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A 3×3 fattorial arrangement with dietary non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) levels and phytase sources (3- and 6-phytase) was conducted to evaluate the effects of NPP levels, phytase sources and their possible interactions on growth performance, serum biochemical and tibia parameters of broiler chickens from hatch to 42 days of age. A total of 540 1-day-old Arbor Acres male broiler chicks were randomly allocated into nine dietary treatments, each containing 5 replicates pens with 12 birds per pen. Interaction was statistically significant in the performance till day 21 of trial, supplementation of low NPP diet decreased body weight (BW) (P

Abstract Purpose Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is one of the most severe malignancies in East Asia, where early diagnosis is crucial for improving patient prognosis. So we aim to identify effective early diagnostic model for HCC. Design and methods We enrolled 108 early-stage HCC patients and 102 non-HCC individuals underlying HBV infection, collecting plasma exosomal miRNAs (exo-miRNAs) from all participants. These patients were randomly assigned to sequencing, screening, training, and validation group. After preliminary screening of candidate exo-miRNAs by next-generation high-throughput sequencing, qPCR data from the screening group were utilized in conjunction with the random forest machine learning algorithm to identify candidate exo-miRNAs with diagnostic potential. Subsequently, logistic regression diagnostic model was constructed using the relative expression levels of candidate exo-miRNAs, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels and clinical parameters of gender and the presence of cirrhosis from the training group. The diagnostic accuracy of diagnostic model was subsequently validated in the validation group. Results Firstly, we identified miR-212-5p, miR-1248, and miR-1250-5p as candidate exo-miRNAs with potential diagnostic value. The exo-miRNAs panel, which consisted of miR-212-5p, miR-1248, miR-1250-5p, along with clinical parameters of gender and cirrhosis, achieved an AUC of 0.8634 (95% CI: 0.8027–0.9241), demonstrating diagnostic performance non-inferior to AFP in the independent dataset. Subsequently, by combining exo-miRNAs, AFP level and clinical parameter of gender, we enhanced the diagnostic panel, miRAGe, which exhibited an AUC of 0.9499 (95% CI: 0.9192–0.9806), sensitivity of 0.8900, and specificity of 0.9468. Conclusion Our study indicates that the miRAGe panel has low rate of both missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis rates, potentially serving as a useful diagnostic tool for HBV-related HCC in early stage, which may subsequently contribute to improve the prognosis.

China Telecom has launched a high-efficient and collaborative wide-area big data architecture system, the cloud edge computing big data platform, for large-scale governmental and enterprise organizations spanning multiple geographies and clusters. The platform logically abstracts data partitions through the cluster dimension, integrates multiple independent datasets into a "virtual dataset", and achieves many-to-one dataset mapping management. At the same time, the computing load dataset of the platform has generalized characteristics, which can flexibly cope with the data processing requirements in different scenarios. In addition, the platform also supports a variety of computing engines and scheduling systems using relational expressions as intermediate representations to achieve batch tasks for large-scale, complex data processing in highly fault-tolerant scenarios. At present, the cloud edge computing big data platform has been applied in a variety of application scenes. The platform has improved efficiency by 17% in 5G Core capacity scheduling subsystem (5GC) multi-centre big data job development and operation, and has achieved the collaborative scheduling of a total of 42 PB of storage, 84 TB of memory, and 24 984 VCore computing resources, with a daily average of 80 308 times of task scheduling between the front cluster and the core cluster.

Abstract Background Intrathecal dexmedetomidine, as an adjuvant to local anesthetics, has been reported to improve the quality of spinal anesthesia and reduce the required local anesthetic dose. However, the optimal dosage regimen for intrathecal dexmedetomidine combined with plain ropivacaine for cesarean section (CS) remains undetermined. The present study aimed to determine the median effective dose (ED50) of intrathecal dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to plain ropivacaine for spinal anesthesia during CS. Methods Sixty parturients undergoing CS were randomly assigned to either group: plain ropivacaine 8 mg (Group Rop8) or plain ropivacaine 10 mg (Group Rop10). The initial dosage of intrathecal dexmedetomidine in each group was 5 µg. The effective dose was defined as a bilateral sensory block at the level of T6 or above to pinprick attained within 10 min after intrathecal injection, without the need for supplementary intraoperative epidural anesthesia. Effective or ineffective responses were determined, followed by a 1 µg increment or decrement in the dose of intrathecal dexmedetomidine for the next parturient using up-down sequential allocation. ED50 were calculated using probit regression. Results The ED50 of intrathecal dexmedetomidine with plain ropivacaine was 5.9 µg (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.9–7.4 µg) in Group Rop8 and 3.1 µg (95% CI, 0.1–4.8 µg) in Group Rop10 (P

IntroductionLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as key regulators in multiple human diseases. In particular, the dysfunction of lncRNAs in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) contributes to the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain (NP). Nevertheless, the role and mechanism of most lncRNAs in NP remain unclear.MethodsTwo classic chronic NP models, including L4 spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model and chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve, were performed. Mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia were used to evaluate neuropathic pain. DRG microinjection was used to deliver agents into DRG. qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, western blotting, siRNA transfection, AAV transduction were performed to investigate the phenotypes and molecular basis.ResultsHere, we discovered that Rmst as a lncRNA was specifically expressed in Atf3+ injured DRG neurons and significantly upregulated following peripheral nerve damage. Rmst overexpression by direct DRG injection of AAV5-Rmst causes neuropathic symptoms in the absence of nerve damage. Conversely, blocking Rmst expression in injured DRGs alleviated nerve injury-induced pain hypersensitivities and downregulated Dnmt3a expression. Furthermore, we found peripheral nerve damage induced Rmst increase could interact with RNA-binding protein HuR to stabilize the Dnmt3a mRNA.ConclusionOur findings reveal a crucial role of Rmst in damaged DRG neurons under NP condition and provide a novel target for drug development against NP.

