borcier, Grégory Charrier, Jérôme Couteau, Géraldine Maillet, Fabienne Le Grand, Antoine Bideau, Matthieu Waeles, Stéphane Le Floch, Rachid Amara, Vianney Pichereau, and Jean Laroche

Subjects
Platichthys flesus, estuaries, biomarkers, bioenergetics, polar lipids, population genetics, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950, Toxicology. Poisons, RA1190-1270
Abstract

The objective of this study was to develop an integrative approach in ecotoxicology (from biomarkers to population genetics) to assess the ecological status of fish populations. Flounders (Platichthys flesus) collected after the spawning season in the heavily polluted Seine estuary were compared with the moderately polluted Bay of Douarnenez. The muscle energetic reserves were highly depleted in Seine vs. Douarnenez fish. The Seine fish displaying a reduced capacity to manage the oxidative stress and a higher energetic metabolism. An increase in the content of muscle membrane phospholipids (sphingomyelin, phosphatidylserine, free sterols) was detected in the Seine vs. Douarnenez fish. The data integration allowed to hypothesize relationships between membrane phospholipids, xenobiotic metabolism, bioenergetics, and antioxidant defence. The genetic diversity considering neutral markers was maintained in the heavily polluted Seine population compared with the Douarnenez population. Finally, we suggest that the high physiological cost of tolerance to toxicants in the Seine flounder population could compromise its capacity to respond in the future to an additional stressor like warming waters in shallow depth. Thus, this population could be submitted to an ecological risk.

Published
2020
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3. Scale-Up to Pilot of a Non-Axenic Culture of Thraustochytrids Using Digestate from Methanization as Nitrogen Source

Author

Denis de la Broise, Mariana Ventura, Luc Chauchat, Maurean Guerreiro, Teo Michez, Thibaud Vinet, Nicolas Gautron, Fabienne Le Grand, Antoine Bideau, Nelly Le Goïc, Adeline Bidault, Christophe Lambert, and Philippe Soudant

Subjects
Thraustochytrids, Aurantiochytrium, PUFA, DHA, digestate, oxygen, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

The production of non-fish based docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for feed and food has become a critical need in our global context of over-fishing. The industrial-scale production of DHA–rich Thraustochytrids could be an alternative, if costs turned out to be competitive. In order to reduce production costs, this study addresses the feasibility of the non-axenic (non-sterile) cultivation of Aurantiochytrium mangrovei on industrial substrates (as nitrogen and mineral sources and glucose syrup as carbon and energy sources), and its scale-up from laboratory (250 mL) to 500 L cultures. Pilot-scale reactors were airlift cylinders. Batch and fed-batch cultures were tested. Cultures over 38 to 62 h achieved a dry cell weight productivity of 3.3 to 5.5 g.L−1.day−1, and a substrate to biomass yield of up to 0.3. DHA productivity ranged from 10 to 0.18 mg.L−1.day−1. Biomass productivity appears linearly related to oxygen transfer rate. Bacterial contamination of cultures was low enough to avoid impacts on fatty acid composition of the biomass. A specific work on microbial risks assessment (in supplementary files) showed that the biomass can be securely used as feed. However, to date, there is a law void in EU legislation regarding the recycling of nitrogen from digestate from animal waste for microalgae biomass and its usage in animal feed. Overall, the proposed process appears similar to the industrial yeast production process (non-axenic heterotrophic process, dissolved oxygen supply limiting growth, similar cell size). Such similarity could help in further industrial developments.

Published
2022
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4. A 13CO2 Enrichment Experiment to Study the Synthesis Pathways of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids of the Haptophyte Tisochrysis lutea

Author

Marine Remize, Frédéric Planchon, Matthieu Garnier, Ai Ning Loh, Fabienne Le Grand, Antoine Bideau, Christophe Lambert, Rudolph Corvaisier, Aswani Volety, and Philippe Soudant

Subjects
long-chain PUFA synthesis, desaturases, elongases, PKS pathway, 20:5n-3 (EPA), 22:6n-3 (DHA), Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

The production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in Tisochrysis lutea was studied using the gradual incorporation of a 13C-enriched isotopic marker, 13CO2, for 24 h during the exponential growth of the algae. The 13C enrichment of eleven fatty acids was followed to understand the synthetic pathways the most likely to form the essential polyunsaturated fatty acids 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) in T. lutea. The fatty acids 16:0, 18:1n-9 + 18:3n-3, 18:2n-6, and 22:5n-6 were the most enriched in 13C. On the contrary, 18:4n-3 and 18:5n-3 were the least enriched in 13C after long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as 20:5n-3 or 22:5n-3. The algae appeared to use different routes in parallel to form its polyunsaturated fatty acids. The use of the PKS pathway was hypothesized for polyunsaturated fatty acids with n-6 configuration (such as 22:5n-6) but might also exist for n-3 PUFA (especially 20:5n-3). With regard to the conventional n-3 PUFA pathway, Δ6 desaturation of 18:3n-3 appeared to be the most limiting step for T. lutea, “stopping” at the synthesis of 18:4n-3 and 18:5n-3. These two fatty acids were hypothesized to not undergo any further reaction of elongation and desaturation after being formed and were therefore considered “end-products”. To circumvent this limiting synthetic route, Tisochrysis lutea seemed to have developed an alternative route via Δ8 desaturation to produce longer chain fatty acids such as 20:5n-3 and 22:5n-3. 22:6n-3 presented a lower enrichment and appeared to be produced by a combination of different pathways: the conventional n-3 PUFA pathway by desaturation of 22:5n-3, the alternative route of ω-3 desaturase using 22:5n-6 as precursor, and possibly the PKS pathway. In this study, PKS synthesis looked particularly effective for producing long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The rate of enrichment of these compounds hypothetically synthesized by PKS is remarkably fast, making undetectable the 13C incorporation into their precursors. Finally, we identified a protein cluster gathering PKS sequences of proteins that are hypothesized allowing n-3 PUFA synthesis.

Published
2021
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5. Effect of Salinity and Nitrogen Form in Irrigation Water on Growth, Antioxidants and Fatty Acids Profiles in Halophytes Salsola australis, Suaeda maritima, and Enchylaena tomentosa for a Perspective of Biosaline Agriculture

Author

Cassandre Certain, Luc Della Patrona, Peggy Gunkel-Grillon, Audrey Léopold, Philippe Soudant, and Fabienne Le Grand

Subjects
halophyte, Salsola australis, Suaeda maritima, Enchylaena tomentosa, salt tolerance, nitrogen form, Agriculture
Abstract

Cultivation of salt-tolerant crops help to face to irreversible global salinization of freshwater and soils. In New-Caledonia, three halophytes are candidates for saline crops, Salsola australis R.Br., Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort and Enchylaena tomentosa R.Br. Their success and quality depend yet on availabilities of salinity and essential nutrients in agrosystems. So, we investigated effects of three salinities, i.e., control moderate and high, and five nitrogen ratios, i.e., 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 or 0:100 NO3−-N:NH4+-N ratio on their growth and functional value for fatty acids and antioxidants. Results show that the leaf fatty acid and antioxidant profiles of species, emphasize their good potential to become functional crop products, based on comparison with other functional plants, dietetic recommendation, or functional indices. However, their total phenolic compounds (TPC) content can be influenced by N-ratio (Suaeda maritima and Enchylaena tomentosa) and their antioxidant activity index (AAI) can be influenced by salinity (Suaeda maritima), N-ratio (Salsola australis) or both (Enchylaenatomentosa). Their quantitative and/or qualitative fatty acid profiles can also be influenced by salinity (Enchylaena tomentosa), N-ratio (Suaeda maritima), or both (Salsola australis). Regarding these variations, involving salt tolerance and nitrogen nutrition mechanisms, we recommend suitable treatments to maintain or optimize the growth and the functional quality of leaves in the three species.

Published
2021
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6. Identification of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Synthesis Pathways in the Toxic Dinophyte Alexandrium minutum Using 13C-Labelling

Author

Marine Remize, Frédéric Planchon, Ai Ning Loh, Fabienne Le Grand, Christophe Lambert, Antoine Bideau, Adeline Bidault, Rudolph Corvaisier, Aswani Volety, and Philippe Soudant

Subjects
PUFA synthesis, 22:6n-3, DHA, PKS pathway, Dinophyte, Alexandrium minutum, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

The synthetic pathways responsible for the production of the polyunsaturated fatty acids 22:6n-3 and 20:5n-3 were studied in the Dinophyte Alexandrium minutum. The purpose of this work was to follow the progressive incorporation of an isotopic label (13CO2) into 11 fatty acids to better understand the fatty acid synthesis pathways in A. minutum. The Dinophyte growth was monitored for 54 h using high-frequency sampling. A. minutum presented a growth in two phases. A lag phase was observed during the first 30 h of development and had been associated with the probable temporary encystment of Dinophyte cells. An exponential growth phase was then observed after t30. A. minutum rapidly incorporated 13C into 22:6n-3, which ended up being the most 13C-enriched polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in this experiment, with a higher 13C atomic enrichment than 18:4n-3, 18:5n-3, 20:5n-3, and 22:5n-3. Overall, the 13C atomic enrichment (AE) was inversely proportional to number of carbons in n-3 PUFA. C18 PUFAs, 18:4n-3, and 18:5n-3, were indeed among the least 13C-enriched FAs during this experiment. They were assumed to be produced by the n-3 PUFA pathway. However, they could not be further elongated or desaturated to produce n-3 C20-C22 PUFA, because the AEs of the n-3 C18 PUFAs were lower than those of the n-3 C20-C22 PUFAs. Thus, the especially high atomic enrichment of 22:6n-3 (55.8% and 54.9% in neutral lipids (NLs) and polar lipids (PLs), respectively) led us to hypothesize that this major PUFA was synthesized by an O2-independent Polyketide Synthase (PKS) pathway. Another parallel PKS, independent of the one leading to 22:6n-3, was also supposed to produce 20:5n-3. The inverse order of the 13C atomic enrichment for n-3 PUFAs was also suspected to be related to the possible β-oxidation of long-chain n-3 PUFAs occurring during A. minutum encystment.

Published
2020
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7. Study of Synthesis Pathways of the Essential Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid 20:5n-3 in the Diatom Chaetoceros Muelleri Using 13C-Isotope Labeling

Author

Marine Remize, Frédéric Planchon, Ai Ning Loh, Fabienne Le Grand, Antoine Bideau, Nelly Le Goic, Elodie Fleury, Philippe Miner, Rudolph Corvaisier, Aswani Volety, and Philippe Soudant

Subjects
synthesis pathway, diatom, 20:5n-3 (EPA), Chaetoceros muelleri, acyl-editing mechanism, compound-specific isotope analysis, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

The present study sought to characterize the synthesis pathways producing the essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) 20:5n-3 (EPA). For this, the incorporation of 13C was experimentally monitored into 10 fatty acids (FA) during the growth of the diatom Chaetoceros muelleri for 24 h. Chaetoceros muelleri preferentially and quickly incorporated 13C into C18 PUFAs such as 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-6 as well as 16:0 and 16:1n-7, which were thus highly 13C-enriched. During the experiment, 20:5n-3 and 16:3n-4 were among the least-enriched fatty acids. The calculation of the enrichment percentage ratio of a fatty acid B over its suspected precursor A allowed us to suggest that the diatom produced 20:5n-3 (EPA) by a combination between the n-3 (via 18:4n-3) and n-6 (via 18:3n-6 and 20:4n-6) synthesis pathways as well as the alternative ω-3 desaturase pathway (via 20:4n-6). In addition, as FA from polar lipids were generally more enriched in 13C than FA from neutral lipids, particularly for 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-6, the existence of acyl-editing mechanisms and connectivity between polar and neutral lipid fatty acid pools were also hypothesized. Because 16:3n-4 and 20:5n-3 presented the same concentration and enrichment dynamics, a structural and metabolic link was proposed between these two PUFAs in C. muelleri.

