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In this study, we describe two new species of Eperua, E. cerradoensis and E. manausensis. Eperua cerradoensis is the first species of the genus described from the Cerrado Biome (Brazil); all other 16 species, including the other new species described here E. manausensis, are endemic to the Amazon region (Amazon basin and the Guiana Shield). Both species have short and erect inflorescences. Eperua cerradoensis has a non-tubular corolla, white petals, and exserted stamens, and is most similar to E. duckeana and E. schomburgkiana, from which it differs by the bracteole size and phenology, flower indumentum, besides other vegetative characteristics. Eperua manausensis has a tubular corolla, pink to purple petals, and inserted stamens, and it is most similar to E. grandiflora subsp. guyanensis, but differs from it by the bracteole position and phenology and flower indumentum. The type localities of both species are very unusual: a backyard (E. cerradoensis) and a botanical garden (E. manausensis). The two species have been collected in the last five years. These discoveries show that new undescribed species can be found even in more disturbed areas and that comprehensive knowledge of the flora requires new collections and more taxonomists.

The lack of diagnostic taxonomic characteristics in some species complexes leave the species delimitation of Oxytropis DC. unresolved. Seed morphological features have proved to be useful diagnostic and taxonomic characteristics in Fabaceae. However, there are few systematic studies on the seed characteristics of Oxytropis. Here, we used scanning electron and stereoscopic microscopy to investigate the seed characteristics of 35 samples obtained from 21 Oxytropis species from northwest China. Our examination showed two main types of hilum positions, terminal and central, and five different types of seed shapes: prolonged semielliptic, reniform, prolonged reniform, quadratic, and cardiform. Seven different sculpturing patterns were identified: scaled, regulated, lophate with stellated testa cells, simple reticulate, rough, compound reticulate, and lophate with rounded testa cells. The seeds ranged from 1.27 to 2.57 mm in length and from 1.18 to 2.02 mm in width, and the length-to-width ratio ranged from 0.89 to 1.55 mm. The seed shape was constant within species and was useful for species delimitation within the genus Oxytropis when combined with other macroscopic traits. In contrast, the sculpturing patterns were highly variable at the species level and could not be used for species identification. Results of the cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the seed traits of Oxytropis species are useful for taxa identification at the species level, but have low taxonomic value at the section level.

Flavonoids are one of the most popular antioxidants in plants. Their varied pharmacological activities are important for these compounds in order to add and to complement conventional therapy. Alcesefoliside and mauritianin are rare flavonol triglycosides, isolated from the overground part of A. monspessulanus subsp. monspessulanus. The aim of the study was to examine the in vitro effects of the isolated flavonoids on the contractility of a. basilaris. Administered alone, at concentration 10 µM, alcesefoliside and mauritianin did not influence the vascular tone of segment of a. basilaris. The combination of both compounds, at 10 µM, revealed an increased response of the vascular tone of a. basilaris. These effects of the flavonoids suggest their possible beneficial effect as further candidates in the complex therapy of neurodegenerative disease.

Martiodendron (Leguminosae/Fabaceae) is a Neotropical genus of trees and shrubs comprising five species. It is characterized by its yellow pentamerous corolla, four to five long poricidal anthers and large, attractive red samaras; it represents an intermediate stage of floral reduction among the 17 genera of the subfamily Dialioideae, which display diverse floral morphologies including different types of reduced flowers in the perianth and androecium. The last taxonomic revision of Martiodendron was published some 60 years ago and there is frequent misidentification of specimens in herbaria, databases, and floristic works with mistreatment of taxa and unclear geographic distributions. Thus, circumscriptions of the species and varieties of the genus require reassessment in light of the substantial new data that has become available during the last several decades. Here, we synthesized morphological, geographical, and ecological data on the genus to produce a modern integrative taxonomic treatment. Our taxonomic concepts are underpinned by analysis of 352 herbarium specimens and substantial fieldwork in South America. We recognize five species and four varieties of Martiodendron. All of these taxa display high levels of morphological and geographical cohesion. One of the varieties, M. mediterraneum var. concinnum, is described as new to science. Detailed descriptions of each recognized taxa are accompanied by illustrations, distribution maps, conservation status assessments, and complete nomenclatural treatments with four new lectotypifications. An identification key and a morphometric analysis of fruits are also provided.

Jiang, Kai-Wen, Chen, Yue, Li, Hua-Dong, Ma, Dan-Dan, Pan, Bo, Song, Zhu-Qiu, Wan, Kai-Yuan, Chen, Zheng-Hai, Li, Gen-You (2023): Weizhia (Fabaceae: Phaseoleae), a new endemic genus from East China supported by morphological and molecular evidence. Phytotaxa 603 (3): 235-248, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.603.3.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN

Weizhia pentaphylla G. Y. Li, Z. H. Chen, K. W. Jiang & B. Pan bis, gen. & sp. nov. (Figs. 3 and 4). Iẽk r yuè dòu téng l Type: CHINA. Zhejiang: Shengzhou, Shantouding, on the S slope, under the forest, moist place, alt. ca. 60 m, 3 October 2021 (fl. with young fruits), Y. Chen ZY08 (holotype: NPH001335!; isotype: NPH001336!). Generic-specific description: —Perennial twining climbers, herbaceous, wholly pubescent with spreading hairs except for the corolla and pod, ca. 1.5 m long, the overground part deciduous in winter. Roots woody, thick. Stems slender. Leaves pinnate, leaflets (3–)5(–7); stipules lanceolate, 2–2.5 mm, basifixed, persistent or caducous; petiole 3–7 cm; rachis between two pairs of lateral leaflets 2–4 cm, that of terminal leaflet 0.5–1.5 cm; stipels awl-shaped, 1–2 mm, persistent; petiolules blackish-brown, 1–2 mm; leaflets thinly chartaceous, terminal leaflet 2.5–5.6 × 1.4–5.3 cm, rhomboid-ovate to ovate, acuminate to acute at apex, broadly cuneate, rounded to truncate at base, mid-vein and lateral veins slightly prominent on the adaxial surface, lateral veins 4–5 pairs; lateral leaflets slightly oblique, 1.4–5.3 × 1.1–4.5 cm. Pseudoraceme axillary, 0.4–10 cm, occasionally branched at base, slightly to strongly nodose with 2–5 flowers per node; bract 1, awl-shaped, minute, borne at base of pedicels. Pedicels 2–4 mm, 5–6 mm when fruiting; bracteoles 2, resembling bracts, borne at base of calyx. Calyx shortly tubular, 5-lobed, purple, ca. 6 mm, the lowest lobe longest, broadly triangular, ca. 1.3 × 1.1 mm, lateral lobes broadly deltoid, ca. 1 × 1.3 mm, the upper two 0.6 × 2.1 mm, slightly connate, emarginate at apex. Corolla grayish-green initially, turns white with violet petal-tips when mature; standard sub-elliptic, blade ca. 27 × 13 mm, with a basal claw ca. 3.5 mm, and two auricles at the connecting point of the blade and the claw; wing petals sub-oblong, blade ca. 10 × 3.5 mm, basal claw ca. 4 mm, the side opposite the claw with a spur ca. 1 mm long; keel petals slightly falcate, blade ca. 10 × 4.5 mm, basal claw ca. 5 mm, auricle minute, ca. 0.5 mm. Stamens 10; filaments ca. 15 mm, the free part upcurved, glabrous; anther uniform, basifixed. Pistil ca. 14 mm; ovary slender, light green, ca. 9 mm; style upcurved, white, ca. 5 mm; stigma capitate. Pods linear-oblong, sometimes slightly curved, 3.6–7.7 cm, compressed, sparsely hairy when young, glabrescent, slightly turgid between the seeds, valves turn greyish-brown when mature, twisted along both sutures when dehiscent. Seeds ellipsoid, ca. 7 × 4 mm, black with light yellow-brown speckles, smooth, slightly glossy. Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— CHINA. Zhejiang: Shengzhou, Shengzhou Development Committee, Qianyuan Village, 2 October 2020, G. Y. Li, H. D. Li & Z. H. Chen SZ20100201 (ZM). Forest Park of Mt. Chenghuangshan, under the forest, roadside, alt. 60 m, 23 June 2021, Z. H. Chen, L. Chen, G. K. Chen & G. Y. Li SZ21062301 (ZM). ibid., under the sparse forest, near the walking trails, alt. 58 m, 12 October 2021, G. Y. Li, Z. H. Chen & D. D. Ma SZ21101201 (ZM). ibid., alt. 60 m, 12 October 2021, G. Y. Li, Z. H. Chen & D. D. Ma SZ21101202 (ZM). ibid., on the S slope, under the forest, moist place, alt. ca. 60 m, 21 August 2021, K. W. Jiang, Y. Chen & H. D. Li ZY01 (NPH). Distribution: — Weizhia pentaphylla is currently only known from its type locality in Shengzhou City, Zhejiang Province, E China (Fig. 5). Habitat: — Weizhia pentaphylla grows in shady and moist slopes under forest at an elevation from 60 to 100 m above sea level. Phenology: —Flowering usually in October, fruiting from October to November. Etymology: —The generic name, Weizhia, is in honor of Prof. Zhi Wei (1929–), a Chinese taxonomist at Zhejiang Museum of Natural History (ZM), who made outstanding contributions to the taxonomy of Chinese legumes. The epithet pentaphylla refers to the usually 5-foliolate pinnate leaves of the new species. The Chinese name of Weizhia pentaphylla is proposed here as Iẽk: I refers to the name of an ancient State (IOi, Yue Guo) in Zhejiang Province; ẽ means pea in Chinese; k means vines or lianas, referring to the climbing habit of the species. Conservation status: —In the type locality of Weizhia pentaphylla, only two populations with less than 20 individuals were discovered by the current authors, in which one population is located close to a residential area and is frequently disturbed by human activity. According to IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2022), here we considered this species as Critically Endangered (CR-D). Conservation work for this species is urgently needed. The ex situ conservation efforts are currently underway at Ningbo Botanical Garden and Jiyang College of Zhejiang A & F University.

Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Silva, Guilherme Sousa Da, Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas (2023): Unraveling the Enigma of Androcalymma (Fabaceae: Dialioideae): The Rediscovery of a Critically Endangered Legume Genus in the Heart of the Amazon. Phytotaxa 601 (2): 137-156, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.601.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.601.2.2