The ladder phenyl/vinyl polysilsesquioxane (PhVPOSS) was used to improve the flame-retardancy performances of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)/aluminum hydroxide (ATH) composites due to the reactivity of its vinyl groups. FTIR, XPS, 1H NMR, and SEM-EDS data demonstrated the PhVPOSS grafting onto EVA molecular chains. The PhVPOSS improved the thermal stability of EVA/ATH composites, as shown by the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Furthermore, with the cone calorimeter (CONE) experiments, EVA/ATH/PhVPOSS showed better fire safety than the EVA/ATH composites, with the PHRR, PSPR, and PCOP reduced by 7.89%, 57.4%, and 90.9%, respectively. The mechanism investigations of flame retardancy revealed that the charring behaviors of the EVA/ATH/PhVPOSS composites were improved by the formation of Si-C bonds and Si-O bonds, and a more compact and denser char layer can contribute more to the barrier effect.

PurposeThis study aimed to determine the prognostic impact of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in critically ill trauma patients.MethodsThis retrospective study involved adult trauma patients from 335 intensive care units (ICUs) at 208 hospitals stored in the eICU database. The primary outcome was ICU mortality. The lengths of ICU and hospital stay were calculated as the secondary outcomes. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify independent predictors of mortality. To identify the effect of the NLR on survival, a 15-day survival curve was used.ResultsA total of 3,865 eligible subjects were enrolled in the study. Univariate analysis showed that patients in the group with a higher NLR were more likely to receive aggressive methods of care delivery: mechanical ventilation, vasopressor, and antibiotics ( P 7.44 was an independent risk factor for ICU death in patients with TBI (OR: 1.837, 95% CI: 1.045–3.229) and TBI victims whose NLR > 7.44 had a 15-day survival disadvantage (P = 0.005).ConclusionA high NLR is associated with a poor prognosis in trauma patients, even worse in patients with TBI. An NLR > 7.44 is an independent risk factor for death in patients with TBI.

Objectives: To characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of intravenous voriconazole (VRC) in critically ill patients with liver dysfunction. Methods: Patients with liver dysfunction in the intensive care unit (ICU) were included prospectively. The Child–Pugh score was used to categorize the degree of liver dysfunction. The initial intravenous VRC dosing regimen comprised a loading dose of 300 mg every 12 h for the first 24 h, followed by 200 mg every 12 h. The first PK curves (PK curve 1) were drawn within one dosing interval of the first dose for 17 patients; the second PK curves (PK curve 2) were drawn within one dosing interval after a minimum of seven doses for 12 patients. PK parameters were estimated by non-compartmental analysis. Results: There were good correlations between the area under the curve (AUC0–12) of PK curve 2 and the corresponding trough concentration (C0) and peak concentration (Cmax) (r2 = 0.951 and 0.963, respectively; both p < 0.001). The median half-life (t1/2) and clearance (CL) of patients in Child–Pugh class A (n = 3), B (n = 5), and C (n = 4) of PK curve 2 were 24.4 h and 3.31 l/h, 29.1 h and 2.54 l/h, and 60.7 h and 2.04 l/h, respectively. In the different Child–Pugh classes, the CL (median) of PK curve 2 were all lower than those of PK curve 1. The apparent steady-state volume of distribution (Vss) of PK curve 1 was positively correlated with actual body weight (r2 = 0.450, p = 0.004). The median first C0 of 17 patients determined on day 5 was 5.27 (2.61) μg/ml, and 29.4% of C0 exceeded the upper limit of the therapeutic window (2–6 μg/ml). Conclusions: The CL of VRC decreased with increasing severity of liver dysfunction according to the Child–Pugh classification, along with an increased t1/2, which resulted in high plasma exposure of VRC. Adjusted dosing regimens of intravenous VRC should be established based on Child–Pugh classes for these ICU patients, and plasma concentrations should be monitored closely to avoid serious adverse events. Keywords: Voriconazole, Liver dysfunction, Pharmacokinetics, Child–Pugh score

This paper summarized the construction experience of the Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing clinics and discussed the thought of future development. Surgery was conducted to investigate the patients’ need of healthcare service form Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing clinics, and outpatient service with characteristic of Traditional Chinese Medicine was established; A group of certified clinic nurses were recruited, and training and Learning plan was made to improve their professional competence of Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing; outpatient process and appraisal mechanism was developed for the continuous quality improvement; interventions were carried out to improve nursing service capacity and patient’s satisfaction. The construction and development of Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing clinics have met the needs of patients, and its shortcomings in the process of operation need to be improved, for the future development of outpatient service with characteristic of Traditional Chinese Medicine. (通过总结中医护理门诊的建设经验, 探讨中医护理门诊建设和发展的思路与方法。通过前期调研分析中医护理门诊的需求, 制定具有中医特色的护理门诊服务内容; 成立中医护理门诊小组, 确定中医护理门诊人员资质, 通过有计划地学习、参观、培训, 培养中医护理门诊人员才能; 按照制定的计划优化中医护理门诊流程, 制定考核机制, 从而在运行过程中持续质量改进; 满足患者就诊需求, 提升中医护理服务能力和患者满意度; 总结中医护理门诊工作, 结合现代中医门诊实践, 不断完善和丰富护理学的内容。中医护理门诊的建设和发展更符合患者需求, 但中医博大精深, 开展过程中仍然可能存在一些问题, 需要不断改进完善, 从而积极发展具有中医特色的门诊服务。)

Objectives: We investigated the impact of obesity (proxied as body mass index (BMI)), on short- and long-term mortality in sepsis patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis with adult sepsis ICU patients in a US medical institution from 2001 to 2012 in the MIMIC-III database. The WHO BMI categories were used. Multivariate logistic regression assessed the relationships between BMI and 30-day and 1-year mortality. Results: In total, 5563 patients were enrolled. Obese patients tended to be younger (P

Since the polyurethane elastomer synthesis process is susceptible to moisture, polytriazole polyethylene oxide-tetrahydrofuran (PTPET) elastomer was used as a replacement owing to its mild production environment. In contrast to the conventional flask-synthesis method, the twin-screw reactor instrument could provide more meaningful data in the synthesis. In this study, PTPET elastomer was prepared by the MiniLab twin-screw reactor method for the first time, and the activation energy of the PTPET elastomer was calculated using the torque variation obtained from the MiniLab twin-screw reactor during the synthesis process at two different temperatures. The addition of flame retardants could endow the composites with more useful properties. The PTPET composites poly (phenylsilsesquioxane) (PTPET-PPSQ), octaphenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (PTPET-OPS) and PTPET-PhVPOSS (phenyl/vinyl polysilsesquioxane) were synthesized by using the MiniLab twin-screw reactor. The prepared PTPET elastomer and composites were fully characterized by FT-IR, TG, DSC, swelling test, mechanical test, SEM and combustion test. The characterization results show that the addition of the flame retardants has little influence on the original structure and properties of PTPET elastomer. The flame retardancy was characterized by the combustion test showing that all PTPET composites form a certain thickness of char layer during the burning process. These results indicate that the addition of flame retardants maintains the outstanding properties of PTPET elastomer and also endows the materials with a certain extent of flame retardancy; thus, it is believed to be a good engineering material that could be applied in many realms.