Published
2020
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9. Evaluation of Aurantiochytrium mangrovei Biomass Grown on Digestate as a Sustainable Feed Ingredient of Sea Bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, Juveniles and Larvae

Author

Philippe Soudant, Mariana Ventura, Luc Chauchat, Maurean Guerreiro, Margaux Mathieu-Resuge, Fabienne Le Grand, Victor Simon, Sophie Collet, José-Luis Zambonino-Infante, Nelly Le Goïc, Christophe Lambert, Fleuriane Fernandes, Alla Silkina, Marcella Fernandes de Souza, and Denis de la Broise

Subjects
Agriculture and Food Sciences, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, aquaculture, nutrition, sustainability, n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, Thraustochytrids, microalgae, fish oil, Geography, Planning and Development, Building and Construction, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Abstract

The use of microalgae as a sustainable source of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) as an alternative to fish oils from small pelagic fish (e.g., anchovy, sardine) has received growing interest in the past few years. The present study aimed to: (i) produce Aurantiochytrium mangrovei biomass by heterotrophic fermentation using a medium containing anaerobic digestion liquid effluent, and (ii) evaluate a biomass rich in n-3 LC-PUFA and good quality proteins as a feed ingredient for sea bass juveniles and larvae. Two 800 L bioreactors were used to produce Aurantiochytrium biomass in non-axenic conditions. Biomass was then filtered through a crossflow filtration system (300 Kda ceramic membrane) and freeze-dried. Sea bass juveniles (32.7 ± 4.2 g) were fed both a control diet and a diet containing 15% of freeze-dried A. mangrovei biomass for 38 days. Juvenile survival percentage was 90% on average in both dietary conditions. Similar growth was observed between fish fed with both diets, demonstrating the feasibility to replace 15% of a standard fish feed by Aurantiochytrium biomass. The liver of sea bass juveniles fed with the A. mangrovei diet contained significantly higher proportions of 22:6n-3, 22:5n-6, and 20:4n-6 than those fed with the control diet, while the proportions of 16:0, 16:1n-7, and 18:1n-9 were significantly lower. The secondary oxidation, as measured by malonylaldehyde (MDA) content, in the liver and muscle of juveniles fed with the microalgae diet tended to be higher than in fish fed the control diet, but the differences were not statistically significant. Although the larvae survival percentage was low for all the tanks after 41 days of rearing, the inclusion of 15% of hydrolyzed A. mangrovei biomass in the larvae micro-diet did not impair the development of sea bass larvae and only marginally affected their lipid composition. In the future, we have to further optimize a sustainable workflow between Aurantiochytrium cultivation and fish feed production and confirm the zootechnical and biochemical results.

Published
2022

11. Physiological adaptation of the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima under copper starvation

Author

Marc Long, Aurélie Lelong, Eva Bucciarelli, Fabienne Le Grand, Hélène Hégaret, Philippe Soudant, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
photosynthesis, copper starvation, energy storage, photosystem II, General Medicine, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Pollution, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, membranes, bacillariophyta, physiology, lipid metabolism, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract

In the open ocean and particularly in iron (Fe)-limited environment, copper (Cu) deficiency might limit the growth of phytoplankton species. Cu is an essential trace metal used in electron-transfer reactions, such as respiration and photosynthesis, when bound to specific enzymes. Some phytoplankton species, such as the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia spp. can cope with Cu starvation through adaptative strategies. In this study, we investigated the physiological strategies of the marine diatom P. delicatissima against Cu starvation. Compared to the control, Cu starvation inhibited growth by 35%, but did not induce any excess mortality. Despite the bottleneck measured in the electron flow of the photosynthetic chain, cells of P. delicatissima conserved their photosynthesis ability. This photosynthesis maintenance was accompanied by structural changes of membranes, where pigments and lipid composition were strongly modified. Diatoms also strongly modified their metabolism, by redirecting their C allocation to energy storage under the form of triglycerides. By maintaining essential metabolic functions and storing energy under the form of lipids, these physiological adaptations might be a strategy enabling this diatom to later bloom under the return of favorable nutritional condition.

Published
2023

12. Origin and fate of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the Kerguelen Islands region (Southern Ocean) in late summer

Author

Marine Remize, Frédéric Planchon, Ai Ning Loh, Fabienne Le Grand, Antoine Bideau, Eleonora Puccinelli, Aswani Volety, Philippe Soudant, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of North Carolina [Wilmington] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Elon University [NC, USA], Isblue, and ANR-17-EURE-0015,ISBlue,Interdisciplinary Graduate School for the Blue planet(2017)

Subjects
Diatoms, Heterotrophic interactions, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Phytoplankton diversity, Fatty acid export, Nutritional quality, Aquatic Science, Vertical distribution, Oceanography, Essential fatty acids, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

International audience; Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) are molecules produced at the basis of marine food webs and essential for ecosystem functioning. This study reports detailed fatty acid (FA) composition including the two LC-PUFA 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3, in suspended organic matter (SPOM) from the upper 300 m collected in the Kerguelen Island region in the Southern Ocean during the post-bloom period (February–March 2018; project MOBYDICK). FA profiles were largely dominated by PUFA (53–69% of Total Fatty Acid, TFA) regardless of stations and among PUFA, proportions of LC-PUFA were especially high, making up 27–44% of TFA both in the ML and upper mesopelagic. 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 co-occurred in the ML as a result of the post-bloom phytoplankton community showing a mixed composition dominated by small size phytoplankton (prymnesiophytes and prasinophytes) supplying 22:6n-3, and with diatoms in lower proportions supplying 20:5n-3. Elevated levels of LC-PUFA were observed both inside the iron-fertilized area on the Kerguelen Plateau and downstream, and outside in High Nutrient Low Chlorophyll waters located upstream of the Plateau, and appeared unrelated to site. In the upper mesopelagic, both LC-PUFA were maintained at high relative proportions suggesting an efficient and possibly fast vertical transfer from the surface. Transfer with depth seems to proceed via distinct pathways according to LC-PUFA. 20:5n-3 may be exported along with diatoms, presumably in the form of large intact cells, aggregates as well as resting spores. For 22:6n-3, transfer may involve a channeling through the heterotrophic food web resulting in its association with fecal material at depth. Channeling of 22:6n-3 could involve heterotrophic protists such as dinoflagellates and ciliates grazing on small phytoplankton, as well as larger zooplankton such as copepods and salps, possibly feeding on microzooplankton and producing fecal pellets rich in 22:6n-3. According to LC-PUFA content, SPOM present throughout the upper water column (0–300 m) appeared of high nutritional quality both on- and off-plateau, and represented a valuable source of food for secondary consumers and suspension feeders.

Published
2022

13. An Integrated Biomarker Approach Using Flounder to Improve Chemical Risk Assessments in the Heavily Polluted Seine Estuary

Author

Vianney Pichereau, Géraldine Maillet, Antoine Bideau, Fabienne Le Grand, Stéphane Le Floch, Jérôme Couteau, Elodie Borcier, Jean Laroche, Matthieu Waeles, Grégory Charrier, and Rachid Amara

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Bioenergetics, polar lipids, Population, Platichthys flesus, Population genetics, Flounder, RM1-950, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, Toxicology, bioenergetics, 01 natural sciences, Article, RA1190-1270, Ecotoxicology, 14. Life underwater, education, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pharmacology, geography, education.field_of_study, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, biomarkers, population genetics, Estuary, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Platichthys, estuaries, Fishery, Toxicology. Poisons, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, Bay
Abstract

The objective of this study was to develop an integrative approach in ecotoxicology (from biomarkers to population genetics) to assess the ecological status of fish populations. Flounders (Platichthys flesus) collected after the spawning season in the heavily polluted Seine estuary were compared with the moderately polluted Bay of Douarnenez. The muscle energetic reserves were highly depleted in Seine vs. Douarnenez fish. The Seine fish displaying a reduced capacity to manage the oxidative stress and a higher energetic metabolism. An increase in the content of muscle membrane phospholipids (sphingomyelin, phosphatidylserine, free sterols) was detected in the Seine vs. Douarnenez fish. The data integration allowed to hypothesize relationships between membrane phospholipids, xenobiotic metabolism, bioenergetics, and antioxidant defence. The genetic diversity considering neutral markers was maintained in the heavily polluted Seine population compared with the Douarnenez population. Finally, we suggest that the high physiological cost of tolerance to toxicants in the Seine flounder population could compromise its capacity to respond in the future to an additional stressor like warming waters in shallow depth. Thus, this population could be submitted to an ecological risk.

Published
2020

14. Haliotis tuberculata, a generalist marine herbivore that prefers a mixed diet, but with consistent individual foraging activity

Author

Pierre Poitevin, Sabine Roussel, Valérie Stiger-Pouvreau, Robert W. Day, Catherine Leblanc, Fabienne Le Grand, Sylvain Huchette, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), Scea France Haliotis, University of Melbourne, Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins (LBI2M), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-BTBR-0004,IDEALG,Biotechnologies pour la valorisation des macroalgues(2010), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
macroalgae, 0106 biological sciences, food.ingredient, Abalone, growth, Population, Foraging, foraging activity, Zoology, food choice, marine herbivore, Generalist and specialist species, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, australian abalone, mollusc, food, individual consistency, Food choice, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 14. Life underwater, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Haliotis, midae, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Herbivore, education.field_of_study, behavior, ACL, feed, 05 social sciences, intraclass correlation, nutrition, Ectotherm, proportion similarity index, Animal Science and Zoology, ecology, discus-hannai ino, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

WOS:000540196900005; While population foraging behaviour of herbivores has been extensively studied, individual choice is still poorly understood. Very few studies have focused on the individual consistency of foraging behaviour in marine herbivores. Because marine ectotherms are strongly influenced by their environment and because a mixed diet is appropriate for herbivores, we hypothesized thatHaliotis tuberculata, a large marine gastropod, would not exhibit significant individual consistency in foraging activity and would display generalist food choices. To test these hypotheses, the behaviour of 120 abalone was studied using a choice test of eight macroalgal species over 3 weeks, with video recording 24 hr a day. In addition, primary components, secondary metabolites and toughness of the eight algae were measured. At the population level, food choice was mainly related to the protein composition and the toughness of the macroalgae. We found thatH. tuberculatais a generalist species feeding on a variety of algae (IS = 0.64), even if 21% of the individuals can be considered to be specialists. However, in contrast to our hypothesis, highly consistent between-individual variation was observed in foraging activity (ICC = 0.81 for time spent feeding and ICC = 0.74 for number of feeding visits per day). The high individual consistency of foraging activity has some ecological and evolutionary implications currently not understood for this marine herbivore.

Published
2020

15. Risk and benefit assessment of seafood consumption harvested from the Pertuis Charentais region of France

Author

Antoine Bideau, Élise Noger-Huet, Maud Brault-Favrou, Nicolas Graziano, Marie Vagner, Paco Bustamante, Thomas Lacoue-Labarthe, Fabienne Le Grand, Carine Churlaud, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
mercury, essential and non-essential trace elements, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Fishing, Food Contamination, [SDV.TOX.TCA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Toxicology and food chain, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Risk Assessment, Essential and non-essential trace elements, 03 medical and health sciences, Net risk, net risk/benefit index, Animals, Humans, 14. Life underwater, Food science, Shellfish, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, biology, benefit index, Trace element, Fishes, LC n-3 PUFA, Fatty acid, food and beverages, General Medicine, Mercury, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Whiting, Crustacean, Trace Elements, chemistry, Seafood, 13. Climate action, Composition (visual arts), [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Abstract

International audience; Seafood is well recognized as a major source of Long Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (LC n-3 PUFA, especially ecosapentaenoic acid, i.e. EPA and docosaheaxaenoic acid, i.e. DHA) and essential trace elements (As, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, and Zn). It is also a source of non-essential trace elements (Ag, Cd, Hg, Pb) that can be deleterious for health even at low concentrations. Edible parts of sixteen species (fish, cephalopods, crustaceans and bivalves) of great importance in the Pertuis Charentais region, one of the main shellfish farming and fishing areas, were sampled in winter and analyzed to determine their fatty acid (FA) composition and trace element concentrations. Based on these analyses, a suite of indices was calculated to estimate risk and benefit of seafood consumption: the n-6/n-3 ratio, the atherogenic index, the thrombogenic index, the EPA + DHA daily recommended portion, as well as the maximum safe consumption. The results showed that fish contributed the most to LC n-3 PUFA supply, while bivalves and crustaceans were more beneficial in essential trace elements. Whatever the species, the concentrations of non-essential elements were not limiting for seafood consumption, as important amounts of the analyzed species can be eaten daily or weekly before becoming deleterious to consumers. Yet, concentrations of Hg in dogfish and seabass can become a concern for frequent seafood consumers (>three meals a week), confirming that varying seafood items is a key point for consumers to optimize the benefits of diverse seafood resources. Considering FA composition, whiting and pilchard are the most beneficial fish species for human diet, while surmullet was the least beneficial one. However, using an index integrating the relative risk due to Hg content, the surmullet appears as one of the most beneficial. This study provides a temporal shot of the quality of marine resources consumed in winter period in the studied area and highlights the complexity of a quantitative risk and benefit assessment with respect to the biochemical attributes of selected seafood.

