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Na rotina clínica de pequenos animais, a ocorrência de corpos estranhos (CE) no trato digestório é rotineira, principalmente em cães e gatos com hábitos alimentares não controlados e filhotes. Nos cães, a principal ocorrência trata-se de ossos e em gatos, materiais lineares. A remoção cirúrgica, usualmente, é o método eficaz no tratamento dos CE esofágicos, sendo a endoscopia a técnica de eleição, porém, em alguns casos, é preconizada a realização de toracotomia com esofagotomia, pois apresenta os melhores resultados na resolução cirúrgica. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso de um canino, de dois anos de idade, da raça Labrador, que foi atendido pelo Setor de Oftalmologia e Microcirurgia do Hospital Veterinário Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (HVU-UFSM) e que apresentava obstrução esofágica por corpo estranho. Após o diagnóstico e com os resultados dos exames complementares favoráveis, o paciente foi submetido à toracotomia com esofagotomia para a remoção do CE. No transoperatório foram utilizadas medicações analgésicas, anti-inflamatórias e antibióticas, sendo: dipirona 25 mg/kg, TID, cloridrato de tramadol 4 mg/kg, TID, meloxicam 0,1 mg/kg SID e cefalotina 30 mg/kg BID, todas pela via intravenosa. No terceiro dia pós-cirurgia o paciente recebeu alta sem complicações. As mesmas medicações foram prescritas para administração em domicílio, substituindo a via de administração para a via oral e o antibiótico para cefalexina 30mg/kg. A abordagem cirúrgica escolhida para o tratamento foi indicada pelo tamanho e localização do CE no esôfago. Assim, conclui-se que a utilização desta técnica proporciona a remoção com a visualização da viabilidade das camadas esofágicas e demonstra resultados excelentes com retorno as atividades de rotineiras.

A cirurgia reconstrutiva tem sido frequentemente utilizada, principalmente para o fechamento de defeitos secundários à remoção de neoplasias. As neoplasias de glândula perianal geralmente acometem cães machos, inteiros e de meia idade à idosos. Dentre os tumores desta glândula, os adenocarcinomas são menos frequentes quando comparados aos adenomas e exigem excisão cirúrgica com margem de segurança, tornando o defeito secundário maior e, muitas vezes, sendo necessário a utilização de técnicas reconstrutivas para o seu fechamento. O presente trabalho objetiva descrever o caso de um canino que apresentava um nódulo em região perianal, na base da cauda, e o uso da cirurgia reconstrutiva para o fechamento do defeito oriundo da excisão cirúrgica nessa região. Foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário, um canino, macho, sem raça definida (SRD), de 12 anos de idade, apresentando um nódulo na região perianal, na base da cauda, há cerca de três meses que, segundo exame histopatológico após a remoção, tratava-se de um adenocarcinoma de glândula perianal. Para a remoção cirúrgica do tumor, foi necessária a utilização de reconstrução com flape de rotação de padrão axial caudal lateral superficial, resultando no fechamento completo do defeito cirúrgico, retorno funcional da área afetada, perfusão adequada, bons resultados estéticos, ausência de grandes complicações e permitindo a remoção da neoplasia com ampla margem de segurança, confirmando o sucesso da técnica escolhida.

The growing demand for companion animals such as dogs and breed cats has mobilized the trade, causing the number of kennels and cats to increase. In these establishments, there are some losses in the production of the reproduction of these animals. There is also a concern to keep some canids and wild felids that can sometimes be at risk of extinction or very close to it, with some in captivity enabling research of pathologies that can intervene in their procreation. Based on studies it is possible to verify that there are infectious diseases capable of harming in some way the reproduction of canids and felids, such as herpesvirus, toxoplasmosis, brucellosis, feline leukemia virus, and feline immunodeficiency virus.