Abstract Background & Aims: Clinical education is the heart of nursing profession. The available clinical educations do not empower students for gaining clinical competency and skills. Because educator’s performance and behavior is one of the main determinants of effective clinical education, the present study aimed to determine the relationship between educators’ clinical behaviors and students’ learning in shiraz university of medical sciences. Material & Methods: This descriptive, correlational study was conducted on 128 nursing students selected through the convenience sampling. The students’ viewpoints were assessed regarding the extent to which educational behaviors are applied by nursing educators as well as the effectiveness of these behaviors in students’ learning. The data were collected using the Nursing Clinical Teacher Effectiveness Inventory (NCTEI) developed by Knox and Morgan. Then, the data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics and Pearson’s correlation coefficient using the SPSS software version 19. Results: There was a significant positive relationship between the educational behaviors applied by the clinical educators and the effectiveness of these behaviors in nursing students’ learning (P=0.001, r=0.71). Regarding educational behaviors, the results showed that the teaching ability and personality traits had the highest and lowest priority, respectively. Also considering the effectiveness of these behaviors in learning, teaching ability and evaluation gained the highest and lowest priority, respectively. Conclusion: The effective educational behaviors of educators lead to improve the nursing students’ learning. According to the results of the study, there is a need to improve the educators’ conditions for doing effective clinical behaviors in the areas of educators’ personality traits and student evaluation methods. In this regard, the use of educational programs to show the importance of doing educational behaviors related to the mentioned areas by clinical educators and their effects on students learning can be very beneficial.

Introduction: Cancer is one of the most harmful disease throughout the world. Doxorubicin is an anti-cancer agent, used in the treatment of various types of the cancer such as bone cancer. There are several adverse effects related to clinical usage of Doxorubicin for long time. The present study aimed to investigate the reducing side effects and enhancing the therapeutic effect by liposomal carrier. Methods: Liposomes containing DPPG and cholesterol with the molar ratio of 70:30 with the Doxorubicin were synthesized by pH- gradient method. The average diameter of nanoparticles and surface charge was determined by Zeta-Sizer instrument. The amount of drug loaded and drug-released was determined using dialysis. The surface morphology and internal lamella was evaluated by TEM and SEM. Results: The average size of liposomal Doxorubicin obtained using Zeta-Sizer was 126 nm. The encapsulation efficacy of liposomal Doxorubicin was 89%. The total amount of drug release during 48 hours in acidic medium studied by dialysis technique was 46%. Conclusion: In this study, investigation of loading Doxorubicin into nano-liposome with the slow- released kinetic was carried out to improve the solubility and bioavailability of Doxorubicin in order to delivery to osteosarcoma cell line.

Coal is the typical multi-pore media. Numerous experiments have been done to investigate the pore structure of coal. Mercury intrusion porosimetry is still a popular way to analyze the pore characteristics. Compressibility effect on the mercury intrusion porosimetry data cannot be ignored. So N2 adsorption (NA) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) were applied to analyze the pore structure of coal. In this paper, the mercury intrusion process was divided into three stages including interpore filling, large intrapore filling, and small intrapore filling. The fractal analysis is an important mathematical method, which is widely used to evaluate heterogeneity in the size-dependent distribution of porosity. The fractal characteristics of pore structures in four coal samples with the same rank were also investigated. Three pore fractal dimensions corresponding to the three stages of mercury intrusion, D1C, D2C, and D3C were calculated with the Brooks–Corey capillary pressure model. Df calculated with Farin model is used to estimate an overall fractal dimension. The correlation between the pore fractal dimension and the pore size distribution (PSD) characteristics was further discussed.

Gerbera anandria (Compositae) was extracted with 75% ethanol and the residue was fractionated using light petroleum, chloroform and ethyl acetate. The constituents of the extracts were separated by column chromatography employing solvents of different polarity. Column chromatography of the light petroleum fraction resulted in the isolation of methyl hexadecanoate, while the chloroform fraction afforded xanthotoxin, 2-hydroxy-6-methylbenzoic acid, 7-hydroxy-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone, a mixture of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol, and 8-methoxysmyrindiol and the ethyl acetate fraction gave gerberinside, apigenin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside and quercetin. A new coumarin, 8-methoxysmyrindiol, was found. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were established by MS and NMR (HSQC, HMBC). Free radical scavenging and cytotoxic activities of crude extracts and 8-methoxysmyrindiol were further investigated. The ethyl acetate phase exerted the strongest DPPH free radical scavenging activity in comparison to the other fractions. The coumarin 8-methoxysmyrindiol demonstrated cytotoxicity against multiple human cancer cell lines, with the highest potency in HepG2 cells.

Flowers of Carthamus tinctorius L. are traditionally used in China to treat cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), the main constituent of Carthamus tinctorius L. flowers, is known for its multiple biological activities. In the present study, HSYA was isolated from Carthamus tinctorius L. flowers by a macroporous resin adsorption chromatography method coupled with a Waters high-throughput auto-purification system and it's vasodilatation effects on pulmonary artery (PA) were explored by an assay of tension study on rat pulmonary artery (PA) rings. Results suggest that HSYA possesses vascular relaxation effects on rat PA by activating the KV channel in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells (PVSMCs).