Published
2022

16. Post-mortem storage conditions and cooking methods affect long-chain omega-3 fatty acid content in Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus)

Author

Fany Sardenne, Laure Pecquerie, Antoine Bideau, Marie Vagner, Fabienne Le Grand, Philippe Soudant, Eleonora Puccinelli, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), ANR-17-EURE-0015,ISBlue,Interdisciplinary Graduate School for the Blue planet(2017), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Fishing, Storage, Small pelagic fish, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, Analytical Chemistry, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Atlantic mackerel, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Oxidation, Animals, Humans, 14. Life underwater, Food science, Cooking, Fatty acids, Omega 3 fatty acid, health care economics and organizations, Scomber, biology, Chemistry, Cooking methods, 010401 analytical chemistry, food and beverages, Cooking method, Pelagic zone, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, 040401 food science, Lipids, 0104 chemical sciences, Perciformes, Food Storage, Docosahexaenoic acid, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Long chain, Oxidation-Reduction, Food Science
Abstract

International audience; Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are health beneficial lipids found in high concentration in pelagic fishes, including Atlantic mackerel. While EPA and DHA are sensitive to oxidative degradation during fish storage and processing, post-mortem degradation in the first hours following fish death is poorly documented. In this study, we stored fish at two temperatures (2-4°C and 18-20°C) and monitored EPA+DHA content in dorsal fillet 6, 12 and 24 hours after fish death and after cooking (grill or steam). Storage duration was the most influencing factor, and EPA+DHA loss was faster at 18-20°C. Six hours after fish death, and regardless of storage temperature EPA+DHA content decreased by 1.3±1.3 mg.g-1 (9.6±9.5% of the initial content). EPA+DHA losses were highly variable among individuals, probably because of other sources of variability (e.g., sampling position). Handling between fishing operation and deep-frozen storage should be as short and as cool as possible to preserve EPA+DHA and for food safety. Regarding cooking, both EPA+DHA and mono-unsaturated fatty acids increased in grilled fillets.

Published
2021

17. Changes in lipid and fatty acid contents of gonad during the reproductive cycle of the Mediterranean swordfish Xiphias gladius

Author

Fany Sardenne, Remi Millot, Elodie Bessis, Eleonora Puccinelli, Antoine Bideau, Fabienne Le Grand, Éric Dominique Henri Durieux, Philippe Soudant, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stella Mare, Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-17-EURE-0015,ISBlue,Interdisciplinary Graduate School for the Blue planet(2017)

Subjects
Male, human food source, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Reproduction, Fatty Acids, Fishes, large pelagic fish, essentials fatty acids, General Medicine, testis, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Pollution, Perciformes, Seafood, Animals, Humans, Female, ovaries, omega-3, maturity, Gonads
Abstract

International audience; Swordfish Xiphias gladius is a large pelagic fish distributed worldwide and exploited for human consumption, however there is limited knowledge about its reproductive biology, especially regarding lipid dynamic in gonads. In teleost fish, reproductive success and offspring survival are associated to lipid availability for gamete synthesis. This study investigated the lipid composition, including lipid classes and fatty acids (FA) of cell membrane and reserve lipids (i.e., polar and neutral lipids, respectively; PL and NL), along female and male gonad development of a swordfish population from waters surrounding Corsica Island in the Mediterranean Sea. Overall, swordfish gonads contained 20% of total FA), while 20:5n-3 and 20:4n-6 were minor (3-6% of total FA) and varied little with maturation. 22:6n-3 and 18:1n-9 were selectively allocated to the ovarian maturation (increased in concentration and in proportion with maturation) until spawning. Finally, swordfish gonads might represent a good food source for humans given that 150 g of swordfish ovaries can cover the daily requirements in omega-3 for humans, but research on pollutants should also be conducted to evaluate their implications on the reproduction output of this species, and on the safety of swordfish gonads for human consumption.

Published
2022

18. Diets of spiny lobsters from Mahé Island reefs, Seychelles reefs inferred by trophic tracers

Author

Paco Bustamante, Kettyna Gabriel, Fany Sardenne, Nathalie Bodin, Magali A. Sabino, Antoine Bideau, Leo Barret, Laura K. Blamey, François Le Loc'h, Fabienne Le Grand, David Rowat, Rosabella Mangroo, Jean-Marie Munaron, Rodney Govinden, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Seychelles Fishing Authority (SFA) (SFA), Université des Seychelles, Marine Conservation Society Seychelles, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, animal structures, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Panulirus, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Zoology, Panulirus longipes, Bayesian mixing model, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, 14. Life underwater, Fatty acids, Reef, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, Stable isotopes, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, biology, ved/biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, Detritivore, Panulirus spp, Interspecific competition, biology.organism_classification, Crustacean, Tropical reef habitats, nervous system, Animal Science and Zoology, Western Indian Ocean, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Spiny lobster
Abstract

International audience; Spiny lobsters (Panulirus longipes, P. penicillatus and P. versicolor) are an important resource in Seychelles, where they inhabit coastal carbonate and granite reefs that have been impacted by multiple coral bleaching events over the past two decades. Little is known about their biology and ecology in this region. Interspecific competition for food resources was previously suggested, but no quantitative data on the diet of spiny lobsters were available. Using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope compositions and fatty acid profiles of three spiny lobster species and their potential prey, a Bayesian mixing model for diet estimation was applied to compare the diet proportions of spiny lobsters among species and between reef types (carbonate and granite reefs). Model outputs suggested the three lobster species consume mainly crustaceans (Anomoura hermit crabs; half of the diet), then Echinoidea (sea urchins), algae and molluscs. P. versicolor was found to consume slightly more molluscs and algae than the two other studied species, which was consistent with its lower trophic level (2.4 vs 2.8 for the two other species). Trophic level did not increase with carapace length of spiny lobsters, but large individuals had higher carbon isotopic values suggesting that they might feed closer to the coast or more on detritus feeders than their smaller congeners. Diets of spiny lobsters were fairly similar between carbonateand granite reefs, except that lobster inhabiting granite reefs consumed more sea urchins. While our overall findings were consistent with gut contents of Panulirus spp. from other world regions, they should be confirmed, as the discrimination of several prey based on trophic tracers was low, which increased mixing model uncertainty.

Published
2021

19. The relationship between membrane fatty acid content and mitochondrial efficiency differs within- and between- omega-3 dietary treatments

Author

Philippe Soudant, Emmanuel Dubillot, Margaux Mathieu-Resuge, Marie Vagner, Nicolas Graziano, Fabienne Le Grand, Karine Salin, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), WasserCluster Lunz, Interuniversity Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work is a contribution to the project ECONAT Axe 1 - Ressources Marines Littorales: qualité et éco-valorisation, funded by the Contrat de Plan Etat-Région and the CNRS and the European Regional Development Fund., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, acl, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ATP/O ratio, Aquatic Science, Mitochondrion, food quality, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Food chain, Nutrient, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), Animals, Humans, 14. Life underwater, Food science, Global change, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), global change, Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Chemistry, Consumer, Chelon auratus, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Fatty Acids, Fatty acid, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Eicosapentaenoic acid, Diet, Mitochondria, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, 13. Climate action, Docosahexaenoic acid, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Golden grey mullet, Food quality
Abstract

International audience; An important, but underappreciated, consequence of climate change is the reduction in crucial nutrient production at the base of the marine food chain: the long-chain omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA). This can have dramatic consequences on consumers, such as fish as they have limited capacity to synthesise n-3 HUFA de novo. The n-3 HUFA, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), are critical for the structure and function of all biological membranes. There is increasing evidence that fish will be badly affected by reductions in n-3 HUFA dietary availability, however the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Hypotheses for how mitochondrial function should change with dietary n-3 HUFA availability have generally ignored ATP production, despite its importance to a cell's total energetics capacity, and in turn, whole-animal performance. Here we (i) quantified individual variation in mitochondrial efficiency (ATP/O ratio) of muscle and (ii) examined its relationship with content in EPA and DHA in muscle membrane of a primary consumer fish, the golden grey mullet Chelon auratus, receiving either a high or low n-3 HUFA diet. Mitochondria of fish fed on the low n-3 HUFA diet had higher ATP/O ratio than those of fish maintained on the high n-3 HUFA diet. Yet, mitochondrial efficiency varied up about 2-fold among individuals on the same dietary treatment, resulting in some fish consuming half the oxygen and energy substrate to produce the similar amount of ATP than conspecific on similar diet. This variation in mitochondrial efficiency among individuals from the same diet treatment was related to individual differences in fatty acid composition of the membranes: a high ATP/O ratio was associated with a high content in EPA and DHA in biological membranes. Our results highlight the existence of interindividual differences in mitochondrial efficiency and its potential importance in explaining intraspecific variation in response to food chain changes.

Published
2020

20. Benefit-risk associated with the consumption of fish bycatch from tropical tuna fisheries

Author

Rona Arrisol, Antoine Bideau, Emmanuel Chassot, François Le Loc'h, Nathalie Bodin, Fany Sardenne, Marisa Antha, Jean-Marie Munaron, Anaïs Médieu, Fabienne Le Grand, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Seychelles Fishing Authority (SFA) (SFA), Université des Seychelles, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Pelagic fish, Hazard quotient, Western Indian ocean, selenium, Child, trace-elements, Fishes, health, General Medicine, Pollution, Eicosapentaenoic acid, methyl mercury, Docosahexaenoic acid, Child, Preschool, IRD, Adult, Fisheries, chemistry.chemical_element, Biology, Diversity of fish, long-chain, Risk Assessment, Animals, Humans, 14. Life underwater, UBO, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, ciguatera, Tuna, ACL, toxicity, Pelagic zone, food security, Mercury, Contaminant, essential fatty-acids, Mercury (element), Bycatch, Fishery, chemistry, Seafood, DISCOVERY, mercury concentrations, Sharks, Polyunsaturated fatty acids, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

WOS:000593966600014; International audience; Mercury, omega-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA) and macronutrients (fat and proteins) were quantified on a wet weight (ww) basis in 20 species of fish taken as bycatch in tropical tuna fisheries. Based on a hazard quotient taking into account mercury and omega-3 contents, a benefit-risk assessment for the consumption of these pelagic species was conducted for three people categories: young children, children and adults. All fish bycatch were found to be an excellent source of proteins (min -max = 14.4-25.2 g/100 g fillet), had low omega-6/omega-3 ratios (\textless1, except for silky shark), and had mercury content below the safety limits defined by sanitary agencies. Silky shark and Istiophoridae had the highest mercury contents (min -max = 0.029-0.317 ppm ww). Omega-3 contents were the lowest in silky shark (0.2 0.2 mg/100 g fillet) and the highest in striped marlin (3.6 +/- 3.2 g/ 100 g fillet). Billfishes (Istiophoridae, including striped marlin), minor tunas (Scombridae), and Carangidae had the highest omega-3 contents (min -max = 0.68-7.28 g/100 g fillet). The highest hazard quotient values obtained for silky shark and great barracuda reflected a lower nutritional benefit (i.e., low omega-3 source) than risk (i.e., mercury exposure), making them not advisable for consumption. Eight species had low hazard quotients, and among them cottonmouth jack and flat needlefish were found of high health interest (high protein, moderate fat contents, and low omega-6/omega-3 ratio). A daily serving portion of 85-200 g (according to people category) can be recommended for these species. Batfish, and to a lower extent pompano dolphinfish and brassy chub, can also be consumed safely and would provide greater health benefits than risks. These results advocate for a better access of these species to local populations. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2020