Androcalymma Dwyer. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 44(4): 295–297 (1957[1958]). Type: — Androcalymma glabrifolium Dwyer Androcalymma glabrifolium Dwyer. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 44(4): 295–297 (1958). Type: — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Municipality S„o Paulo de Olivença [currently Tabatinga]; basin of creek Belem, 26-X–11-XII-1936, Krukoff, B.A. 9005 (Holotype: MO!; Isotypes: A!; BM!; BR!; F!; G!; K!; K!; NY!; P!; S!; US!; U!; US!; WIS!) (Figures 2–6). Trees large to emergent, up to 30–40 m tall; trunk 35–46 cm in diameter. Buttresses strongly reduced to about 20 cm tall. Bark brown to slightly reddish, without peeling and presenting light roughness disposed of horizontal parallels lines along the entire trunk, bark internally reddish; yellow sapwood; without exudate. Branches terete, glabrous. Leaves imparipinnate, alternate, pulvinate; (12–) 15–20 cm long; rachis (3–) 4–11 cm long, terete, glabrous; petiole 1.7–2.5(–3) cm long, terete, glabrous; petiolules 3–8mm long, terete, glabrous; leaflets (3–)5–6(–7), rarely unifoliolate leaves at the bases of inflorescences, alternate to subopposite, rarely opposite, elliptical to ovate to slightly oblong, base obtuse, apex acuminate, entire margin, the larger ones with (8–)9–11(–17.5) × (3.8–)4.2–5.8(–7.8) cm, commonly the terminal leaflet a little smaller than the medial ones; completely glabrous, discolors, glossy and darker adaxially, matte and lighter abaxially, venation brochidodromous, central vein prominent abaxially, pressed adaxially. Stipules and axillary buds elliptical, 1–2 mm long; Inflorescences thyrsoids, distichous, compound, terminal or axillary, sometimes forming sinflorescences, 5–13(–16) × 2–10(–15) cm, olive to yellowish, pubescent; two bracts subtending triads of flowers or inflorescence axes, caducous, oblong to elliptical, apex obtuse to acuminate; bracteoles absent. Flower buds globose to elliptical, 7 × 4 mm; pedicels 1–2 mm long; flower odoriferous, measuring about 1 × 1 cm in full anthesis; receptacle almost shallow with a short hypanthium formed by an elevation of tissue below the stamens and petals so the carpel fits into a shallow and pubescent cavity; calyx asymmetric, imbricate, heteromorphic, five sepals, free, the two lateral ones more internal, pubescent externally, glabrous internally, with uncinate trichomes at its margins, cream to greenish, the abaxial and one of the adaxial sepals darker, thicker and shorter than the others, oblong, base truncate, 3–4 × 2 mm, the two lateral and the other adaxial sepals obovate, slightly unguiculate, 4–5 × 2.5–3 mm, all sepals with obtuse apex and conspicuous venation, not reflexed at anthesis, forming an angle of about 45° with the receptacle, falling after the petals and stamens; corolla slightly zygomorphic, with five petals, free, imbricate, the adaxial one generally external and the two abaxial internal, sometimes each of five petals covering one of the adjacent petals, the adaxial one slightly wider than the others, white, pubescent externally, glabrous internally, oblong to obovate, margin undulated, unguiculate, 6–8 × 2–3.5 mm, the central nervure visible, curved out from its middle point to its apex, not completely opening and not becoming patent at anthesis, thus forming a pseudo-tube from its base to middle portion; androecium zygomorphic, with 4 stamens, free, filaments as thicker as the anthers, 3–4 × 0.5 mm, white, terete, slightly clavate, with sparse straight trichomes at its apex, connected to the anther by a pointed and apical apiculus; anthers oblong, 0.6–0.8 × 0.5 mm, yellow, basifixed, sub-versatile, introrse, tetrasporangiate, the two external microsporangia slightly shorter than the two internal ones, poricidal, opening through two separated and apical pores on the two internal microsporangia, with uncinate trichomes at its connective and apex, the anthers inflexed downwards in direction of the carpel; pollen tricolpate, tri-porate, with perforated ornamentation; gynoecium monocarpellate, rarely bicarpellate, sessile, elliptical, laterally compressed, light green, 2.5–4 × 1–2 mm, densely pubescent, with uncinate shorter trichomes and straight longer trichomes, 1–3 ovules with parietal placentation, reduced style, glabrous, stigma punctate, with papillose surface. Fruits green when young, samaroid, with an adaxial reduced wing marked by a suture, laterally compressed, slightly stipitate, asymmetrical, straighter at its abaxial margin, curved adaxially, base obtuse, apex acute, sparsely pubescent 2 × 1 cm when immature; maximum size, seeds and seedlings still unknown. Diagnosis:— Androcalymma can be distinguished from all other Fabaceae genera by the following set of characters: imparipinnate leaves; distichous compound thyrsoids, heteromorphic calyx with five sepals, the abaxial and one of the adaxial ones thicker and shorter than the others; five white petals that do not open completely at anthesis forming a pseudo-tube; four stamens with filaments apiculate at their apex and as thick as the anthers; anthers inflexed downwards to the elliptical carpel with reduced style; short hypanthium; samaroid fruits with one reduced adaxial wing. Distribution, Habitat, and Ecology:— The species is endemic to the Brazilian state of Amazonas, the municipality of Tabatinga, in the terra firme ombrophilous dense forests of the Belem Creek, a river associated with the Alto Rio Solimıes basin (Figure 1). The species occurs in clayed and humid soils. It is interesting to note that, beyond the Brazilian-Colombian border, there is a national park (Amacayacu National Park) and, accessing the collections from this area in COAH and COL herbaria in Colombia, we couldn’t find any trace of Androcalymma, with no evidence so far that the plant distribution crosses the border, even being no more than 30km from the specimens collected. However, given such a small distance and the similarity between the environments on both sides of the border, it is likely that the species also occurs in Colombia. As mentioned in Falc„o et al. (2022), the association of this genus with the more humid areas of South America contrasts with several other genera of Dialioideae and associates with Dicorynia, a genus with similar ecological preferences. We found at least three specimens of Androcalymma less than 200m apart. After seeing the first tree, it was easy to locate the others, indicating that the species is probably not rare in that area. However, it could not be found in further regions visited by us or by previous expeditions, and, even among the natives that strongly know the flora of their land, the tree was completely unknown until we found it, and its vernacular name is probably given due to wood characters similar to other known species. Such facts may indicate that, although occasional in that small pocket of forest, the genus could be rare or absent in other regions. Seeking information about Krukoff’s seventh expedition to the area, we observed that he used a destructive collection method, cutting down tall trees to facilitate obtaining flowering branches (Landrum, 1986). As the collection of Androcalymma indicates a tree over 30 meters high, it is possible that this was one of the individuals who fell. Interestingly, Krukoff possibly saw only one tree and made two different collection numbers (9005 and 8827) from the same specimen (Koeppen, 1963). So, the only tree found before our recent collections was possibly killed by its collector. The flowers are strongly odoriferous, at least during the morning, and its flower morphology indicates a possible bee pollination syndrome, similar to its sister genus Dicorynia, with the main difference that Androcalymma flowers are smaller and may be pollinated by small species of bees. Although Dicorynia, specially Dicorynia paraensis var. macrophylla (Ducke 1932: 731) R.C. Koeppen (1967: 53), occurs relatively close to the area of occurrence of Androcalymma and with considerable abundance, being, in fact, one of the most common legume trees found by us there, they do not share environments. Dicorynia is restricted to areas close to rivers margins (varzeas) and Androcalymma on upland forests (terra firme) about 1-2 km from the river’s margins (Falc„o et al. 2022; present work). Etymology: — Dwyer (1958) named the genus based on the form and position of the anthers, similar to a drawn cowl. The glabrous leaflets led to the specific epithet. Phenology: —Flowering in November to December. Fruiting from December.Although there are no precise dates to the collection by Krukoff (the labels and field notes indicate only the entire trip occurring from 26-X to 11-XII-1936), we calculate the amount of collections made by him in that trip and get a rough estimate of Androcalymma collection occurring from 20-XI to 10-XII which helped us to properly set the date of our expedition on which the tree was found in 11-XII. Uses:—There are no reported uses for the tree, and the natives indicate its timber as of bad quality. Conservation: —We calculate a reduced AOO of 8 km ² and an EOO of 0.0007 km ² for the species due to its known limited distribution. Although Androcalymma occurs inside a legally protected indigenous land (Evare I) (Figure 1) and close to a small village whose population generates a relatively small impact on its surrounding jungle, which is mostly preserved, the indigenous land as a whole has been suffering intense impact due to invasions, illegal deforestation, hunting, mining, and fishing, in addition to the absence of public policies to generate more ecologically sustainable life alternatives for the growing indigenous populations of some of the largest villages in the region. Such facts indicate a high level of threat based mainly on IUCN (2019) criteria B and D. Thus, we infer here a preliminary critically endangered (CR) status for Androcalymma glabrifolium. Vernacular Names: —The Ticuna people call the tree Yib̧çne, which could mean “rotten wood”. But, as mentioned above, even the natives did not know the species previously, so such name can be generic to trees with similar timber. Herbarium Comments:— It is interesting to note that a Brazilian endemic genus wasn’t represented in Brazilian herbaria until now, with all extant duplicates of Krukoff’s collection in herbaria through the USA and Europe. Koeppen (1963) cited that a possible duplicate could exist at the herbarium of Rio de Janeiro, not specifying if it was in R or RB. After searching those herbaria, no specimen of the genus was found. So, if one of Krukoff’s duplicates was sent to a Brazilian herbarium, it was probably lost or destroyed. Taxonomic Comments:— Here we strongly supported Androcalymma as sister of Dicorynia and could add several new similarities that connect the two genera (Figures 7–8), besides the characters proposed by Dwyer and Koeppen (1958; 1963). Dwyer pointed out some vegetative and floral characteristics that would bring the genus closer to Dicorynia and Martiodendron. In addition to the distribution of the three genera in the Amazon, the author mentioned the imbricated sepals and petals arising from a fleshy receptacle, the absence of hypanthium, the few stamens partially surrounding the ovary, the ovary with a short stipe, the flowers arranged in small cymes and the leaves with alternate or opposite leaflets (Dwyer, 1958). However, we observed that some of these comparisons do not fully proceed: 1) the imbrication of the sepals of Dicorynia and Androcalymma is intense, with the two lateral sepals much more internal than the others, while in Martiodendron, the sepals are almost valvar, slightly covering each other at the margins; 2) Martiodendron ’s receptacle is shallow, while Dicorynia and Androcalymma have a short hypanthium (Figure 6P; Falc„o et al., in prep); 3) the flowers on cymes and alternate leaflets are possible synapomorphies of the entire or almost entire subfamily Dialioideae, not useful to delimit these restricted clades. (Falc„o et al., 2022; 2023; in prep.; present work). To separate the three genera, Dwyer (1958) scores in Androcalymma the exceptionally shorter style (Figure 6O) than in Dicorynia and Martiodendron, the longer filaments and much shorter anthers than in Martiodendron, and the numerous and much thinner filaments than those of Dicorynia, genus that has two stamens. However, even though Androcalymma filaments are thinner than those of Dicorynia, this is due to the stamens of the former being, as a whole, much smaller than those of the latter; the stamens of the two taxa are extremely similar due to the thickness of the filaments being like the thickness of the anthers (Figures 6B–E; 8A–B), while in Martiodendron and most of the other Dialioideae, the filaments are thinner than the anthers. Other exceptions are the African Distemonanthus Baill., some Asian Dialium, and the Malagasyan sister genera Eligmocarpus Capuron (1968: 205-208) and Baudouinia Baillon (1866: 193), which also possess thick filaments compared to their anthers. Koeppen (1963; 1978; & Iltis 1962) added new comparisons between genera, pointing out that Martiodendron and Androcalymma were the only members of the Cassieae tribe to have sclerified parenchyma cells in the wood. He also mentioned the absence of silica, differentiating the two genera from Dicorynia, Distemonanthus, Apuleia, and Dialium, taxa rich in silica. Koeppen also indicates that the wood of Dicorynia and Androcalymma are similar externally, but not in their microscopic structure. Between the wood of Martiodendron and Androcalymma, some differences are noted, such as the reddish heartwood of Martiodendron, differentiating it from the golden/brown heartwood of Androcalymma, and the stratified structure of the wood of Martiodendron, a character absent in Androcalymma (Koeppen, 1963). The unusual heteromorphy of the calyx of Androcalymma was pointed out by Koeppen (1963), citing the two outer sepals as shorter, broader, more pubescent, and concave than the three inner petaloid ones. Here we observe several similarities with the heteromorphic calyx of its sister genus Dicorynia. However, both have unique characteristics. In Dicorynia, the abaxial and the two adaxial outer sepals are thicker, darker, and broader. In contrast, the two lateral, internal sepals are petaloid and more unguiculate (Falc„o et al., 2022; in prep). In Androcalymma, there are only two sepals that are thicker, the abaxial and one of the adaxial. The other adaxial sepal is more similar to the two lateral ones, being those last three longer than the first two (Figure 5C), which also does not occur in Dicorynia. Another similarity between these two genera is that each sepal is slightly different from the other, and although we can divide the calyx into two groups with three and two sepals each (thicker × membranaceous); among the two thicker sepals, the abaxial one is the thickest, and among the three membranaceous sepals, the adaxial one is the thickest. This is also observed in Dicorynia where each sepal is thicker and larger than the next (Falc„o et al., 2022; in prep). The calyx in other genera of Dialioideae is homomorphic or, in a few cases, slightly heteromorphic, as in Distemonanthus and some Asian species of Dialium, like D. platysepalum where the two lateral sepals are slightly smaller (Figure 7). Koeppen (1963) points out a similarity between Androcalymma and Apuleia in the narrowing of the filaments at their insertion in the anthers forming an apiculus, possibly facilitating the anthers movement. Such was confirmed here (Figure 6H). Koeppen also points out that Apuleia may have four stamens, a similarity with Androcalymma. However, four stamens are an extremely rare anomaly restricted to staminate flowers of Apuleia, with carpels absent in such cases. Flowers with carpels have two stamens and rarely three, with all organs restricted to the same whorl. So, the meristic structure is not similar to Androcalymma (Falc„o et al., 2020b). Koeppen (1963) mentions that Androcalymma and Martiodendron have similar pollen grains, but he did not show images. However, in his review of Dicorynia, Koeppen (1967) points out that the pollen of this genus is similar to Martiodendron. We compared Androcalymma pollen (Figure 6J) to other Dialioideae, notably Dicorynia (Falc„o et al., 2022; in prep) and Martiodendron (Falc„o et al., 2023). Androcalymma pollen resemble more those of Dicorynia, with colpi not extending to the pole of the grain and with a less uniform arrangement of perforations in their exine ornamentation. In Martiodendron, the perforations are more evenly distributed, and its shape is more uniform. Besides that, the colpi generally extend to the poles. Koeppen (1963) also states that Androcalymma and the Amazonian populations of Apuleia have similar short styles. Although some populations of Apuleia have short styles, this is a variable character and even the smaller styles of Apuleia are more differentiated than the reduced styles of Androcalymma, also having a large discoidal stigma, while Androcalymma has a minuscule punctate stigma (Figure 6O; Falc„o et al., 2020b; in prep.). Koeppen (1963) correctly scores in Androcalymma the presence of 2–3 ovules, another similarity with Dicorynia, which has 2–6 ovules, while Martiodendron has only one ovule in the carpel, reflected in its large monospermic fruit (Figure 6M; Falc„o et al., 2022; 2023). Among the other new characters observed in the present work are: 1. Leaflets of Androcalymma and Dicorynia are the most similar in shape and venation pattern (Figure 8C–D). 2. The branching pattern of the thyrsoids in Androcalymma resembles much more the one found in some varieties of Dicorynia than the patterns found in Martiodendron and Dialium. In Androcalymma and Dicorynia, the secondary branches of the thyrsoids are generally angled strongly upwards and, in Martiodendron and Dialium, they extend horizontally (Figures 8E–F). On the other hand, the thyrsoids of Androcalymma are generally smaller and few-flowered than in other Dialioideae, including Dicorynia. The smaller number of flowers is possibly due to the abortion of lateral meristems of cymes resulting in, generally, one flower and not, Published as part of Falcão, Marcus José De Azevedo, Silva, Guilherme Sousa Da, Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso & Mansano, Vidal De Freitas, 2023, Unraveling the Enigma of Androcalymma (Fabaceae: Dialioideae): The Rediscovery of a Critically Endangered Legume Genus in the Heart of the Amazon, pp. 137-156 in Phytotaxa 601 (2) on pages 141-153, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.601.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/8129568, {"references":["Landrum, L. R. (1986) The life and botanical accomplishments of Boris Alexander Krukoff (1898 - 1983). New York Botanical Garden. 94 pp.","Koeppen, R. C. (1963) Observations on Androcalymma (Cassieae, Caesalpiniaceae). Brittonia 15 (2): 145 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2805401","Ducke, A. (1932) Especes Nouvelles de Plantes de L'Amazonie Bresilienne. Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle. ser. 2. 4 (6): 720 - 749.","Koeppen, R. C. (1967) Revision of Dicorynia (Cassieae, Caesalpiniaceae). Brittonia 19: 42 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2805082","Dwyer, J. D. (1958) Androcalymma, a New Genus of the Tribe Cassieae (Caesalpiniaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 44 (4): 295 - 297. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2394647","IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee. (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf (Accessed 19 October 2021).","Capuron, R. P. R. (1968) Contributions a l'etude de la flore forestiere de Madagascar: A. notes sur quelques Cassiees malgaches (2 ° partie). - B. Les Swartiziees de Madagascar. Adansonia 8 (2): 199 - 222.","Baillon, H. E. (1866) Etudes sur L'herbier du Gabon. Adansonia. 6: 177 - 230.","Koeppen, R. C. (1978) Similarities of Apuleia and Distemonanthus. IAWA Bulletin (2 - 3): 49.","Lewis, G. P., Schrire, B., Mackinder, B. & Lock, M. (2005) Legumes of the World. Royal Botanic Gardens. Kew, UK. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25065563","Chun, W. Y. (1946) A new genus in the Chinese flora. Sunyatsenia 6 (3 - 4): 195 - 198.","Zimmerman, E., Prenner, G. & Bruneau, A. (2013) Floral ontogeny in Dialiinae (Caesalpinioideae: Cassieae), a study in organ loss and instability. South African Journal of Botany 89: 188 - 209. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. sajb. 2013.06.020","Tucker, S. C. (1998) Floral ontogeny in legume genera Petalostylis, Labichea, and Dialium (Caesalpinioideae: Cassieae), a series in floral reduction. American Journal of Botany 85: 184 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2446307","Zimmerman, E., Herendeen, P. S., Lewis, G. P. & Bruneau, A. (2017) Floral evolution and phylogeny of the Dialioideae, a diverse subfamily of tropical legumes. American Journal of Botany 104: 1019 - 1041. https: // doi. org / 10.3732 / ajb. 1600436","Kates, H. R., O'Meara, B. C., LaFrance, R., Stull, G. W., James, E. K., Conde, D., Liu, S., Tian, Q., Yi, T., Kirst, M., Ane, J. - M., Soltis, D. E., Guralnick, R. P., Soltis, P. S. & Folk, R. A. (2022) Two shifts in evolutionary lability underlie independent gains and losses of rootnodule symbiosis in a single clade of plants. bioRxiv 2022 - 07. https: // doi. org / 10.1101 / 2022.07.31.502231","Harms, H. A. T. (1899) Leguminosae Africanae. In: Engler, A. Beitrage zur Flora von Afrika. Botanische Jahrb ¸ cher f ¸ r Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 26: 235 - 245.","Amshoff, G. J. H. (1939) On South American Papilionaceae. Mededeelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijks. Universiteit te Utrecht 52: 28 - 31.","Bentham, G. (1840) Schomburgk's Guiana Plants. Journal of Botany, being a second series of the Botanical Miscellany 2: 82 - 83.","Baker, W. J., Bailey, P., Barber, V., Barker, A., Bellot, S., Bishop, D., Botigue, L. R., Brewer, G., Carruthers, T., Clarkson, J. J., Cook, J., Cowan, R. S., Dodsworth, S., Epitawalage, N., Francoso, E., Gallego, B., Johnson, M. G., Kim, J. T., Leempoel, K., Maurin, O., Mcginnie, C., Pokorny, L., Roy, S., Stone, M., Toledo, E., Wickett, N. J., Zuntini, A. R., Eiserhardt, W. L., Kersey, P. J., Leitch, I. J. & Forest, F. (2022) A Comprehensive Phylogenomic Platform for Exploring the Angiosperm Tree of Life. Systematic Biology 71: 301 - 319. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / sysbio / syab 035"]}

