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Aim: To show the association between the expression level of hsa-miR-210 (miR-210) and tumor progression in prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: Quantitative PCR was performed to measure miR-210 on 55 subjects with different tumor stages; our results were then validated using three external datasets. ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc analysis were performed for comparative analyses between different tumor stages. Using the transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas for CaP, the gene expression analyses were performed on experimentally validated target genes of miR-210 identified in Tarbase and miRWalk datasets. Results & conclusion: miR-210 was significantly higher in N1 PCa compared with nonmetastatic PCa, whereas the metastatic tumor revealed a lower expression level of miR-210 than the primary tumor.

BACKGROUND Fresh tissue is mandatory to perform high-quality translation studies. Several models for tissue extraction from prostatectomy specimens without guidance by frozen sections are already introduced. However, little is known about the sampling efficacy of these models, which should provide representative tissue in adequate volumes, account for multifocality and heterogeneity of tumor, not violate the routine final pathological examination, and perform quickly without frozen section-based histological control. The aim of the study was to evaluate the sampling efficacy of the existing tissue extraction models without guidance by frozen sections (“blind”) and to develop an optimized model for tissue extraction. METHODS Five hundred thirty-three electronic maps of the tumor distribution in prostates from a single-center cohort of the patients subjected to radical prostatectomy were used for analysis. Six available models were evaluated in silico for their sampling efficacy. Additionally, a novel model achieving the best sampling efficacy was developed. RESULTS The available models showed high efficacies for sampling “any part” from the tumor (up to 100%), but were uniformly low in efficacy to sample all tumor foci from the specimens (with the best technique sampling only 51.6% of the all tumor foci). The novel 4-level extraction model achieved a sampling efficacy of 93.1% for all tumor foci. CONCLUSIONS The existing “blind” tissue extraction models from prostatectomy specimens without frozen sections control are suitable to target tumor tissues but these tissues do not represent the whole tumor. The novel 4-level model provides the highest sampling efficacy and a promising potential for integration into routine. Prostate © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

To evaluate whether the spatial distribution of prostate cancer (PCa) influences the concentration of prostate-specific antigen (PSA).An observational prospective study was performed in 775 consecutive men with preoperative PSA levels ≤20 ng/mL who underwent radical prostatectomy for organ-confined PCa. We evaluated prostate specimens using a cMDX-based map model of the prostate and determined the prostate volume, number of cancer foci, relative tumor volume, Gleason score, zone of origin, localization, and pathologic stage after stratification according to PSA levels categorized into 3 groups:4 ng/mL, 4-10 ng/mL, and 10.1-20 ng/mL. The distribution of 5254 PCa foci was analyzed after stratification according to PSA levels and visualized on heat maps. A logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the odds ratios of PSA levels for the presence of PCa in 16 regions.PCa with PSA4 ng/mL was predominantly localized to the apical part and the peripheral zone of the prostate. PCa with a PSA level 10.1-20 ng/mL (16.4% of cases) was observed more frequently in the anterior part and the base of the prostate than PCa with a PSA level4 or 4-10 ng/mL (6% and 10%, respectively).Preoperative PSA levels vary according to the spatial distribution of PCa in radical prostatectomy specimens. The probability of anterior PCa is increased with higher PSA serum levels. Regions of interest harboring the PCa can be defined according to preoperative PSA and prostate volume. These findings are useful to optimize the focal therapy or to adjust the radiation fields.

Objective To evaluate the spatial distribution of prostate cancer detected at a single positive biopsy (PBx) and a repeat PBx (rPBx). Patients and Methods We evaluated 533 consecutive men diagnosed with prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy using a clinical map document based on XML (cMDX©)-based map model of the prostate. We determined the number of cancer foci, relative tumour volume, Gleason score, zone of origin, localisation, and pathological stage after stratification according to the number of PBx sessions (PBx vs rPBx). The distribution of 3966 prostate cancer foci was analysed and visualised on heat maps. The colour gradient of the heat map was reduced to six colours representing the frequency classification of prostate cancer using an image posterisation effect. Additionally, the spatial distribution of organ-confined prostate cancer between PBx and rPBx was evaluated. Results Prostate cancer diagnosed on PBx was mostly localised to the apical portion and the peripheral zone of the prostate. Prostate cancer diagnosed on rPBx was more frequently found in the anterior portion and the base of the prostate. Organ-confined prostate cancer foci were mostly localised in the dorsolateral zone of the prostate in men at PBx, whereas men at rPBx had more prostate cancer foci in the anterior portion. Conclusions The spatial distribution of prostate cancer with rPBx differs significantly from the spatial distribution of prostate cancer with PBx. The whole anterior portion of the prostate should be considered by rPBx.

Dear Editor, Multicentric Castleman’s disease (MCD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by hypercytokinemia, undulating signs of systemic inflammation, generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and in severe cases vascular leak syndrome (VLS), organ failure, and death [1]. It is categorized into HHV8-positive MCD (HMCD), including HIV patients, and idiopathic MCD (iMCD). Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies are the mainstay of treatment. Whereas the antiCD20 antibody rituximab is preferentially advocated for HMCD [2, 3], the IL-6 disrupting antibodies tocilizumab and siltuximab are for iMCD [4]. We report the first case, to our knowledge, of a patient with severe iMCD responding with repeated long-lasting complete remissions (CR) to rituximab monotherapy and after failure a complete remission to allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). In July 2008, a 25-year-oldmanwas admitted to our intensive care unit with fever of unknown origin, acute renal failure, and elevated cholestatic parameters following an episode of an inflammatory bowel disease known since 1998. Further findings included pancytopenia (leukocytes 2.03×10/l, hemoglobin 7.4 g/dl, platelets 125×10/l), generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, petechial exanthema, and VLS with anasarca, ascites, and pleural effusions. CRP was 25.7 mg/dl, creatinine 3.1 mg/dl, bilirubin 2.8 mg/dl, gammaGT 179 U/l, AP 219 U/l, haptoglobin 230 mg/dl, and LDH 330 U/l. Direct bilirubin was elevated without sonographic cholestasis. Symptoms and laboratory parameters undulated. MCD was histologically diagnosed (Fig. 1a). HIV and HHV8 serology and PCR were negative. Nevertheless, we treated the patient with 4 cycles of weekly rituximab (375 mg/m), known to induce remissions in HMCD [2, 5–7]. In January 2009, final examination established clinical, laboratory (Fig. 1b) and CT-graphic CR with residual splenomegaly of uncertain significance. In July 2010 (18months disease free), iMCD relapsed, again preceded by episodes of inflammatory bowel disease. Reexposition to 4 cycles of rituximab achieved a second CR. In July 2013 (21months disease free), another severe relapse occurred. Therapy was escalated to 6 cycles R-CHOP-21 resulting in another CR. Unfortunately, disease relapsed 1 month thereafter and, in March 2014, progressed further despite 2-cycle salvage therapywith R-Dexa-BEAM, supposed to induce remission before high-dose therapy (HDT) and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Given this desperate situation, it was not proceeded to HDT and ASCT, but a donor search for alloSCTwas initiated, while rituximab (375 mg/m) and tocilizumab (8 mg/kg) were given every 4 weeks. Diseaserelated symptoms vanished completely for 5 cycles of this combination until August 2014; however, there was no response on PET-CT. Progressing again, conditioning with fludarabine * Linus Angenendt angenendt@uni-muenster.de