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The purpose of this research was to analyze the morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based electrospun mats reinforced with cellulose acetate (CA) or cellulose nanocrystalline (CNC) for potential applications in wound dressings. Bead-free and water-stable electrospun nanofibers made of blends of PVA and CA or CNC were successfully produced and crosslinked with glutaraldehyde vapor. Crosslinking slightly increased the nanofibers’ diameters in order of 43 and 13% for 80/20 PVA/CA and PVA/CNC electrospun mats, respectively, while maintaining their bead-free morphology. Thermogravimetry (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) evaluations were employed to determine the miscibility and the thermal response of the uncrosslinked and crosslinked mats, reporting a reduction in mass loss upon addition of CA and CNC and upon crosslinking process. Polymers’ powder and mats (before and after crosslinking) crystallinity was assessed by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Crosslinked mats experienced a slight reduction in crystallinity compared to the uncrosslinked. Static and dynamic tensile strength tests revealed that CA and CNC doped mats enhanced the Young's modulus and lowered deformation at failure compared to pristine PVA electrospun mats. Data from storage modulus (E’) demonstrated the strength of the physical interactions formed between PVA and the cellulosic derivatives (either before and after crosslinking), highlighting the stiffness of CA (231.58 MPa for the 80/20 mat) and, particularly, CNC (742.04 MPa for the 80/20 mat). This research uncovered important information concerning the chemical and physical relation between polymeric matrices and additives, essential for the proper selection of materials for wound dressings production., Authors acknowledge the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), FEDER funds by means of Portugal 2020 Competitive Factors Operational Program (POCI) and the Portuguese Government (OE) for funding the project with reference PTDC/CTM-TEX/28074/2017 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028074). Authors also acknowledge project UIDP/00264/2020 of Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES. M.A.T., D.P.F and H.P.F. also acknowledge FCT for PhD scholarship (SFRH/BD/148930/2019) and junior (CEECIND/02803/2017) and auxiliary researcher (2021.02720.CEECIND) contracts, respectively.

Supporting Information available at: https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1002%2Fcssc.202202374&file=cssc202202374-sup-0001-misc_information.pdf, Aiming to reduce the toxicity and operational costs often associated to chemical processes, the enzymatic synthesis is applied herein as a sustainable route for producing polyesters. The use of NADES components as a source of monomers for the synthesis of polymers through lipase-catalysed esterification in an anhydrous medium is detailed for the first time. Three NADES composed by glycerol and an organic base, or acid, were used to produce polyesters, through polymerization reactions catalysed by Aspergillus oryzae lipase. High polyester conversion rates (above 70 \%), containing at least 20 monomeric units (glycerol: organic acid/base (1:1)), were observed by MALDI-TOF analysis. The NADES monomers' capacity for polymerization, along with their non-toxicity, cheap cost, and simplicity of production, sets up these solvents as a greener and cleaner approach for the synthesis of high value-added products., This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit. David S. Freitas also thanks to FCT for funding (SFRH/BD/147190/2019)., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This study identified the marketing strategies in social media used by retail meat stores in the municipality of Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil. Data was collected through posts available on social media and on websites of 18 stores in November 2018, each social media was analyzed on the same day to avoid bias of new followers or posts. In this analysis, 38 descriptor variables were identified, coded, and grouped by Cluster Analysis. The variables were compared in a one-way PERMANOVA with Bonferroni correction. To our knowledge, none other research analyzes the virtual strategies of this traditional sector and offers pointers for beef stores to survive on social media. To understand this adaptation is even more relevant considering the reality of Covid-19 pandemic, and we highly suggest future studies to analyze this scenario to understand the changes in marketing and in consumer’s responses. The analysis of clusters identified three types of meat stores: traditional; dynamic and UpToDate; and a group with diffuse strategies, with different marketing strategies on social media. The most advertised variables were associated with product characteristics, such as quality, sensorial aspects, and beef cut. On the other hand, intangible aspects such as environmental concerns, certifications, where barely mentioned. Este estudio identificó las estrategias de marketing en las redes sociales utilizadas por los establecimientos minoristas de carne en la ciudad de Porto Alegre, sur de Brasil. Los datos se recopilaron a través de