Guerra, Ethiéne, Soares, Marcos Vinicius Batista, Morim, Marli Pires, Iganci, João Ricardo Vieira (2023): Circumscription of Abarema (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoid clade). Phytotaxa 601 (1): 51-60, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.601.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.601.1.3

2. Abarema diamantina E.Guerra, Iganci & M.P.Morim in Phytotaxa 289 (1): 77. 2016. Type:— BRASIL. Bahia: Morro do Chapéu, Estrada do Feij „o, trecho da estrada conhecido como Coreia, 9 a 10 km de Morro do Chapéu [BA 052] km 259 até km 260, 11°35’44,18’’S 41°04’11,10’’W, 982 m elev., 21 March 2016, E. Guerra 149 (holotype ICN!, isotypes HUEFS!, RB!). Fig 4 and additional illustrations in Guerra et al. (2016). Shrub 1–2.5 m. Stipules 0.5–1.5 mm long. Leaves with 1–4 pairs of pinnae; petiole 0.7–2.2 cm long; rachis 1.3–7 cm long; foliar nectaries on the rachis 1–1.4 mm diam., and on the rachillae of the pinnae 0.4 mm diam. Leaflets in 2–4 pairs per pinna, chartaceous and discolorous, light green on the adaxial surface, dark green on the abaxial surface, obovate to oblanceolate, the proximal leaflets (0.8–) 1.4–1.9 (–2.8) × (0.5–) 1–1.4 (–1.9) cm, the distal leaflets (2–) 2.7–3.7 (–4.2) × (1.2–) 1.9–2.3 (–2.5) cm, the apex rounded, sometimes emarginate, usually glabrous, sometimes puberulous on the primary vein of the abaxial surface, secondary veins prominent on both surfaces. Inflorescences peduncle 6.5–8.5 cm long; bracts not seen; bracteoles spatulate, 0.6 mm long, pubescent. Flowers sessile; calyx 2–2.5 mm long; corolla 4–6 mm long; stamens 1–1.3 cm, including a staminal tube 5.5–6 mm long, this exserted from the corolla; anthers 0.1 mm long; ovary puberulous, 1.3 mm long, truncate at the apex. Legumes 17–25 × 0.8–1.5 cm, apex acute. Seeds 7–8 × 5–6 mm, with a foveolate testa, mostly on the distal portion. Distribution and habitat: — Abarema diamantina has a narrowly restricted geographical distribution, being endemic to the Chapada Diamantina, in Bahia state, at Caatinga biome. Flowers and fruits information: —Flowers observed in December, old flowers observed in March, fruits observed from March to September. Conservation status: —The species is currently considered to be Data Deficient (DD) according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (2022). Further research on the distribution, population sizes and threats to the species is needed to check the conservation status. Notes: —Herbarium specimens of Abarema diamantina can be differentiated from A. cochliacarpos by their flowers (the staminal tube exserted from the corolla in A. diamantina vs. inserted in A. cochliacarpos) and their seeds (the testa foveolate in A. diamantina vs. smooth in A. cochliacarpos). Besides these differing reproductive characters, the two species can be distinguished in the field based on their habit (shrubby to 2.5 m tall in A. diamantina vs. a small to medium sized tree, 3–30 m tall in A. cochliacarpos). Selected material:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Morro do Chapéu, Distrito de Palmeiras, 11°55’S 41°15’W, 04.Dec.2002, M. E. R . Junqueira 169 (HUEFS); Estrada do Feij „o, trecho da estrada conhecido como Coréia, 9 a 10 km de Morro do Chapéu [BA 052] km 259 até km 260, 11°35’44,18’’S 41°04’11,10’’W, 982 m elev., 21.Mar.2016, E . Guerra 147; 148; 150 (ICN); Estrada para Torre, 27.Apr.1999, R. C . Forzza, A. M. Amorim & S. C. de Sant’ana 1397 (CEPEC, NY, RB, SPF); Serra Pé do Morro, 11°35’27S 41°12’24’’W, 1293 m elev., 29.Jun.1996, H. P . Bautista, N. Hind, A. M. Giulietti, R. Harley & S. Smith s.n. (SPF 130982).

1. Abarema cochliacarpos (Gomes) Barneby & J.W.Grimes (1996: 94) ≡ Mimosa cochliacarpos Gomes (1812: 34) Type:— BRAZIL. habitat in montibus, frequens, ut tratidur, in Brasiliae provinciis S. Paulo, et Minas Geraes; occurrit raro in Rio janeira. (Lectotype: Mem. Acad. Real. Sci. Lisboa: vol. 3, p l: 34–41, t. 4, fig. 3, designated by Iganci & Morim, 2009). Epitype:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Porto Seguro, BR–367, 12 km W de Porto Seguro, 27 Nov. 1979, S. A. Mori, A. M. Carvalho & D. Halloran s.n. (RB 204952!, designated by Iganci & Morim, 2009). ≡ Pithecolobium cochliocarpum (Gomes) Macbr. (1919: 3). = Pithecollobium auaremotemo Mart. (Martius 1837: 115) Type: not found. = Mimosa vaga Vell. (Vellozo 1831: tab 13) Type: Flora Fluminensis, vol.11, tab 13! Fig 3 and additional illustrations in Iganci & Morim (2009). Shrub or tree (2–) 3–30 m tall. Stipules 0.3–1.5 mm long, caducous. Leaves with (1–) 2–4 (–5) pairs of pinnae; petiole 0.5–6.5 cm long; rachis (1.5–) 5–9 (–18) cm long; foliar nectaries on the rachis 0.5–1 mm diam., and on the pinnae rachillae 0.09–0.8 mm diam. Leaflets 2–6 pairs per pinnae, membranaceous, discolorous when mature, light green on the adaxial surface, dark green on the abaxial surface, obovate to oblanceolate, apex acute to acuminate, sometimes rounded on the young leaflets, the proximal leaflets (0.6–) 1–2 (–3.1) × (0.4–) 0.8–1.5 (–2.1) cm, the distal leaflets (1.2–) 3.5–5.5 (–11.5) × (0.7–) 1.7–3 (–5) cm, the apex acute to acuminate, sometimes rounded on the young leaflets, glabrous, venation usually not prominent, but sometimes with prominent venation on the abaxial surface. Inflorescences peduncle (2.8–) 5–8 (–11) cm long; bracts 0.3–1.10 mm, caducous; bracteoles triangular 0.4 × 0.3 mm, and spatulate 0.35 × 0.12 mm, pubescent. Flowers sessile but a few flowers, generally at the base of some racemes, can have pedicels 0.10–0.40 (–0.88) mm long; calyx 1.2–2.8 mm long; corolla 4.1–7.8 mm long; stamens 9–18.3 mm long, including a staminal tube 3.1–7.5 mm long, this inserted in the corolla; anthers 0.06–0.3 mm long; ovary 0.8–1.7 mm long, glabrous, attenuate at the apex. Legumes (6.3–) 14–25 (–32) × 0.7–2.6 cm, apex rounded. Seeds 4–8.3 × 3.6–7.7 mm, with a smooth testa. Distribution and habitat: — Abarema cochliacarpos is distributed along the Brazilian coast, from the state of Rio Grande do Norte in the northeast to Rio de Janeiro in the southeast; it occurs in Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe, Bahia, Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais. In Bahia, in the Caatinga biome of the Chapada Diamantina it also occurs as an inland form. On the coast it occurs in Atlantic Forest sensu lato, including in: dense ombrophilous forest, semi-deciduous forest and restinga (coastal scrub). Flowers and fruits information: —Flowers and fruits observed all year long. Flowers mature principally from September to December. Fruits mature principally from January to March. Conservation status: —The species presents a large Extent of Occurrence (EOO 836,532.918 km ²) and in comparison, a reduced Area of Occurrence (AOO 2,736.000 km²). This difference could be due to distinct collection efforts, a natural fragmented distribution, and/or loss of habitat caused by ongoing exploitation and agricultural expansion. The species was assessed as of Least Concern (LC) by Watkinson (2012). Here, we confirm the assession as LC, according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (2022), as the species was found in protected areas along its distribution. Therefore, we reinforce that the ongoing fragmentation of habitat is a threat to the species. Notes: —Across its entire geographical range, Abarema cochliacarpos presents morphological variation in some characters, such as plant height, leaves and fruits. In the leaves, even within an individual, it is common to find a remarkable variation of number and size of leaflets. Barneby & Grimes (1996) commented that the fruits in the Northeast populations, as far south as Bahia, are thicker than in the remaining distribution area of the species. Lewis (1987) emphasized the occurrence of two different morphotypes in Bahia state, diagnosable principally by plant height. After detailed analyses of herbarium specimens, a morphometric study, and observation of populations in the field, we confirm that different morphotypes do exist and note that various environmental features are likely influencing the morphological variation observed (Guerra et al. 2019). We also observed that along the coast the species can be considered a pioneer, in secondary forests. In the northeast of Brazil, the species is commonly used in local medicine because of the presence of tannins; the stem bark is used in infusions to treat wounds and ulcers (Dias et al., 2012). Martius (1837) described Pithecollobium auaremotemo based on Mimosa cochliacarpos Gomes. He used the epithet “auaremotemo”, instead of “cochliacarpos”, following the first mention of the species by Pisonis: “ De Abaremo temo arbore, ejusque facultatibus” (Pisonis, 1658). Many later studies erroneously cited Martius’s work as the original description of the species. However, combinations based on the Martius binomial should be considered non-validly published names. Selected material:— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Armaç„o de Búzios, Rasa, 27.Aug.2004, H. G.Dantas 408 (ICN, RB); Reserva Tauá, 17.May.2005, R. D.Ribeiro et al. 467 (ICN, RB); Arraial do Cabo, Ilha de Cabo Frio, vertente N, 22.Nov.2001, C.Farney et al. 4413 (ICN, K, MBM, RB SPF, US), 01.Sept.2004, R. D.Ribeiro et al. 326 (RB), no Lageado após o farol velho, 17.Nov.2015, E.Guerra et al. 105, 106 (ICN), na parte baixa, 17.Nov.2015, E.Guerra et al. 107, 108 (ICN); Maricá, Ponta do Fund„o, margem da Lagoa da Barra, 03.Apr.1996, M. C. L . Ramos 1112 (ICN, RB); Nova Iguaçu, Parque Municipal de Nova Iguaçu, estrada da Cachoeira, 4.Sep.2002, M. C. F . Santos et al. 908 (RB); Rio de Janeiro, Chácara do Guimar „es, Leblon, 10.Oct.1947, O.X.deB.Machado s.n. (ICN, RB 76099); Estrada de acesso ao Corcovado, entrada do Sumaré, 16.Oct.1972, J.Almeida de Jesus 2036 (ICN, RB); subida para a Pedra da Gávea, 16.Apr.1974, D.Sucre et al. 10702 (ICN, RB); Parque Nacional da Tijuca, estrada para Corcovado, 22.Sep.1982, H. C.de Lima 1787 (ICN, RB); Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, seç„o XIV, canteiro A. indivíduo 3077, 28.Sep.1989, V. F . Gonçalves et al. 41 (ICN, RB); Maciço da Tijuca, 15.Apr.1994, J. M. A . Braga 1138 (RB); Paquetá, Morro do Parque Ducke, 9.May.1998, R. M . Araújo et al. 260 (ICN, RB); Floresta da Tijuca, Pedra da Gávea, Pé de Carrasqueira, 09.Mar.2004, R . D.Ribeiro et al. 97 (ICN, RB); Floresta Nacional da Tijuca, Vista Chinesa, 23.Nov.2015, E . Guerra et al. 109 (ICN), Published as part of Guerra, Ethiéne, Soares, Marcos Vinicius Batista, Morim, Marli Pires & Iganci, João Ricardo Vieira, 2023, Circumscription of Abarema (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoid clade), pp. 51-60 in Phytotaxa 601 (1) on pages 55-56, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.601.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8129458, {"references":["Gomes, B. A. (1812) Observacies Botanico-Medicas sobre Algumas Plantas do Brazil In: Memorias da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa, Vol. 3. part 1. pp. 1 - 104.","Iganci, J. R. V. & Morim, M. P. (2009) Abarema (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae) no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Rodriguesia 60: 581 - 594. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 2175 - 7860200960307","Martius, C. F. P. von. (1837) Herbarium Florae Brasiliensis. Flora oder Botanische Zeitung: welche Recensionen, Abhandlungen, Aufsatze, Neuigkeiten und Nachrichten, die Botanik betreffend, enthalt 20 (2): 1 - 128.","Vellozo, J. M. C. (1831) Flora fluminensis, vol. 11. tab 13.","Watkinson, G. (2012) Abarema cochliocarpos. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012: e. T 36560 A 20013204. https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2012. RLTS. T 36560 A 20013204. en","Barneby, R. C. & Grimes, J. W. (1996) Silk tree, Guanacaste, monkey's earring: a generic system for the synandrous Mimosaceae of the Americas. Part I. Abarema, Albizia, and allies. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 74. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, 292 pp.","Lewis, G. P. (1987) Legumes of Bahia. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 369 pp.","Guerra, E., Andrade, B. O., Morim, M. P. & Iganci, J. R. V. (2019) Taxonomic delimitation of species complexes: a challenge for conservation; first steps with the Abarema cochliacarpos complex. Systematic Botany 44 (4): 818 - 825. https: // doi. org / 10.1600 / 036364419 X 15710776741422","Dias, A. S., Lima, A. C. B., Santos, A. L. M. L., Rabelo, T. K., Serafini, M. R., Andrade, C. R., Fernandes, X. A., Moreira, J. C. F., Gelain, D. P., Estevam, C. S. & Araujo, B. S. (2012) Redox properties of Abarema cochliacarpos (Gomes) Barneby & Grimes (Fabaceae) stem bark ethanol extract and fractions. Natural Product Research 27: 1479 - 1483.","Pisonis, G. M. D. (1658) De Medicina Brasiliensi."]}