Semi-preparative high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was successfully used for isolation and purification of oridonin from Isodon rubescens by using a two-phase-solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (2.8:5:2.8:5, v/v/v/v). The targeted compound isolated, collected and purified by HSCCC was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A total of 40.6 mg of oridonin with the purity of 73.5% was obtained in less than 100 min from 100 mg of crude Isodon rubescens extract. The chemical structure of the compound was identified by IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR.

Neural cell adhesion molecule 140 (NCAM-140) is a glycoprotein and always highly polysialylated in cancer. Functions of polysialic acid (PSA) that binds to N-glycan termini on NCAM remain unclear. ldlD-14 cells, a CHO cell mutant deficient in UDP-Gal 4-epimerase, are useful for structural and functional studies of Gal-containing glycoproteins because their abnormal glycosylation can be converted to normal status by exogenous addition of galactose (Gal). We cloned the genes for NCAM-140 and for polysialyltransferases STX and PST (responsible for PSA synthesis) from normal murine mammary gland epithelial (NMuMG) cells and transfected them into ldlD-14 and human breast cancer cells MCF-7. The effect of PSA on NCAM-mediated cell proliferation, motility, migration and adhesion was studied. We found that NCAM-140 significantly promoted cell proliferation, motility and migration, while polysialylation of NCAM-140 catalyzed by STX, but not by PST, enhanced NCAM-mediated cell migration, but not cell proliferation or motility. In addition, PSA catalyzed by different polysialyltransferases affected the adhesion of NCAM to different extracellular matrix (ECM) components.

AbstractThe present study reports associations between feather mites (Astigmata) and birds in an Atlantic Forest fragment in Rio Grande do Norte state, in Brazil. In the laboratory, mites were collected through visual examination of freshly killed birds. Overall, 172 individuals from 38 bird species were examined, between October 2011 and July 2012. The prevalence of feather mites was 80.8%, corresponding to 139 infested individuals distributed into 30 species and 15 families of hosts. Fifteen feather mite taxa could be identified to the species level, sixteen to the genus level and three to the subfamily level, distributed into the families Analgidae, Proctophyllodidae, Psoroptoididae, Pteronyssidae, Xolalgidae, Trouessartiidae, Falculiferidae and Gabuciniidae. Hitherto unknown associations between feather mites and birds were recorded for eleven taxa identified to the species level, and nine taxa were recorded for the first time in Brazil. The number of new geographic records, as well as the hitherto unknown mite-host associations, supports the high estimates of diversity for feather mites of Brazil and show the need for research to increase knowledge of plumicole mites in the Neotropical region.

Given the significant and potential fatal implications of glyphosate (GLY) residues on human health and the integrity of ecosystems, their presence has garnered substantial global concern and scrutiny. Herein, we introduced a pioneering colorimetric sensing platform, the first of its kind, based on ternary metal-organic frameworks (ZnCo-ZIFs@MIL-101(Fe)). This innovative platform enabled ultra-sensitive, affordable, portable and rapid on-site detection of GLY. This platform achieved a wider linear range for GLY of 0.02-40 μg/mL with an exhibiting remarkable detection limit of 1 ng/mL, which was attributed to the electronic hybridization of the Fe 3+ , Co 2+ , and Zn 2+ metal centers of ZnCo-ZIFs@MIL-101(Fe), significantly enhancing the composite's catalytic performance. The assay was successfully employed to detect GLY in food and herb samples. Moreover, to meet the demand of in-field detection for GLY, a smartphone detection method based on ZnCo-ZIFs@MIL-101(Fe) with visual, intelligent, and portable features was fabricated. This detection concentration range of GLY was 0-1 μg/mL, and the limit of smartphone detection was 23 ng/mL. Furthermore, this sensor seamlessly integrated with smartphones and paper-based microfluidic chips (μPADs), which constructed a portable test strips-smartphone sensing platform for facilitating real-time and on-site visual quantitative detection of GLY. The detection concentration range was 0-1 μg/mL, and the limit was calculated as low as 75 ng/mL. The assay was highly adaptable in practical applications. In summary, our study paved a novel pathway for the design and utilization of multi-metal MOF nanozymes in on-site pesticide monitoring., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The development of point-of-care testing (POCT) for circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is meaningful for the non-invasive cancers screening and diagnosis, particularly in resource-limited settings. The microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) provides an ideal platform, its application in ctDNA assays remains underexplored. In this work, a multifunctional μPAD was manufactured, which can enhance the efficiency and reduce the cost of ctDNA sensing. Additionally, a smartphone-based application analysis was fabricated for convenient, portable detection and colorimetric signal readout. Moreover, the novel oxidase-like MnB 2 nanozyme was introduced in the sandwiches sensing strategy, utilizing its catalytic properties to effectively generate a colorimetric signal. The use of MnB 2 nanozyme in sensing application is relatively novel, and its catalytic performance and mechanism was thoroughly evaluated via experiment and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. After optimizing the detection conditions, the proposed biosensor exhibited satisfactory results. Furthermore, the method was successfully used to detect ctDNA in tumor cell lysates and peripheral blood samples from tumor-bearing mice. The results were consistent with standard qPCR method, affirming the reliability of our POCT analysis device in ctDNA detection. Thus, this work not only provides a paper-based POCT device and intelligent analysis tool for portable cancers diagnosis, but it also paves a new application path for MnB 2 nanozyme in the sensing filed., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing interest The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, author-ship, and/or publication of this article., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Introduction and Importance: Nonspecific presentations during pregnancy can mask early signs and symptoms of upper abdominal tumours, making the preoperative diagnosis of upper abdominal tumours difficult. Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas (SPN) is a rare exocrine tumour of the pancreas, and SPN in combination with preeclampsia during pregnancy is even rarer., Case Presentation: In this paper, we report a case of SPN combined with preeclampsia during pregnancy and sudden rupture of a giant retroperitoneal SPN during a caesarean section, which resulted in life-threatening intra-abdominal haemorrhage. After exclusion of obstetric factors, a rapid response team was activated, multidisciplinary treatment (MDT) was carried out, and the patient was treated promptly and appropriately by resection of the giant retroperitoneal tumour, partial resection of the body and tail of the pancreas, and abdominal drainage., Clinical Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of SPN combined with preeclampsia during pregnancy, and a rapid and timely MDT could have ensured the patient's life., Conclusion: When dealing with a pregnant woman with an acute abdomen, the obstetrician should communicate fully with the woman to ensure that the most likely diagnosis is obtained. In the event of an unexpected accident during a caesarean section, it is important to remain calm, activate the Rapid Response Team and seek an MDT to ensure the life of the mother., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Understanding the mechanism of cancer immune surveillance is crucial for precision medicine and effective immunotherapy. We report here that ZNF408, encoded by a gene linked to familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) and autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP), is physically associated with the SETD1A/COMPASS complex mediating histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation in breast cancer cells. Integrative epigenomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal that ZNF408 and SETD1A share overlapped chromatin landscape and coordinately activate a cohort of genes, among which STING1 is critical in innate immune responses. ZNF408-SETD1A complex enhances STING1 expression and promotes STING-mediated anti-tumor immune responses both in vitro and in vivo . Importantly, ZNF408 expression is positively correlated with that of STING1 and negatively correlated with the histological grade of breast cancer. Our study uncovers a role for ZNF408 in cancer immune surveillance, supporting further investigations for therapeutic targeting of ZNF408-SETD1A-STING1 axis in breast carcinogenesis and other ZNF408-associated diseases including FEVR and RP., Competing Interests: The authors declare that this work has a related patent regarding the application of ZNF408 as a biomarker for breast cancer, which is issued by China National Intellectual Property Administration (202011593847.7)., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