21. Study of Synthesis Pathways of the Essential Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid 20:5n-3 in the Diatom Chaetoceros Muelleri Using 13C-Isotope Labeling

Author

Nelly Le Goïc, Ai Ning Loh, Philippe Miner, Aswani K. Volety, Antoine Bideau, Philippe Soudant, Rudolph Corvaisier, Frédéric Planchon, Elodie Fleury, Marine Remize, Fabienne Le Grand, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of North Carolina [Wilmington] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Elon University [NC, USA], This research was funded by the Universitéde Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) and Center for MarineSciences (CMS) at the University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW), the Interdisciplinary School for the BluePlanet (ISblue) and the Walter-Zellidja grant of the Académie Française., ANR-17-EURE-0015,ISBlue,Interdisciplinary Graduate School for the Blue planet(2017), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Chaetoceros muelleri, lcsh:QR1-502, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, lcsh:Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 20:5n-3 (EPA), Chaetoceros muelleri, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, biology, Isotope, Acl, Fatty acid, Polar lipids, biology.organism_classification, diatom, 5n-3 (EPA) [20], synthesis pathway, Neutral lipid, Diatom, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, chemistry, acyl-editing mechanism, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, compound-specific isotope analysis, 20:5n-3 (EPA), 010606 plant biology & botany, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Abstract

The present study sought to characterize the synthesis pathways producing the essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) 20:5n-3 (EPA). For this, the incorporation of 13C was experimentally monitored into 10 fatty acids (FA) during the growth of the diatom Chaetoceros muelleri for 24 h. Chaetoceros muelleri preferentially and quickly incorporated 13C into C18 PUFAs such as 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-6 as well as 16:0 and 16:1n-7, which were thus highly 13C-enriched. During the experiment, 20:5n-3 and 16:3n-4 were among the least-enriched fatty acids. The calculation of the enrichment percentage ratio of a fatty acid B over its suspected precursor A allowed us to suggest that the diatom produced 20:5n-3 (EPA) by a combination between the n-3 (via 18:4n-3) and n-6 (via 18:3n-6 and 20:4n-6) synthesis pathways as well as the alternative &omega, 3 desaturase pathway (via 20:4n-6). In addition, as FA from polar lipids were generally more enriched in 13C than FA from neutral lipids, particularly for 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-6, the existence of acyl-editing mechanisms and connectivity between polar and neutral lipid fatty acid pools were also hypothesized. Because 16:3n-4 and 20:5n-3 presented the same concentration and enrichment dynamics, a structural and metabolic link was proposed between these two PUFAs in C. muelleri.

Published
2020

22. Trophic niche of the invasive gregarious species Crepidula fornicata , in relation to ontogenic changes

Author

Cédric Hubas, Thibault Androuin, Fabienne Le Grand, Gwendoline Lefebvre, Gauthier Schaal, Stanislas F. Dubois, Antoine Carlier, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Station de Biologie Marine de Concarneau, Direction générale déléguée à la Recherche, à l’Expertise, à la Valorisation et à l’Enseignement-Formation (DGD.REVE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), and Université de Brest (UBO)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, pigments, Zoology, stable isotopes, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, fatty acids, Sedimentary organic matter, Organic matter, 14. Life underwater, Crepidula, Crepidula fornicata, Trophic level, chemistry.chemical_classification, Biomass (ecology), biology, Primary producers, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ontogenic shift, Bay of Brest, Pelagic zone, biology.organism_classification, trophic niche, chemistry, Benthic zone, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

PCI Recommendation : Trophic niche of the invasive gregarious species Crepidula fornicata, in relation to ontogenic changesThibault Androuin, Stanislas F. Dubois, Cédric Hubas, Gwendoline Lefebvre, Fabienne Le Grand, Gauthier Schaal, Antoine Carlier(2021), bioRxiv, 2020.07.30.229021, ver. 4 peer-reviewed and recommended by Peer Community In Ecology10.1101/2020.07.30.229021; International audience; The slipper limpet Crepidula fornicata is a common and widespread invasive gregarious species along the European coast. Among its life-history traits, well documented ontogenic changes in behavior (i.e., motile male to sessile female) suggests a potential shift in feeding strategy across its life stages. Considering the ecological significance of this species in colonized areas, understanding how conspecifics share the trophic resource is crucial. Using fatty acids (FA) and stable isotopes (SI) as complementary trophic markers, we conducted a field survey between late winter and spring to investigate the trophic niche of three ontogenic stages of C. fornicata that bear different sexual (male/female) and motility (motile/sessile) traits. Potential trophic sources were characterized by their pigment, FA and SI compositions and discriminated well over the study period. We showed that the biofilm covering C. fornicata shells harbored a higher biomass of primary producers (i.e., chlorophytes and diatoms) than the surrounding sediment surface. Over the study period, we observed a covariation between the three ontogenic stages for both FA and SI compositions which suggest that the trophic niche of C. fornicata does not change significantly across its benthic life. During periods of low food availability, slipper limpets displayed an opportunistic suspension-feeding behaviour, relying on both fresh and detrital organic matter, likely coming from superficial sedimentary organic matter. During high food availability (i.e., spring phytoplankton bloom), all ontogenic stages largely benefited from this fresh supply of organic matter (pelagic diatoms in this case). However, the three ontogenic stages showed consistent differences in FA composition, and to a lesser extent in SI composition. These differences persist over time, as they originate more likely from ontogenic physiological changes (e.g., differential growth rates, metabolic rate or gametogenesis) rather than diet discrepancies.

Published
2020

23. Trophic ecology influence on metal bioaccumulation in marine fish: Inference from stable isotope and fatty acid analyses

Author

Régis Gallon, Eric Machu, Raymond Laë, Jean-Marie Munaron, Luis Tito de Morais, Gauthier Schaal, François Le Loc'h, Gaël Le Croizier, Marie-Laure Rouget, Fabienne Le Grand, Massal Fall, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles [Dakar] (ISRA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-CEPL-0005,ÉPURE,Éléments trace métalliques Perturbations climatiques Upwelling et REssources(2011), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Food Chain, Environmental Engineering, Tropical fish, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemical tracers, Isotopes, Species Specificity, Contamination, senegal, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, Trace metal, 14. Life underwater, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, Trace elements, Ecology, Stable isotope ratio, Muscles, ACL, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Fatty Acids, Fishes, Trace element, Pelagic zone, Plankton, Pollution, Senegal, Food web, Diet, Liver, Metals, Bioaccumulation, Environmental chemistry, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, diet, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; The link between trophic ecology and metal accumulation in marine fish species was investigated through a multi-tracers approach combining fatty acid (FA) and stable isotope (SI) analyses on fish from two contrasted sites on the coast of Senegal, one subjected to anthropogenic metal effluents and another one less impacted. The concentrations of thirteen trace metal elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, U, and Zn) were measured in fish liver. Individuals from each site were classified into three distinct groups according to their liver FA and muscle SI compositions. Trace element concentrations were tested between groups revealing that bioaccumulation of several metals was clearly dependent on the trophic guild of fish. Furthermore, correlations between individual trophic markers and trace metals gave new insights into the determination of their origin. Fatty acids revealed relationships between the dietary regimes and metal accumulation that were not detected with stable isotopes, possibly due to the trace metal elements analysed in this study. In the region exposed to metallic inputs, the consumption of benthic preys was the main pathway for metal transfer to the fish community while in the unaffected one, pelagic preys represented the main source of metals. Within pelagic sources, metallic transfer to fish depended on phytoplankton taxa on which the food web was based, suggesting that microphytoplankton (i.e., diatoms and dinoflagellates) were a more important source of exposition than nano- and picoplankton. This study confirmed the influence of diet in the metal accumulation of marine fish communities, and proved that FAs are very useful and complementary tools to SIs to link metal accumulation in fish with their trophic ecology.

Published
2016

24. Impact of nine macroalgal diets on growth and initial reproductive investment in juvenile abalone Haliotis tuberculata

Author

Sabine Roussel, Catherine Leblanc, Nelly Le Goïc, Claire Caralp, Fabienne Le Grand, Sylvain Huchette, Valérie Stiger-Pouvreau, Céline Coulombet, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scea France Haliotis, Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins (LBI2M), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-BTBR-0004,IDEALG,Biotechnologies pour la valorisation des macroalgues(2010), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)

Subjects
food.ingredient, Abalone, Algae, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Growth, Aquatic Science, Saccharina latissima, 03 medical and health sciences, Animal science, food, 14. Life underwater, Haliotis, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, biology, Saccorhiza polyschides, ACL, Reproduction, Protein, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, Laminaria digitata, Laminaria hyperborea, Palmaria palmata, 040102 fisheries, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; The commercial culture of Haliotis tuberculata has recently started in Europe. As abalone is herbivorous, the use of local collected algae as feed may appear advantageous. The nutritional value of eight monospecific seaweed diets was studied using Palmaria palmata (Rhodophyta), filamentous algae, mainly Gracilaria sp. (Rhodophyta), Enteromorpha sp. and Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta), together with Saccharina latissima, Saccorhiza polyschides, Laminaria digitata and Laminaria hyperborea (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae) and a mixed macroalgal diet. An integrative approach consisted in monitoring the seasonal composition changes of these algae in terms of protein, lipid, soluble carbohydrate, fatty acid and amino-acid contents, and to relate it to seasonal growth and reproduction investment during a large-scale experiment. Abalone and algae were studied for one year in commercial sea-cage structures. Abalone fed with monospecific diet using either P. palmata or S. latissima, and with mixed diet presented the best growth rate, muscle ratio and gonad development. Seasonal daily weight gain was mainly associated with n-3/n-6 ratio, soluble carbohydrate content and total protein content. In term of amino-acid contents, the daily weight gain was associated with free phenylalanine as well as isoleucine levels. Moreover, 90% of 2-years old abalone started gonad development but less than a quarter featured a fully matured gonad. The gonad development of H. tuberculata was mostly associated to total valine, methionine, leucine, arginine and isoleucine levels. The age of initial sexual maturity in H. tuberculata turned to be a highly plastic trait in response to different growth rates and algal diets. Even if P. palmata is the best option for growth performance, mixed diets should probably be preferred to a monospecific diet in order to avoid too high pressure on a single algal resource.