publicaciones disponibles en redes sociales y en sitios web de 18 tiendas en el período de noviembre de 2018, cada red social fue analizada el mismo día para evitar sesgos de nuevos seguidores o publicaciones. En este análisis se identificaron, codificaron y agruparon 38 variables descriptoras por análisis de conglomerados. Las variables se compararon en un one-way PERMANOVA con corrección de Bonferroni. Hasta donde sabemos, ninguna otra investigación analiza las estrategias virtuales de este sector tradicional y ofrece indicaciones para que las tiendas de carne sobrevivan en las redes sociales. Comprender esta adaptación es aún más relevante considerando la realidad de la pandemia de COVID-19, y sugerimos estudios futuros para analizar este escenario para comprender los cambios en el marketing y las respuestas de los consumidores. El análisis de conglomerados identificó tres tipos de tiendas de carne: tradicionales; dinámico y UpToDate; y un grupo con estrategias difusas, con diferentes estrategias de marketing en redes sociales. Las variables más difundidas estuvieron asociadas a características del producto, como calidad, aspectos sensoriales y corte de carne. Por otro lado, rara vez se mencionaron aspectos intangibles como las preocupaciones ambientales y las certificaciones. Este estudo identificou as estratégias de marketing nas mídias sociais utilizadas por estabelecimentos varejistas de carnes no município de Porto Alegre, sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados através de postagens disponibilizadas nas redes sociais e em sites de 18 lojas no período de novembro de 2018, cada rede social foi analisada no mesmo dia para evitar viés de novos seguidores ou postagens. Nesta análise, 38 variáveis descritoras foram identificadas, codificadas e agrupadas pela análise de cluster. As variáveis foram comparadas em uma one-way PERMANOVA com correção de Bonferroni. Até onde sabemos, nenhuma outra pesquisa analisa as estratégias virtuais desse tradicional setor e oferece indicações para que as lojas de carne bovina sobrevivam nas redes sociais. Entender essa adaptação é ainda mais relevante considerando a realidade da pandemia de COVID-19, e sugerimos estudos futuros para analisar esse cenário para entender as mudanças no marketing e nas respostas do consumidor. A análise dos clusters identificou três tipos de lojas de carne: tradicionais; dinâmico e UpToDate; e um grupo com estratégias difusas, com diferentes estratégias de marketing nas redes sociais. As variáveis mais divulgadas foram associadas às características do produto, como qualidade, aspectos sensoriais e corte da carne bovina. Por outro lado, aspectos intangíveis como preocupações ambientais, certificações, foram pouco mencionados.

The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c01422., Quercus suber cork generates bioactive components, such as phenolic acids, terpenoids, and tannins, with excellent biological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiaging activities. Aiming to design environmentally benign processes to eliminate, or reduce, the use of toxic chemicals, we propose the green extraction of bioactives from cork using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). Several deep eutectic mixtures were developed, through the mixture of natural compounds, namely, lactic acid, glycerol, ethylene glycol, sodium citrate, and sodium lactate, chosen according to their origin, toxicity, biocompatibility, polarity, and pH. The results revealed higher extraction yields when using NADES instead of harsh solvents like dioxane, with the extraction process governed by several physical--chemical parameters, including pH, polarity, viscosity, and density, and also by the method of extraction. Acidic NADES composed of lactic acid and glycerol, or sodium citrate, extracted a greater amount of aromatic compounds, terpenoids, and fatty acids and their derivatives. More basic eutectic mixtures, composed of sodium lactate and a polyol (ethylene glycol or glycerol), extracted predominantly low molecular weight polar compounds. The extracts range encompassed by the developed NADES, together with the associated nontoxicity, low price, and ease of preparation, establish these solvents as a green approach to extract high added-value compounds from cork., This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit. David S. Freitas also thanks FCT for funding (SFRH/BD/147190/2019)., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The present disclosure relates to the development of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) using natural products, like sugars, organic bases and organic acids, as starting compounds. These solvents can be used for the extraction of bioactive compounds from natural sources, such as cork; agricultural wastes, including grape seed and peels; tomato; olive oil; and plants (teas, eucalyptus, lavender, or others), and from fish skin and bones. The extractives could then be further formulated with active topical cosmetic components to prepare cosmetic compositions., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Tanned leather can be attacked by microorganisms. To ensure resistance to bacteria on leather surfaces, protection solutions need to be developed, addressing both environmental issues and economic viability. In this work, chitosan nano/microparticles (CNP) and chitosan/silver nano/microstructures (CSNP), containing silver nanoparticles around 17 nm size, were incorporated into leather, obtained from the industrial process. Low loads of chitosan-based nano/microformulations, 0.1% mass ratio, resulted in total bacteria reduction (100%) after 2 h towards Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, both with CNP and CSNP coatings. Otherwise, comparable tests with the Gram-negative bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, showed no significant improvement under the coating acidic conditions. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by standard test methods: (1) inhibition halo and (2) dynamic contact conditions. The developed protection of leather either with CNP or CSNP is much higher than the one obtained with a simple chitosan solution., This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020, UIDB/04650/2020, UIDB/00686/2020 units, TecMinho-Interface University-Society, and NBS Curtumes, Lda., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Introduction: The prolonged use of proton pump inhibitors has become common and has been widely applied in the treatment of these various gastrointestinal diseases and studies have shown a possible relationship between the use of these drugs and histopathological changes in the gastric region. Objective: To understand the possible relationship between the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and gastric disorders. Methodology: For this, the descriptors in the Bireme, Pubmed, Scielo databases were applied, considering the studies of the last 16 years. Expected results: The studies are expected to answer our questions and serve as a basis for further studies to be carried out. Conclusion: About the possible relationship between the use of proton pump inhibitors and cancer, it is important to emphasize that, with continuous use and in long-term therapy, this class of drug triggered hypergastrinemia in a large majority of patients and a high incidence of ECL cell hyperplasia. Regarding its association with H. pylori, positive patients who had been treated with PPIs for a long period had an increased risk of body atrophy compared to patients who were negative for Hp. Finally, there was no evidence of the association of PPIs with the induction or elevation of those rich in cancer. Introducción. El uso prolongado de inhibidores de la bomba de protones se ha vuelto común y se ha aplicado ampliamente en el tratamiento de estas diversas enfermedades gastrointestinales y los estudios han demostrado una posible relación entre el uso de estos fármacos y los cambios histopatológicos en la región gástrica. Objetivo: Comprender la posible relación entre el uso de inhibidores de la bomba de protones (IBP) y los trastornos gástricos. Metodología: Para ello se aplicaron los descriptores de las bases de datos Bireme, Pubmed, Scielo, considerando los estudios de los últimos 16 años. Resultados esperados: Se espera que los estudios respondan a nuestras preguntas y sirvan de base para que se lleven a cabo más estudios. Conclusión: Sobre la posible relación entre el uso de inhibidores de la bomba de protones y el cáncer, es importante enfatizar que, con el uso continuo y en terapia a largo plazo, esta clase de fármaco desencadenó hipergastrinemia en una gran mayoría de pacientes y una alta incidencia de Hiperplasia de células ECL. En cuanto a su asociación con H. pylori, los pacientes positivos que habían sido tratados con IBP durante un período prolongado tenían un mayor riesgo de atrofia corporal en comparación con los pacientes negativos para Hp. Finalmente, no hubo evidencia de la asociación de los IBP con la inducción o elevación de los ricos en cáncer. Introdução: O uso prolongado de inibidores de bomba de prótons tem se tornado comum e tido uma ampla aplicação no tratamento dessas diversas doenças gastrointestinais e estudos vêm mostrando a possível relação entre o uso dessas drogas e alterações histopatológicas na região gástrica. Objetivo: Compreender a possível relação entre uso de inibidores de bomba de prótons (IBP’s) e alterações gástricas. Metodologia: Para isso aplicou-se os descritores nas bases de dados Bireme, Pubmed, Scielo considerando-se os estudos dos últimos 16 anos. Resultados esperados: Espera-se que os estudos respondam nossos questionamentos e sirva de base para que outros estudos sejam realizados. Conclusão: Sobre a possível relação entre o uso de inibidores de bomba de prótons e neoplasias é importante ressaltar que sendo feito uso contínuo e em terapia de longo prazo, essa classe de medicamento desencadeou uma hipergastrinemia em uma grande maioria dos pacientes e uma elevada incidência de hiperplasia de células ECL. Em relação a sua associação com o H. pylori, pacientes positivados que fizeram tratamento com IBPs por um longo período, apresentaram um aumento no risco de atrofia do corpo comparado com os pacientes que negativaram para Hp. Por fim, não houve comprovação da associação dos IBPs com a indução ou elevação dos ricos para neoplasias.