Abarema Pittier in Trab. Mus. Comercial Venezuela 2: 86. 1927. ≡ Pithecolobium sect. Abaremotemon Benth., London Journal of Botany 3: 203. 1844. Lectotype: Pithecollobiu m auaremotemo Mart. [= Abarema cochliacarpos (Gomes) Barneby & J.W.Grimes] (designated by Britton & Killip, 1936). (Fig 1) Shrubs and trees without spines; bark reddish, branches pubescent, pulverulent, with conspicuous lenticels; stipules triangular, brown-greenish, usually caducous. Leaves bipinnate, alternate; nectaries sessile, patelliform, situated between all pairs of pinnae and generally in the last pair of leaflets of each pinnae; petiole, rachis and pinnae rachillae with a ferruginous pubescent, pulverulent indumentum, canaliculate; pinnae opposite, one to five jugate, leaflets sessile, opposite, chartaceous or membranaceous, asymmetric, lanceolate, obovate or oblanceolate, indumentum present or not, venation brochidodromous. Inflorescences axillary, homomorphic, capitate racemes; peduncle with a ferruginous pubescent, pulverulent indumentum; bract triangular, pubescent, caducous; bracteoles spatulate, triangular, pubescent, usually caducous; flowers pentamerous; calyx green, campanulate, lobes 5, each lobe with apex acute and pilose; corolla green, campanulate, infundibuliform, lobes 5, each lobe with apex acute and pilose; androecium with many stamens (more than 10), white, exserted from the corolla, filaments partially fused into a tube, the fused portion inserted or exserted from the corolla; anthers dehiscing longitudinally; ovary superior, subsessile, truncate or attenuate at the apex, glabrous or pilose, stigma punctiform. Legumes spiraled, epicarp brown, with a ferruginous pulverulent indumentum, endocarp brown-orange; seeds obovate, bicolored white and dark bluish, with an open pleurogram, in the upper half of the seed, the basal portion of the pleurogram truncate. Distribution: —The genus occurs in coastal Atlantic Forest, from Rio de Janeiro state in Southeast Brazil to Rio Grande do Norte in Northeast Brazil. In inland Bahia, in Northeast Brazil, it also occurs in Caatinga vegetation (Fig 2). TWO SPECIES. Abarema cochliacarpos and Abarema diamantina. Identification key to the species of Abarema 1. Staminal tube inserted within the corolla; seeds with a smooth testa........................................................... Abarema cochliacarpos - Staminal tube exserted from the corolla; seeds with a foveolate testa.............................................................. Abarema diamantina, Published as part of Guerra, Ethiéne, Soares, Marcos Vinicius Batista, Morim, Marli Pires & Iganci, João Ricardo Vieira, 2023, Circumscription of Abarema (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoid clade), pp. 51-60 in Phytotaxa 601 (1) on pages 53-54, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.601.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8129458, {"references":["Britton, N. L. & Killip, E. P. (1936) Mimosaceae and Caesalpiniaceae of Colombia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 35: 101 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1749 - 6632.1933. tb 55366. x"]}

Patel, P. K. (2023): Clitoria ternatea L. var. angustifolia Hochst. ex Baker (Fabaceae): new varietal record to Asia from India. Adansonia (3) 45 (14): 267-271, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a14

Clitoria ternatea L. var. angustifolia Hochst. ex Baker f. (Fig. 1) Leguminosae of Tropical Africa: 428 (Baker 1929). SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — India. Gujarat, Morbi District, near Machchu river, Machchu Dam 3, 22°51’40N, 70°49’32E, 92 m a.s.l., 21.IV.2018, PKP 0722 (BSI!, Department of Botany Herbarium, SPT Arts & Science College, Godhra, Gujarat). Ethiopia. Ad radices montium in valle fluvii Tacaze, 18.VIII.1841, Schimper 1736 (G[G00015969 image!], P[P02779519, P02779523]). LECTOTYPE. — Ethiopia. Fluvium Tacaze prope Djeladjeranne, Abyssinia, 1.IX.1841, Schimper 1617 (lecto-, designated here, BM[BM000842757 image]!; isolecto-, P[P02779513, P02779514], TUB[TUB001563]). HABITAT. — Grows near wetlands, edges of crop fields. DISTRIBUTION. — Africa (Angola, Burundi, Chad, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire and Zambia) and Asia (India) (Fig. 1). DESCRIPTION A bush-like perennial herb with twining, climbing, or trailing branches up to 5 m long. Stem terete, slender, 1-3 mm thick, weakly striate, much branched near the woody base, infrequently branched above, pubescence strigose.Leaves 5 (7) foliate, rarely with 3 foliate leaf, green to silvery green, polymorphic in shape. Leaflets elongate, narrow, typically 4-15 (25) mm wide, linear, lanceolate, oblong, occasionally narrowly elliptic (leaflet size minute), apex obtuse, base rotund, pubescence on upper surface uncinate, dense to scattered, becoming glabrate, macroscopic trichomes lacking. Petioles 1-4 cm, shorter than the rachis, weakly striate, strigose-pubescent, rachis 2-7 cm, pubescence and striations similar to petiole, internode segments 1-2.5 cm long. Petiolules 1-3 mm long, uncinate-pubescent, densely strigose. Stipules persistent, linear, 4-10 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, pubescence uncinate and sparsely strigose. Stipels persistent, 1-3 mm long, acicular, reduced to a nerve, inconspicuous, uncinate-pubescent with sparse appressed trichomes. Inflorescence axillary, solitary, reduced to a short peduncle bearing one flower at its apex; peduncle 0.3-1.5 cm long, sparsely strigose. Pedicel 3-6 mm long, usually borne laterally from peduncle apex, straight or often bending at swollen base to form an obtuse to right angle with peduncle, uncinate-pubescent. Bracts 2, apparently the outer pair, ovate to lanceolate, acuminate to acute, spreading-ascending or weakly concave and appressed to pedicel when pedicel is terminally located, 2-4 (5) mm long, 1 mm wide, pubescence uncinate and more or less strigose. Bracteoles highly variable, broadly ovate to nearly orbicular, 4-11 mm diameter. Flowers small, (2.5) 3-4 cm, typically white, usually papilionaceous. Calyx subpellucid, more or less 10 nerved with a nerve extending to the apex of each lobe, tube 9-14 mm long, 4-5 mm wide near base expanding to 7-9 mm wide at the throat, lobes oblong. Vexillum pubescence uncinate and strigose dorsally, greenish-white medially and white peripherally, 1.5-3.5 cm wide, blade white. Stamens diadelphous, vexillary stamen nearly free, tube nearly straight, 14-18 mm long, incurved slightly last 2-4 mm, filaments free 3-4 mm; anthers lanceolate, 1-1.5 mm long, 0.6-0.9 mm wide. Gynophore 1-2 mm; ovary 5-8 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide; pubescence appressed, dense, white; style 12-14 mm long, base pubescent like that of ovary; stigma capitate, c. 0.7-0.8 mm in diameter. Legume subsessile, yellowish green to green becoming light brownish to tan, flat, valves linear-oblong to oblanceolate, nearly straight to weakly curved towards apex, margins sometimes wavy, infrequently minutely serrulate, pubescence short, strigose to spreading, and uncinate, typically (5) 6-10 cm long, 8-11 mm wide; stipe enclosed along with legume base within persistent calyx, 1-2 mm; beak 2-6 mm; dehiscence causing valves to twist 1-2 turns. Seeds yellowish brown turning black, smooth, subreniform, compressed, 1.5-2 mm thick, 4-5 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, 6-8 seeds per pod; hilum broad elliptic, 1 × 0.8 mm. NOTES Baker (1929) published Hochstetter’s varietal name, Clitoria ternatea var. angustifolia, and synonymized Vatke’s (1878) name Clitoria zanzibarensis. This variety is characterized by its round bracteoles, small flowers and narrower leaflets. Later botanists included De Wild’s (1925) name Clitoria mearnsii and Micheli’s (1897) name Clitoria tanganicensis as synonyms under the name Clitoria ternatea var. angustifolia. According to Wilczek (1954), this variety is distinguished by its narrow leaflets, rounded leaflet base, smaller white flowers, and smaller bracteoles. Several characteristics are present in these varieties. Leaflet length/width ratio, leaflet pubescence with uncinate hairs on the leaflet surface, leaflet width, flower length, and flower color are all included. Most specimens can be identified by their particular combination of characteristics. There are, however, a number of specimens with intermediate characteristics or with characteristics that are difficult to interpret. According to De Wild. (1925), Clitoria mearnsii is collected from Tanzania and deposited in BR herbarium (BR 0000006252830). As per Micheli’s (1897) Clitoria tanganicensis type material was gathered in Burundi and put away at BR (BR 0000008932587). Clitoria ternatea var. angustifolia (Schimper 1736) verified syntype material was collected in Abyssinia (Ethiopia), and it was deposited at herbaria BM (BM 000842761), G (G 00015967), and K (K 000418286). KEY TO THE INDIAN CLITORIA TERNATEA L. VARIETIES (ADAPTED FROM FANTZ 1977) 1. Flowers double, actinomorphic; stamens all free............................................................... var. pleniflora Fantz — Flowers papilionaceous; stamens diadelphous.............................................................................................. 2 2. Leaflets narrow and elongated; leaflet shape linear, lanceolate, oblong, lanceolate-oblong, or narrow elliptic (leaflet minute size); leaflet pubescence on upper surface moderately dense to scattered, uncinate, macroscopic trichomes absent; flowers small, typically white.......................................................... var. angustifolia Baker f. — Leaflets broad, leaflet shape ovate, ovate-elliptic, obovate, or sometimes oblong-ovate to oblong-elliptic; leaflet pubescence on upper surface moderate to sparse of very short appressed hairs becoming glabrate, uncinate trichomes lacking or sparse............................................................................................................................. 3 3. Flowers large, typically pale blue to purple.............................................................................. var. ternatea L. — Flowers large, typically white............................................................................. var. pilosula (Benth.) Baker f., Published as part of Patel, P. K., 2023, Clitoria ternatea L. var. angustifolia Hochst. ex Baker (Fabaceae): new varietal record to Asia from India, pp. 267-271 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (14) on pages 268-270, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a14, http://zenodo.org/record/8082956, {"references":["BAKER E. G. 1929. - The Leguminosae of Tropical Africa. Part 2: Suborder Papilionaceae. Erasmus Press, Ostende: 427 - 429.","SCHIMPER G. W. 1736. - In Catalogue des herbiers de Geneve (CHG). Syntype Clitoria ternatea L. var. angustofolia Hochst. ex Baker f., Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de Geneve. https: // www. ville-ge. ch / musinfo / bd / cjb / chg / index. php? lang","VATKE W. 1878. - Plantas in itinere africano ab J. M. Hildebrandt collectas determinare pergit W. Vatke. Osterreichische botanische Zeitschrift 28: 261 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 BF 01615120","DE WILD E. 1925. - Sur quelques Legumineuses africaines nouvelles. Journal of Zoology and African Botany, Supplement Botany 13 (8): 8 - 9.","MICHELI M. 1897. - Leguminosaceae, in DURAND TH. & DE WILDEMAN E., Materiaux pour la Flore du Congo. Bulletin de la Societe royale de botanique de Belgique 36: 60 - 61. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8169094","WILCZEK R. 1954. - Flora of the Congo Belge et Ruanda-Urundi 6. Institut national pour l'etude agronomique du Congo belge: 260 - 269.","FANTZ P. R. 1977. - A Monograph of the Genus Clitoria (Leguminosae: Glycineae). Doctoral Dissertation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 1066 p."]}

Do Nascimento, Janaína Gelma A., Rocha, Lamarck, Dutra, Valquíria F., De Queiroz, Luciano P., Berg, Cássio Van Den (2023): Four new species of Mimosa sect. Batocaulon ser. Cordistipulae (Leguminosae) from Bahia, Brazil. Phytotaxa 599 (5): 265-279, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.599.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.599.5.1