A Ti 3 C 2 T x /MoS 2 /MWCNT@rGONR nanocomposite was prepared for the first time for building a sensitive electrochemical aptasening platform to simultaneously detect kanamycin (Kana) and chloramphenicol (Cap). Owing to their accordion-like structure, rich surface groups, and high charge mobility, Ti 3 C 2 T x /MoS 2 /MWCNT@rGONR composites provided a spacious covalent immobilization surface and a better electrochemical aptasensing platform. The aptamers of Kana and Cap used in sensors enhance the selectivity. Furthermore, TiP, an ion exchanger, was used for loading more different metal ions functioning as labels to form a sandwich-type sensor together with Ti 3 C 2 T x /MoS 2 /MWCNT@rGONR, improving the electrochemical sensitivity and obtaining a highly distinguishable signal readout. Under the optimized conditions, the sensor has good detection limits of 0.135 nmol L -1 and 0.173 nmol L -1 for Kana and Cap, respectively, at the same linearity concentration of 0.5-2500 nmol L -1 . Finally, it was successfully applied for detection in milk and fish meat, and the results were compared with the standard method HPLC, indicating its great potential for food safety monitoring.

The detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), as a practical liquid biopsy technique, was of great significance for the study of cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, reported methods for detection ctDNA still have some limitations, such as tedious process and high cost. In this study, CsPbBr 3 nanosheet (CsPbBr 3 NS) with high water stability was prepared by etching, and its fluorescence intensity could be stably stored for 1 year. The Ti 3 C 2 T x possessed high quenching efficiency for CsPbBr 3 NS and the HOMO-LUMO orbital study revealed that the PET mechanism was responsible for fluorescence quenching. And the Ti 3 C 2 T x showed stronger affinity towards single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), as compared with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). The probe ssDNA could be adsorbed on the surface of Ti 3 C 2 T x through π-π stacking. After the targets were recognized by probe ssDNA to form dsDNA, its affinity with Ti 3 C 2 T x decreased and the active site of Ti 3 C 2 T x recovered, causing a high quenching efficiency on CsPbBr 3 NS. Based on this, a label-free fluorescent biosensor was designed for the sensitive detection of ctDNA (EGFR 19 Dels for non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC). Under the optimal experimental conditions, this biosensor exhibited a detection limit of 180 fM and a linear range of 50 pM-350 pM with amplification of magnetic beads through strand displacement reaction. In addition, this sensor was applied to the detection of ctDNA in serum samples and cells lysates. This method for ctDNA detection was expected to have great potential for biomarker detection in the field of liquid biopsy., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The practical, sensitive, and real-time detection of heavy metal ions is an essential and difficult problem. This study presents the design of a unique magnetic electrochemical detection system that can achieve real-time field detection. To enhance the electrochemical performance of the sensor, Fe 2 O 3 @C-800, Co/CoO@/C-600, and CoFe 2 O 4 @C-600 magnetic composites were synthesized using three MOFs precursors by the solvothermal method. And the morphology structure and electrochemical properties of as-prepared magnetic composites were researched by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), specific surface area and porosity analyzer (BET) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The results shown that these composites improve conductivity and stability while preserving the MOFs basic frame structure. Compared with the monometallic MOFs-derived composites, the synergistic effect of the bimetallic composite CoFe 2 O 4 @C-600 can significantly enhance the electrochemical performance of the sensor. The linear range for the detection of lead ions was 0.001-60 μM, and the detection limit was 0.0043 μM with a sensitivity of 22.22 μA μM·cm -2 by differential pulse voltammetry. The sensor has good selectivity, stability, reproducibility and can be used for actual sample testing., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Huanbao Fa reports financial support was provided by The State Administration for Market Regulation. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