Published
2019

25. Nanoplastics exposure modulate lipid and pigment compositions in diatoms

Author

Ika Paul-Pont, Arnaud Huvet, Fabienne Le Grand, Philippe Soudant, Carmen González-Fernández, Antoine Bideau, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Murcia, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)

Subjects
Pigments, Aquatic Organisms, microplastics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, CNRS, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Membrane lipids, panorama, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Thylakoids, phaeodactylum-tricornutum, Pigment, Algae, membrane, UBO, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, particles, Diatoms, biology, Chemistry, ACL, microalgae, polystyrene nanoparticles, Lipid composition, marine, toxicity, Galactolipids, plastic nanoparticles, General Medicine, fatty-acids, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Lipids, Diatom, Biochemistry, 13. Climate action, Photoprotection, visual_art, Thylakoid, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Polystyrenes, Composition (visual arts), Nanoplastics, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ifremer
Abstract

WOS:000533524300107; The impact of nanoplastics (NP) using model polystyrene nanoparticles amine functionalized (PS-NH2) has been investigated on pigment and lipid compositions of the marine diatom Chaetoceros neogracile, at two growth phases using a low (0.05 mu g mL(-1)) and a high (5 mu g mL(-1)) concentrations for 96 h. Results evidenced an impact on pigment composition associated to the light-harvesting function and photo-protection mainly at exponential phase. NP also impacted lipid composition of diatoms with a readjustment of lipid classes and fatty acids noteworthy. Main changes upon NP exposure were observed in galactolipids and triacylglycerol's at both growth phases affecting the thylakoids membrane structure and cellular energy reserve of diatoms. Particularly, exponential cultures exposed to high NP concentration showed an impairment of long chain fatty acids synthesis. Changes in pigment and lipid content of diatom' cells revealed that algae physiology is determinant in the way cells adjust their thylakoid membrane composition to cope with NP contamination stress. Compositions of reserve and membrane lipids are proposed as sensitive markers to assess the impact of NP exposure, including at potential predicted environmental doses, on marine organisms. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2019

26. Different particle sources in a bivalve species of a coastal lagoon: evidence from stable isotopes, fatty acids, and compound-specific stable isotopes

Author

Martin J. Kainz, Salvador E. Lluch-Cota, Rosa García, Rudolph Corvaisier, Margaux Mathieu-Resuge, Fabienne Le Grand, Edouard Kraffe, Oanez Lebeau, Gauthier Schaal, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste [Mexico] (CONACYT-CIBNOR), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico] (CONACYT), LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean (2010), ANR-10-LABX-0019,LabexMER,LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean(2010), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Ecology, δ13C, Stable isotope ratio, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Sediment, Aquatic Science, Biology, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Spondylus, Abundance (ecology), 14. Life underwater, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Bay, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Isotope analysis, Trophic level
Abstract

International audience; The trophic fate of various food sources is of central interest for ecologists, yet not well understood in coastal lagoon food webs. In this field study, fatty acids (FA), stable isotopes (SI), and compound-specific isotopic analysis (CSIA) on FA were used to investigate how diets from oceanic and local sources are retained in a bivalve species (Spondylus crassisquama; Lamarck 1819) along a transect in the Ojo de Liebre lagoon (BCS, Mexico). Results from SI and FA indicated the contribution of oceanic diatoms at the entrance of the lagoon, through 15N enrichment, and higher proportions of 16:1n-7 and 20:5n-3 in digestive glands. In the inner bay, higher abundance of 18-carbon FA (18:1n-9, 18:3n-3, 18:4n-3) suggested a higher contribution of microheterotrophs, including (dino)flagellates and ciliates, to the diet of this bivalve derived from local production. Significant spatial differences for the δ13C of FA highlighted changes in the origin of food sources. Indeed, a 13C depletion was observed in the δ13C of heterotrophic flagellates biomarkers in individuals from the innermost station, revealing that their origin in the diet of bivalves differs within the lagoon, highlighting the importance of local processes (sediment resuspension, remineralization) in the trophic functioning of the lagoon. The δ13C values of FA considered as diatoms biomarkers (16:1n-7 and 20:5n-3) were consistent, which suggests that diatoms assimilated have very similar origins throughout the lagoon. The complementary of the tracers used here allowed for a better understanding of the trophic functioning of this coastal lagoon submitted to oceanic influences.

Published
2019

27. Trophic ecology of suspension-feeding bivalves inhabiting a north-eastern Pacific coastal lagoon: Comparison of different biomarkers

Author

Andy Boens, Antoine Bideau, Ilie S. Racotta, Fabienne Le Grand, Salvador E. Lluch-Cota, Gauthier Schaal, Edouard Kraffe, Margaux Mathieu-Resuge, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste [Mexico] (CONACYT-CIBNOR), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico] (CONACYT), ANR-10-LABX-0019,LabexMER,LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean(2010), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Food Chain, seagrass, Oceans and Seas, sterols, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Coastal zone, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, food-web, Animals, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Fatty acids, Transect, Mexico, organic-matter, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Trophic level, biology, Ecology, stable-isotope ratios, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, carbon, lipid-composition, Multi-tracer analyses, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Food web, Bivalvia, Stables isotopes, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Sterols, scallop, Spondylus, Seagrass, Spatial ecology, Zostera marina, Ojo de liebre, zostera-marina, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, fatty-acid, Biomarkers, Suspension-feeders
Abstract

WOS:000463281500015; International audience; Understanding the nature and origins of food sources supporting coastal lagoon-inhabiting organisms is necessary to evaluate the ecological status of such ecosystems. The trophic ecology of a bivalve species Spondylus crassisquama was studied in the Ojo de Liebre lagoon (Baja California, Mexico), combining stable isotope (SI), fatty acid (FA) and sterol analyses along a transect under oceanic influences. The second objective of the study was to investigate if sterol compositions give complementary information to those obtained from FA and SI. Temporal and spatial patterns of the three biomarkers in bivalve tissues suggest oceanic inputs at the mouth of the lagoon, while the inner station was characterized by a contribution of local sources including an important role of micro heterotrophs. This study revealed that the association of lipid biomarkers provide higher taxonomic resolution of the spatiotemporal heterogeneity in nutrient sources influencing the trophic functioning of a large coastal lagoon.

Published
2019

28. Seasonal habitat and length influence on the trophic niche of co-occurring tropical tunas in the eastern Atlantic Ocean

Author

Fany Sardenne, Lydie I. E. Couturier, Nathalie Bodin, N’Guessan Constance Diaha, Monin Justin Amandé, Iker Zudaire, Fabienne Le Grand, Luisa Metral, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches Océanologiques [Abidjan] (CRO), Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Seychelles Fishing Authority (SFA) (SFA), Université des Seychelles, ANR-10-LABX-0019,LabexMER,LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean(2010), European Project: 609102,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-COFUND,PRESTIGE(2014), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Yellowfin tuna, Bigeye tuna, stable isotopes, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Aquatic Science, Biology, niche overlap, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Vinciguerria nimbaria, fatty acids, WESTERN, YELLOWFIN TUNA, Co occurring, VINCIGUERRIA-NIMBARIA, VERTICAL MOVEMENTS, PACIFIC-OCEAN, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Apex predator, TOP PREDATORS, THUNNUS-ALBACARES, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, BIGEYE TUNA, biology.organism_classification, Fishery, pelagic predators, Habitat, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, body condition, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Trophic niche, human activities, Thunnus, LIPIDS
Abstract

International audience; In the Gulf of Guinea, bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus; BET) and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares; YFT) are an important part of commercial fisheries and play a prominent ecological role as top predators. Using fatty acid profiles and carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes, we examined their trophic niche partitioning in this understudied region. Trophic niche overlap was high (> 70%), similar to percentages in other ocean basins. BET occupied a higher trophic position than YFT and fed on deeper prey (high delta N-15 values and high proportions of monounsaturated fatty acids). The trophic position of YFT decreased slightly in the last 15 years (delta N-15 values decreased by similar to 0.5 parts per thousand), suggesting a change in epipelagic communities, as observed in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Ontogenic changes were limited to BET. For both species, the dietary proportion of the diatom marker 20:5(n-3) increased in the seasonal upwelling area, highlighting the influence of seasonal habitat on the diet of tuna. The relatively lipid-rich muscle (similar to 6% dry mass) of Atlantic tropical tuna suggests a richer diet in this region than that of Indian Ocean tropical tuna and (or) differences in energy allocation strategies.

Published
2019

29. Fatty acid isotopic fractionation in the diatom Chaetoceros muelleri

Author

Marine Remize, Ai Ning Loh, Antoine Bideau, Margaux Mathieu-Resuge, Rudolph Corvaisier, Frédéric Planchon, Fabienne Le Grand, Aswani K. Volety, Philippe Soudant, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of North Carolina [Wilmington] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), WasserCluster Lunz, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, (BOKU) and Competence Centre Wood K plus, Elon University [NC, USA], Interdisciplinary Graduate School for the Blue planet, ANR-17-EURE-0015,ISBlue,Interdisciplinary Graduate School for the Blue planet(2017), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Fractionation, Chaetoceros muelleri, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Algae, Dissolved organic carbon, Photosynthesis, Stable isotopes, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, δ13C, biology, Fatty acid, biology.organism_classification, chemistry, Fatty acid synthesis, 13. Climate action, Isotopes of carbon, Environmental chemistry, Phytoplankton, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Agronomy and Crop Science, Carbon, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Abstract

International audience; Carbon isotopic fractionation was studied during the development of the diatom Chaetoceros muelleri grown in batch culture with 13C-depleted CO2 addition. Cellular and growth parameters and isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon and particulate organic carbon were monitored every two days, while the content and isotopic composition of individual fatty acid in polar lipid and neutral lipid were measured on the 5th day (end of exponential phase), 10th and 14th days (stationary phase). Continuous addition of petrochemical CO2 to the algae led to a rapid and strong modification of dissolved inorganic carbon isotopic composition with cascading effects on particulate organic carbon and fatty acid isotopic compositions. Carbon isotope fractionation in Chaetoceros muelleri ranged from 17‰ to 25‰ and changed according to culture ages. Isotopic fractionation into fatty acids, overall, was similar between polar and neutral lipids, and was systematically higher than in particulate organic carbon. At the end of the exponential growth phase, the isotopic composition of individual fatty acids varied from −51.3‰ to −58.4‰. At this culture age, large differences in the isotopic compositions between fatty acids were observed. Polyunsaturated fatty acids such as 16:3n-4, 18:4n-3, and 20:5n-3 were more strongly 13C-depleted than other fatty acids such as 14:0, 16:0, 16:1n-7 or 18:1n-9. These results showed how isotopic effects occur during the desaturation and elongation phases. Such isotopic effects were also supported by the lower δ13C of averaged δ13C of saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids as compared to those of polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, during the stationary phase, fatty acid isotopic compositions were less variable and closer to particulate organic carbon, while saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were more depleted than polyunsaturated fatty acids. Our study underlined the importance of consideration of phytoplankton physiological status when conducting ecological and biogeochemical studies as they appeared to strongly control phytoplankton carbon isotopic composition.

Published
2021

30. Development of a screening procedure for the characterization of Botryococcus braunii strains for biofuel application

Author

Olivier Gonçalves, Jeremy Pruvost, Jack Legrand, Benjamin Moutel, Marc Long, Dominique Grizeau, Philippe Soudant, Fabienne Le Grand, Bioprocédés Appliqués aux Microalgues (GEPEA-BAM), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-12-BIME-0001,DIESALG,Production de biodiesel par microalgues(2012), Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, limited growth, Botryococcus, Biomass, Bioengineering, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Biochemistry, EOSS photobioreactor, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 03 medical and health sciences, green-alga, Biofuel, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Oil content, Botryococcus braunii, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chromatography, biology, Strain (chemistry), Chemistry, ACL, microalgae, High-performance thin layer chromatography, Continuous mode, Lipid chemotyping, fatty-acids, Polar lipids, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, hydrocarbon production
Abstract

International audience; An integrated screening approach was developed to assess the potential of the Botryococcus genus for the production of lipids for biofuel application (hydrocarbons and triacylglycerols). The strategy developed in this study permitted to rigorously measure mandatory parameters for the determination of strain performance – i.e. growth rate and oil content. For that purpose, mini-photobioreactors run in parallel were used together with an exhaustive lipid class analysis. The quantitative productivity measurements indicated that the ten screened strains presented very different patterns in the conditions of PBR culture, firstly run in batch, and secondly in continuous mode. Indeed, with the applied setup, only four strains presented biomass productivities close to that previously measured for the reference strain 807/1 (between 74 and 307 mg L−1 day−1 of biomass for the tested strains). HC productivity obtained under continuous light (∼14 mg L−1 day−1) was close to that measured for the strain 807/1 (∼20 mg L−1 day−1), confirming B. braunii tested strains potential for biofuel application. The analysis of the lipid chemodiversity revealed moreover that this genus should be further investigated for its polar lipids, as it suggests potential pharmaceutical applications such as production of antitumorals or immunosuppressors.