In the clinical routine of small animals, the occurrence of foreign bodies (FB) in the digestive tract is routine, especially in dogs and cats with uncontrolled eating habits and puppies. In dogs, the main occurrence is bones, and in cats, linear materials. Surgical removal is usually the effective method in the treatment of esophageal FB, and endoscopy is the technique of choice, however, in some cases, it is recommended to perform thoracotomy with esophagotomy, as it presents the best results in surgical resolution. The objective of this study is to report the case of a two-year-old Labrador canine who was treated by the Ophthalmology and Surgery Sector of the University Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Maria (HVU-UFSM) and who presented esophageal obstruction by the body and tranche. After the diagnosis and with the results of the complementary comb exams, the patient was submitted to thoracotomy with esophagotomy for the removal of the FB. In the intraoperative period, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antibiotic medications were used, as follows: dipyrone 25 mg/kg, TID, tramadol hydrochloride 4 mg/kg, TID, meloxicam 0.1 mg/kg SID and ceftaroline 30 mg/kg BID, all intravenous lines. On the third day after surgery, the patient was discharged without complications. The same medications were prescribed for home administration, replacing the route of administration for the oral route and the antibiotic for cefalexin 30mg/kg. The surgical approach chosen for the treatment was indicated by the size and location of the FB in the esophagus. Thus, it is concluded that the use of this technique provides the removal with the visualization of the viability of the layers and sofic and demonstrates excellent results with a return to routine activities.

A cirurgia reconstrutiva tem sido frequentemente utilizada, principalmente para o fechamento de defeitos secundários à remoção de neoplasias. As neoplasias de glândula perianal geralmente acometem cães machos, inteiros e de meia idade à idosos. Dentre os tumores desta glândula, os adenocarcinomas são menos frequentes quando comparados aos adenomas e exigem excisão cirúrgica com margem de segurança, tornando o defeito secundário maior e, muitas vezes, sendo necessário a utilização de técnicas reconstrutivas para o seu fechamento. O presente trabalho objetiva descrever o caso de um canino que apresentava um nódulo em região perianal, na base da cauda, e o uso da cirurgia reconstrutiva para o fechamento do defeito oriundo da excisão cirúrgica nessa região. Foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário, um canino, macho, sem raça definida (SRD), de 12 anos de idade, apresentando um nódulo na região perianal, na base da cauda, há cerca de três meses que, segundo exame histopatológico após a remoção, tratava-se de um adenocarcinoma de glândula perianal. Para a remoção cirúrgica do tumor, foi necessária a utilização de reconstrução com flape de rotação de padrão axial caudal lateral superficial, resultando no fechamento completo do defeito cirúrgico, retorno funcional da área afetada, perfusão adequada, bons resultados estéticos, ausência de grandes complicações e permitindo a remoção da neoplasia com ampla margem de segurança, confirmando o sucesso da técnica escolhida.