While numerous studies have associated maternal exposure to PM 2.5 with adverse birth outcomes, findings remain inconsistent and difficult to generalize. We aimed to investigate the causal relationship and window of sensitivity between gestational exposure to PM 2.5 and birth outcomes. We leveraged high-resolution satellite data to quantify gestational PM 2.5 exposure at the individual level, along with a combined model to determine daily relative risks (RRs) of birth outcomes in COVID-19 prelockdown and lockdown groups. RRs between the two groups were further compared using a longitudinal pre-post non-experimental design to identify sensitivity windows of adverse birth outcomes. A total of 73,781 pregnant women from the COVID-19 prelockdown group and 6267 pregnant women from the lockdown group were included for analysis. The daily mean PM 2.5 concentrations in the lockdown group decreased by 21.7% compared to the prelockdown group. During the first trimester, every 10 μg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 significantly increased the risk of congenital abnormalities of major organs such as the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, nervous system, urinary system, and respiratory system. Moreover, gestational exposure to PM 2.5 during the first trimester was associated with higher risks of premature delivery and term low birth weight. While PM 2.5 exposure during the second trimester was positively correlated with macrosomia. Gestational exposure to PM 2.5 is associated with increased risks of various adverse birth outcomes with specific sensitive windows. We demonstrated that gestational exposure to PM 2.5 increased risks of various adverse birth outcomes with specific window of sensitivity through the natural experiment design. Our findings underscore the urgent need for policies and initiatives targeting PM 2.5 reduction, especially during critical periods of pregnancy., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Accurately and quickly mining the hidden information in railway dangerous goods transportation (RDGT) accident reports has great significance for its safety management. In this paper, a data mining method Logistics-DT-TFP is proposed for analysing the causes of RDGT accidents. Firstly, analyse the transportation process, extract the cause of the accident, and classify the severity of the accident. Then, using ordered multi-classification Logistic regression for correlation calculation, qualitatively judge and quantitatively analyse the relationship between each cause and the severity of the accident. The feature tags of the Decision Tree (DT) are screened, the C5.0 algorithm is used to obtain the accident coupling rules. Next, the FP-Growth algorithm is used to mine frequent itemsets, and TOP-K is used to improve it and output effective association rules with the degree of lift as the indicator, which avoids repeated traversal of the database, shortens the time complexity, and reduces the impact of the minimum support setting on the calculation results. The degree of lift among the causes in the coupling chain is calculated as a complement to the extraction of coupling rules. Finally, based on the analysis and mining results of case study, the management strategies for railway dangerous goods are proposed., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Cardiac septal defect is the most prevalent congenital heart disease and is typically treated with open-heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. Since the 1990s, with the advancement of interventional techniques and minimally invasive transthoracic closure techniques, cardiac occluder implantation represented by the Amplazter products has been the preferred treatment option. Currently, most occlusion devices used in clinical settings are primarily composed of Nitinol as the skeleton. Nevertheless, long-term follow-up studies have revealed various complications related to metal skeletons, including hemolysis, thrombus, metal allergy, cardiac erosion, and even severe atrioventricular block. Thus, occlusion devices made of biodegradable materials have become the focus of research. Over the past two decades, several bioabsorbable cardiac occluders for ventricular septal defect and atrial septal defect have been designed and trialed on animals or humans. This review summarizes the research progress of bioabsorbable cardiac occluders, the advantages and disadvantages of different biodegradable polymers used to fabricate occluders, and discusses future research directions concerning the structures and materials of bioabsorbable cardiac occluders., (© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

The intrinsic regulation of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression remains unclear. Here, we report that zinc-finger protein 652 (ZNF652) is a potent transcription repressor of PD-L1. ZNF652 frequently experiences loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in various cancers. Higher LOH rate and lack of estrogen-inducible transcription lead to suppressed expression of ZNF652 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Mechanistically, ZNF652 is physically associated with the NuRD transcription co-repressor complex to repress a cohort of genes, including PD-L1. Overexpression of ZNF652 inhibits PD-L1 transcription, whereas depletion of ZNF652 upregulates PD-L1. Loss of ZNF652 in TNBC unleashes PD-L1-mediated immune evasion both in vitro and in vivo. Significantly, ZNF652 expression is progressively lost during breast cancer progression, and a low ZNF652 level is correlated with elevated PD-L1 expression, less infiltrated CD8 + T cells, and poor prognosis in TNBC. Our study provides insights into PD-L1 regulation and supports the pursuit of ZNF652 as a potential biomarker and drug target for breast cancer immunotherapy., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare that this work has a related patent regarding the application of ZNF652 as a biomarker for BRCA, which is issued by China National Intellectual Property Administration (202210937550.0)., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Technological advances in the detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) have made new options available for diagnosis, classification, biological studies, and treatment selection. However, effective and practical methods for analyzing this emerging class of biomarkers are still lacking. In this work, a fluorescent biosensor was designed for the label-free detection of ctDNA (EGFR 19 del for non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC). The biosensor was based on the fact that MnO 2 nanosheets (MnO 2 NSs) have stronger affinity towards single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), as compared with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). As a high-performance nanoenzyme, MnO 2 NSs could oxidize dopamine (DA) into fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FL-PDA NPs), which could be used as a fluorescence signal. The probe ssDNA could be adsorbed on the surface of MnO 2 NSs through π-π stacking, and the active site would be masked, causing a lower fluorescence. After the targets were recognized by probe ssDNA to form dsDNA, its affinity for MnO 2 NSs decreased and the active site recovered, causing a restored fluorescence. It was verified that Mn ions, •OH radicals and electron transfer were the important factors in the catalytic oxidation of DA. Under the optimal experimental conditions, this biosensor exhibited a detection limit of 380 pM and a linear range of 25-125 nM, providing reliable readout in a short time (45 min). This sensor exhibited outstanding specificity, stability and reproducibility. In addition, this sensor was applied to the detection of ctDNA in serum samples and cell lysates. It is demonstrated that FL-PDA NPs can be used as a fluorescence signal for easy, rapid and label-free detection of ctDNA without any other amplification strategies, and the proposed strategy has great potential for biomarker detection in the field of liquid biopsy.

Tonsillar tuberculosis is the infectious localization of Koch's bacillus in the palatine tonsils. It is rare. Tonsillar tuberculosis associated with miliary tuberculosis is even more exceptional., Objective: The aim of our work is to report a rare case of tuberculous tonsillitis associated with miliary tuberculosis., Patient and Methods: This was a case of tonsillar tuberculosis associated with miliary tuberculosis. The main complaint was chronic odynophagia, which had been present for 7 months and was associated with weight loss. Questioning also revealed alcohol, tobacco and marijuana consumption., Results: Oropharyngoscopy revealed an enlarged, ulcerated and hemorrhagic right tonsil, suggesting a malignant lesion. Diagnostic tonsillectomy with anatomopathological examination of the surgical specimen led to the diagnosis of tonsillar tuberculosis. A postoperative chest X-ray revealed tuberculous miliaria. No other tuberculosis site was identified. No other confirmatory biological tests were carried out. The patient was treated with 4 anti-tuberculosis drugs (rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol) during 2 months and 2 anti-tuberculosis drugs (Rifampicin, Isoniazid) during 4 months. The evolution was favorable and the patient was declared cured at the end of treatment. There was no recurrence after 5 years., Conclusion: Tonsillar tuberculosis is rare. Tonsillar tuberculosis associated with pulmonary miliaria is even more exceptional. Tonsil biopsy for anatomopathological examination is sufficient for diagnosis. A chest X-ray should be requested as part of the preoperative workup prior to any tonsillar biopsy or tonsillectomy. GeneXpert (MTB/RIF) should be carried out if possible, not only for its value in the biological confirmation of tuberculosis but also to identify rifampicin resistance. Antibacillary treatment often leads to a favorable outcome., (Copyright © 2023 SFMTSI.)