Published
2016

31. Identification of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Synthesis Pathways in the Toxic Dinophyte Alexandrium minutum Using 13C-Labelling

Author

Christophe Lambert, Aswani K. Volety, Fabienne Le Grand, Adeline Bidault, Marine Remize, Philippe Soudant, Ai Ning Loh, Antoine Bideau, Rudolph Corvaisier, Frédéric Planchon, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of North Carolina [Wilmington] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Elon University [NC, USA], ANR-17-EURE-0015,ISBlue,Interdisciplinary Graduate School for the Blue planet(2017), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Alexandrium minutum, PKS pathway, lcsh:QR1-502, 22:6n-3, Dinophyte, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, lcsh:Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, PUFA synthesis, Labelling, Polyketide synthase, Molecular Biology, Fatty acid synthesis, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, biology, ACL, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 6n-3 [22], Polar lipids, DHA, encystment, chemistry, biology.protein, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Abstract

The synthetic pathways responsible for the production of the polyunsaturated fatty acids 22:6n-3 and 20:5n-3 were studied in the Dinophyte Alexandrium minutum. The purpose of this work was to follow the progressive incorporation of an isotopic label (13CO2) into 11 fatty acids to better understand the fatty acid synthesis pathways in A. minutum. The Dinophyte growth was monitored for 54 hours using high-frequency sampling. A. minutum presented a growth in two phases. A lag phase was observed during the first 30 hours of development and had been associated with the probable temporary encystment of Dinophyte cells. An exponential growth phase was then observed after t30. A. minutum rapidly incorporated 13C into 22:6n-3, which ended up being the most 13C-enriched polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in this experiment, with a higher 13C atomic enrichment than 18:4n-3, 18:5n-3, 20:5n-3, and 22:5n-3. Overall, the 13C atomic enrichment (AE) was inversely proportional to number of carbons in n-3 PUFA. C18 PUFAs, 18:4n-3, and 18:5n-3, were indeed among the least 13C-enriched FAs during this experiment. They were assumed to be produced by the n-3 PUFA pathway. However, they could not be further elongated or desaturated to produce n-3 C20-C22 PUFA, because the AEs of the n-3 C18 PUFAs were lower than those of the n-3 C20-C22 PUFAs. Thus, the especially high atomic enrichment of 22:6n-3 (55.8% and 54.9% in neutral lipids (NLs) and polar lipids (PLs), respectively) led us to hypothesize that this major PUFA was synthesized by an O2-independent Polyketide Synthase (PKS) pathway. Another parallel PKS, independent of the one leading to 22:6n-3, was also supposed to produce 20:5n-3. The inverse order of the 13C atomic enrichment for n-3 PUFAs was also suspected to be related to the possible &beta, oxidation of long-chain n-3 PUFAs occurring during A. minutum encystment.

Published
2020

32. Assimilation of shrimp farm sediment by Holothuria scabra: a coupled fatty acid and stable isotope approach

Author

Edouard Kraffe, Yves Letourneur, Margaux Mathieu-Resuge, Anne Lorrain, Julie Benoit, Hugues Lemonnier, Sébastien Hochard, Fabienne Le Grand, Gauthier Schaal, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Agence de Développement Economique de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, This research was financed by the ZONECO program of New Caledonia and the Ministry of Overseas Territories (Ministere de l'Outre Mer). We thankFlorence Royer and Morgane Hubert for their helpful participation in the sample acquisition and preparation. The LIPIDOCEAN analytical facility (University of Western Brittany, France) is acknowledged for hosting all fatty acids analyses., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], stable isotopes, shrimp-farming, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Holothuria scabra, Shrimp farming, Nutrient, Fish meal, Aquaculture, Sedimentary organic matter, Organic matter, 14. Life underwater, Fatty acids, Holothurid, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, business.industry, ACL, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, rotational co-culture, Shrimp, Agronomy, chemistry, 040102 fisheries, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract

Deposit-feeding sea cucumbers are efficient nutrient recyclers and have the potential to contribute to the limitation of organic matter load in polyculture or integrated aquaculture systems. Assessing how they assimilate organic matter originating from other farmed species is therefore important for the development of such multi-species farming systems. Here, a coupled stable isotope − fatty acid approach was used to characterize the assimilation of organic matter from shrimp (Penaeus stylirostris) farming by Holothuria scabra in an experimental culture system. H. scabra were reared in mesocosms on shrimp farming-originating sediment with and without additional food sources (maize and fish meals). Although fatty acid results did indicate that shrimp-farming sediment was assimilated by holothurids, we found no evidence of maize waste and fish meal contribution to H. scabra organic carbon (no effect on δ13C, no accumulation of meal-specific fatty acids). However, a strong effect of fish meal on H. scabra δ15N was observed, suggesting that this additional food source could represent an alternative source of nitrogen for holothurids. Finally, this study supports the culture of H. scabra as a perspective to reduce sedimentary organic matter excess associated with shrimp farms, and suggest that the addition of selected food sources might contribute to increasing the content in some nitrogen organic compounds in holothurid tissues.

Published
2020

33. Allelochemicals from Alexandrium minutum induce rapid inhibition of metabolism and modify the membranes from Chaetoceros muelleri

Author

Hélène Hégaret, Philippe Soudant, Géraldine Sarthou, Kevin Tallec, Dianne F. Jolley, Anne Donval, Christophe Lambert, Marc Long, Fabienne Le Grand, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), ANR-13-CESA-0019,ACCUTOX,De la caractérisation des déterminants de l'accumulation des toxines paralysantes (PST) chez l'huître (Crassostrea gigas) au risque sanitaire pour l'homme dans son contexte sociétal(2013), ANR-10-LABX-0019,LabexMER,LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean(2010), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Pigments, Photoinhibition, Photosystem II, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Population, Alexandrium, Photosynthesis, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, 14. Life underwater, education, Allelopathy, education.field_of_study, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, biology, Chemistry, ACL, Dinoflagellate, Metabolism, biology.organism_classification, Lipids, Enzyme assay, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, 030104 developmental biology, Biochemistry, [SDV.SA.STP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of fishery, biology.protein, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Agronomy and Crop Science, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

International audience; Allelochemical interactions are likely to be a contributing factor explaining the success of large blooms of the harmful marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium, however, the physiological mechanisms of allelochemical interactions remain poorly described. Here we investigated the sub-lethal effects (on an hourly scale) of a filtrate containing allelochemicals from Alexandrium minutum on the physiology of the common diatom Chaetoceros muelleri. The filtrate induced deleterious effects to the diatom physiology within only 30 min of exposure. Esterase activity and photosynthesis were drastically inhibited, with up to 34% of the population being metabolically inactive and up to 30% reduction in photosystem II quantum yield when exposed to the filtrate. In addition, intracellular reactive oxygen species increased by 26% in response to allelochemical exposure. C. muelleri pigment and lipid analyses indicated that the photosystem II was inhibited, with photoinhibition-like responses (activation of xanthophyll cycles, and changes in associated lipids) upregulated to mitigate the toxic effects of allelochemicals. Changes in the proportions of membrane lipid classes and increased membrane fatty acids saturation by 9% may be an attempt to maintain membrane integrity and associated enzyme activity, or could be the result of deleterious effects on membranes. An 8% decrease in cellular storage lipids (triglycerides) revealed a mobilization of energy suggesting an energetic cost for the diatom to counteract the allelochemical effects. We hypothesize that the rapid alteration of physiological functions such as photosynthesis and some enzymatic activities may result from direct damage on external membranes. Overall this study describes the sub-lethal mechanisms and provides useful biomarkers to understand the role of allelochemical interactions and associated ecological processes in structuring plankton communities.

Published
2018

34. A rapid quantitative fluorescence-based bioassay to study allelochemical interactions from Alexandrium minutum

Author

Hélène Hégaret, Dianne F. Jolley, Géraldine Sarthou, Philippe Soudant, Christophe Lambert, Marc Long, Kevin Tallec, Fabienne Le Grand, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), ANR-13-CESA-0019,ACCUTOX,De la caractérisation des déterminants de l'accumulation des toxines paralysantes (PST) chez l'huître (Crassostrea gigas) au risque sanitaire pour l'homme dans son contexte sociétal(2013), ANR-10-LABX-0019,LabexMER,LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean(2010), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Chlorophyll, 0106 biological sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Cytotoxicity, Alexandrium, PAM fluorometry, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Algal bloom, Pheromones, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Phytoplankton, Botany, medicine, Bioassay, Fluorometry, 14. Life underwater, Chlorophyll fluorescence, Allelopathy, Organism, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Diatoms, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, biology, Harmful algal bloom, ACL, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, General Medicine, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Shellfish poisoning, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Diatom, 13. Climate action, [SDV.SA.STP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of fishery, Dinoflagellida, Marine Toxins, Biological Assay, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Environmental Sciences, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

© 2018 Elsevier Ltd Harmful microalgal blooms are a threat to aquatic organisms, ecosystems and human health. Toxic dinoflagellates of the genus Alexandrium are known to produce paralytic shellfish toxins and to release bioactive extracellular compounds (BECs) with potent cytotoxic, hemolytic, ichtyotoxic and allelopathic activity. Negative allelochemical interactions refer to the chemicals that are released by the genus Alexandrium and that induce adverse effects on the physiology of co-occurring protists and predators. Releasing BECs gives the donor a competitive advantage that may help to form dense toxic blooms of phytoplankton. However BECs released by Alexandrium minutum are uncharacterized and it is impossible to quantify them using classical chemical methods. Allelochemical interactions are usually quantified through population growth inhibition or lytic-activity based bioassays using a secondary target organism. However these bioassays require time (for growth or microalgal counts) and/or are based on lethal effects. The use of pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry has been widely used to assess the impact of environmental stressors on phytoplankton but rarely for allelochemical interactions. Here we evaluated the use of PAM and propose a rapid chlorophyll fluorescence based bioassay to quantify allelochemical BECs released from Alexandrium minutum. We used the ubiquitous diatom Chaetoceros muelleri as a target species. The bioassay, based on sub-lethal effects, quantifies allelochemical activity from different samples (filtrates, extracts in seawater) within a short period of time (2 h). This rapid bioassay will help investigate the role of allelochemical interactions in Alexandrium bloom establishment. It will also further our understanding of the potential relationship between allelochemical activities and other cytotoxic activities from BECs. While this bioassay was developed for the species A. minutum, it may be applicable to other species producing allelochemicals and may provide further insights into the role and impact of allelochemical interactions in forming dense algal blooms and structuring marine ecosystems. The study proposes a new protocol that allows a fast and easy quantification of unknown bioactive extracellular compounds with cytotoxic activities.

Published
2018

35. Effects of extraction method and storage of dry tissue on marine lipids and fatty acids

Author

Blandine Brisset, Sylvain Bonhommeau, Antoine Bideau, Anaïs Crottier, Fany Sardenne, Jerome Bourjea, Nathalie Bodin, Tristan Rouyer, Luisa Metral, Claire Saraux, Serge Bernard, Fabienne Le Grand, Vincent Kerzérho, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Seychelles Fishing Authority (SFA) (SFA), Université des Seychelles, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Smart Integrated Electronic Systems (SmartIES), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Halieutique - Agrocampus Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Aquatic Organisms, 02 engineering and technology, Lipid class, Chemical Fractionation, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Degradation, Freeze-drying, Dry weight, Protocol, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, 14. Life underwater, Food science, Spectroscopy, Tropical Climate, Chemistry, ACL, 010401 analytical chemistry, Fatty Acids, Temperature, Marine animal, Replicate, Repeatability, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Lyophilization, 0104 chemical sciences, Dry storage, Freeze Drying, Lipid content, Extraction methods, Composition (visual arts), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], Tissue Preservation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; Various protocols are currently used to study marine lipids, but there is a growing interest in working on dry samples that are easier to transport. However, reference protocols are still lacking for dry samples. In order to make recommendations on this use, lipid classes and fatty acids (FA) obtained from six analytical protocols using two different tissue states (dry vs wet) and three extraction methods (automat vs manual potter vs leaving the solvent to work on tissue) were compared. Three dry storage modes of tissue (freezer vs gas nitrogen vs dry room) during one and three months were also compared. These comparisons were made on seven marine species with different lipid profiles, including fishes, crustaceans and mollusks. Lipid classes and FA obtained from wet and dry tissues were similar, but they were affected by the extraction methods. Regardless of tissue state, “Leave to work” methods obtained the highest lipid quantities, followed by manual potter and automat methods (ca. 90% and 80% of “Leave to work” methods, respectively). Linear relationships allowed correction for lipid classes and FA concentrations obtained from different protocols. The repeatability of all protocols still needs to be improved, especially for fish species. Increasing the replicate number for each sample might be an indirect way to improve lipid quantification. Our results show that storing dry tissues in the freezer for more than one month was associated with a decrease in lipids, which is also observed for other storage methods. For qualitative studies of FA (expressed in %), a three-month storage of dry tissue in freezer did not affect the relative composition of species/tissues with a lipid content below 20% of dry weight.

