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4. Optimization of the conversion efficiency and evaluation of the noise figure of an optical frequency converter based on a dual-pump fiber phase sensitive amplifier

Author

Debanuj Chatterjee, Yousra Bouasria, Fabienne Goldfarb, Yassine Hassouni, and Fabien Bretenaker

Subjects
Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Abstract

We propose a new architecture of phase sensitive optical frequency converter based on dual-pump phase sensitive amplification in a highly nonlinear fiber. This frequency converter allows generation of extra tones through nonlinear four-wave mixing between two strong pumps and an input tone. The frequency channel to which the input tone is converted can be chosen by adjusting the phase of the input signal. The conversion efficiency and extinction ratio of this frequency converter are predicted and optimized and its noise figure is calculated using a numerical approach based on the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. A semi-classical noise figure calculation for this approach was used and validated using an analytical fully quantum calculation based on the multi-wave model.

Published
2022

5. Generation of squeezed light vacuum enabled by coherent population trapping

Author

Fabienne Goldfarb, Jasleen Lugani, Fabien Bretenaker, P Neveu, Chitram Banerjee, Etienne Brion, J Delpy, S Liu, Laboratoire Lumière, Matière et Interfaces (LuMIn), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay), Théorie (LCAR), Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche « Matière et interactions » (FeRMI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC)

Subjects
Photon, Population, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), Resonance (particle physics), 010309 optics, Four-wave mixing, Optics, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Metastability, 0103 physical sciences, Spontaneous emission, education, Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, education.field_of_study, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Squeezed coherent state
Abstract

International audience; We demonstrate the possibility to generate squeezed vacuum states of light by four wave mixing (FWM) enabled coherent population trapping in a metastable helium cell at room temperature. Contrary to usual FWM far detuned schemes, we work at resonance with an atomic transition. We investigate the properties of such states and show that the noise variances of the squeezed and anti-squeezed quadratures cannot be explained by the simple presence of losses. A specific model allows us to demonstrate the role played by spontaneous emitted photons, which experience squeezing while propagation inside of the cell. This theoretical model, which takes into account both residual absorption and spontaneous emission, leads to an excellent agreement with the experimental data without any adjusted parameter.

Published
2021

6. Analytical seven-wave model for wave propagation in a degenerate dual-pump fiber phase sensitive amplifier

Author

Debanuj Chatterjee, Fabien Bretenaker, Yousra Bouasria, Fabienne Goldfarb, Laboratoire Lumière, Matière et Interfaces (LuMIn), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay), Equipe Sciences de la Matière et du Rayonnement (ESMaR), Faculté des Sciences, [Université Mohammed V], and Université Mohammed V

Subjects
Optical amplifier, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Wave propagation, Amplifier, Quantum noise, Degenerate energy levels, Phase (waves), Physics::Optics, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Mechanics, 01 natural sciences, Signal, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010309 optics, Nonlinear system, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic
Abstract

We develop an analytical model to describe propagation of seven continuous waves [two strong pumps, a degenerate signal and idler, two high-order idlers (HOIs), and two high-order pumps (HOPs)] through a nonlinear fiber. The model is developed considering the pumps to be much stronger than the other waves. The seven-wave system is analyzed in terms of interactions among its four-wave subsystems: (i) pumps and degenerate signal and idler, (ii) pumps and HOIs, and (iii) pumps and HOPs. First we analyze the three four-wave subsystems, and then we move to the seven-wave system and compare the two analytical models. The analytical seven-wave model reveals that a strong coupling (mediated through four-wave-mixing processes) between the subsystem with the signal and the subsystem with the HOIs leads to an important role of the HOIs in influencing the signal gain of a degenerate dual-pump fiber phase sensitive amplifier (PSA). We find that the maximum PSA gain of the signal for such an amplifier can be significantly enhanced by launching the HOIs at the fiber input along with the signal. We compare the analytical results with those of a numerical seven-wave model, and for the anomalous dispersion regime, we find good agreement between the two when the system nonlinearity is weak, i.e., total nonlinear phase less than 0.6 rad.

Published
2021

7. Generalised expression of the noise figure of phase sensitive amplifiers for an arbitrary number of modes

Author

Fabienne Goldfarb, Yassine Hassouni, Debanuj Chatterjee, Fabien Bretenaker, Yousra Bouasria, Equipe Sciences de la Matière et du Rayonnement (ESMaR), Faculté des Sciences, [Université Mohammed V], Université Mohammed V, Laboratoire Lumière, Matière et Interfaces (LuMIn), and CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay)

Subjects
Physics, Quantum Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Amplifier, Phase (waves), FOS: Physical sciences, Noise figure, Topology, 01 natural sciences, Signal, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Expression (mathematics), Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, 010309 optics, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 010306 general physics, Quantum, Mixing (physics), Quantum fluctuation, Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract

Phase sensitive amplifiers (PSA), contrary to usual phase insensitive amplifiers (PIA), are in principle capable to achieve noiseless amplification, i.e. exhibit a quantum-limited noise figure (NF) of 0 db. When implemented using four-wave mixing (FWM) in a non-linear fibre, extra waves can be generated by undesired FWM processes, which may introduce extra input ports for vacuum fluctuations, thus potentially degrading the NF. In this situation, we give here a general analytical quantum derivation of the PSA NF, valid for an arbitrary number of nonlinearly coupled modes. This expression is usable as soon as a linear input-output relation can be found for the annihilation and creation operators of the involved modes. It predicts that the noise level depends on the number of interacting waves. We illustrate the usefulness of this expression in the case of six waves, corresponding to four interacting quantum modes. In this example the signal NF is degraded by 0.4 db, compared to 10 db obtained for PIA operation of the same scheme.