Background: In the routine care of non-human primates, ocular trauma is frequent, however, unlike the small animal clinic, the prevalence of corneal ulcers is not documented. Among the numerous therapeutic options available in dogs, blood serum is being increasingly used as an adjuvant treatment in these conditions, due to its tear-like properties. Based on this, the present study aims to describe a case of corneal ulcer in a southern brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans) attacked by a porcupine, and the use of heterologous serum obtained from an equine as an adjuvant treatment. Case: A southern brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans), which had been attacked by porcupine quills, was treated at a University Veterinary Hospital. During the clinical examination, the presence of blepharospasm and secretion in the right eye was noticed. The ophthalmological examination, through the fluorescein test, detected the presence of an extensive superficial corneal ulcer in the right eye. After removing the spines, the corneal ulcer was treated with tobramycin-based eye drops, 1% atropine sulfate eye drops, and serum from equine blood in the form of eye drops, as an adjuvant therapy. After 5 days of treatment, the fluorescein test was repeated, which was negative in both eyes due to complete healing of the lesion, and thus the treatment was concluded. Discussion: The scarcity of scientific literature on wild animals is one of the factors responsible for the difficulty in advancing clinical and surgical procedures in non-human primates. Corneal ulcers are characterized by the loss of corneal epithelium with exposure of the stroma. The main clinical treatments adopted include antimicrobial therapy, analgesics, lubricating agents, and antiprotease drugs. Widely used as an adjuvant therapy in corneal ulcers in small animals, blood serum presents some advantages, as it is rich in growth factors, vitamins, immunoglobulins, and anti-collagenolytic substances, in addition to being obtained for a low cost. Considering the aforementioned, in the case reported, it was decided to use blood serum obtained from an equine as an adjuvant treatment of the corneal ulcer in a southern brown howler monkey. Complete healing of the corneal ulcer was confirmed in just five days, contributing to the well-being of this animal and contributing to the evolution of ophthalmology in this species that is still poorly studied. Keywords: corneal ulcer, southern brown howler monkey, heterologous serum. Título: Úlcera de córnea em bugio-ruivo (Alouatta guariba clamitans) - tratamento com soro heterólogo. Descritores: úlcera de córnea, bugio-ruivo, soro heterólogo., Background: Na rotina de atendimentos de primatas não-humanos, traumas oculares costumam ser frequentes, porém, diferentemente da clínica de pequenos animais, a prevalência das úlceras de córnea não é documentada. Dentre as inúmeras opções terapêuticas em cães, o soro sanguíneo tem sido cada vez mais utilizado como tratamento adjuvante nestas afecções devido às suas propriedades semelhantes à lágrima. A partir disso, o presente estudo tem por objetivo descrever um caso de úlcera de córnea em um bugio-ruivo (Alouatta guariba clamitans) atacado por ouriço e a utilização do soro heterólogo obtido a partir de um equino como tratamento adjuvante. Case: Um bugio-ruivo (Alouatta guariba clamitans), que havia sido atacado por espinhos de ouriço, foi atendido em um Hospital Veterinário Universitário. Durante o exame clínico, percebeu-se a presença de blefaroespasmo e secreção no olho direito e, então, prosseguiu-se com o exame oftalmológico que, através do teste de fluoresceína, detectou a presença de extensa úlcera de córnea superficial no olho direito. Após a remoção dos espinhos, iniciou-se o tratamento da úlcera corneana com colírio a base de Tobramicina, colírio de Sulfato de atropina 1% e soro proveniente de sangue equino em forma de colírio como terapia adjuvante. Após 5 dias de tratamento, repetiu-se o teste de fluoresceína, que foi negativo em ambos os olhos devido à cicatrização completa da lesão e, assim, o tratamento foi concluído. Discussion: A escassez de literatura científica em animais selvagens é um dos responsáveis pela dificuldade dos avanços de procedimentos clínicos e cirúrgicos em primatas não-humanos. As úlceras de córnea são caracterizadas pela perda do epitélio corneano com exposição do estroma e os principais tratamentos clínicos adotados referem-se à terapia antimicrobiana, analgésicos, agentes lubrificantes e aos fármacos antiproteases. Amplamente utilizado como terapia adjuvante nas úlceras de córnea de pequenos animais, o soro sanguíneo apresenta algumas vantagens pois é rico em fatores de crescimento, vitaminas, imunoglobulinas e substâncias anticolagenolíticas, além de possuir baixo custo para sua obtenção. A partir disso, no caso relatado, optou-se pela utilização do soro sanguíneo obtido a partir de um equino como tratamento adjuvante de úlcera de córnea em um bugio-ruivo, o que corroborou para a cicatrização completa da úlcera de córnea em apenas cinco dias, contribuindo para o bem-estar dessa espécie e colaborando para a evolução da oftalmologia em espécies ainda pouco estudadas. Descritores: úlcera de córnea, bugio-ruivo, soro heterólogo.

Background: Due to its ocular microflora, the equine species is predisposed to develop mycotic ulcers which, when not properly treated, can lead to the formation of a stromal abscess. A stromal abscess occurs through the introduction of microorganisms into the corneal stroma. During re-epithelialization, the foreign body is encapsulated, thus creating a barrier that protects bacteria or fungi from treatment with antimicrobial medication. This framework can end up resulting in blindness due to chronic iridocyclitis, putting the animal's vision at risk. The current work aims to report a case of corrective surgery for stromal abscess in a mare with the administration of intraoperative intrastromal fluconazole, in order to corroborate the effectiveness of the technique. Case: A 9-year-old mare was evaluated, with the complaint that her right eye was closed and “yellowish” and that she had already been treated with intramuscular injectable anti-inflammatory drugs based on flunexin meglumine (Banamine® - 50 mg) for 15 days, referring to a possible ulcer in the right eye. Ophthalmic screening resulted in a negative direct reflex and no threat response in the right eye. Examination of the conjunctiva showed congestion and chemosis. Examination of the cornea of the right eye was negative for Fluorescein and Green Lissamine tests, and opacity and corneal neovascularization were noted. The final diagnosis was a corneal abscess of probable fungal origin secondary to a keratomycosis. After the consultation, complementary blood and biochemical tests were performed, which showed normal results for the species in question, and treatment was started with eye drops based on atropine 1% (Fagra® - 20 mL), ciprofloxacin antimicrobial eye drops (Ciprovet Colirio® - 5 mL), and antifungal eye drops based on ketoconazole 1% (manipulated), in addition to an intramuscular injectable anti-inflammatory based on flunexin meglumine (Banamine® - 50 mg - 1.1 mg/kg SID) and an intramuscular injectable analgesic based on sodium dipyrone (Febrax® - 0.5 g - 15 mL/animal SID) until the day of surgery, which was booked for 3 days later. The surgical intervention was then instituted by the technique of anterior lamellar keratectomy followed by intrastromal hydration with fluconazole and the forming of a bipedicled flap, in order to remove the necrotic tissue and antigenic stimulation factors, while the conjunctival flap aimed to improve blood supply and protect the injured area, thus favoring local healing. For better postoperative quality for the animal, continuation of the same treatment as prior to surgery was prescribed for a period of 15 days. The return of the animal for the removal of the flap was scheduled for 45 days after surgery, however, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a delay of 135 days. When the animal returned the flap was still stable. A second surgery was instituted for the removal of the flap, during which it was possible to affirm that the cornea had recovered total integrity and partial transparency with only a leukoma in the previous location of the abscess.Discussion: The technique of anterior lamellar keratectomy together with the use of a conjunctiva flap for the treatment of stromal abscess in horses is a known technique that is used routinely, although some cases report the formation of a second infection in the same space. However, there are few reports on the use of intrastromal hydration with antifungal medication adjuvant to the surgical technique, which, as shown in this report, proved to be effective since even with the issue of a delay in removing the conjunctival flap, the eye remained whole and there was no second infection. The use of this technique can therefore be indicated for the treatment of stromal abscess in horses, given the safety that the application of intrastromal antifungal provides.Keywords: azole, abscess, stromal, keratectomy, ophthalmology, equine, mare.Descritores: azol, abscesso, estroma, ceratectomia, oftalmologia, equino, égua.