Published
2018

36. New insights into the seasonal feeding ecology of Pecten maximus using pigments, fatty acids and sterols analyses

Author

Anne Donval, Beatriz Beker, Philippe Soudant, Aude Leynaert, Sébastien Artigaud, Øivind Strand, Fabienne Le Grand, Fred Jean, Jonathan Flye-Sainte-Marie, Arnab Chatterjee, Tore Strohmeier, Romain Lavaud, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), ANR-09-BLAN-0335,CHIVAS,Chimie des valves de la coquille Saint-Jacques européenne, archives multiproxies de la dynamique phytoplanctonique(2009), ANR-10-STRA-0010,COMANCHE,Interactions écosystémiques et impacts anthropiques dans les populations de Coquilles St-Jacques de la Manche(2010), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Pigments, Zoology, Chlorophyceae, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Water column, Trophic ecology, Phytoplankton, Pecten maximus, 14. Life underwater, Food sources, Fatty acids, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Peridinin, chemistry, Trophic marker, Scallop, Seawater, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Dinophyceae
Abstract

International audience; We combined the use of pigments, fatty acids and sterols as biomarkers of the seasonal variation in food sources of the great scallop Pecten maximus. From March to October 2011, on a biweekly to twice-weekly basis, scallops and seawater from the water column and the water-sediment interface were collected in the Bay of Brest (Brittany, France). Pigment compositions in the seawater and in the stomach and rectum content of the scallops were analyzed by HPLC. Fatty acids and sterols from digestive gland (DG) tissue were analyzed by gas chromatography. Potential relationships between the temporal proportion of each marker in the environment and in the digestive tract were tested using multivariate analysis. Proportions of diatoms and Dinophyceae biomarkers alternated in the digestive tract of P. maximus. This switch of feeding was confirmed by the polar lipid composition of the DG. Peridinin, characterizing Dinophyceae, occurred in high proportions in the digestive tract compared to the low ambient concentration, suggesting a selection of this microalgae group by the scallop. Chlorophyceae and green macroalgae tracers were found in low proportions, suggesting they were not actually ingested. Markers of Prymnesiophyceae were also observed at significant levels. Cyanobacteria tracers showed that this microalgae class was not ingested by the scallops during monitoring but may be of higher importance during winter. Switching from one food source to another as well as selectivity in feeding are discussed relative to the season.

Published
2018

37. Dietary fatty acid composition and the homeostatic regulation of mitochondrial phospholipid classes in red muscle of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Author

Edouard Kraffe, Dominique P. Bureau, Helga Guderley, Nicolas Martin, Yanic Marty, and Fabienne Le Grand

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, medicine.medical_specialty, biology, Physiology, Dietary lipid, Phospholipid, Fatty acid, biology.organism_classification, Trout, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, chemistry, Phosphatidylcholine, Internal medicine, Genetics, medicine, Cardiolipin, Animal Science and Zoology, Rainbow trout, Composition (visual arts), 14. Life underwater, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Although dietary lipid quality markedly affects fatty acid (FA) composition of mitochondrial membranes from rainbow trout red muscle (Oncorhynchus mykiss), mitochondrial processes are relatively unchanged. As certain classes of phospholipids interact more intimately with membrane proteins than others, we examined whether specific phospholipid classes from these muscle mitochondria were more affected by dietary FA composition than others. To test this hypothesis, we fed trout with two diets differing only in their FA composition: Diet 1 had higher levels of 18:1n-9and18:2n-6thanDiet2,while22:6n-3and22:5n-6werevirtuallyabsentfromDiet1and high in Diet 2. After 5 months, trout fed Diet 2 had higher proportions of phosphatidylcholine (PC) andlessphosphatidylethanolamine(PE) inmitochondrialmembranesthanthosefedDiet 1.TheFA composition of PC, PE and cardiolipin (CL) showed clear evidence of regulated incorporation of dietary FA. For trout fed Diet 2, 22:6n-3 was the most abundant FA in PC, PE and CL. The n- 6F A were consistently higher in all phospholipid classes of trout fed Diet 1, with shorter n-6 FA being favoured in CL than in PC and PE. Despite these marked changes in individual FA levels with diet, general characteristics such as total polyunsaturated FA, total monounsaturated FA and total saturatedFAwereconservedinPEandCL,confirmingdifferentialregulationoftheFAcomposition of PC, PE and CL. The regulated changes of phospholipid classes presumably maintain critical membranecharacteristicsdespitevaryingnutritionalquality.Wepostulatethatthesechangesaim to protect mitochondrial function.J. Exp. Zool. 9999A: XX-XX, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. How to cite this article: Martin N, Kraffe E, Le Grand F, Marty Y, Bureau DP, Guderley H, 2014. Dietary fatty acid composition and the homeostatic regulation of mitochondrial phospholipid classes in red muscle of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J. Exp. Zool. 9999:1-12.

Published
2015

38. Contrasting patterns of energy metabolism in northern vs southern peripheral European flounder populations exposed to temperature rising and hypoxia

Author

Fabienne Le Grand, Nicolas Le Bayon, Vanessa F. Fonseca, Rita P. Vasconcelos, Jessy Le Du, Nicolas Pédron, José-Luis Zambonino-Infante, Grégory Charrier, Jean Laroche, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre [Portugal] (MARE), Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida (ISPA), ANR-10-LABX-0019,LabexMER,LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean(2010), Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Bioenergetics, Anabolism, Flounder, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Global change, education.field_of_study, adaptive divergence, Ecology, Temperature, Hypoxia (environmental), General Medicine, Pollution, chemical stress, intraspecific variation, climate-change, Interacting stressors, France, Estuaries, Environmental Monitoring, juvenile turbot, Population, Platichthys flesus, Aquatic Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Animal science, Stress, Physiological, Lactate dehydrogenase, Animals, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, EUROPEAN FLOUNDER, education, global change, Local adaptation, Thermal tolerance, Portugal, yellow perch, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, Aquatic animal, biology.organism_classification, gene-expression, platichthys-flesus l, chemistry, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Energy Metabolism
Abstract

WOS:000407981500023; A two months common garden experiment was carried out to explore the potential differences of energy metabolism in northern core (France, 50 degrees N and 47 degrees N)vs southern peripheral (Portugal, 41 degrees N) populations of European flounder Platichthys flesus, submitted to cold condition (CC: water temperature = 10 degrees C) and to warm and hypoxic condition (WHC: water temperature = 22 degrees C, and moderate hypoxia with O-2 saturation = 40% during the last 6 days). Convergent growth rates (in length) were observed in the different populations and conditions, when the southern peripheral population of Portugal did not grow under cold conditions. A general reduction in liver lipid storage was observed in all populations subjected to WHC when compared to CC, whereas muscle lipid storage was unaffected. The thermal and hypoxia treatment induced changes in muscle phospholipids (PL) ratios: phosphatidylserine/PL, phosphatidylinositol/PL, between northern and southern populations. Fish from northern estuaries displayed marked anaerobiosis in WHC (increased liver LDH activity) vs marked aerobiosis under CC (higher muscle CS and CCO activities). Contrariwise, fish from the southern estuary displayed equilibrium between anaerobiosis and aerobiosis activities in WHC. Flounders from the southern population exhibited generally lower G6PDH activity (proxy for anabolism and for defense against oxidative damage), tissue-specific anaerobiosis response (muscle LDH activity) and lower CS and CCO muscle activities (aerobiosis markers) when compared to northern populations. Globally, these inter-population differences in bioenergetics suggest that southern peripheral vs northern core populations have developed differential capacity to cope with interacting stressors and that much of this variation is more likely due to local adaptation.

Published
2017

39. Use of a lipid rich strain reveals mechanisms of nitrogen limitation and carbon partitioning in the haptophyte Tisochrysis lutea

Author

Matthieu Garnier, Jean-Paul Cadoret, Aurélie Charrier, Hélène Rogniaux, Ewa Lukomska, Nathalie Schreiber, Gaël Bougaran, Fabienne Le Grand, Marija Pavlović, Jean-Baptiste Bérard, Catherine Rouxel, Gregory Carrier, Bruno Saint-Jean, Physiologie et biotechnologie des Algues (PBA), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Systèmes Sous-Marins - IFREMER, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Angers (UA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INRA Plateforme BIBS, Unité de Recherche Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Algae, Nitrogen, proteomic [Reverse genomic], chemistry.chemical_element, Reverse genomic: proteomic, Carbon sequestration, 01 natural sciences, Haptophyte, lipids, 03 medical and health sciences, Botany, Isochrysis, algae, biology, ACL, Carbon sink, Metabolism, biology.organism_classification, Lipids, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, Agronomy and Crop Science, Carbon, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

00000; International audience; Haptophytes are a diverse monophyletic group with a worldwide distribution, known to be significantly involved in global climate regulation in their role as a carbon sink. Because nitrogen is a major limiting macronutrient for phytoplankton in oceans and for cultures of microalgae, understanding the involvement of nitrogen availability in haptophyte carbon partitioning is of global and biotechnological importance. Here, we made an ecophysiological study coupled with comprehensive large scale proteomic analysis to examine differences of behavior in reaction to nitrogen availability changes between a wild type strain of Tisochrysis lutea (WTc1) and a mutant strain (2Xc1) known to accumulate more storage lipids. Strains were grown in chemostats and studied under different ecophysiological conditions including N limitation, N repletion and N depletion. Whereas short time N repletion triggered consumption of carbohydrates in both strains, storage lipid degradation and accumulation during changes of ecophysiological status were recorded in 2Xc1 but not in WTc1. After 3 months of continuous culture, 2Xc1 exhibited an unexpected increase of carbon sequestration ability (+ 50%) by producing twofold more carbohydrates for the same nitrogen availability. Deep proteomic analysis by LC-MS/MS identified and compared the abundance of 4332 proteins, i.e. the deepest coverage of a microalgal proteome obtained to date. Results revealed that storage lipid accumulation is favored by an overall reorganization of carbon partitioning in 2Xc1 cells that increases the metabolism of carbon and energy acquisition, and decreases mitochondrial activity and metabolic conversion of storage lipids to phosphoenolpyruvate before gluconeogenesis.