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, degenerative, autoimmune disease that generates inflammation in brain and spinal cord regions. The disease can affect any region of the central nervous system, with a variety of symptoms. Its causes are multifactorial, being related to genetic, behavioral, environmental, and immunological components mediated by vitamin D biochemistry. Vitamin D has a function in immune mediation in the anti-inflammatory process, in what concerns reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines and potentiating the anti-inflammatory ones in the process of six months supplementation. Objective: To analyze the advantages of the use of vitamin D in patients with multiple sclerosis. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review. A bibliographic search of articles in the PubMed, SciELO and Medline databases was carried out from 2010 to 2020, using the descriptors: "Vitamin D", "Multiple Sclerosis" and "Immune System". Inclusion criteria included articles in English and Portuguese limited to a period of 10 years, available in full. Theses, theoretical reviews, book chapters and duplicate articles were excluded. Results: A total of nine studies were analyzed in this review. It was found in the literature, that vitamin D plays an important role in the rehabilitation process of patients with multiple sclerosis, highlighting its action in the inhibition of inflammatory mediators after the influence of continuous supplementation with vitamin D. Conclusion: Therefore, that the use of Vitamin D shows good results in the treatment and recovery of multiple sclerosis disease sufferers. However, more detailed studies are needed regarding doses and possible deleterious effects. Introducción: La esclerosis múltiple (EM) es una enfermedad autoinmune, crónica y degenerativa que genera inflamación en regiones del cerebro y la médula espinal. La enfermedad puede afectar a cualquier región del sistema nervioso central con diversos síntomas. Sus causas son multifactoriales, relacionadas con componentes genéticos, conductuales, ambientales e inmunológicos mediados por la bioquímica de la vitamina D. La vitamina D tiene una función en la mediación inmunológica en el proceso antiinflamatorio, lo que permite reducir las tasas de citocinas inflamatorias y potenciar las antiinflamatorias en el proceso de suplementación de seis meses. Objetivo: Analizar las ventajas del uso de la vitamina D en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple. Metodología: Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura. Se realizó un estudio bibliográfico de artículos en las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed, SciELO y Medline, desde 2010 hasta 2020, utilizando los descriptores: "Vitamina D"; "Esclerosis múltiple" y "Sistema inmunológico". Los criterios de inclusión incluyeron artículos en inglés y portugués limitados a un período de 10 años, disponibles en su totalidad. Se excluyeron las tesis, las revisiones teóricas, los capítulos de libros y los artículos duplicados. Resultados: En esta revisión se analizaron un total de nueve estudios. Se ha comprobado en la literatura que la vitamina D desempeña un papel importante en el proceso de rehabilitación de los pacientes con esclerosis múltiple, destacando su acción en la inhibición de los mediadores inflamatorios tras la influencia del suplemento continuo de vitamina D. Conclusión: Por lo tanto, que el uso de la vitamina D muestra buenos resultados en el tratamiento y la recuperación de los portadores de la enfermedad de la esclerosis múltiple. Por lo tanto, es necesario realizar estudios más detallados en relación con las dosis y los posibles efectos de la eliminación. Introdução: A esclerose múltipla (EM) é uma doença autoimune, crônica e degenerativa no qual gera inflamações em regiões cerebrais e da medula espinhal. A doença pode acometer qualquer região do sistema nervoso central cursando com sintomas variados. Suas causas são multifatoriais, relacionando-se com componente genético, comportamentais, ambientais e imunológicos mediados pela bioquímica da vitamina D. A vitamina D possui função na mediação imunológica no processo anti-inflamatório, no que tange reduzir os níveis de citocinas inflamatórias e potencializar as anti-inflamatórias no processo de suplementação de seis meses. Objetivo: Analisar as vantagens do uso de vitamina D em pacientes com esclerose múltipla. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Realizou-se levantamento bibliográfico de artigos nas bases de dados: PubMed, SciELO e Medline, no período de 2010 a 2020, com o uso dos descritores: “Vitamina D”; “Esclerose Múltipla” e "Sistema Imune’’. Os critérios de inclusão abrangeram artigos em língua inglesa e portuguesa limitados ao período de 10 anos, disponíveis na íntegra. Excluíram-se teses, revisões teóricas, capítulos de livros e artigos duplicados. Resultados: No total, nove estudos foram analisados na presente revisão. Verificou-se na literatura, que a vitamina D desempenha um papel importante no processo de reabilitação dos pacientes com esclerose múltipla, destacando sua ação na inibição dos mediadores inflamatórios após influência da suplementação continua com vitamina D. Conclusão: Portanto, que o uso de Vitamina D mostra bons resultados no tratamento e recuperação dos portadores da doença esclerose múltipla. No entanto, é necessário realizar estudos mais detalhados em relação às doses e possíveis efeitos deletérios.

