Search

A universal scheme for the treatment of water containing different concentrations of organic compounds is described. The treatment is based on the principle of the water saturation with an active oxidant followed by aerobic purification in units with microflora fixed on active carbon. Active chlorine forming during the electrochemical treatment provides the water disinfection and plays the role of a source of the formation of monatomic and molecular oxygen during the dechlorination.

The physico-chemical characteristics of type MAU active carbon manufactured with the use of the mycelial waste of tetracycline production and carbon residue are presented. Granulated active carbon MAU-5 was tested under laboratory conditions at the stage of the treatment of the antibiotic production waste. For the manufacture of the granulated active carbon the mycelial waste with the moisture content of 8 per cent and the carbon residue of weared tyres were used. The same as active carbon BAU it is useful in the sorption treatment of sewage.

A technological process for production of a sorbent based on the mycelial waste of penicillin manufacture was developed. The process and its parameters are described. The exploitation conditions determine whether a strong sorbent with low sorption properties or a sorbent with higher sorption properties and lower granule strength is prepared.

A technological process for oxybiosorption of sewage was developed. The process and a self-contained unit using it are described.

The conception of oxybiosorption treatment of sewage in antibiotic production is discussed. The conception is based on the data obtained and published by the authors earlier. The main principles of the process substantiation are the generation of active oxygen during the catalytic sorption in the sewage treatment and the formation of active oxygen metabolites (AOM) in the biological systems. Interaction of the AOMs with the organic contaminants in aerobic biological systems provides intensive submerged treatment of the sewage.

The results of the study on the treatment of sewage containing high concentrations of hardly oxidizable organic compounds are presented. The procedure for the sewage treatment is highly efficient because of interaction of the resultant active oxygen with both the pollutants and the microorganisms providing the sewage treatment.

A technological process is described for the submerged biological treatment of household and industrial sewage and in particular pharmaceutical industry and pooled sewage. The submerged biological treatment of the sewage to the maximum permissible concentrations adopted for the water in fish farming is achieved by the use of submerged and immobilized microorganisms in a multistage process under anaerobic and aerobic conditions and the use of chemically active and inert materials as carriers of the microorganisms inducing certain biological processes. The data on the ecological estimation of the treated sewage by the stages of the technological process are presented.

The data on the studies performed in laboratory and pilot plant units (oxybiosorbers) on purification of sewage from antibiotic production are presented. The main technological parameters of the process were defined: the duration of the purification was 60 to 90 minutes, the unit had sections (the modulus column reactor was composed of 3 sections), the total dose of the oxidizing agent was divided to the number of the sections and supplied to each section. The oxybiosorbers were used for conducting processes of the contaminant catalytic oxidation i.e. sorption, biosorption and biooxidation requiring low rates. The process of purification in the oxybiosorbers was intensified by periodical purification of the charges (catalyst, sorbent and activated charcoal).

An approach to investigation of multicomponent systems such as plants designed for biophysicochemical purification of liquid sewage including diverse interconnected technological apparatus operating under routine conditions is described. A system analysis applied to a simplified technological scheme for collecting treated liquid sewage was used.

Studies were conducted on estimation of the toxicity levels in various oxygen-containing chlorine compounds formed during electrochemical treatment of sewage by using a culture isolated from activated sludge purifying antibiotic production waste. It was shown that the products formed during electrocatalytic treatment of solutions (concentration of NaCl 1.5-5 g/l, pH 2.0-12.0, volumetric current density up to 10 A/l) were not toxic and stimulated the growth of P. fluorescens.

An approach to intensification of biological treatment of industrial sewage containing liquid wastes of endocrine drug production is described. The most contaminated effluent of rectification columns is isolated from the general plant discharge and subjected to local treatment. The advisability and level of the local treatment in electrochemical sewage treatment were studied under laboratory conditions. At the current density of 220 A/m2, the process time of 10 min at pH 6.0 and the ratio of the local effluent to the general plant discharge of 1:30 the level of the sewage treatment was the following: 45-50 per cent by the chemical demand of oxygen and 50-60 per cent by the biological demand of oxygen in 5 days. The residual content of active chlorine did not exceed 14 mg/l. It was shown experimentally that during the sewage treatment there formed no compounds toxic for the activated sludge microorganisms.

The results of the study on intensive treatment of sewage are presented and the general approach to it is proposed. Formation of oxygen active forms in biological systems, their generation during physico-chemical treatment under definite conditions and interaction with organic substances provide higher purity levels in treatment of sewage.

Data on laboratory studies with real liquid sewage from antibiotic manufacture are presented. Two schemes are discussed: treatment of the sewage in an electrolysis plant followed by its afterpurification either in a column with pyrolusite or during a joint process of electrochemical purification with catalyst location on the plant bottom under the electrodes. The afterpurification of electrochemically treated liquid sewage on waste pyrolusite can provide and additional effect i.e. lower consumption of oxygen and decoloration at average by 15 and 25 per cent respectively.