Published
2016

40. Effect of diet quality on mussel biomarker responses to pollutants

Author

Ika Paul-Pont, Hélène Hégaret, Juan Bellas, Camille Lacroix, Fabienne Le Grand, Juan Antonio Campillo, Marina Albentosa, Lucía Viñas, Carmen González-Fernández, Philippe Soudant, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de documentation de recherche et d'expérimentations sur les pollutions accidentelles des eaux (Cedre), and Cedre

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Food quallity, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Monitoring programs, Superoxide dismutase, Toxicology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Monitoring Programs, E2, Toxicity Tests, Microalgae, Animals, Mussels, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, 14. Life underwater, Food science, Fluoranthene, Medio Marino, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, Pollutant, Diatoms, Fluorenes, biology, ACL, fungi, Mussel, Bivalvia, Diet, mussels, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Catalase, biology.protein, Dinoflagellida, Biomarker (medicine), [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Biomarkers, Food quality, Toxicant
Abstract

The effect of the quality of two microalgal species on select biological and biochemical responses usedas indicators of pollution were assessed. Mussels were conditioned for 6 weeks with the diatom Chaeto-ceros neogracile and the dinoflagellate Heterocapsa triquetra, chosen for being two clearly different typesof primary production quality that differ in both biometric and biochemical characteristics. After dietaryconditioning, the mussels were exposed to a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, fluoranthene (FLU), for1 week followed by 1 week of depuration. Results showed higher FLU accumulation in mussels fed onC. neogracile compared to those fed on H. triquetra. Concomitantly, a greater impact of this toxicant wasobserved in the biomarker responses of mussels fed on C. neogracile. These mussels showed an increase inthe percentage of dead hemocytes, an activation of phagocytosis and ROS production of hemocytes afterexposure. Some enzymatic activities also increased upon FLU exposure (superoxide dismutase −SOD-, catalase −CAT-, and glutathione reductases −GR-) and after depuration (glutathione-s-transferase−GST-). Results suggest that FLU exposure as well as food quality influence biomarker responses, withhigher values of SOD, CAT and GR in non-exposed mussels fed on C. neogracile. In addition, upon exposureto the same FLU concentration, GR response varied according to dietary conditioning, suggesting that dietcould act as a confounding factor in biomarker responses to pollution. Consequently, trophic conditionsshould be considered in marine pollution monitoring programs for a better interpretation of biomarker responses., SI

Published
2016

41. Altered membrane lipid composition and functional parameters of circulating cells in cockles (Cerastoderma edule) affected by disseminated neoplasia

Author

Fabienne Le Grand, Philippe Soudant, Nelly Le Goïc, Edouard Kraffe, Yanic Marty, Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique (CEMCA), Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Cerastoderma edule, Hemocytes, Membrane lipids, Phagocytosis, Plasmalogens, Phospholipid, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, Biochemistry, Disseminated neoplasia, Cell functions, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Membrane Lipids, 0302 clinical medicine, Animals, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, Cockle, Neoplasm Metastasis, Molecular Biology, Cardiidae, Phospholipids, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Reactive oxygen species, biology, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Fatty Acids, Fatty acid, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, Neoplastic Cells, Circulating, Sterol, chemistry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Non-methylene interrupted fatty acids
Abstract

International audience; Membrane lipid composition and morpho-functional parameters were investigated in circulating cells of the edible cockle (Cerastoderma edule) affected by disseminated neoplasia (neoplastic cells) and compared to those from healthy cockles (hemocytes). Membrane sterol levels, phospholipid (PL) class and subclass proportions and their respective fatty acid (FA) compositions were determined. Morpho-functional parameters were evaluated through total hemocyte count (THC), mortality rate, phagocytosis ability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Both morpho-functional parameters and lipid composition were profoundly affected in neoplastic cells. These dedifferentiated cells displayed higher THC (5×), mortality rate (3×) and ROS production with addition of carbonyl cyanide m-chloro phenylhydrazone (1.7×) but lower phagocytosis ability (½×), than unaffected hemocytes. Total PL amounts were higher in neoplastic cells than in hemocytes (12.3 and 5.1 nmol × 10-6 cells, respectively). However, sterols and a particular subclass of PL (plasmalogens; 1-alkenyl-2-acyl PL) were present in similar amounts in both cell type membranes. This led to a two times lower proportion of these membrane lipid constituents in neoplastic cells when compared to hemocytes (20.5% vs. 42.1% of sterols in total membrane lipids and 21.7% vs. 44.2% of plasmalogens among total PL, respectively). Proportions of non-methylene interrupted FA- and 20:1n-11-plasmalogen molecular species were the most impacted in neoplastic cells when compared to hemocytes (⅓× and ¼×, respectively). These changes in response to this leukemia-like disease in bivalves highlight the specific imbalance of plasmalogens and sterols in neoplastic cells, in comparison to the greater stability of other membrane lipid components.

Published
2013

42. Photobioreactor design for isotopic non-stationary 13C-metabolic flux analysis (INST 13C-MFA) under photoautotrophic conditions

Author

Lindsay Peyriga, Jeremy Pruvost, Guillaume Cogne, Emmanuel Dechandol, Olivier Gonçalves, Jack Legrand, Jean-Charles Portais, Fabienne Le Grand, Arnaud Martzolff, Edern Cahoreau, Stéphane Massou, Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French National Research Agency project ALGOMICS [ANR-08-BIOE-002], FP7 European project [SOLAR-H2], Region Midi-Pyrenees, European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), French Ministry for Higher Education Research, SICOVAL, IBiSa, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bioprocédés Appliqués aux Microalgues (GEPEA-BAM), Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-08-BIOE-0002,ALGOMICS,ETUDES GLOBALES DE LA CONVERSION ET DU STOCKAGE DE L'ENERGIE CHEZ LES MICROALGUES(2008), Université de Nantes (UN)-École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MetaToul FluxoMet (TBI-MetaToul), MetaboHUB-MetaToul, MetaboHUB-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-MetaboHUB-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bioprocédés Appliqués aux Microalgues ( GEPEA-BAM ), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire ( GEPEA ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique ( ONIRIS ) -Université Bretagne Loire ( UBL ) -IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire ( IMT Atlantique ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique ( ONIRIS ) -Université Bretagne Loire ( UBL ) -IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire ( IMT Atlantique ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés ( LISBP ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) ( LEMAR ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer ( IUEM ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, TORUS PHOTOBIOREACTOR, carbon labeling experiment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Analytical chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Isotopomers, law.invention, Photobioreactors, law, Metabolic flux analysis, Dissolved organic carbon, MICROORGANISMS, Biomass, [ CHIM.GENI ] Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Carbon Isotopes, 0303 health sciences, Chemistry, Systems Biology, Fatty Acids, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, isotopomer analysis, Biotechnology, Photobioreactor, Bioengineering, CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII, MICROALGAE, 03 medical and health sciences, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, photobioreactor, 010608 biotechnology, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, photoautotrophic metabolism, SHORT-TIME-SCALE, Filtration, 030304 developmental biology, Chromatography, Reproducibility of Results, Substrate (chemistry), MASS-SPECTROMETRY, Liquid nitrogen, METABOLOME ANALYSIS, isotopic non-stationary 13C-metabolic flux analysis, isotopic non-stationary 13 C-metabolic flux analysis, [ CHIM.ANAL ] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Flux (metabolism), Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, LABELING EXPERIMENTS
Abstract

International audience; Adaptive metabolic behavior of photoautotrophic microorganisms toward genetic and environmental perturbations can be interpreted in a quantitative depiction of carbon flow through a biochemical reaction network using isotopic non-stationary 13C-metabolic flux analysis (INST 13C-MFA). To evaluate 13C-metabolic flux maps for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, an original experimental framework was designed allowing rapid, reliable collection of high-quality isotopomer data against time. It involved (i) a short-time 13C labeling injection device based on mixing control in a torus-shaped photobioreactor with plug-flow hydrodynamics allowing a sudden step-change in the 13C proportion in the substrate feed and (ii) a rapid sampling procedure using an automatic fast filtration method coupled to a manual rapid liquid nitrogen quenching step. 13C-substrate labeling enrichment was controlled through the total dissolved inorganic carbon concentration in the pulsed solution. First results were obtained from steady-state continuous culture measurements allowing the characterization of the kinetics of label incorporation into light-limited growing cells cultivated in a photobioreactor operating at the maximal biomass productivity for an incident photon flux density of 200 mu molm-2s-1. 13C label incorporation was measured for 21 intracellular metabolites using IC-MS/MS in 58 samples collected across a labeling experiment duration of 7 min. The fastest labeling rate was observed for 2/3-phosphoglycerate with an apparent isotopic stationary state reached after 300s. The labeling rate was consistent with the optimized mixing time of about 4.9s inside the reactor and the shortest reliable sampling period assessed at 5s. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109: 30303040. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Published
2012

43. Membrane phospholipid composition of hemocytes in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum

Author

Philippe Soudant, Fabienne Le Grand, Ludovic Donaghy, Edouard Kraffe, Yanic Marty, Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique (CEMCA), Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Hemocytes, Plasmalogen, Physiology, Membrane lipids, Plasmalogens, Phospholipid, Ruditapes, Phospholipid classes, Ceramides, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Species Specificity, Hemolymph, R philippinarum, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Crassostrea, Non-methylene-interrupted fatty acids, Molecular Biology, Phospholipids, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Free sterols, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Aminoethylphosphonic Acid, Cell Membrane, Fatty Acids, Pacific oyster, Ceramide aminoethylphosphonate, biology.organism_classification, Ostreidae, Sterol, Bivalvia, Sterols, Cholesterol, chemistry, Crassostrea gigas, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins)
Abstract

International audience; The detailed sterol (free sterol proportions and compositions) and phospholipid (PL) compositions (relative proportions of PL classes and subclasses and their respective fatty acid (FA) compositions) of hemocyte membranes were investigated in two bivalve mollusks: the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. Hemocyte membrane lipids of both species revealed similar general composition: i) their free sterol/PL ratio was above 0.4 and ii) their PL were predominated by the diacyl + alkyl forms of glycerophosphatidylcholine (PC), the plasmalogen form of glycerophosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and ceramide aminoethylphosphonate (CAEP). Free sterols were predominated by cholesterol in both species. Plasmalogen forms of PE and glycerophosphatidylserine (PS) represented 82-83% and 46-55% of total PE and PS, respectively. When compared to their respective diacyl + alkyl forms, plasmalogen forms of PE and PS were specifically enriched in non-methylene-interrupted (NMI) FA and 20:1n-11, suggesting a functional significance of these PL molecular species in bivalve hemocytes. Lysoglycerophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) levels were found to be fairly high in hemocytes, accounting for about 8% of the PL Some species-specific features were also found. LysoPC and glycerophosphatidylinositol (PI) FA compositions differed between Ruditapes philippinarum and Crassostrea gigas. CAEP proportion was higher in R. philippinarum than in C. gigas (14.5% and 27.9% of the PL respectively). Hemolymph cell monolayer observations and flow-cytometric analyses revealed species-specific hemocyte morphology and sub-populations which could account for some of the observed species-specific membrane lipid compositions.

Published
2011

44. Prevalence, intensity, and aneuploidy patterns of disseminated neoplasia in cockles (Cerastoderma edule) from Arcachon Bay: seasonal variation and position in sediment

Author

Fabienne Le Grand, Philippe Soudant, Xavier de Montaudouin, Antonio Villalba, Edouard Kraffe, Yanic Marty, Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique (CEMCA), Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de Investigaciones Marinas, Xunta de Galicia, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Veterinary medicine, Cerastoderma edule, Histology, Prevalence, Aneuploidy, Disseminated neoplasia, Disease Outbreaks, 03 medical and health sciences, Neoplasms, medicine, Animals, Flow cytometry, Mollusca, Cardiidae, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Blood Cells, biology, Aquatic animal, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Bivalvia, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Clone Cells, Seasonal survey, DNA content, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040102 fisheries, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, France, Seasons, Ploidy, Bay
Abstract

International audience; The present report presents the first evidence of disseminated neoplasia (DN) in cockles Cerastoderma edule from Arcachon Bay (France). Aneuploidy of neoplastic cells allowed the use of flow cytometry (FCM) to diagnose and stage DN. A 1 year survey (2007) of the prevalence and intensity (% of aneuploid circulating cells in neoplastic cockles) was conducted. Prevalences ranged from 2.2% (June) to 13.6% (May), and disease intensity ranged from 18.7% (June) to 95.5% (September). These percentages were not correlated with seawater temperature, but rather showed unexplained oscillations over the year. Prevalence and intensity of DN were higher in cockles found at the surface of sediment compared to those buried normally (11.8% vs. 6.7% and 53.0% vs. 40.6%, respectively, p < 0.05). DN could thus be one mechanism leading to unexplained presence of cockles at the surface of the sediment in Arcachon Bay. Ploidy characteristics of neoplastic cells were also investigated using FCM, revealing an unusual, broad continuum of ploidy distribution from 1.6 to 9.6n. Ploidy values were not in whole numbers in contrast to the rounded values reported in other studies. Ploidy varied according to DN intensity, with the ploidy distribution of neoplastic cells from lightly-diseased cockles being unimodal (3.7n median). In contrast, highly-diseased cockles showed a bimodal ploidy distribution (3.0n and 4.7n medians). This suggests that, in cockles from Arcachon Bay, mechanisms leading to aneuploidy are complex, developing during disease progression.

Published
2009

46. Bioaccumulation des éléments traces métalliques par les poissons marins du Sénégal : influence de l’écologie trophique

Author

Gaël Le Croizier, Fall, M., Gauthier Schaal, Fabienne Le Grand, François Le Loc’h, Munaron, J. M., Raymond Laë, Luis Tito de Morais, Tito de Morais, Luis, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, COM, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; no abstract

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