Introduction: With the creation of the Sistema Único de Saúde (Unified Health System) - SUS, through Primary Health Care (PHC), the population has access to a multidisciplinary health environment, capable of meeting the most varied demands, especially with regard to Diseases Non-Communicable Chronicles (DCNT). In this context, complications arising from the diabetic foot need special attention, as they still have a high incidence and its complications significantly affect the lives of patients. Objectives: To analyze the impact of actions taken to care for patients with diabetic foot by the PHC, emphasizing the importance of training health professionals. Methodology: This is an integrative review with a qualitative approach, using the databases BVS, SciELO and MEDLINE, using the descriptors “health professionals”; “health education”, “diabetic foot” and “primary care”. Among the inclusion criteria are scientific articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish published between the years 2010 to 2021, as an exclusion criterion we had duplicate articles that were unable to answer the problem and objectives of the theme. 58 articles were found, and in the end 8 articles were analyzed. Final Considerations: After carrying out this study, we concluded that the development of activities that encompass health education aimed at health professionals in PHC has positive impacts on the prevention and management of patients with diabetic foot. However, there are many barriers that hinder this process, requiring greater human, financial and technological investments in this area. Introducción: Con la creación del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS), a través de la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS), la población accede a un entorno de salud multidisciplinario, capaz de atender las más variadas demandas, especialmente en lo que se refiere a Enfermedades Crónicas No Transmisibles (DCNT). En este contexto, las complicaciones derivadas del pie diabético requieren una atención especial, ya que aún tienen una alta incidencia y sus complicaciones afectan significativamente la vida de los pacientes. Objetivos: Analizar el impacto de las acciones realizadas por la APS en la atención al paciente con pie diabético, destacando la importancia de la formación de los profesionales de la salud. Metodología: Se trata de una revisión integradora con enfoque cualitativo, utilizando las bases de datos BVS, SciELO y MEDLINE, utilizando los descriptores “profesionales de la salud”; “Educación para la salud”, “pie diabético” y “atención primaria”. Entre los criterios de inclusión se encuentran artículos científicos en portugués, inglés y español publicados entre los años 2010 a 2021, como criterio de exclusión tuvimos artículos duplicados que no pudieron dar respuesta a la problemática y objetivos del tema. Se encontraron 58 artículos y al final se analizaron 8 artículos. Consideraciones finales: Tras la realización de este estudio, concluimos que el desarrollo de actividades que engloben la educación en salud dirigidas a los profesionales de la salud en la APS tiene impactos positivos en la prevención y manejo de los pacientes con pie diabético. Sin embargo, existen muchas barreras que dificultan este proceso, requiriendo mayores inversiones humanas, financieras y tecnológicas en esta área. Introdução: Com a criação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), por meio da Atenção Primária a Saúde (APS), a população tem acesso a um ambiente de saúde multidisciplinar, capaz de atender as mais variadas demandas, principalmente no que tange as Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNT). Nesse contexto, as complicações decorrentes do pé diabético necessitam de atenção especial, visto que ainda possuem alta incidência e suas complicações afetam de forma significativa a vida dos pacientes. Objetivos: Analisar o impacto das ações realizadas para atenção ao paciente com pé diabético pela APS, enfatizando a importância da capacitação dos profissionais de saúde. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de abordagem qualitativa, sendo utilizadas as bases de dados BVS, SciELO e MEDLINE, utilizando-se os descritores “profissionais da saúde”; “educação em saúde”, “pé diabético” e “atenção primária”. Dentre os critérios de inclusão, estão artigos científicos nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol publicados entre os anos de 2010 a 2021, como critério de exclusão tivemos artigos duplicados e que não conseguiam responder o problema e objetivos da temática. Foram encontrados 58 artigos, sendo que ao final foram analisados 8 artigos. Considerações Finais: Após a realização do presente trabalho, conclui-se que o desenvolvimento de atividades que englobam a educação em saúde voltada aos profissionais da saúde na APS apresenta impactos positivos na prevenção e manejo de pacientes com o pé diabético. No entanto, revelam-se muitas barreiras que dificultam esse processo, sendo necessário maiores investimentos humanos, financeiros e tecnológicos nessa área.