Published
2021

10. Optimization of laser dynamics for active stabilization of DF--VECSELs dedicated to cesium CPT clocks

Author

François Tricot, Ghaya Baili, Fabienne Goldfarb, François Gutty, Fabien Bretenaker, Gregory Gredat, Isabelle Sagnes, Hui Liu, Jérémie Cotxet, Laboratoire Lumière, Matière et Interfaces (LuMIn), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay), Northwest University (Xi'an), Thales Research and Technology [Palaiseau], THALES, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), and Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Local oscillator, Population, Physics::Optics, FOS: Physical sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Phase noise, Physics::Atomic Physics, Allan variance, education, Physics, education.field_of_study, [PHYS.PHYS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics], dBc, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Atomic clock, Atomic physics, Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract

We report the implementation and performance of a double servo-loop for intensity and phase-difference active stabilization of a dual-frequency vertical external-cavity surface-emitting laser (DF-VECSEL) for coherent population trapping (CPT) of cesium atoms in the framework of compact atomic clocks. In-phase fully correlated pumping of the two laser modes is identified as the best scheme for intensity noise reduction, and an analytical model allows optimization of the active stabilization strategy. Optical phase locking the beat-note to a local oscillator leads to a phase noise level below − 103 d B c / H z at 100 Hz from the carrier. The laser contribution to the short-term frequency stability of the clock is predicted to be compatible with a targeted Allan deviation below σ y = 5 × 10 − 13 over 1 s.

Published
2020
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11. Noise Investigation of a Dual-Frequency VECSEL for Application to Cesium Clocks

Author

Fabien Bretenaker, Isabelle Sagnes, Hui Liu, François Gutty, Gregory Gredat, Fabienne Goldfarb, Ghaya Baili, Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan), Thales Research and Technology [Palaiseau], THALES, Laboratoire de photonique et de nanostructures (LPN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] (C2N), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, Phase noise, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Physics::Atomic Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Caesium standard, Physics, Coupling, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Rate equation, Laser, Vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting-laser, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Wavelength, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, business, Noise (radio), Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract

International audience; We theoretically and experimentally study the noise of a class-A dual-frequency vertical external cavity surface emitting laser operating at Cesium clock wavelength. The intensity noises of the two orthogonally polarized modes and the phase noise of their beatnote are investigated. The intensity noises of the two modes and their correlations are well predicted by a theory based on coupled rate equations. The phase noise of the beatnote is well described by considering both thermal effects and the effect of phase-amplitude coupling. The good agreement between theory and experiment indicates possible ways to further decrease the laser noises. Index Terms-Cesium clock, dual-frequency laser, intensity noise, phase noise, vertical external cavity surface emitting laser.

Published
2018

12. A Model for Designing Ultralow Noise Single- and Dual-Loop 10-GHz Optoelectronic Oscillators

Author

Vincent Crozatier, Gregoire Pillet, Ghaya Baili, Olivier Llopis, Pascale Nouchi, Loic Morvan, Perrine Berger, Fabien Bretenaker, Fabienne Goldfarb, O. Lelievre, and Daniel Dolfi

Subjects
Physics, Offset (computer science), High power lasers, business.industry, Dual loop, Spectral density, dBc, 02 engineering and technology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Semiconductor laser theory, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Brillouin scattering, Phase noise, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

A complete model describing both single- and dual-loop optoelectronic oscillators (OEO) is introduced. It is compared to several experimental configurations, with excellent agreement in all cases. The physical insight into noise coupling mechanisms brought by the model further allows us for the design of ultralow noise OEO. Phase noise performances at 10 GHz with a single 1 km delay line and with a dual 1 km/100 m delay lines are reported. An optimized dual loop configuration exhibits low phase noise floor at high offset frequency (–160 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz) and low spur levels (–145 dBc/Hz), here again in close agreement with our model.

Published
2017

13. Quantum properties of light propagating in a coherent-population-oscillation storage medium

Author

Fabienne Goldfarb, Fabien Bretenaker, P. Neveu, Etienne Brion, Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS, ENS Cachan, Théorie (LCAR), Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan), Laboratoire Lumière, Matière et Interfaces (LuMIn), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)

Subjects
Physics, education.field_of_study, Quantum Physics, Field (physics), Population, Quantum noise, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Quantum state, Quantum electrodynamics, Excited state, 0103 physical sciences, Coherent states, Spontaneous emission, Quantum field theory, 010306 general physics, education, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

We study the propagation and storage of a quantum field using ultra-narrow Coherent Population Oscillations (CPO) in a $\Lambda-$type atomic medium. The predictions for classical fields are checked experimentally in a metastable vapor at room temperature. We derive the evolution of its squeezing spectrum in the presence of a large classical pump field which enables CPO to exist. We show that the spontaneous emission of the residual population pumped into the excited state progressively destroys the quantum noise properties of the quantum field along propagation. The output quantum field therefore tends to be a coherent state, discarding the possibility to store quantum states of light with CPO., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, 2 appendices

Published
2019

14. Improvement of the Stabilization Loops Performances of a DF-VECSEL Dedicated to Cesium CPT Clocks Application by Fully-Correlated Multi-Mode Pumping

Author

Fabienne Goldfarb, Hui Liu, Ghaya Baili, François Gutty, Fabien Bretenaker, Gregory Gredat, and Isabelle Sagnes

Subjects
Physics, Coupling (computer programming), law, Relative intensity noise, Phase noise, Physics::Optics, Atomic physics, Laser, Polarization (waves), Stability (probability), Atomic clock, Noise (radio), law.invention
Abstract

It was shown that cesium double transitions could be used to obtain very high contrast Ramsey fringes [1]. Such a scheme needs to uses lin⊤lin configuration, where two linear and orthogonal laser beams couple the atomic transitions, with a frequency detuning equal to the level splitting. The frequency difference should be very stable, and one solution is to use a dual-frequency vertical external cavity surface emitting lasers (DF-VECSEL) such as the one shown in Fig.1. A birefringent crystal in the cavity allows to emit slightly detuned orthogonal polarisations with a very stable frequency difference, which is targeted to be limited by the Dick effect [2]. However, in this reference, the laser noise contribution to the Allan standard deviation is dominant : the relative intensity noise (RIN) level of −115 dB/Hz technically limits the clock stability to σ y (τ) = 1.6 × 10−12 · τ−1/2 while state-of-the-art atomic clocks based on CPT give σ y (τ) = 3.2 × 10−13 · τ−1/2 [3]. The beatnote noise depends on the coupling and the noise correlations between the two pump spots used for both polarisations (see Fig.1). However, a reduction of both the phase noise of the RF beatnote and the pump-to-laser RIN transfer was recently demonstrated [4]. It requires both a strong in-phase correlation of the pump noises and a low coupling strength, which can be obtained with a fully-correlated multi-mode pumping architecture [5]. In the present work, we investigate the consequences of such a scheme on the laser stabilization loops performances both experimentally and theoretically.