4. Mimosa melosa J. Gelma, L.P. Queiroz & Van den Berg, sp. nov. Figs. 4A–G, 5. Type:— BRASIL, Bahia: Mun. Pil„o Arcado, Brejo do Zacarias, ca. 30 km de Pil„o Arcado, 10°05’55’’S, 42°54’41’’W, 8 December 2005 (fl.), J.G.A. Nascimento 557 (holotype: HUEFS [barcode 000234325]!; isotype: HUEFS [barcode 000248806]!). Affinis M. xiquexiquensi Barneby (1991: 279) sed habitu erecto usque 1.5 m alto (nec decumbenti), floribus in capitulis ellipsoideis (nec spicis elongatis), inflorescentia fasciculata (nec axillar sejuncta) differt. Subshrubs 1–1.5 m tall, erect; branches cylindrical, viscid, vilose, with filiform trichomes, 0.1–0.3 mm long, and capitate-filiform glandular trichomes, 0.5–2 mm long. Internodes 14–16 mm long. Stipules 4–5 × 1–1.3 mm, lanceolate, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, base truncate, apex acuminate, pilose, margin ciliate, 1–3-veined. Petiole 2–5 mm long, rachis 35–40 mm long, with small prickles, first interpinnal segment 3–5 mm long, remaining segments 2–3 mm long; pinnae 10–16 pairs, median pinna 5–6 mm long, decreasing in size toward to the leaf base; leaflets 10–12 pairs per pinna (median pinnae), membranaceous, 1.5–2 × 1–1.2 mm, oblong, apex obtuse, base rounded, both surfaces sericeous, margin ciliate, 3-veined. Capitula ellipsoid, 6–12 mm long, 25–30-flowered, 2–3-fascicled in efoliate terminal pseudoracemes; peduncle 12–15(–25) mm long, vilosulous, mixed with capitate-filiform glandular trichomes; bracts 0.4–0.5 × 0.2–0.25 mm, membranaceous, obovate, slightly clawed. Flowers sessile; calyx white, 0.6–0.7 mm long, campanulate, lobes with apex truncate; corolla white with pink a rim, glabrous, subtubular, membranaceous, tube 1–1.2 mm long, lobes 1–1.2 mm long, acuminate; stamens 6, filaments dark-pink, connate ca. 2 mm long at the base, three longer 4–5 mm, three shorter 3–4 mm long, anthers 0.4–0.6 mm long, globose, yellow; ovary 0.6–0.8 mm long, dense capitate-setiform trichomes, stipitate, stipe ca. 0.3 mm long, 3–6-ovulate; style 1–1.2 mm long. Fruit and seeds unknown. Distribution, habitat and phenology:— Mimosa melosa is known from only two collections from a single population in Pil„o Arcado municipality, Bahia, Brazil (Figure 5). The specimens were collected on inland sand dunes on the banks of the S„o Francisco River, growing in open areas between clumps of vegetation, at 420 m of elevation, with flowers in September and December. Conservation:— As there is a lack of information on the distribution of M. melosa in this area, we propose that this species be categorized as Data Deficient (DD). The S„o Francisco dunes are formed by extensive aeolian deposits, which can exceed 100 m in height, covered by caatinga vegetation (Rocha et al. 2004). The soils are sandy and deep, with very low fertility (Velloso et al. 2002). The dune area is apparently well preserved, with little human disturbance, such as the extraction of wood for fire making, which threatens the stability of the dunes. Etymology:—The epithet melosa refers to the vernacular name of this species, giving the sensation of viscosity when touched. Notes:— Mimosa melosa is morphologically related to M. xiquexiquensis, both have leaves with (8–)14–18(–22) pairs of pinnae and 11–12 pairs of leaflets per pinna. Mimosa melosa can be differentiated by erect habit, 1–1.5 m tall (vs. prostrate habit, ca. 0.5 m tall in M. xiquexiquensis), smaller petioles, 2–5 mm long (vs. petioles usually larger, 5–7 mm long) and inflorescence units as ellipsoid capitula grouped in fascicles along a terminal efoliate pseudoraceme (vs. solitary and axillary elongate spikes) (Table 4). The region of the S„o Francisco river dunes includes a very differentiated biota with a high number of endemic species of plants and animals (Rocha et al. 2004; Queiroz et al. 2017). The endemic plant species are usually distributed throughout this area. However, the Mimosa melosa - Mimosa xiquexiquensis pair seems to be an example of geographical speciation within the dunes, with M. melosa occurring in the northern part of the dunes and M. xiquexiquensis in the southern part, but in similar habitats. Many of the endemic plant species have been recently described from this area, such as Aeschynomene sabulicola Queiroz & Cardoso (2008: 750), Rhynchosia franciscana Queiroz & Cardoso (2018: 975) and Pterocarpus monophyllus Klitgaard et al. (2000: 989). Paratype:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Mun. Pil„o Arcado, Brejo do Zacarias, 28 September 2005 (fl.), L.P. Queiroz et al. 10968 (HUEFS)., Published as part of Do Nascimento, Janaína Gelma A., Rocha, Lamarck, Dutra, Valquíria F., De Queiroz, Luciano P. & Berg, Cássio Van Den, 2023, Four new species of Mimosa sect. Batocaulon ser. Cordistipulae (Leguminosae) from Bahia, Brazil, pp. 265-279 in Phytotaxa 599 (5) on pages 273-276, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.599.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8043061, {"references":["Barneby, R. C. (1991) Sensitivae Censitae - a description of the genus Mimosa Linnaeus (Mimosaceae) in New World. Memoirs New York Botanical Garden 65: 1 - 835.","Rocha, P. L. B., Queiroz, L. P. & Pirani, J. R. (2004) Plant species and habitat structure in a sand dune field in the Brazilian Caatinga: a homogeneous habitat harbouring an endemic biota. Brazilian Journal of Botany 27 (4): 739 - 755.","Velloso, A. L., Sampaio, E. V. S. B. & Pareyn, F. G. C. (2002) Ecorregiles propostas para o bioma caatinga. Associac \" o Plantas do Nordeste; The Nature Conservancy do Brasil, Recife.","Queiroz, L. P., Cardoso, D., Fernandes, M. F. & Moro, M. F. (2017) Diversity and evolution of flowering plants of the Caatinga Domain. In: Silva, J. M. C., Leal, I. R. & Tabarelli, M. (Eds.) Caatinga. 1 ed. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 23 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 68339 - 3 _ 2","Queiroz, L. P. & Cardoso, D. B. O. S. (2008) A new species of Aeschynomene L. (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) from a continental sand dune area in north-eastern Brazil. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 157: 749 - 753. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.2007.00741. x","Queiroz, L. P. & Cardoso, D. B. O. S. (2018) A new large-flowered species of Rhynchosia (Leguminosae) from the Brazilian Caatinga Seasonally Dry Woodlands. Systematic Botany 43: 975 - 979. https: // doi. org / 10.1600 / 036364418 X 697607","Klitgaard, B. B., Queiroz, L. P. & Lewis, G. P. (2000) A remarkable new species of Pterocarpus (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Dalbergieae) from Bahia, Brazil. Kew Bulletin 55 (4): 732 - 735. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 4113648"]}

1. Mimosa bahiana J. Gelma, L.P. Queiroz & Van den Berg, sp. nov. Figs. 1A–I, 5. Type:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Município de Piat „, Platô alto da Serra da Tromba, 13°07’S, 41°49’W, 2 November 1996 (fl., fr.), L.P. Queiroz et al. 4713 (holotype: HUEFS [barcode 200008832]!). Affinis M. setuligera Harms (1908: 208) et M. brevipinna (1875: 432) foliis 5−14-pinnatis, sed a M. setuligera stipulis inflexis, paleaceis (nec reflexis, membranaceis), foliolulis 0.8−1.2 mm longis (nec 1.8−2.7 mm longis), corolla glabra (nec tubo glabro et lobis trichomata indutis), et a M. brevipinna foliolis 0.8–1.2 × 0.6–0.7 mm (nec 3–3.5 × 1–1.5 mm), calyce 0.3 mm (nec 0.5–0.6 mm), fructibus cum 2–3-articulis (nec 6–8-articulis) differt. Subshrubs 5–30 cm tall, prostrate or erect; branches cylindrical, velutinous, with filiform trichomes, and glandular capitate-filiform trichomes, 0.2–1.4 mm long. Internodes c. 15 mm long. Stipules 4–5 × 1–1.2 mm, lanceolate, base truncate, apex acuminate, margin ciliate, 3–5-veined. Petiole 6–8 mm long, rachis 25–35 mm long, first interpinnal segment 3.5–6 mm long, remaining segments 2–3 mm long; pinnae 6–10 pairs, median pinna 5–7 mm long, slightly decreasing in size toward the apex and the base of the leaf; leaflets 6–8(–10) pairs per pinna (median pinna), membranaceous, 0.8–1.2 × 0.6–0.7 mm, oblong, apex obtuse, base rounded, both surfaces pilose to villous, margin ciliate or sericeous, 3-veined. Capitula 10–12 mm diam., 30–35-flowered; peduncle 25–30 mm long; bracts 1–1.2 × 0.3–0.5 mm, membranaceous, linear or spatulate. Flowers sessile; calyx white, ca. 0.3 mm long, campanulate, lobes with apex truncate; corolla white, glabrous, subtubular, membranaceous, tube 0.8–1 mm long, lobes 1–1.2 mm long, acuminate; stamens 6, filaments 4–6 mm long, anthers 0.4–0.6 mm long, globose, yellow; ovary ca. 1 mm long, covered by capitate-filiform glandular trichomes, 3–4-ovulate, style 2–4 mm long. Craspedium 10–12 × 4–4.5 mm, subsessile, linear, margin undulate, puberulous, with filiform and capitate-filiform glandular trichomes, 2–3-articulate, apical and basal articles triangular, median articles rectangular, 2–3 × 4–5 mm. Seeds 2–2.5 × 1–1.5 mm, external surface smooth. Distribution, habitat and phenology:— Mimosa bahiana is known only from the municipality of Piat„, in the southern portion of the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Figure 5). It was collected in “cerrado sensu stricto ” and “campos gerais” (savanna vegetation), at 1,200 –1,400 m of elevation, with flowers and fruits in November. Conservation:— Mimosa bahiana is known from only two collections carried out in 1996. The areas where it occurs have been cleared for coffee plantation by small family groups. Due to the lack of data on the distribution of the species, we propose this species to be Data Deficient (DD). Etymology:— The specific epithet bahiana denotes the restricted species’ geographical distribution, until now known only from the state of Bahia, Brazil. Notes:— Mimosa bahiana is morphologically similar to M. brevipinna and M. setuligera with which it shares the multipinnate leaves with short pinnae and rather few leaflets per pinna. It can be distinguished by those two species by the branches with a velutinous indumentum (vs. glabrous or glabrescent in M. brevipinna and viscid and tomentose in M. setuligera), leaflets smaller, 0.8–1.2 mm long (vs. 3–3.5 mm long and 1.8–2.7 mm long, respectively), and calyx smaller, ca. 0.3 mm long (vs. 0.4–1 mm and 0.5–0.6 mm, respectively). Mimosa bahiana also has smaller craspedia, measuring 10–12 × 4–4.5 mm, 2–3-articulated, and with short trichomes, mixed with glandular ones, while M. brevipinna has craspedia measuring 25–30 × 6–25 mm, 6–8-articulated and velutine (Table 1). The presence of lanceolate, non-reflexed stipules, and glabrous corolla also differs from M. setuligera (narrowly lanceolate, reflexed stipules, and hispidulous corolla lobes). Mimosa bahiana is a locally rare plant, being known only from the top of a mountain near the Piat„ town, in the southern portion of Chapada Diamantina, at more than 1,200 m of elevation. The local vegetation is an open field with few trees and subject to fire on deep sandy soil. The two most similar species, M. setuligera and M. brevipinna, do not occur in sympatry, being recorded in lowland dry scrubs on sandy soil, at elevation ranging from 200 to 400 m. Paratype:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Piat „, estrada Piat „/Inúbia, a 2 km do entroncamento com entroncamento Piat„ / Boninal, 13°04’19’’S, 41°47’33’’W, 11 November 1996 (fl., fr.), D.J.N. Hind et al. 4184 (ALCB)., Published as part of Do Nascimento, Janaína Gelma A., Rocha, Lamarck, Dutra, Valquíria F., De Queiroz, Luciano P. & Berg, Cássio Van Den, 2023, Four new species of Mimosa sect. Batocaulon ser. Cordistipulae (Leguminosae) from Bahia, Brazil, pp. 265-279 in Phytotaxa 599 (5) on pages 266-269, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.599.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8043061, {"references":["Harms (1908) Botanische Jahrb ¸ cher f ¸ r Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 42 (2 - 3): 208."]}

3. Mimosa crassifolia J. Gelma, L.P. Queiroz & Van den Berg, sp. nov. Figs. 3A–G, 5. Type — BRAZIL. Bahia: Município de Morro do Chapéu, Tabuleiro dos Tigres, Morro do Chapéu, 20 July 2005 (fl., fr.), A.K.A. Santos 355 (holotype: HUEFS [barcode 000001300]!; isotype: HUEFS [barcode 000001255]!). Affinis M. morroënsi Barneby (1985: 147) sed petiolo breviore ((5–) 8–15 mm longo (nec 20–30 mm longo)), foliolis coriaceis nitidis glabris (nec membranaceis opacisque, sericeis vel ciliatis), trichomatibus glandularibus conicis 0.05– 0.3 mm longis (nec trichomatibus glandularibus linearibus 0.5–0.8 mm longis) differt. Decumbent subshrub 0.3–0.5 m tall, rarely erect; branches cylindrical, puberulous, with filiform trichomes, and capitate-filiform glandular trichomes, 0.05–0.3 mm long. Internodes 18–20 mm long. Stipules 3–7 × 0.8–1.2 mm, lanceolate, base truncate, apex acuminate, aristate, margin ciliate, 3-veined. Petiole (5–) 8–15 mm long, rachis 23–70 mm long, first interpinnal segment 4–8 mm long, remaining segments 3–5 mm long; pinnae 9–14(–18) pairs, slightly decreasing in size toward to the apex and the leaf base, median pinna 15–20 mm long; leaflets 9–15 pairs per pinna (median pinnae), coriaceous, glossy, 2–4 × 0.8–1.8 mm, oblong, apex obtuse, base rounded, both surfaces glabrous, 3-veined, margins with capitate-setiform trichomes. Capitula 10–15 mm diam., 45–60-flowered; peduncle 33–49 mm long; bracts 0.4–1.3 × 0.1–0.25 mm, membranaceous, linear or spatulate. Flowers sessile; calyx white, 0.4–0.8 mm long, campanulate, slightly asymmetric, lobes with apex acute, slightly dentate; corolla white with a pink rim, glabrous, subtubular, membranaceous, tube 0.4–1.4 mm long, lobes 0.8–2.5 mm long, acuminate; stamens 6, filaments connate ca. 0.5 mm long at the base, three longer 6–8 mm long, three shorter 4–6 mm long, dark-pink; anthers 0.6–0.7 mm long, globose, yellow; ovary ca. 1 mm long, with filiform and capitate-filiform glandular trichomes, stipitate, stipe ca. 0.5 mm long, 4-ovulate; style 3–5.5 mm long. Craspedium 20–25 × 5–7 mm, subsessile, straight oblong, margin undulate, puberulous, with filiform and capitate-filiform trichomes, 2–3-articulate, apical and basal articles triangular, median articles rectangular, 5–6 × 4–5 mm. Seeds 3–4 × 2.8–3 mm, external surface smooth. Distribution, habitat and phenology: — Mimosa crassifolia is known only from the Morro do Chapéu municipality, northern Chapada Diamantina range, Bahia, Brazil (Figure 5). The specimens were collected in sandy areas of the campo rupestre, at 1,000 –1,100 m of elevation, with flowers from January to July, and fruits in January to May. Conservation:— We propose this species to be endangered (EN, criteria B2ab(iii)+D). Mimosa crassifolia is known from only a few collections made in the municipality of Morro do Chapéu (EOO 5,302 km 2 and AOO 8,000 km 2), in “Tabuleiro dos Tigres”, a specific area of campos rupestres, and at Morro do Chapéu State Park. The municipality of Morro do Chapéu is located at the northern portion of Chapada Diamantina and is considered an area of extreme priority for conservation, as it has a plant typology of savannas and caatinga (Maury 2002, França et al. 2013). One of the populations of Mimosa crassifolia was found in the Morro do Chapéu State Park, which despite being an protection area, continues to suffer anthropic pressures, such as fragmentation due to subsistence agriculture (Lob„o & Vale 2009), which puts the presence of the species in risk. Etymology: — The specific epithet crassifolia refers to the fleshy consistency of the leaflets when fresh. Notes:— The multipopulational morphological study in the Mimosa misera complex, using multivariate analysis, pointed out that specimens found in herbaria and of uncertain identification, represent a new species, M. crassifolia (Nascimento 2007). This species is morphologically similar to M. morroënsis, due to its decumbent habit and multipinnate leaves, and they occur in sympatry in the Morro do Chapéu municipality. Mimosa crassifolia can be further recognized by the indumentum composed of very short and conical glandular trichomes (c. 0.05 mm long), while M. morroënsis has slender stipitate glandular trichomes, with 0.5–1.5 mm long. Mimosa crassifolia can still be distinguished by longer internodes (18–20 mm long), larger stipules (3–7 mm long), lanceolate and pungent, smaller petioles, (5–) 8–15 mm long, and leaflets bright, coriaceous, and glabrous, in 9–15 pairs. M. morroënsis, on the other hand, has internodes 25–40 mm long, stipules 0.4–0.6 mm long, petioles 20–30 mm long, and dull, membranous and sericeous leaflets, in 15–18 pairs. Based on reproductive characters, they are distinguished by smaller capitula and sessile flowers, in M. crassifolia (10–15 mm diam. vs. 25–30 mm diam., and pedicellate flowers), and 2–3-articulate craspedium, while M. morroënsis has 4–8-articulate (Table 3). Paratypes:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Morro do Chapéu, Morro Duas Irm „s, 2 May 1999 (fl., fr.), F. França et al. 2853 (CEPEC, HUEFS, SPF); ibd., 11°33’39’’S, 41°17’00’’W, 21 July 2005 (fl.), A.K.A. Santos et al. 365 (HUEFS, SPF); ibd., Tabuleiro dos Tigres, 11°36’47’’S, 41°09’46’’W, 4 January 2005 (fl.), J.G.A. Nascimento & M.C. Machado 145 (HUEFS); ibd., Tabuleiro dos Tigres, ca. de 5 km de Morro do Chapéu, estrada para Utinga, 11°36’37’’S, 41°09’46’’W, 4 January 2005 (fl., fr.), J.G.A. Nascimento & M.C. Machado 165 (K, HUEFS, MBM, RB, SPF)., Published as part of Do Nascimento, Janaína Gelma A., Rocha, Lamarck, Dutra, Valquíria F., De Queiroz, Luciano P. & Berg, Cássio Van Den, 2023, Four new species of Mimosa sect. Batocaulon ser. Cordistipulae (Leguminosae) from Bahia, Brazil, pp. 265-279 in Phytotaxa 599 (5) on pages 271-273, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.599.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8043061, {"references":["Barneby, R. C. (1985) The genus Mimosa (Mimosaceae) in Bahia, Brazil: new taxa and nomenclatural adjustments. Brittonia 37: 125 - 153.","Maury, C. M. (2002) Avaliacao e identificacao de areas e acles prioritarias para a conservacao, utilizacao sustentavel e reparticao dos beneficios da biodiversidade dos biomas brasileiros. Ministerio do Meio Ambiente, Secretaria de Biodiversidade e Florestas, Brasilia.","Franca, F., Melo, E., Souza, I. & Pugliesi, L. (2013) Flora do Morro do Chapeu, v. 1. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, 238 pp.","Lob \" o, J. S. B. & Vale, R. M. C. (2009) Importancia ambiental do Parque Estadual de Morro do Chapeu em func \" o da fragmentac \" o ecossitemica. Geonordeste XX (1).","Nascimento, J. G. A. (2007) Taxonomia de Mimosa L. ser. Cordistipulae Barneby (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae). Mestrado em Botanica, Feira de Santana, 137 pp."]}