In this study, a new enzyme-free glucose sensor was constructed using the transition metal-based composite material. The synthesis of ZIF-67 entailed the addition of NiO with high catalytic performance. Two-dimensional NiO/Co 3 O 4 @C heterojunctions were obtained via pyrolysis of NiO@ZIF-67 in the air at a temperature of 500 ℃. The enzyme-free glucose sensor Nafion/NiO/Co 3 O 4 @C/GCE was constructed by modifying NiO/Co 3 O 4 @C on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The performance of the modified electrode was tested via cyclic voltammetry (CV) and a time-current curve (i-t curve). The linear ranges of the modified electrode were 5 -1000 μM and 1.0- 4.0 mM with sensitivities of 690 and 215.4 μA mM -1  cm -2 , respectively. The detection limit was 2.28 μΜ (S/N = 3). The recoveries were in the range of 98.9-99.7% during the detection of real samples. The prepared sensor Nafion/NiO/Co 3 O 4 @C/GCE showed excellent electrocatalytic properties with superb reproducibility, stability and anti-interference capability. The sensor has been successfully utilized to determine glucose in real serum samples., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry.)

An ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor was designed for the rapid label-free detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA, EGFR 19 Dels for non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC). We linked the highly conjugated tricatecholate, 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP) with Ni(II) ions into the two-dimensional porous conductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which is termed Ni-catecholates (Ni-CAT). Then, the AuNPs/Ni-catecholates/carbon black/polarized pencil graphite electrode (AuNPs/Ni-CAT/CB/PPGE) was obtained by electrodeposition of AuNPs on the surface of PPGE modified with Ni-CAT/CB composite materials. The AuNPs/Ni-CAT/CB/PPGE were used for label-less detection of ctDNA, with a total detection time of only 30 min. Under optimal detection conditions, the AuNPs/Ni-CAT/CB/PPGE sensor exhibited excellent detection performance with good linear response to ctDNA over a wide concentration range and the detection limit down to the femtomolar level. The sensor was applied to the determination of ctDNA in serum samples with high sensitivity. This simple, efficient, and expeditious method has practical value in liquid biopsy of ctDNA and has potential for development in early detection, treatment, and prognosis of tumors. Herein, an ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor was designed for the rapid label-free detection of ctDNA (EGFR 19 Dels for non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC). We linked the highly conjugated tricatecholate, 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP) with Ni(II) ions into the two-dimensional porous conductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which is termed as Ni-catecholates (Ni-CAT). Then, the AuNPs/Ni-catecholates/carbon black/polarized pencil graphite electrode (AuNPs/Ni-CAT/CB/PPGE) was obtained by electrodeposition of AuNPs on the surface of PPGE modified with Ni-CAT/CB composite materials. The AuNPs/Ni-CAT/CB/PPGEs were used for label-less detection of ctDNA, with a total detection time of only 30 min. Under optimal detection conditions, the AuNPs/Ni-CAT/CB/PPGE sensor exhibited excellent detection performance with good linear response to ctDNA in the concentration range of 1 × 10 -15  M to 1 × 10 -6  M and with a detection limit as low as 0.32 fM. The sensor was applied for determination of ctDNA in serum samples and gave high sensitivity. This simple, efficient and expeditious method has practical value in liquid biopsy of ctDNA and has potential for development in early detection, treatment and prognosis of tumors., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.)

In this work, a nitrogen-doped carbon dots (CDs) was successfully synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis of polyethylenimine (PEI) and citric acid. The as-prepared CDs suffered from aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) with a high concentration, but after adding adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the CDs aggregated. The generation of aggregates caused the rotation of the surface groups on CDs and reduced the non-radiation decay. The QY of CDs in water was 9.25 %, and increased to 16.60 % and 63.38% in the addition of 100 and 1000 μM ATP. And then, the enhancement of the radiation rate led to the aggregation induced enhancement effect (AIEE). Moreover, we also found that the proportion of precursors for CDs synthesis was a key factor in the occurrence of AIEE. Therefore, such CDs would be excellent candidates as fluorescent probes for the label-free detection of ATP. Our proposed method exhibited simple and easy preparation of nanoprobe, quick response (3 min), wide range of linear rage (1-2000 μM) and eco-friendly. In addition, the method performed successfully as a "turn-on" sensor for detection of ATP in the tablet with a recovery of 100.1~106.9% and RSD below 3.5%., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Many studies have reported that microRNAs (miRs) are involved in the regulation of doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity. MiR-194-5p has been reported significantly upregulated in patients with myocardial infarction; however, its role in myocardial diseases is still unclear. Various stimuluses can trigger the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and it may activate the apoptosis signals eventually. This study aims to explore the regulatory role of miR-194-5p in DOX-induced ER stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis., Methods: H9c2 was treated with 2 μM DOX to induce apoptosis, which is to stimulate the DOX-induced cardiotoxicity model. The expression of miR-194-5p was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR); the interaction between miR-194-5p and P21-activated kinase 2 (PAK2) was tested by dual luciferase reporter assay; terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay and caspase-3/7 activity were used to assess apoptosis; trypan blue staining was applied to measure cell death; Western blotting was performed to detect protein expressions; and ER-related factors splicing X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) was detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunofluorescence to verify the activation of ER stress., Results: MiR-194-5p was upregulated in cardiomyocytes and mouse heart tissue with DOX treatment, while the protein level of PAK2 was downregulated. PAK2 was predicted as the target of miR-194-5p; hence, dual luciferase reporter assay indicated that miR-194-5p directly interacted with PAK2 and inhibited its expression. TUNEL assay, caspase-3/7 activity test, and trypan blue stain results showed that either inhibition of miR-194-5p or overexpression of PAK2 reduced DOX-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Silencing of miR-194-5p also improved DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction. In addition, DOX could induce ER stress in H9c2, which led to XBP1 and caspase-12 activation. The expression level of XBP1s with DOX treatment increased first then decreased. Overexpression of XBP1s suppressed DOX-induced caspase-3/7 activity elevation as well as the expression of cleaved caspase-12, which protected cardiomyocyte from apoptosis. Additionally, the activation of XBP1s was regulated by miR-194-5p and PAK2., Conclusion: Our findings revealed that silencing miR-194-5p could alleviate DOX-induced cardiotoxicity via PAK2 and XBP1s in vitro and in vivo . Thus, the novel miR-194-5p/PAK2/XBP1s axis might be the potential prevention/treatment targets for cancer patients receiving DOX treatment., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Fa, Xiao, Chang, Ding, Yang, Wang, Wang and Wang.)