Published
2019

15. Investigation of the noise figure in a degenerate dual-pump phase-sensitive amplifier using a multi-wave model

Author

Fabien Bretenaker, Yousra Bouasria, Yassine Hassouni, Debanuj Chatterjee, Ihsan Fsaifes, Weilin Xie, Fabienne Goldfarb, Université Mohamed V - Souissi, Laboratoire Lumière, Matière et Interfaces (LuMIn), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay), Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), and École polytechnique (X)

Subjects
Physics, Optical amplifier, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Acoustics, Cross-phase modulation, Amplifier, Degenerate energy levels, FOS: Physical sciences, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Noise figure, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), Signal, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010309 optics, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Dispersion (optics), [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract

International audience; A semi-classical 7-wave model is developed to investigate the noise performances of a degenerate dual-pump phase sensitive amplifier. This approach takes into account the transfer to the signal, through multiple four-wave mixing processes, of the vacuum fluctuations injected in the high-order waves. This effect leads to a degradation of the noise figure of the amplifier with respect to the 0 dB value predicted by the usual 3-wave model. However, it is proved that a careful choice of the fiber dispersion allows to use the high-order waves to enhance the signal gain without degrading the noise figure above 1 dB.

Published
2020

16. Investigation of analog signal distortion introduced by a fiber phase sensitive amplifier

Author

Weilin Xie, Fabien Bretenaker, Tarek Labidi, Ihsan Fsaifes, Yousra Bouasria, Debanuj Chatterjee, Fabienne Goldfarb, Laboratoire Lumière, Matière et Interfaces (LuMIn), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay), Université Mohamed V - Souissi, Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), École polytechnique (X), Raman Research Institute, and Raman Research Insitute

Subjects
Signal Processing (eess.SP), Optical amplifier, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Acoustics, Amplifier, Cross-phase modulation, FOS: Physical sciences, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, 01 natural sciences, Signal, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010309 optics, Amplitude modulation, Nonlinear system, Analog signal, Distortion, 0103 physical sciences, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract

International audience; We numerically simulate the distortion of an analog signal carried in a microwave photonics link containing a phase sensitive amplifier (PSA), focusing mainly on amplitude modulation format. The numerical model is validated by comparison with experimental measurements. By using the well-known two-tone test, we compare the situations in which a standard intensity modulator is used with the one where a perfectly linear modulator would be employed. We also investigate the role of gain saturation in the nonlinearity of the PSA. Finally, we establish the conditions in which the signal nonlinearity introduced by the PSA itself can be extremely small.

Published
2020

17. Noise reduction in a dual-frequency VECSEL at telecom wavelength using fully correlated pumping

Author

Ihsan Fsaifes, Ghaya Baili, Gregory Gredat, Sophie Bouchoule, Syamsundar De, Aliou Ly, Hui Liu, Fabienne Goldfarb, Remy Vatre, and Fabien Bretenaker

Subjects
Physics, Relative intensity noise, business.industry, Noise reduction, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Wavelength, Amplitude, law, 0103 physical sciences, Phase noise, Spontaneous emission, 0210 nano-technology, Telecommunications, business, Diode
Abstract

We demonstrate the noise reduction in a dual-frequency vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser at telecom wavelength using fully correlated pumping. A fully in-phase correlated pumping is obtained by polarization combining two single-mode fibered laser diodes in a single-mode fiber. With this pumping, ultra-low noises are observed, i. e. relative intensity noise lower than -140 dB/Hz, and beatnote phase noise suppression by 30 dB, getting close to the spontaneous emission limit. The generalized noise reduction is shown by modeling the beatnote phase noise spectra and relative intensity noise transfer gain depending on the in-phase correlation amplitude.

Published
2018

18. Strategies for noise reduction of a dual-frequency VECSEL dedicated to cesium CPT clocks

Author

Ghaya Baili, Isabelle Sagnes, Fabienne Goldfarb, Gregory Gredat, Fabien Bretenaker, Hui Liu, and François Gutty

Subjects
Coupling, Physics, business.industry, Noise reduction, 02 engineering and technology, Rate equation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting-laser, Noise (electronics), 010309 optics, Wavelength, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Phase noise, 0210 nano-technology, business, Caesium standard
Abstract

We investigate the strategies to reduce the noise of a class-A dual-frequency vertical external cavity surface emitting laser (VECSEL) operating at Cesium clock wavelength. We focus mainly on the beatnote phase noise of the two orthogonally polarized modes emitted. Within the framework of coupled rate equations, we show that the phase noise spectrum of the beatnote is well described by considering both the phase–amplitude coupling and the thermal effects. The spearhead of this study consists in first theoretically evidencing reduction strategies for the phase noise beatnote by optimizing the physical parameters of the model and then experimentally demonstrating its feasibility by using two in-phase fully–correlated beams pumping each mode separately. Possible ways to decrease the intensity noises are also identified.

Published
2018

19. Phase sensitive amplification enabled by coherent population trapping

Author

Etienne Brion, Fabien Bretenaker, Fabienne Goldfarb, P. Neveu, Chitram Banerjee, Jasleen Lugani, Processus d'Activation Sélective par Transfert d'Energie Uni-électronique ou Radiatif (UMR 8640) (PASTEUR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IIT Guwahati), Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, coherent population trapping, education.field_of_study, Quantum Physics, Phase sensitive, Degenerate energy levels, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, two-mode squeezing, Trapping, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, 010309 optics, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, phase sensitive amplification, Polariton, four-wave mixing, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 010306 general physics, Ground state, education, Excitation, Mixing (physics)
Abstract

We isolate a novel four-wave mixing process, enabled by Coherent Population Trapping (CPT), leading to efficient phase sensitive amplification. This process is permitted by the exploitation of two transitions starting from the same twofold degenerate ground state. One of the transitions is used for CPT, defining bright and dark states from which ultra intense four-wave mixing is obtained via the other transition. This leads to the measurement of a strong phase sensitive gain even for low optical densities and out-of-resonance excitation. The enhancement of four-wave mixing is interpreted in the framework of the dark-state polariton formalism., 5 pages, 4 figures, 1 supplemental material (2 pages)