Macrolobium longistipitatum A.M.Trujillo & Londoño-Ech., sp. nov. (Figs. 4 & 5) Type:— COLOMBIA. Antioquia. Mun. San Luis: Quebrada “La Cristalina”, Sector NE, 760–770 m, 6°00ʹ00ʹʹN, 74°45ʹ00ʹʹW, 22 March 1987 (fl), J. G. Ramírez & D. Cárdenas 708 (holotype: JAUM-19258!, isotypes: HUA-75151!, COL-323419 [digital image!]). Diagnosis:— Macrolobium longistipitatum differs from all congeners by the following morphological combination: stipules caducous, leaves with numerous leaflets (17–39 pairs) and shorter distance between leaflets (2–5.8 mm long), leaflet blades slightly rounded and occasionally retuse apically, with veins prominent up the fourth-order on both surfaces, secondary veins closely parallel; longer and (sub-) terminal inflorescences (7.5–16.7 cm long including peduncle), shorter peduncle (1.2–3.3 mm long), shorter flowering pedicel (0.7–1.3 mm long), bracteoles glabrous, single petal long-unguiculate, hypanthium cupular with longer stipe (1.7–3.9 mm long stipitate), sepals 4, elliptic to oblong, petalodia 2, staminodes 2, filaments of fertile stamens sparsely villose at base and ovary glabrous. Trees 12–40 m tall, cataphylls 0.4–3.8 × 0.9–3.8 mm, broadly ovate, rounded and obtuse apically, occasionally ripped and apparently emarginate, abaxially puberulous at base, sparsely puberulous towards apex, adaxially glabrous and papillose, papillae conspicuously orange, caducous, margin entire; branchlets striate, villose, glabrescent, indumentum shiny brownish red, whitish with age, branchlet surface dark red, smooth waxy with age, bearing 9–12 leaves; stipules (3.8–) 8.9–14.8 × 1.2–3.5 mm, lanceolate, obtuse and rounded at the apex, sparsely puberulous abaxially, otherwise glabrous, papillose and sparsely smooth waxy adaxially, caducous, veins parallel basally becoming reticulate apically, raised abaxially, flat adaxially, margin entire, papillose. Leaves pinnate, with 17–39 pairs of leaflets, distichous, indumentum shiny brownish red but whitish with age throughout leaves; petiole 1.7–5.2 mm long, slightly canaliculate adaxially, villose; rachis 6.0– 20.2 cm long, winged adaxially, villose, wings ca. 0.5 mm high, revolute when mature (flat when young), villose, distance between leaflets 2–5.8 mm long; leaflet blades 5.4–23.5 × 2.2–6.6 mm, oblong, lanceolate or ovate, basally obtuse and rounded at basiscopic half, truncate to cuneate and auriculate at acroscopic half, apically obtuse and slightly rounded, occasionally retuse, villose at very base and pilosulose on midvein in both surfaces, surfaces otherwise glabrous, concolorous; veins up to fourth-order raised on both surfaces, secondary veins numerous, not clearly differentiable from intersecondary veins, closely parallel, mainly brochidodromous, some veins cladodromous, intersecondary veins present, tertiary veins ramified, margin entire, ciliate. Inflorescences as racemes 7.5–16.7 cm long (axis including peduncle), (sub-) terminal, glabrous, surface smooth waxy basally, 1.2–3.3 mm long pedunculate, 36–75-flowered; bracts 6.9–8.6 × 2.5–3.6 mm, elliptic, acute and straight apically, glabrous and sparsely smooth waxy on both surfaces, early caducous, margin entire; pedicel 0.7–1.3 × 0.8–1.1 mm (fruiting pedicels 5.1–8.2 mm long), glabrous, bracteoles 5.6–8 × 1.7–2.9 mm, oblong, obtuse and rounded apically, glabrous and sparsely smooth waxy on both surfaces, longitudinally ridged at medial abaxial surface, opening completely in both sides of the flower but belatedly on the adaxial side, caducous, margin entire; hypanthium 4.5–5.9 × 1.1–2.1 mm, (including stipe), 1.7–3.9 mm long stipitate, cupular, zygomorphic, glabrous, calyx 4-merous, sepals 6.5–9.8 × 2.2–3.9 mm, elliptic to oblong, obtuse and rounded to straight apically, glabrous and papillose in both surfaces, slightly unequal in shape and size, margin entire; single petal 15.2–15.8 × 6–6.1 mm (including claw), obovate, obtuse and rounded apically, 6.3–6.8 mm long unguiculate, villose on midvein adaxially, otherwise glabrous and papillose, occasionally smooth waxy at abaxial surface, margin entire, undulate; petalodia 2, 2.3–6.6 × 0.6–1.9 mm, lanceolate, obovate to oblong, acute and straight apically, glabrous and papillose in both surfaces, borne at each lateral side of single petal; filaments 21.1–27.2 mm long, flattened adaxially, sparsely villose, anthers 1.7–1.8 × 0.7–0.9 mm, ellipsoid, very sparsely villose, papillose; staminodes 2, 0.7–1.1 × 0.2–0.4 mm, ovate to lanceolate, acute and straight to rounded apically, glabrous in both surfaces, alternate with stamens (i.e., at each lateral side of central stamen); gynophore 2.6–4 mm long, glabrous, inserted near the apex of the adaxial wall of the hypanthium, ovary 4.1–4.9 × 1.3–1.8 mm, oblong, glabrous, 3-ovulate, style 20.9–26.6 mm long (including stigma), glabrous, stigma papillose. Fruits 14.6–18 × 5.3–6.7 cm (including stipe), 0.6–0.7 cm long stipitate, oblanceolate to obovate, obtuse and rounded basally, obtuse and obliquely truncate apically, glabrous, sparsely dark-punctate, dehiscent, 2–3 seeds per fruit. Seeds 2.8–3.4 × 2.2–2.9 cm, (nearly) orbiculate, glabrous, dark brown, surface venulose. Distribution and habitat:— Macrolobium longistipitatum is endemic to central Colombia, where occurs in the limits between Andes and Magdalena Valley biogeographical regions at the eastern slopes of the Central Cordillera. It has been collected in the department of Antioquia, on the municipalities of Maceo and San Luis. Macrolobium longistipitatum inhabits lowlands rainforest, at elevations between 570 and 970 m, under equatorial rainforest climate (Af) according the Köppen-Geiger climate classification (Kottek et al. 2006) (Fig. 3). Phenology:— Flowering in March and August and fruiting in February, March, November and December. Etymology:— The epithet longistipitatum is derived of the Latin “longus” (long) and “stipitatum” (that has stipe), indicating that this species has a hypanthium long-stipitate, an unique feature for species with pinnate leaves within M. sect. Macrolobium. Conservation status:— Macrolobium longistipitatum has an area of occupancy (AOO) of 12 km 2, an extent of occurrence (EOO) of 336 km 2, and has three known subpopulations. All subpopulations occur outside of protected areas and are located less than 10 km from an urban center. The species is found in very small and fragmented forest patches (M. longistipitatum, which subpopulations are located less than 9 km from the mentioned projects. For these reasons, M. longistipitatum is here propose under “Endangered” EN category. Additional specimen examined (paratypes): — COLOMBIA. Antioquia. Mun. Maceo: Vereda San Pedro, Finca San Pedro, 970 m, 6°24ʹ13ʹʹN, 74°45ʹ38ʹʹW [6°27ʹ43.89ʹʹN, 74°47ʹ16.51ʹʹW], June 2009 (st), P. A. Morales et al. 308 (HUA-188544!); Vereda San Pedro, Reserva Natural Hacienda San Pedro, 925 m, 6°27ʹ43.89ʹʹN, 74°47ʹ16.51ʹʹW, 27 March 2023 (st), A. M. Trujillo 1060 (HUA!); ibid., A. M. Trujillo 1061 (HUA!). Mun. San Luis: Vereda Altavista-Río Claro, 690–710 m, 5°57ʹ23.12ʹʹN, 74°51ʹ53.87ʹʹW, 5 June 2018 (st), J. D. Acosta et al. 726 (MEDEL-67805!); Autopista Medellín-Bogotá, sector Río Samaná-Río Claro, camino hacia la vereda La Primavera, 790 m, 13 November 1982 (fr), A. Cogollo & C. C. Estrada 223 (JAUM-12798!, JAUM-12799!, MO-3094192 [n.v.]); Autopista Medellín-Bogotá, sector Río Samaná-Río Claro, Puente sobre la quebrada La Cristalina, 790 m, 19 December 1982 (fr), A. Cogollo & C. C. Estrada 320 (JAUM-13135!, MO-3094193 [n.v.]); Autopista Medellín-Bogotá, Sector Río Samaná-Río Claro, Carretera Autopista-Altavista, 700 m, 5°57ʹ19.40ʹʹN, 74°51ʹ54.82ʹʹW, 24 August 1982 (fl), J. J. Hernández & S. E. Hoyos 487 (COL-281685 [digital image!], COL-281686 [digital image!], HUA-16333!); Quebrada “La Cristalina”, Sector SE, 570–770 m, 6°00ʹ00ʹʹN, 74°45ʹ00ʹʹW, 23 February 1987 (fr), J. G. Ramírez & D. Cárdenas 631 (COL-323164 [digital image!], HUA-75276!, JAUM-20980!, MO-4000714 [n.v.]). Notes:— Macrolobium longistipitatum belongs to M. sect. Macrolobium due to its bracteoles opening completely in both side of the flower, hypanthium cupular and petal long-unguiculate. Although the bracteoles remain attached at early anthesis (as shown in Fig. 5-E), these opening completely with age and even are easily detach when handled. The specimens of Macrolobium longistipitatum were previously identified under the names Macrolobium gracile Spruce ex Bentham (1870: 223) and Macrolobium machaerioides. Due fact, M. longistipitatum can be confused with these two species by its leaves with numerous leaflets, the base of leaflets auriculate on the acroscopic half (shared with M. machaerioides), its shorter pedicel, and filaments indumented at the base (M. machaerioides villose, M. gracile villosulose), however, the new species can be differentiated from M. gracile by both vegetative and reproductive features: its leaflet veins up to fourth-order raised on both surfaces (vs. secondary to high-order veins strongly obscure in both surfaces, not discernable, immersed in a thick smooth waxy cover abaxially), its inflorescence (sub-) terminal, 7.5–16.7 cm long, axis glabrous (vs. axillary, 1–6.5 cm long, axis puberulous), its bracteoles glabrous (vs. at least pilose, pilosulose, puberulous or villosulose), its sepals 4 (vs. sepals 5), its ovary glabrous (vs. villose or pilose marginally, glabrous laterally). From Macrolobium machaerioides the new species can be recognized by its leaves with 17–39 pairs of leaflets (vs. 13–21), its leaflets slightly rounded, occasionally retuse apically, concolorous (vs. strongly emarginate apically, discolorous), its leaflet veins raised up to fourth-order on both surfaces (vs. secondary to high-order veins strongly obscure in both surfaces, not discernable, immersed in a thick smooth waxy cover abaxially), its leaflet margin ciliate (vs. glabrous), its longer and (sub-) terminal inflorescence, 7.5–16.7 cm long, axis glabrous (vs. axillary, 1.5–3 cm long, axis puberulous), its bracts 6.9–8.6 × 2.5–3.6 mm (vs. 1.5–2 × 1 mm), its bracteoles glabrous (vs. shortpilosulose and puberulous abaxially, villose adaxially), its hypanthium 4.5–5.9 mm long, long-stipitate (vs. 1 mm long, sessile), its sepals 4 (vs. sepals 5), its ovary glabrous (vs. villose marginally, glabrous laterally). Macrolobium longeracemosum Amshoff (1948: 389), is also similar to the new species, see Table 2 for the differences between these species. The new species represents the first and unique record of the M. sect. Macrolobium for the Inter-Andean Valleys of the northern Andes (all other species belonging it occurs at east of the Andes, mainly at Amazon, Guianas and Atlantic Forest regions), which may have important implications for future biogeographical and evolutionary studies in the genus. All records of M. sect. Macrolobium from west of Andes in Ecuador and Colombia provided in the distribution map by Murphy et al. (2018) are wrongly georeferenced or misidentified; due fact, their specimen labels indicate that were collected at east of Andes in Amazon Region and others no correspond to the identification provided.Additionally, the records for the section at Inter-Andean Valleys of central Colombia correspond to M. longistipitatum. The specimen R. Espinoza 92 (MO) identified as Macrolobium microcalyx Ducke (1932: 729) and cited by Murphy et al. (2018) from Costa Rica was well georeferenced but was not available to examine in this study, however, its identification seems doubtful. This specimen and some duplicates were previously identified under genus Clusia Linnaeus (1753: 509) and its field observations (Epiphyte to 15 m. Fruit immature green) matched with this genus; furthermore, M. microcalyx was described based on Amazonian specimens. While this specimen and its duplicates are not observed, it is not possible to clarify its identity, or ensure that it is a mixed collection, or that it is an error in databases. The description of M. longistipitatum increases the number of species for M. sect. Macrolobium to 57., Published as part of Trujillo-López, Ana María & Londoño-Echeverri, Yeison, 2023, Novelties in Macrolobium (Detarioideae, Fabaceae) for Northern South America: Two new species and new chorological records from Colombia and Ecuador, pp. 155-170 in Phytotaxa 599 (3) on pages 162-166, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.599.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8012523, {"references":["Kottek, M., Grieser, J., Beck, C., Rudolf, B. & Rubel, F. (2006) World map of the Koppen Geiger climate classification updated. Meteorologische Zeitschrif 15 (3): 259 - 263. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / 0941 - 2948 / 2006 / 0130","Sanchez-Cuervo, A. M. & Aide, T. M. (2013) Identifying hotspots of deforestation and reforestation in Colombia (2001 - 2010): implications for protected areas. Ecosphere 4: 1 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.1890 / ES 13 - 00207.1","Bentham, G. (1870) Leguminosae II. Macrolobium. In: von Martius, C. F. P. & Eichler, A. G. (Ed.) Flora Brasiliensis. Vol. 15, part 2. F. Fleischer, Monachii & Lipsiae, pp. 217 - 224.","Amshoff, G. J. H. (1948) Caesalpiniaceae. In: Maguire, B. (Ed.) Plant exploration in Guiana in 1944, chiefly to the Tafelberg and Kaieteur plateau IV. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 75 (4): 387 - 392. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2560341","Murphy, B., de la Estrella, M., Schley, R., Forest, F. & Klitgaard, B. (2018) On the monophyly of Macrolobium Schreb., an ecologically diverse neotropical tree genus (Fabaceae-Detarioideae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 179 (1): 75 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 695338","Ducke, W. A. (1932) Especes nouvelles de plantes de l'Amazonie bresilienne. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 4 (6): 720 - 749.","Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum 1. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 560 pp."]}