We conducted a study in Japan using terror management theory ( N  = 115) to examine these predictions: first, personal morality salience (MS) would increase antagonism against worldview-threatening others; second, priming to reinforce collective identity would be more effective to strengthen participants' sense of security and thus lower antagonism toward an in-group critic under personal MS than collective MS. The results revealed a significant interaction between MS types and identity priming. Participants were most tolerant toward worldview-threatening others upon awareness of a crisis threatening the group providing them collective identity. These findings provide insight into understanding individual behaviors during social unrest.

Benefiting from the noble metal nanoparticle core and organic porous nanoshell, plasmonic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) become a nanostructure with great enhancement of the electromagnetic field and a high density of reaction sites, which has fantastic optical properties in surface plasmon-related fields. In this work, the plasmon-driven interfacial catalytic reactions involving p -aminothiophenol to 4,4'-dimercaptoazobenzene ( trans -DMAB) in both the liquid and gaseous phases are studied in plasmonic MOF nanoparticles, which consist of a Ag nanoparticle core and an organic shell (ZIF-8). The surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) spectra recorded at the plasmonic MOF in an aqueous environment demonstrate that the reversible plasmon-driven interfacial catalytic reactions could be modulated by a reductant (NaBH 4 ) or oxidant (H 2 O 2 ). Also, the situ SERS spectra also point out that plasmonic MOF (AgNP@ZIF-8) nanoparticles exhibit much better catalytic performance in the H 2 O 2 solution compared to pure Ag nanoparticles for the anti-oxidation caused by the MOF shell. It is surprising that although there is greater SERS enhancement obtained at pure Ag nanoparticles, the plasmon-driven interfacial catalytic reactions only occur at plasmonic AgNP@ZIF-8 nanoparticles in the gaseous phase. This interesting phenomenon is further confirmed and analyzed by simulated electromagnetic field distributions, which could be understood by the effective capture of gaseous molecules by the organic porous nanoshell. Our work not only explores the plasmonic MOF nanoparticles with unique optical properties but also strengthens the understanding of plasmon-driven interfacial catalytic reactions.

In this work, we designed and synthesized a nanocomposite comprising an amine-functionalized metal organic framework (UiO-66-NH 2 ), a multiwalled carbon nanotube@reduced graphene oxide nanoribbon (MWCNT@rGONR) and a covalent organic framework (COF) synthesized using melamine and cyanuric acidmonomers via polycondensation (represented by MCA). The UiO-66-NH 2 /MCA/MWCNT@rGONR nanocomposite was used as a sensitive platform for an electrochemical aptasensor to detect kanamycin (kana). Owing to the rich chemical functionality, amino-rich structure and excellent electrochemical activity, the cDNA strands with terminal amino groups can not only anchor over the UiO-66-NH 2 /MCA/MWCNT@rGONR surface but also penetrate into the interior of porous UiO-66-NH 2 /MCA/MWCNT@rGONR networks. The characterization of the UiO-66-NH 2 /MCA/MWCNT@rGONR nanocomposite was performed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) were employed for the electrochemical performance study of this biosensor. The results indicated that the UiO-66-NH 2 /MCA/MWCNT@rGONR nanocomposite exhibited high bioaffinity toward the aptamer and the lowest limit of detection at 13 nM (S/N = 3) within a linearity of the kana concentration of 25-900 nM. In addition, it possessed great repeatability, stability and selectivity and obtained satisfactory recovery results in the real analysis of fish meat and milk, indicating the great potential for analytical measurements in food safety.

Cancer is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite major improvements in current therapeutic methods, ideal therapeutic strategies for improved tumor elimination are still lacking. Recently, immunotherapy has attracted much attention, and many immune-active agents have been approved for clinical use alone or in combination with other cancer drugs. However, some patients have a poor response to these agents. New agents and strategies are needed to overcome such deficiencies. Phosphatidylserine (PS) is an essential component of bilayer cell membranes and is normally present in the inner leaflet. In the physiological state, PS exposure on the external leaflet not only acts as an engulfment signal for phagocytosis in apoptotic cells but also participates in blood coagulation, myoblast fusion and immune regulation in nonapoptotic cells. In the tumor microenvironment, PS exposure is significantly increased on the surface of tumor cells or tumor cell-derived microvesicles, which have innate immunosuppressive properties and facilitate tumor growth and metastasis. To date, agents targeting PS have been developed, some of which are under investigation in clinical trials as combination drugs for various cancers. However, controversial results are emerging in laboratory research as well as in clinical trials, and the efficiency of PS-targeting agents remains uncertain. In this review, we summarize recent progress in our understanding of the physiological and pathological roles of PS, with a focus on immune suppressive features. In addition, we discuss current drug developments that are based on PS-targeting strategies in both experimental and clinical studies. We hope to provide a future research direction for the development of new agents for cancer therapy., Competing Interests: Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists., (© The author(s).)