Published
2018

20. Experimental investigations for designing low phase noise 10 GHz coupled optoelectronic oscillator

Author

Olivier Llopis, Daniel Dolfi, Fabienne Goldfarb, O. Lelievre, Fabien Bretenaker, Pascale Nouchi, Ghaya Baili, Loic Morvan, Vincent Crozatier, Thales Research and Technologies [Orsay] (TRT), THALES, Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan), Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, THALES [France], École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Optoelectronic oscillator, Physics::Optics, dBc, 02 engineering and technology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Coupling ratio, law.invention, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Dispersion (optics), Phase noise, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, business, Microwave photonics
Abstract

International audience; We experimentally investigate the impact of relevant parameters such as dispersion regime, and coupling ratio between the two loops on the phase noise performances of a 10 GHz coupled optoelectronic oscillator (COEO). The setup is based on a mode-locked semi-conductor laser at 1.55μm combined to a classical OEO. Optimization of these parameters leads to ultra-low phase noise at close-to-carrier frequencies (-100 dBc/Hz at 100 Hz and -125 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz).

Published
2018

21. Phase evolution of the direct detection noise figure of a nondegenerate fiber phase sensitive amplifier

Author

Tarek Labidi, Ihsan Fsaifes, Fabienne Goldfarb, Debanuj Chatterjee, Weilin Xie, Fabien Bretenaker, Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), and Télécom ParisTech-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Amplified spontaneous emission, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, and noise, Physics::Optics, FOS: Physical sciences, (2702500) Fluctuations, 02 engineering and technology, Noise figure, 01 natural sciences, Signal, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Brillouin scattering, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Dither, Fiber, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Optical amplifier, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Amplifier, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), (0602320) Fiber optics amplifiers and oscillators, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], OCIS codes: (1904970) Parametric oscillators and amplifiers, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, relaxations, business, Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract

International audience; We experimentally investigate the evolution of the direct detection noise figure of a nondegenerate phase-sensitive amplifier based on a nonlinear fiber, as a function of the relative phase between the signal, idler, and pump, all other parameters remaining fixed. The use of a fiber with a high stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold permits us to investigate the full range of phase-sensitive gain and noise figure without pump dithering. Good agreement is found with theory, both for signal only and combined signal and idler direct detections.

Published
2018
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22. Experimental Design of a Low Phase Noise Coupled Optoelectronic Oscillator at 10 GHz

Author

Pascale Nouchi, O. Lelievre, Loïc Morvan, Olivier Llopis, Ghaya Baili, Vincent Crozatier, Fabienne Goldfarb, Fabien Bretenaker, Daniel Dolfi, Thales Research and Technologies [Orsay] (TRT), THALES [France], Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), THALES, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Optoelectronic oscillator, dBc, 02 engineering and technology, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Phase noise, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Fiber, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, business, Microwave photonics
Abstract

International audience; We present an experimental study on two key elements to design a low phase noise coupled optoelectronic oscillator (COEO). Fiber lengths and dispersions are investigated to highlight the differences between the optical and optoelectronic loops. After optimization, a 10 GHz COEO at 1.5 μm with a total of 590 m of fiber exhibits phase noise levels of -125 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz and -140 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz.

Published
2017

23. Noise measurement and modeling of a dual-frequency VECSEL at cesium clock wavelength

Author

Ghaya Baili, Fabien Bretenaker, Hui Liu, Fabienne Goldfarb, Gaëlle Lucas-Leclin, Nessrine Guerchi, Isabelle Sagnes, Grégoire Beaudoin, Paul Dumont, Chang-Hoong Chow, Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Thales Research and Technology [Palaiseau], THALES, Laboratoire Charles Fabry / Lasers, Laboratoire Charles Fabry (LCF), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS), Laboratoire de photonique et de nanostructures (LPN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Marcoussis] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-15-CE24-0010,CHoCoLa,CONCEPTS INNOVANTS POUR UNE HORLOGE Cs COMPACTE A LASER BIFREQUENCE METROLOGIQUE(2015)

Subjects
Dual-frequency laser, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Noise measurement, business.industry, Phase (waves), 02 engineering and technology, Laser, Vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting-laser, phase noise, law.invention, Wavelength, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, Amplitude, law, Phase noise, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, intensity noise, business, Noise (radio), vertical external cavity surface emitting laser
Abstract

International audience; We study the noise of a class-A dual-frequency vertical external cavity surface emitting laser at Cesium clock wavelength. Both the intensity noise and phase noise of the beatnote between the two orthogonal polarized modes are measured and modeled. The intensity noise of the two orthogonal laser modes and its correlation are well predicted by a theory based on modified rate equations. The phase noise of the beatnote is predicted by the theory based on thermal effect and phase/amplitude coupling effect.

Published
2017

24. Low Phase Noise 10 GHz Coupled Optoelectronic Oscillator

Author

Fabien Bretenaker, Vincent Crozatier, Pascale Nouchi, Loïc Morvan, Olivier Llopis, O. Lelievre, Ghaya Baili, Daniel Dolfi, Fabienne Goldfarb, Thales Research and Technologies [Orsay] (TRT), THALES, Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan), Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, THALES [France], École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Optoelectronic oscillator, Electrical engineering, dBc, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optical fiber amplifiers, 0103 physical sciences, Phase noise, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Radio frequency, Fiber, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, business
Abstract

International audience; We present our recent results on a 10 GHz coupled optoelectronic oscillator (COEO). With a total of 550 m of fiber, the COEO exhibits phase noise level of -140 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz and -137 dBc/Hz for the first spur.

Published
2017

25. In-situ dispersion measurement of a coupled optoelectronic oscillator

Author

Loïc Morvan, Olivier Llopis, Vincent Crozatier, Ghaya Baili, O. Lelievre, Fabien Bretenaker, Daniel Dolfi, Fabienne Goldfarb, Pascale Nouchi, Thales Research and Technologies [Orsay] (TRT), THALES [France], Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), THALES, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
In situ, Coupling, Materials science, Optical fiber, business.industry, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Opto-electronic oscillator, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Dispersion (optics), [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Radio frequency, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Optical filter
Abstract

International audience; We present a direct measurement of the intracavity dispersion of a coupled optoelectronic oscillator (COEO). The measurement can be performed while the COEO is oscillating, taking into account the dispersion of the modulator and the saturated active medium, without any other component than the ones composing the oscillator. It eases the dispersion management before the detection stage for minimal amplitude-to-phase noise coupling.