Trujillo-López, Ana María, Londoño-Echeverri, Yeison (2023): Novelties in Macrolobium (Detarioideae, Fabaceae) for Northern South America: Two new species and new chorological records from Colombia and Ecuador. Phytotaxa 599 (3): 155-170, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.599.3.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.599.3.3

Macrolobium machaerioides Killip & J.F.Macbr. Type:— PERU. Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, forest, 100 m, October-November 1929 (fl), G. Klug 547 (holotype: US-1455546 [digital image!], isotypes: F-613442 [digital image!], F-1116544 frag. [digital image!], NY barcode-4473 [digital image!]). This species is described from Peruvian Amazon in Macbride (1943). In the protologue and in the revision of Cowan (1953), the fruits morphology was unknown. Subsequently, R. S. Cowan determined a fruiting specimen in 1985, recorded from Huánuco, Perú, by J. Schunke in 1966 (J. Schunke 1058 [NY!]). This is the first known collection with fruits for the species, but its morphology stills unpublished heretofore. Macrolobium machaerioides is easily recognizable by its leaflets auriculate basally at the acroscopic half and its leaflet apex strongly emarginate (Fig. 6). It has been recently found in the Amazon region in the departments of Amazonas and Putumayo in Colombia, and in province of Napo in Ecuador (Fig. 3). Mancera (2016) report to Macrolobium machaerioides from the Inter-Andean Valleys of the department of Antioquia, Colombia, however, this record was based on specimens (A. Cogollo et al. 223 [JAUM, 2 sheets; MO]) that belong to new species described here, M. longistipitatum. Emended fruit description:— Fruits 4.8–6.9 × 2.9–4.5 cm (including the stipe), 0.3–0.6 cm long stipitate, obovate, obtuse and rounded basally, obtuse and rounded to truncate apically, sparsely villose marginally, otherwise glabrous, indehiscent, inflated in the seminal cavity. Seeds 1–2, not examined (few fruits available). Additional specimens examined:— COLOMBIA. Amazonas. Mun. Leticia: Parque Nacional Natural Amacayacu, Sector sureste del parque, parcela permanente “ U ” En bosque de tierra firme sobre suelos arcillosos, 80– 110 m, 3°43ʹ10ʹʹS, 70°18ʹ25.8ʹʹW, 9 February 2005 (st), A. Prieto et al. 2983 (FMB-81392!); Parque Nacional Natural Amacayacu, Alrededores de la quebrada Agua Pudre en bosque de terra firme, Parcela E, No. 10, 120 m, 3°42ʹ00ʹʹS, 70°15ʹ00ʹʹW, 21 March 1992 (st), A. Rudas et al. 3408 (HUA-114023!, FMB-28265!, MO [n.v.]); ibid., Parcela E, No. 11, 22 March 1992 (fr), A. Rudas et al. 3471 (HUA-114057!); Parque Nacional Natural Amacayacu, 100 m, 3°47ʹ00ʹʹS, 70°15ʹ00ʹʹW, 1991 (st), A. Rudas 4100 (FMB-39389!, MO [n.v.]); Parque Nacional Natural Amacayacu, Alrededores de la quebrada Agua Pudre en bosque de terra firme, Transecto U11 - U 12, 120 m, 3°42ʹ00ʹʹS, 70°15ʹ00ʹʹW, 30 March 1992 (st), A. Rudas et al. 4131 (HUA-113712!). Putumayo. Mun. Puerto Asís: Vereda Canacas, 230 m, 0°33ʹ19.95ʹʹN, 76°17ʹ54.19ʹʹW, 30 May 2017 (st), P. Díaz 22 (TOLI-18422!). ECUADOR. Napo: Añangu, NW corner of the “Parque Nacional Yasuní”, Primary terra firme forest on permanent study plot S of SEF point 51, on the highest plateau in the area, 355–365 m, 00°33ʹ00ʹʹS, 76°22ʹ00ʹʹW, 1–15 February 1986 (fr), J. Korning & K. Thomsen 47735 (US-3281752 [digital image!]). PERU. Huanuco: Carretera a Monzón in tall forest, 833 m, 11 February 1966 (fr), J. Schunke 1058 (NY barcode-3196918 [digital image!])., Published as part of Trujillo-López, Ana María & Londoño-Echeverri, Yeison, 2023, Novelties in Macrolobium (Detarioideae, Fabaceae) for Northern South America: Two new species and new chorological records from Colombia and Ecuador, pp. 155-170 in Phytotaxa 599 (3) on pages 166-168, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.599.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8012523, {"references":["Macbride, J. F. (1943) Leguminosae. In: Flora of Peru. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Botanical Series 13 (3 / 1). pp. 3 - 507. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2265","Cowan, R. S. (1953) A taxonomic revision of the genus Macrolobium (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae). Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 8 (4): 257 - 342.","Mancera, J. C. (2016) Macrolobium Schreb. In: Bernal, R., Gradstein, S. R. & Celis, M. (eds.) Catalogo de Plantas y Liquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, pp. 1303 - 1306."]}

Macrolobium ceriferum A.M.Trujillo & Londoño-Ech., sp. nov. (Figs. 1 & 2) Type: — COLOMBIA. Chocó. Mun. Alto Baudó: Cerca del campamento dos bocas, por la quebrada Munduquera en dirección Oeste por el camino que conduce a Jurubidá, PNN Ensenada de Utría, [181 m], 5°55ʹ35ʹʹN, 77°09ʹ30ʹʹW, 21 May 1990 (fl & fr), C. Barbosa 6697 (holotype: HUA-134863!, isotypes: HUA-134787!, FMB-56077!). Diagnosis:— Macrolobium ceriferum differs from morphologically similar Macrolobium pittieri (Rose in Britton & Rose 1930: 226) Schery in Woodson & Schery (1951: 33) by its leaflets surface bullate, discolorous, whitish and sparsely dark-punctate abaxially (vs. not bullate, concolorous, not whitish and epunctate abaxially), its secondary veins raised abaxially, impressed adaxially (vs. slightly raised in both surfaces), its shorter inflorescence axis 11.1–18.1 mm long, surface scaly waxy (vs. ca. 35 mm long, not scaly waxy), its shorter bracts 1.3–1.8 mm long (vs. ca. 2.5 mm long), its pedicels surface scaly waxy (vs. not scaly waxy), its bracteoles very sparsely puberulous adaxially, otherwise glabrous, surface scaly waxy abaxially (vs. glabrous, not scaly waxy abaxially), its hypanthium very sparsely puberulous, surface smooth waxy (vs. glabrous, not smooth waxy), its smaller sepals 9–12.9 × 1.7–3.2 mm, sparsely puberulous in both surfaces, sparsely scaly waxy abaxially, margin ciliate (vs. 17–18.5 × 4 mm, margin sparsely and irregularly ciliolate, otherwise glabrous, not scaly waxy), its smaller petal 11.7–17.8 × 4.5–7.1 mm, 0.7–1.1 mm long unguiculate (vs. ca. 43 × 15 mm, 5 mm long unguiculate), its shorter filaments 18.5–22.9 mm long, glabrous (vs. ca. 25 mm long, villose basally), its shorter anthers 3.1–3.4 mm long (vs. ca. 5 mm long), its ovary puberulous marginally, smooth waxy (vs. pilosulose marginally, not smooth waxy), its style puberulous basally (vs. pilosulose basally), fruits sparsely puberulous marginally (vs. glabrous throughout). Trees 6–8 m tall, indumentum whitish to pale yellowish throughout, cataphylls not seen, branchlets glabrous, dark greyish brown, slightly lustrous, bearing ca. 3 leaves; stipules 3.8–4.1 × 1.2–1.5 mm, lanceolate, acute and straight apically, glabrous on both surfaces, caducous, margin entire, ciliate. Leaves 2-foliolate, petiole 2–6.6 mm long, adaxially flattened and slightly canaliculate at apex, sparsely puberulous, rachis mucro ca. 6.1 mm long; petiolules ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrous; leaflet blades (20.1–) 23.5–35.6 × (6.3–) 9–11.8 cm, elliptic to oblanceolate, asymmetrical, basally obtuse and truncate to slightly cordate at basiscopic half, cuneate at acroscopic half, apically acute and straight; puberulous toward the midvein and secondary veins abaxially, glabrous adaxially; obliquely attached to petiolule, bullate, discolorous; abaxial surface whitish, sparsely dark-punctate, smooth waxy, the wax red-punctate; midvein and secondary veins raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, secondary veins 20–27 pairs, brochidodromous, intersecondary veins present, tertiary veins percurrent, margin entire. Inflorescences as racemes 11.1–18.1 mm long (axis including peduncle), axillary to fallen leaves, i.e. ramiflorous to cauliflorous, 1.1–4.9 mm long pedunculate, 15–32-flowered, glabrous, surface scaly waxy on the axis, the wax red-punctate; bracts 1.3–1.8 × 1–1.5 mm, ovate, acute and straight apically, caducous, margin entire, ciliate; pedicels (3.8–) 5.1–13.2 mm long (fruiting pedicel not seen), glabrous, surface scaly waxy, the wax red-punctate; bracteoles 7.9–13.3 × 3.8–4.8 mm, obovate, obtuse and rounded apically, very sparsely puberulous adaxially, otherwise glabrous, opening completely abaxially and incompletely on the adaxial side of the flower, abaxial surface scaly waxy, the wax red-punctate, adaxial surface smooth waxy; hypanthium (6.1–) 7.7– 11.9 × 1.7–2 mm (including stipe), cylindric, curved, gibbose basally, 0.7–1.3 mm long stipitate, sparsely puberulous, surface smooth waxy, the wax red-punctate; calyx 4-merous, sepals 9–12.9 × 1.7–3.2 mm, oblanceolate, obtuse and rounded apically, sparsely puberulous in both surfaces, abaxial surface sparsely scaly waxy, the wax red-punctate, adaxial surface smooth waxy, all sepals equal in shape and size, margin entire, ciliate; single petal 11.7–17.8 × 4.5–7.1 mm (including claw), elliptic, obtuse and rounded apically, 0.7–1.1 mm long unguiculate, sparsely puberulous on midvein adaxially, otherwise glabrous and papillose, margin entire, undulate; androecium 3-merous, filaments 18.5– 22.9 mm long, flattened with a groove adaxially, glabrous, papillose, anthers 3.1–3.4 × 1.9–2.2 mm, broadly ellipsoid, glabrous, papillose; gynophore 1.4–1.6 mm long, puberulous, surface smooth waxy, the wax red-punctate, inserted at top of the adaxial wall of the hypanthium, ovary 4.2–4.6 × 1.2–1.5 mm, oblong, puberulous marginally, otherwise glabrous, surface smooth waxy, the wax red-punctate, 3–5-ovulate, style 19.9–24.2 mm long, puberulous basally to sparsely puberulous apically, surface smooth waxy, the wax red-punctate, stigma papillose. Fruits 13.6–16.6 × 5.1–5.6 cm (without stipe, this not seen), narrowly obovate, obtuse and rounded basally (over stipe), obtuse and obliquely truncate apically, sparsely puberulous on the margin, otherwise glabrous, surface smooth waxy, the wax red-punctate, dehiscent, 2–3 seeds per fruit. Seeds ca. 2.7 × 1.6 cm, oblong to elliptic, surface smooth waxy, the wax red-punctate. Distribution and habitat:— Macrolobium ceriferum is endemic to western Colombia, where occurs in the Pacific biogeographical region. It has been collected in the departments of Chocó and Valle del Cauca, on the municipalities of Alto Baudó and Buenaventura respectively. Macrolobium ceriferum inhabits on the lowland rainforest near to banks of the Baudó and Calima rivers, at elevations between 50 and 182 m, under equatorial rainforest climate (Af) according the Köppen-Geiger climate classification (Kottek et al. 2006) (Fig. 3). Phenology:— Flowering in May and December and fruiting in May. Conservation status:— Macrolobium ceriferum is only known by two subpopulations, both outside of any official protected areas, and with an small area of occupancy (AOO) of 8 km 2. The subpopulations are isolated between them by ca. 200 km, and one of these is located to less than 13 km from Buenaventura city. Its habitat is inside to areas of high mining and selective logging impact, which, although not evident in satellite images, are reported as the main economic activities of the Pacific biogeographical region and produce the mains environmental problematics for the region, such deforestation, soils degradation, disturb to water courses, among others (Moreno & Ledezma-Rentería 2007). According to Rangel-Ch. (2014), the deforestation in this area is estimated at 25–36 %, causing deterioration and loss of habitat quality for plant communities. For these reasons, Macrolobium ceriferum is here proposed under “Endangered” EN category. Etymology:— The epithet ceriferum is derived from the Latin “cera” (wax) and the suffix “-fer” (bearing), indicating that this species bears wax at its surfaces, referring to both, the scaly wax at the inflorescence and flower axes, and the smooth wax at the abaxial surface of leaflet blades, features that help to recognize the new species. Additional specimen examined (paratype):— COLOMBIA. Valle del Cauca. Mun. [Buenaventura]: Bajo Calima, near San Isidro, N of Buenaventura, Cartón de Colombia concession, tropical wet/ pluvial forest transition above mouth of Río Calima, 50 m, 4°0ʹ0ʹʹN, 77°0ʹ0ʹʹW, 8 December 1981 (fl), Al Gentry 35466 (COL-258969 [digital image!], MO-3011247 [n.v.], MO-3011248 [n.v.], US-2981970 [digital image!]). Notes:— Macrolobium ceriferum belongs to Macrolobium sect. Stenosolen due to its bracteoles opening completely abaxially and incompletely on the adaxial side of the flower, hypanthium cylindric, sepals four, equal in shape and size and petal with a short claw. This new species is sympatric with Macrolobium archeri Cowan (1953: 334), both restricted to the Pacific biogeographical region in Colombia, however, M. ceriferum differs from it by its leaflet blades bullate, discolorous, whitish abaxially (vs. not bullate, concolorous, not whitish in M. archeri), its secondary veins raised abaxially, impressed adaxially (vs. flat to slightly raised in both surfaces), its shorter inflorescence ramiflorous to cauliflorous 11.1–18.1 mm long (vs. inflorescence terminal ca. 35 mm long), its inflorescence axis glabrous, scaly waxy (vs. minute puberulous, not scaly waxy), its smaller bracts 1.3–1.8 × 1–1.5 mm (vs. bracts ca. 3 × 1.5–2 mm), its smaller bracteoles 7.9–13.3 × 3.8–4.8 mm (vs. ca. 17 × 6.5 mm), its shorter hypanthium (6.1–) 7.7–11.9 mm long, 0.7–1.3 mm long stipitate (vs. ca. 14 mm long, ca. 4.5 mm long stipitate), its smaller sepals 9–12.9 × 1.7–3.2 mm (vs. 20–22 × 4.5–7 mm), its smaller petals 11.7–17.8 × 4.5–7.1 mm, 0.7–1.1 mm long unguiculate (vs. ca. 28 × 12 mm, sessile), sparsely puberulous on the midvein adaxially (vs. glabrous), its shorter filaments 18.5–22.9 mm long (vs. ca. 27 mm long), glabrous (vs. pilose basally), its shorter anthers 3.1–3.4 mm long (vs. 9–10 mm long), its style puberulous basally to sparsely puberulous apically (vs. glabrous), and its smaller ovary 4.2–4.6 × 1.2–1.5 mm (vs. 5–7 × 2 mm). Furthermore, Macrolobium ceriferum shares with Macrolobium dressleri Cowan (1973: 451) and Macrolobium floridum Karsten (1858: 151) their leaves 2-foliolate, their leaflet blades basally obtuse and truncate to slightly cordate at basiscopic half, their bracteoles and hypanthium with puberulous indumentum, but other characters distinguish M. ceriferum from these two species and are provided in Table 1 together to differences from M. pittieri and M. archeri. *These values were taken from the protologue by Karsten (1858), and they are consistent to the known specimens of Macrolobium floridum. The values provided by Aymard-Corredor and Romero-González (2021) and Cowan (1953) are apparently misspelled as: “ 5–15 cm ”, which wide range and large upper limit are unusual for species of Macrolobium sect. Stenosolen, besides, in the specimens cited by these authors, no inflorescences longer than 10 cm long were observed. Macrolobium archeri is a widely used name for specimens from both Amazon and Pacific regions in Ecuador and Colombia, however, the specimens review carried out in this study allows conclude that there are different taxonomic entities under this name. Macrolobium archeri remains endemic to the Pacific biogeographical region in Colombia, in the departments of Choco and Valle del Cauca. All additional records from the Ecuadorian Amazon and even some from Colombian Pacific, correspond to undescribed species that will be published in ongoing studies focused on give clarity about this species group. The description of M. ceriferum increases the number of species for the M. sect. Stenosolen to 20., Published as part of Trujillo-López, Ana María & Londoño-Echeverri, Yeison, 2023, Novelties in Macrolobium (Detarioideae, Fabaceae) for Northern South America: Two new species and new chorological records from Colombia and Ecuador, pp. 155-170 in Phytotaxa 599 (3) on pages 156-162, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.599.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8012523, {"references":["Britton, N. L. & Rose, J. N. (1930) Caesalpiniaceae. In: s. e. North American Flora. Vol. 23 (4). The New York Botanical Garden, New York, pp. 201 - 268.","Woodson, R. E. & Schery, R. W. (1951) Flora of Panama Part V. Fascicle 3 (Leguminosae, second part). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 38 (1): 1 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2394486","Kottek, M., Grieser, J., Beck, C., Rudolf, B. & Rubel, F. (2006) World map of the Koppen Geiger climate classification updated. Meteorologische Zeitschrif 15 (3): 259 - 263. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / 0941 - 2948 / 2006 / 0130","Moreno, G. R. & Ledezma-Renteria, E. (2007) Efectos de las actividades socioeconomicas (mineria y explotacion maderera) sobre los bosques del departamento del Choco. Revista institucional universidad tecnologica del Choco 26 (1): 58 - 65.","Cowan, R. S. (1953) A taxonomic revision of the genus Macrolobium (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae). Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 8 (4): 257 - 342.","Cowan, R. S. (1973) Studies of tropical American Leguminosae - VII. Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Washington 86 (39): 447 - 460.","Karsten, H. (1858) Florae Columbiae terrarumque adiacentium specimina selecta in peregrinatione duodecim annorum observata delineavit et descripsit I. Berolini, Apud Ferdinandi Duemmleri Successores, 200 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 400","Aymard-Corredor, G. A & Romero-Gonzalez, G. A. (2021) Macrolobium floridum H. Karst. (Fabaceae, Detarioideae), a Venezuelan Coastal Cordillera endemic species not collected since 1844. Memoria de la Fundacion La Salle de Ciencias Naturales 79 (188): 5 - 28."]}