Background : The monk parakeet ( Myiopsitta monachus ) is also known as the quaker parrot and belongs to the order Psittaciformes in the family Psittacidae. The cloaca is a posterior orifice common to reproductive, digestive and urinary systems and the cloacal prolapse is the displacement or inversion of its anatomic position. Nowadays, the non-conventional pet market in Brazil is rapidly growing, which demands more skills and competences from an avian veterinarian. This study case has as its main objective to present a 40-day-old monk parakeet ( Myiopsitta monachus ) with cloacal prolapse, treated using the cloacoplasty technique. It is important to mention that the occurrence of cloacal prolapse in this species and in such an early age is uncommon. Case : The patient presented 1 day before the physical examination an increased volume in the cloacal region and hematochezia, and diagnosed as cloacal prolapse. For the treatment, wounds were washed using physiological saline solution, ice and sugar were applied in order to reduce the edema, and mineral oil was used for repositioning the cloacal mucosa. Finally, local anesthesia was applied and 2 isolated contralateral sutures were done with the objective of reducing the sphincter’s diameter, without compromising the flow of urine and feces. The monk parakeet was treated with antibiotic Avitrin®) [oxytetracycline hydrochloride - 8.1 mg/mL] and a vermifuge [mebendazole 50 mg/mL]. A sample of feces was also obtained and sent to the Laboratory of Avian Pathology Diagnosis. The patient was discharged after 7 days of the treatment, obtaining a favorable result with no further complications. Discussion : The results of the coproparasitological examination were negative for the samples analyzed; nevertheless, the possibility of a false negative result cannot be totally dismissed. Cloacal prolapse may be related to cases of hypersexual disorder or overexertion to defecate due to intestinal parasites, posture, polyps, enteritis, neoplasm or cloacal hyperplasia. Besides that, endoparasitism is common in captive birds. For the correct treatment, proceed with a cloacoplasty, in which 1 or 2 simple sutures are made separated laterally in both sides, promoting the narrowing of the orifice. The surgeries such as the cloacoplasty are currently being defended, but in most cases as an adjuvant therapy. Cloacal prolapse in birds is a disease considered as an intestinal emergency. The techniques presented in this work demand sedation or anesthesia for the patient, which were not authorized by the tutor due to the high risk involved. However, due to the characteristic of domestication and docile behavior of the bird, it was possible to perform the 2 sutures with a local anesthetic block only. Cloacal prolapse is relatively common in adult psittacine birds, but uncommon in monk parakeets and young birds. The treatment performed was effective for the monk-parakeet presented in this study case. The authors, however, would like to strongly reinforce the need to identify the cause of cloacal prolapse in order to properly treat it. The importance of correctly identifying the anatomy of a psittacine bird as well as applying precisely the suture techniques are the most important conclusions obtained, making both the identification of the problem and its solution through surgical intervention a simpler and successful process. Keywords: birds, endoparasites, suture, wild.