Published
2017

26. Coherent Population Oscillation-Based Light Storage

Author

Etienne Brion, Fabienne Goldfarb, Fabien Bretenaker, Marie-Aude Maynard, Jasleen Lugani, Pascal Neveu, and Chitram Banerjee

Subjects
010309 optics, Physics, education.field_of_study, Optics, Light storage, business.industry, Oscillation, 0103 physical sciences, Population, 010306 general physics, business, education, 01 natural sciences
Published
2017

27. Phase-sensitive amplification via coherent population oscillations in metastable helium at room temperature

Author

Rupamanjari Ghosh, Fabienne Goldfarb, Jasleen Lugani, P. Neveu, Fabien Bretenaker, M.-A. Maynard, Chitram Banerjee, and Weilin Xie

Subjects
Quantum optics, Quantum Physics, education.field_of_study, Materials science, business.industry, Phase sensitive, Bandwidth (signal processing), Population, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Quantum information processing, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010309 optics, Optics, chemistry, Metastability, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 010306 general physics, business, education, Helium
Abstract

In this Letter, we report our experimental results on phase-sensitive amplification (PSA) in a nondegenerate signal-idler configuration using ultranarrow coherent population oscillations in metastable helium at room temperature. We achieved a high PSA gain of nearly 7 with a bandwidth of 200 kHz by using the system at resonance in a single-pass scheme. Further, the measured minimum gain is close to the ideal value, showing that we have a nearly pure PSA. This is also confirmed from our phase-to-phase transfer curves measurements, illustrating that we have a nearly perfect squeezer, which is interesting for a variety of applications.

Published
2016

28. Ultra-low phase noise 10 GHz dual loop optoelectronic oscillator

Author

Loïc Morvan, Olivier Llopis, Vincent Crozatier, Fabien Bretenaker, Fabienne Goldfarb, Perrine Berger, G. Pillet, Ghaya Baili, O. Lelievre, Daniel Dolfi, Thales Research and Technologies [Orsay] (TRT), THALES [France], Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), THALES, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
Noise temperature, Materials science, business.industry, Quantum noise, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Noise figure, Noise (electronics), [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Phase-locked loop, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, Noise generator, Phase noise, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Flicker noise, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, business
Abstract

International audience; We present two dual loop optoelectronic oscillators using short fibers (1 km range). Fiber lengths are optimized using a simple model which predicts both configurations ultra-low phase noise results, improving either the close-to-carrier phase noise, or the spur level.

Published
2016

29. Coherent Population Oscillation-Based Light Storage

Author

Rupamanjari Ghosh, Fabienne Goldfarb, Jasleen Lugani, Fabien Bretenaker, P. Neveu, R. Bouchez, Etienne Brion, and M.-A. Maynard

Subjects
Physics, Quantum Physics, education.field_of_study, Condensed matter physics, Electromagnetically induced transparency, Oscillation, Dephasing, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Optical storage, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Dark state, Quantum electrodynamics, 0103 physical sciences, Polariton, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 010306 general physics, education, Coherence (physics)
Abstract

We theoretically study the propagation and storage of a classical field in a $\Lambda$-type atomic medium using coherent population oscillations (CPOs). We show that the propagation eigenmodes strongly relate to the different CPO modes of the system. Light storage in such modes is discussed by introducing a "populariton" quantity, a mixture of populations and field, by analogy to the dark state polariton used in the context of electromagnetically induced transparency light storage protocol. As experimentally shown, this memory relies on populations and is then - by contrast with usual Raman coherence optical storage protocols - robust to dephasing effects., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, Supplemental Material

Published
2016

30. Ultra low noise 10 GHz dual loop optoelectronic oscillator: Experimental results and simple model

Author

Loïc Morvan, Fabienne Goldfarb, Olivier Llopis, G. Pillet, Vincent Crozatier, Ghaya Baili, O. Lelievre, Fabien Bretenaker, Daniel Dolfi, Perrine Berger, Thales Research and Technologies [Orsay] (TRT), THALES, Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan), THALES [France], Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), and École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, SIMPLE (military communications protocol), business.industry, Optoelectronic oscillator, Dual loop, Electrical engineering, dBc, 02 engineering and technology, Opto-electronic oscillator, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Voltage-controlled oscillator, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Phase noise, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Optoelectronics, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, business, Frequency modulation
Abstract

International audience; We present a 10 GHz dual loop optoelectronic oscillator (OEO), with very low phase noise (-144.7 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz) and low spur level (-145 dBc/Hz), despite using short fibers (1 km/100 m). The OEO is designed thanks to a simple model, which shows good agreement both with single and dual loop configurations.

Published
2016

31. Ultra-low-noise optoelectronic oscillator at 10 GHz based on a short fiber delay

Author

O. Lelievre, Perrine Berger, Gregoire Pillet, Fabien Bretenaker, Vincent Crozatier, Ghaya Baili, Daniel Dolfi, Fabienne Goldfarb, Olivier Llopis, Loic Morvan, Thales Research and Technologies [Orsay] (TRT), THALES, Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan), THALES [France], Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), and École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Noise temperature, Materials science, business.industry, Physics::Optics, dBc, 02 engineering and technology, Opto-electronic oscillator, Noise figure, 7. Clean energy, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, Noise generator, Phase noise, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Dispersion-shifted fiber, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, business, Noise (radio)
Abstract

International audience; We report on an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) at 10 GHz based on a single 1 km long fiber delay, and exhibiting simultaneously an ultra-low close-in phase noise (-94 dBc/Hz @100 Hz) and a low spurious level (below -110 dBc/Hz). These results are well predicted by a model taking into account the frequency and intensity noise from the laser source that are converted into phase noise.