Recent phylogenomic analyses of 997 nuclear genes support the long-held view that the genus Entada is congeneric with Elephantorrhiza. Entada is resolved as monophyletic only if the genus Elephantorrhiza is subsumed within it. The two genera were distinguished solely by relatively minor differences in the mode of dehiscence of the fruits (a craspedium separating into one-seeded endocarp segments in Entada versus a craspedium with the whole fruit valve breaking away from the persistent replum in Elephantorrhiza) and the craspedial fruit type itself provides a shared synapomorphy for the re-circumscribed Entada. Here, we provide a synopsis of Entada, including 11 new combinations in total, for the eight species, one subspecies and one variety previously placed in Elephantorrhiza, as well as a new combination for a subspecies of Entada rheedei Spreng. not previously dealt with when Entada pursaetha DC. was placed in synonymy. These new combinations are: Entada burkei (Benth.) S.A. O’Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov.; Entada elephantina (Burch.) S.A. O’Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov.; Entada goetzei (Harms) S.A. O’Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov.; Entada goetzei subsp. lata (Brenan & Brummitt) S.A. O’Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov.; Entada obliqua (Burtt Davy) S.A. O’Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov.; Entada praetermissa (J.H. Ross) S.A. O’Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov.; Entada rangei (Harms) S.A. O’Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov.; Entada rheedei subsp. sinohimalensis (Grierson & D.G. Long) S.A. O’Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov.; Entada schinziana (Dinter) S.A. O’Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov.; Entada woodii (E. Phillips) S.A. O’Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov.; and Entada woodii var. pubescens (E. Phillips) S.A. O’Donnell & G.P. Lewis, comb. nov. We provide a revised circumscription of the genus Entada which now comprises 40 species distributed pantropically, with the greatest diversity of species in tropical Africa. We present a complete taxonomic synopsis, including a map showing the global distribution of the genus and photographs showing variation amongst species in habit, foliage, flowers and fruits. A short discussion about extrafloral nectaries, mainly observed in the Madagascan species, is presented.

Hydrochorea and Balizia were established to accommodate four and three species, respectively, that were previously included in different ingoid genera, based primarily on differences in fruit morphology. Both genera have Amazonia as their centre of diversity, extending to Central America and the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. Previous phylogenetic evidence showed Balizia to be paraphyletic with respect to Hydrochorea, and species of Hydrochorea and Balizia were placed in a large unresolved polytomy with species of Jupunba. Here we present a new phylogenomic analysis based on 560 exons, from which 686 orthologous alignments were derived for gene tree inference. This analysis confirms a paraphyletic Balizia in relation to Hydrochorea, together with two African species formerly placed in Albizia nested within the clade. Jupunba macradenia was resolved as sister to the clade combining those taxa. However, quartet support is low for several of the branches at the base of the clade combining the genera Jupunba, Balizia and Hydrochorea, suggesting that rapid initial divergence in this group led to extensive incomplete lineage sorting and consequently poor phylogenetic resolution. Because of these phylogenomic complexities, we decided to use morphology as the main guide to consider Hydrochorea as a distinct genus from Jupunba, and Balizia as a new synonym for Hydrochorea. The taxonomic treatment includes the study of collections from various herbaria and fieldwork expeditions. We present a re-circumscribed Hydrochorea accommodating a total of 10 species, including six new combinations, five new synonyms, one new taxonomic status, two corrections of nomenclature category for lectotypes, and a second step lectotype and three new lectotypes. A new species from the Brazilian Amazon is described and illustrated. An identification key for all species of Hydrochorea is presented, together with comments and illustrations.

Following recent mimosoid phylogenetic and phylogenomic studies demonstrating the non-monophyly of the genus Albizia, we present a new molecular phylogeny focused on the neotropical species in the genus, with much denser taxon sampling than previous studies. Our aims were to test the monophyly of the neotropical section Arthrosamanea, resolve species relationships, and gain insights into the evolution of fruit morphology. We perform a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of sequences of nuclear internal and external transcribed spacer regions and trace the evolution of fruit dehiscence and lomentiform pods. Our results find further support for the non-monophyly of the genus Albizia, and confirm the previously proposed segregation of Hesperalbizia, Hydrochorea, Balizia and Pseudosamanea. All species that were sampled from section Arthrosamanea form a clade that is sister to a clade composed of Jupunba, Punjuba, Balizia and Hydrochorea. We find that lomentiform fruits are independently derived from indehiscent septate fruits in both Hydrochorea and section Arthrosamanea. Our results show that morphological adaptations to hydrochory, associated with shifts into seasonally flooded habitats, have occurred several times independently in different geographic areas and different lineages within the ingoid clade. This suggests that environmental conditions have likely played a key role in the evolution of fruit types in Albizia and related genera. We resurrect the name Pseudalbizzia to accommodate the species of section Arthrosamanea, except for two species that were not sampled here but have been shown in other studies to be more closely related to other ingoid genera and we restrict the name Albizia s.s. to the species from Africa, Madagascar, Asia, Australia, and the Pacific. Twenty-one new nomenclatural combinations in Pseudalbizzia are proposed, including 16 species and 5 infraspecific varietal names. In addition to the type species Pseudalbizzia berteroana, the genus has 17 species distributed across tropical regions of the Americas, including the Caribbean. Finally, a new infrageneric classification into five sections is proposed and a distribution map of the species of Pseudalbizzia is presented.

The present study consists of a synopsis of Fabaceae in the Pico do Jabre State Park, Paraíba state, northeastern Brazil. 36 species were recorded, subordinate to 24 genera and three subfamilies (Caesalpinioideae, Cercidoideae and Papilionoideae). The genera with the largest number of species were: Senna (six spp.); Mimosa and Chamaecrista (four spp. each) and Centrosema (two spp.). The other genera were represented by one species each. The treatment includes an identification key, information on geographic distribution, flowering and/or fruiting data and images for the species in the area.

Dicorynia stands out among the 17 genera of the diverse legume subfamily Dialioideae as an example of extreme floral reduction and specialization. It has asymmetric flowers presenting a heteromorphic calyx, trimerous corolla, and pair of highly dimorphic stamens, with one or both anthers polysporangiate. The two species of Dicorynia are Amazonian trees, one of which is highly valued for its timber. Despite the economic importance of the genus and an abundance of new collections, no comprehensive taxonomic study of Dicorynia has been completed since the publication of Koeppen’s monograph almost six decades ago, in which two species were recognized, one of which divided into six varieties. The present work employs integrative analysis of geographical, ecological, and extensive specimen-based morphological data to test previous delimitations of species and varieties. A new classification is adopted in an updated and comprehensive taxonomic revision of Dicorynia. We maintain two morphologically distinct and geographically separated species, D. guianensis and D. paraensis. The former is restricted to portions of the Guiana Shield north of the Amazon basin. At the same time, the latter is broadly distributed in the Amazon basin, but mainly north of the Amazon River. We recognize several taxonomically significant entities within the latter species, which, because they display limited morphological overlap and substantial geographical sympatry, we treat as varieties. However, we reduce the number of varieties from six to four. The taxonomic treatment contains new descriptions and illustrations, distribution maps, including two new areas of occurrence, conservation status assessments for all treated taxa, and identification keys to distinguish them. Nomenclatural, biogeographical, and ecological comments, including two new lectotypifications, are provided.

Humboldtia ponmudiana (Fabaceae-Detarioideae), a new species from Kerala, is described here with photographs. It is closely similar to H. decurrens, but differs in having black coloured bark, densely brown tomentose young shoots, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate leaflets, sessile or subsessile flowers, large broadly ovate eglandular bracts, connate to middle bracteoles, 1-4 ovuled ovaries and silky tomentose pods with long beak. The IUCN conservation status, ecology, distribution along with a key to the species for the identification of the genus is also provided.

An emended description of Iranian endemic Astragalus durandianus is provided with illustrations and extra information on several morphological characters not indicated in the protologue, including corolla characteristics, the habit size, peduncle length, bigger fruit size, black hairs on the fruits and several other differences. Based on field observations, a brief description of the habitat and data on ecology and biogeography of the species are provided. The conservation status of all species of Astragalus section Trachycercis in the Iranian plateau is evaluated.

Indigofera vallicola (Fabaceae), a new species is described and illustrated. This plant is only found from two localities in the central Yunnan Province, southwest China. It is characterized by having the prostrate habit, usually 13–17-foliolate leaves and the relatively small (3–5 mm long) flowers. Morphological comparisons with its closest relatives, I. rigioclada, I. franchetii, I. chaetodonta, and I. henryi are also presented.