Published
2016

32. Phase Sensitive Amplification in Metastable Helium at Room Temperature

Author

Chitram Banerjee, Fabien Bretenaker, Marie-Aude Maynard, Pascal Neveu, Rupamanjari Ghosh, Jasleen Lugani, Ram Soorat, and Fabienne Goldfarb

Subjects
Materials science, chemistry, Phase sensitive, Metastability, chemistry.chemical_element, Atomic physics, Helium
Published
2016

34. Nonvolatile optical memory via recoil-induced resonance in a pure two-level system

Author

Daniel Felinto, Chitram Banerjee, José W. R. Tabosa, Fabienne Goldfarb, Marie-Aude Maynard, and A. J. F. de Almeida

Subjects
Physics, Quantum Physics, chemistry.chemical_element, Resonance, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Momentum, symbols.namesake, Recoil, chemistry, Caesium, 0103 physical sciences, Atom, symbols, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Raman spectroscopy, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Beam (structure)
Abstract

We report on the storage of light via the phenomenon of recoil-induced resonance in a pure two- level system of cold cesium atoms. We use a strong coupling beam and a weak probe beam to couple different external momentum states of the cesium atom via two-photon Raman interaction which leads to the storage of the optical information of the probe beam. We have also measured the probe transmission spectrum, as well as the light storage spectrum which reveals very narrow subnatural resonance features showing absorption and gain. We have demonstrated that this memory presents the unique property of being insensitive to the reading process, which does not destroy the stored information leading to a memory lifetime limited only by the atomic thermal motion., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures. To appear in Physical Review A

Published
2016
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35. Fully–correlated multi–mode pumping for low–noise dual–frequency VECSELs

Author

Grégory Gredat, Debanuj Chatterjee, Ghaya Baili, François Gutty, Isabelle Sagnes, Fabienne Goldfarb, Fabien Bretenaker, Hui Liu, Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Thales Research and Technology [Palaiseau], THALES, Laboratoire de photonique et de nanostructures (LPN), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Laser diode, business.industry, Noise reduction, Beat (acoustics), 02 engineering and technology, Rate equation, 01 natural sciences, Vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting-laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, Amplitude, law, 0103 physical sciences, Phase noise, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, business, Lasing threshold
Abstract

International audience; We report a fully-correlated multi-mode pumping architecture optimized for dramatic noise reduction of a class-A dual-frequency Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VECSEL). Thanks to amplitude division of a laser diode, the two orthogonally polarized modes emitted by the VECSEL oscillating at 852 nm are separately pumped by two beams exhibiting fully in-phase correlated intensity noises. This is shown to lead to very strong and in-phase correlations between the two lasing modes intensities. As a result, the phase noise power spectral density of the RF beat note generated by the two modes undergoes a drastic reduction of about 10 to 20 dB throughout the whole frequency range from 10 kHz to 20 MHz and falls below the detection floor above a few MHz. A good agreement is found with a model which uses the framework of rate equations coupled by cross-saturation. The remaining phase noise is attributed to thermal effects and additional technical noises and lies mainly within the bandwidth of a phase-locked-loop.

Published
2018

36. Ultra-low noise dual-frequency VECSEL at telecom wavelength using fully correlated pumping

Author

Fabienne Goldfarb, Aliou Ly, Fabien Bretenaker, Rémy Vatré, Gregory Gredat, Ghaya Baili, Sophie Bouchoule, Hui Liu, Syamsundar De, Ihsan Fsaifes, Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center of Modeling, Simulation and Imaging in Medicine (CMSIM), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Télécom ParisTech-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Thales Research and Technology [Palaiseau], THALES, Laboratoire de photonique et de nanostructures (LPN), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Relative intensity noise, and noise, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, (2702500) Fluctuations, 02 engineering and technology, Laser pumping, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Phase noise, OCIS codes: (1405960) Semiconductor lasers, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Spontaneous emission, Diode, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, (1407270) Vertical emitting lasers, Polarization (waves), Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Wavelength, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, relaxations, Telecommunications, business, Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract

International audience; An ultra-low intensity and beatnote phase noise dual-frequency vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser is built at telecom wavelength. The pump laser is realized by polarization combining two single-mode fibered laser diodes in a single-mode fiber, leading to a 100% in-phase correlation of the pump noises for the two modes. The relative intensity noise is lower than −140 dB∕Hz, and the beatnote phase noise is suppressed by 30 dB, getting close to the spontaneous emission limit. The role of the imperfect cancellation of the thermal effect resulting from unbalanced pumping of the two modes in the residual phase noise is evidenced.

Published
2018

37. Electromagnetically-induced transparency, slow light, and negative group velocities in a room temperature vapor of 4He∗

Author

Rupamanjari Ghosh, Joyee Ghosh, Fabienne Goldfarb, J. Ruggiero, T. Lauprêtre, and Fabien Bretenaker

Subjects
Physics, Spins, Condensed matter physics, Electromagnetically induced transparency, General Engineering, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Slow light, symbols.namesake, Laser linewidth, symbols, Group velocity, Atomic physics, Raman spectroscopy, Doppler effect, Doppler broadening
Abstract

4He∗ at room temperature is a particularly interesting system as velocity changing collisions (VCCs) are necessary to observe ultra-narrow (less than 10 kHz) EIT windows for purely electronic spins in the presence of Doppler broadening. Such narrow resonances are known to be linked to a dramatic reduction of the group velocity of a probe pulse, although the medium is transparent. The evolution of the delay is recorded with respect to the coupling beam intensity and to small Raman detunings. We also demonstrate that it is possible to use optically detuned resonances (Fano-like profiles) to see a transition from slow light to negative group velocity. All these measurements are found to be in good agreement with a simple model based on an effective homogeneous linewidth. To cite this article: F. Goldfarb et al., C. R. Physique 10 (2009).

Published
2009

38. Optical investigation of nuclear spin coherence in Tm:YAG

Author

Fabienne Goldfarb, J.-L. Le Gouët, A. Louchet, T. Brouri, Fabien Bretenaker, Thierry Chanelière, I. Lorgeré, Y. Le Du, Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)

Subjects
Physics::Optics, chemistry.chemical_element, Electronic structure, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010309 optics, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Spin (physics), Hyperfine structure, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], Spin polarization, Chemistry, business.industry, General Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Magnetic field, Thulium, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Atomic physics, Ground state, business, Coherence (physics)
Abstract

With all-optical means, the nuclear spin coherence lifetime is measured for the first time in a crystal doped with low-concentration thulium. A novel Raman echo scheme is demonstrated. The hyperfine splitting is varied over a 15 MHz-wide range with the help of an external magnetic field. Over this range the spin coherence lifetime remains close to 350 μs in the electronic ground state. Thulium-doped materials are proved to be interesting substitutes to other rare earth ion-doped crystals as quantum memory candidates, thanks to their convenient wavelength, their adjustable three-level system and their stable and long spin coherence lifetime.

Published
2008

39. Time-dependent phase shift of a retrieved pulse in off-resonant electromagnetically-induced-transparency–based light storage

Author

Etienne Brion, M.-A. Maynard, Fabien Bretenaker, R. Bouchez, Jasleen Lugani, and Fabienne Goldfarb

Subjects
Physics, Leak, chemistry, Light storage, Electromagnetically induced transparency, Metastability, chemistry.chemical_element, Resonance, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Helium, Pulse (physics)
Abstract

We report measurements of the time-dependent phases of the leak and retrieved pulses obtained in electromagnetically-induced-transparency storage experiments with metastable helium vapor at room temperature. In particular, we investigate the influence of the optical detuning at two-photon resonance and provide numerical simulations of the full dynamical Maxwell-Bloch equations, which allow us to account for the experimental results.

Published
2015

40. Light storage in a room-temperature atomic vapor based on coherent population oscillations

Author

Fabien Bretenaker, Fabienne Goldfarb, and Marie-Aude Maynard

Subjects
Physics, education.field_of_study, Light storage, Oscillation, Dephasing, Metastability, Population, Atomic physics, Polarization (waves), Lambda, education, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Magnetic field
Abstract

We report the experimental observation of coherent population oscillation (CPO-) based light storage in an atomic vapor cell at room temperature. Using the ultranarrow CPO between the ground levels of a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system selected by polarization in metastable $^{4}\mathrm{He}$, such a light storage is experimentally shown to be phase preserving. As it does not involve any atomic coherences it has the advantage of being robust to dephasing effects such as small magnetic field inhomogeneities. The storage time is limited by the population lifetime of the ground states of the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system.

Published
2014

41. Fluorescence of surface adsorbed dyes: investigation of a new detector for molecule interferometry

Author

André Stefanov, Fabienne Goldfarb, Alexander Stibor, Markus Arndt, Sarayut Deachapunya, and Elisabeth Reiger

Subjects
History, Resonance fluorescence, Chemistry, Ionization, Analytical chemistry, Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy, Mass spectrometry, Laser-induced fluorescence, Fluorescence, Electron ionization, Computer Science Applications, Education
Abstract

Matter-wave interferometry with large molecules is partially limited by the inefficiency of the commonly used ionization detection schemes. Here we discuss the possibility of employing a surface imaging method in which molecular interferograms with periods in the micron range are adsorbed on a surface and subsequently read using fluorescence microscopy. Our preliminary experiments show that the detection efficiency can be significantly increased compared to electron impact ionization and quadrupole mass spectrometry. However the interpretation of fluorescent molecular patterns requires a good understanding and control of the molecular mobility, the bleaching behavior, and the coverage dependence of the fluorescence intensity.

Published
2005

42. Light storage via coherent population oscillation in a thermal cesium vapor

Author

José W. R. Tabosa, A. J. F. de Almeida, J. Sales, Daniel Felinto, T. Lauprêtre, Fabien Bretenaker, Marie-Aude Maynard, and Fabienne Goldfarb

Subjects
Physics, education.field_of_study, Quantum Physics, Zeeman effect, Field (physics), Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), Oscillation, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Spectral line, Magnetic field, Physics - Atomic Physics, symbols.namesake, symbols, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), education, Hyperfine structure, Optics (physics.optics), Line (formation), Physics - Optics
Abstract

We report on the storage of light via the phenomenon of Coherent Population Oscillation (CPO) in an atomic cesium vapor at room temperature. In the experiment the optical information of a probe field is stored in the CPO of two ground states of a Lambda three-level system formed by the Zeeman sublevels of the hyperfine transition F = 3 - F' = 2 of cesium D2 line. We show directly that this CPO based memory is very insensitive to stray magnetic field inhomogeneities and presents a lifetime which is mainly limited only by atomic motion. A theoretical simulation of the measured spectra was also developed and is in very good agreement with the experiment., 6 pages, 6 figures

Published
2014

43. Optical memory based on coherent population oscillations

Author

Fabien Bretenaker, Marie-Aude Maynard, Allan Johnes Ferreira de Almeida, José W. R. Tabosa, Jaqueline Sales, Fabienne Goldfarb, and Daniel Felinto

Subjects
Physics, education.field_of_study, Oscillation, business.industry, Population, chemistry.chemical_element, Physics::Geophysics, Magnetic field, Optics, Light storage, chemistry, Optical memory, Thermal, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, education, business, Optical depth, Helium
Abstract

We report the experimental observation of Coherent Population Oscillation (CPO) based light storage in thermal helium and cesium vapors.

Published
2014

44. Observation and measurement of an extra phase shift created by optically detuned light storage in metastable helium

Author

Fabien Bretenaker, Tarek Labidi, Rupamanjari Ghosh, M.-A. Maynard, Musawwadah Mukhtar, Fabienne Goldfarb, and Santosh Kumar

Subjects
Coupling, Quantum Physics, Materials science, Electromagnetically induced transparency, Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Pulse (physics), Physics - Atomic Physics, symbols.namesake, chemistry, Light storage, Metastability, symbols, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Doppler effect, Helium, Optics (physics.optics), Physics - Optics
Abstract

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in metastable helium at room temperature is experimentally shown to exhibit light storage capabilities for intermediate values of the detuning between the coupling and probe beams and the center of the atomic Doppler profiles. An additional phase shift is shown to be imposed to the retrieved pulse of light when the EIT protocol is performed at non-zero optical detunings. The value of this phase shift is measured for different optical detunings between 0 and 2 GHz, and its origin is discussed., 6 pages, 5 figures

Published
2013

45. Phase Noise of the Radio Frequency (RF) Beatnote Generated by a Dual-Frequency VECSEL

Author

Fabienne Goldfarb, Fabien Bretenaker, Abdelkrim El Amili, Ghaya Baili, Isabelle Sagnes, Gregoire Pillet, Mehdi Alouini, Ihsan Fsaifes, Syamsundar De, Center of Modeling, Simulation and Imaging in Medicine (CMSIM), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Thales Research and Technology [Palaiseau], THALES, Laboratoire de photonique et de nanostructures (LPN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and THALES [France]

Subjects
Active laser medium, FOS: Physical sciences, Thermal fluctuations, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Low frequency, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Phase noise, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Physics, Quantum Physics, business.industry, 500 kHz, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Frequency domain, Radio frequency, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), business, Lasing threshold, Optics (physics.optics), Physics - Optics
Abstract

International audience; We analyze, both theoretically and experimentally, the phase noise of the radio frequency (RF) beatnote generated by optical mixing of two orthogonally polarized modes in an optically pumped dual-frequency Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VECSEL). The characteristics of the RF phase noise within the frequency range of 10 kHz - 50 MHz are investigated for three different nonlinear coupling strengths between the two lasing modes. In the theoretical model, we consider two different physical mechanisms responsible for the RF phase noise. In the low frequency domain (typically below 500 kHz), the dominant contribution to the RF phase noise is shown to come from the thermal fluctuations of the semicondutor active medium induced by pump intensity fluctuations. However, in the higher frequency domain (typically above 500 kHz), the main source of RF phase noise is shown to be the pump intensity fluctuations which are transfered to the intensity noises of the two lasing modes and then to the phase noise via the large Henry factor of the semiconductor gain medium. For this latter mechanism, the nonlinear coupling strength between the two lasing modes is shown to play an important role in the value of the RF phase noise. All experimental results are shown to be in good agreement with theory.

Published
2013

46. Polarization-dependent manipulation of optical properties in a tripod system

Author

Rupamanjari Ghosh, Fabien Bretenaker, Santosh Kumar, T. Lauprêtre, and Fabienne Goldfarb

Subjects
Physics, Floquet theory, education.field_of_study, Computer simulation, Electromagnetically induced transparency, Population, Tripod (photography), chemistry.chemical_element, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Magnetic field, chemistry, Metastability, Atomic physics, education, Helium
Abstract

We analyze the dependence of the transmission profiles of an atom in a tripod configuration on the polarizations of the coupling and the probe beams and use room-temperature metastable helium (${}^{4}$He*) as a model system. We show that, by rotating the orthogonally polarized coupling-probe beams with respect to an applied small magnetic field, one can manipulate the detuned peaks due to electromagnetically induced transparency [Kumar, Laupr\^etre, Ghosh, Bretenaker, and Goldfarb, Phys. Rev. A 84, 023811 (2011)] and the central peak arising because of ground-state coherent population oscillations [Laupr\^etre, Kumar, Berger, Faoro, Ghosh, Bretenaker, and Goldfarb, Phys. Rev. A 85, 051805(R) (2012)] observed earlier separately. Our experimental results match well with our numerical simulation using the Floquet method.

Published
2013

47. Polarization Dependent Manipulation of Optical Properties in a Tripod System of Metastable Helium

Author

Fabienne Goldfarb, Fabien Bretenaker, Rupamanjari Ghosh, Santosh Kumar, and T. Lauprêtre

Subjects
Quantum optics, Physics, chemistry, Computer simulation, Metastability, Tripod (photography), Physics::Accelerator Physics, chemistry.chemical_element, Polarization dependent, Atomic physics, Helium, Magnetic field
Abstract

We show that by rotating the orthogonally polarized coupling and probe beams with respect to an applied magnetic field, one can manipulate the detuned EIT peaks and the central CPO peak in a tripod system of He*.

Published
2013

48. Ultranarrow Coherent Population Oscillation Resonance in a Λ-type System

Author

Perrine Berger, R. Faoro, Rupamanjari Ghosh, Fabienne Goldfarb, Santosh Kumar, T. Lauprêtre, and Fabien Bretenaker

Subjects
Quantum optics, Physics, education.field_of_study, Four-wave mixing, Condensed matter physics, Electromagnetically induced transparency, Oscillation, Population, Resonance, Atomic physics, education, Laser beams, Magnetic field
Abstract

We report here the experimental observation of an ultranarrow resonance, as narrow as EIT ones, due to the transfer of coherent population oscillations to the lower states of a Λ-system.

Published
2012

49. Photon lifetime in a cavity containing a slow-light medium

Author

Sylvain Schwartz, C. Proux, Rupamanjari Ghosh, Fabienne Goldfarb, Fabien Bretenaker, and T. Lauprêtre

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Materials science, Photon, Electromagnetically induced transparency, business.industry, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, Slow light, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Resonator, Optics, Metastability, Dispersion (optics), Group velocity, Atomic physics, Phase velocity, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), business, Optics (physics.optics), Physics - Optics
Abstract

We investigate experimentally the lifetime of the photons in a cavity containing a medium exhibiting strong positive dispersion. This intracavity positive dispersion is provided by a metastable helium gas at room temperature in the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) regime, in which light propagates at a group velocity of the order of 10000 m/s. The results definitely prove that the lifetime of the cavity photons is governed by the group velocity of light in the cavity, and not its phase velocity., Accepted for publication in Optics Letters

Published
2011

50. Anomalous ring-down effects and breakdown of the decay rate concept in optical cavities with negative group delay

Author

Sylvain Schwartz, T. Lauprêtre, Iacopo Carusotto, Fabienne Goldfarb, Rupamanjari Ghosh, and Fabien Bretenaker

Subjects
Electromagnetically induced transparency, Negative frequency, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY, 010309 optics, Causality (physics), 0103 physical sciences, Dispersion (optics), 010306 general physics, Helium, Group delay and phase delay, Physics, Quantum Physics, Resonance, DISPERSING MEDIA, PULSE-PROPAGATION, chemistry, Group velocity, LIGHT-PULSE, Atomic physics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract

The propagation of light pulses through negative group velocity media is known to give rise to a number of paradoxical situations that seem to violate causality. The solution of these paradoxes has triggered the investigation of a number of interesting and unexpected features of light propagation. Here, we report a combined theoretical and experimental study of the ring- down oscillations in optical cavities filled with a medium with a sufficiently negative frequency dispersion to give a negative round-trip group delay time. We theoretically anticipate that causality imposes the existence of additional resonance peaks in the cavity transmission, resulting in a non-exponential decay of the cavity field and in a breakdown of the cavity decay rate concept. Our predictions are validated by simulations and by an experiment using a room- temperature gas of metastable helium atoms in the detuned electromagnetically induced transparency regime as the cavity medium.

Published
2011
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