Introduction: Fibromyalgia is characterized by musculoskeletal manifestations of chronic, lasting, diffuse pain, with the presence of specific pain points and the absence of tissue inflammation. Its chronic aspect is closely related to mood changes, in a way that it establishes a bidirectional link with depression, based on the activation of brain neural patterns that increase the sensation of pain. Therefore, depression is one of the most prevalent psychiatric comorbidities of fibromyalgia, with a high prevalence rate. Objective: To analyze national and international scientific publications in the field of public health, aiming to understand the manifestations of depression symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia. Methodology: This is a systematic literature review using the following databases: SCIELO, LILACS, MEDLINE and PUBMED. The descriptors used for data collection were: Fibromyalgia; Depression; Chronic pain. The inclusion criteria were only articles that address the topic in question, full text, found in Portuguese, English and Spanish in the last 5 years. Results: According to the results obtained, patients who have fibromyalgia have a high rate of depression. The prevalence of depression in patients with fibromyalgia ranges from 50.5% to 80%. Conclusion: Given the complexity of depression assessment, more research is needed to verify more reliable results, as well as characteristics, the influence of non-physical factors on intensity and prevalence, and the best treatment that meets the needs of patients. Introducción. La fibromialgia se caracteriza por manifestaciones musculoesqueléticas de dolor crónico, duradero, difuso, con presencia de puntos específicos de dolor y ausencia de inflamación tisular. Su aspecto crónico está íntimamente relacionado con los cambios de humor, de forma que establece un vínculo bidireccional con la depresión, basado en la activación de patrones neuronales cerebrales que aumentan la sensación de dolor. Por tanto, la depresión es una de las comorbilidades psiquiátricas más prevalentes de la fibromialgia, con una alta tasa de prevalencia. Objetivo: Analizar publicaciones científicas nacionales e internacionales en el campo de la salud pública, con el objetivo de comprender las manifestaciones de los síntomas depresivos en pacientes con fibromialgia. Metodología: Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica sistemática utilizando las siguientes bases de datos: SCIELO, LILACS, MEDLINE y PUBMED. Los descriptores utilizados para la recolección de datos fueron: Fibromialgia; Depresión; Dolor crónico. Los criterios de inclusión fueron solo artículos que aborden el tema en cuestión, a texto completo, encontrados en portugués, inglés y español en los últimos 5 años. Resultados: De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, los pacientes que padecen fibromialgia presentan una alta tasa de depresión. La prevalencia de depresión en pacientes con fibromialgia oscila entre el 50,5% y el 80%. Conclusión: Dada la complejidad de la evaluación de la depresión, se necesita más investigación para verificar resultados más confiables, así como las características, la influencia de factores no físicos en la intensidad y prevalencia, y el mejor tratamiento que satisfaga las necesidades de los pacientes. Introdução: A fibromialgia configura-se por manifestações musculoesqueléticas de dor crônica, duradoura, difusa, com a presença de pontos específicos de dor e a ausência de inflamação tecidual. Seu aspecto crônico está intimamente relacionado às alterações de humor, de maneira que estabelece um vínculo bidirecional com a depressão, baseada na ativação de padrões neurais cerebrais que aumentam a sensação de dor. Portanto, a depressão é uma das comorbidades psiquiátricas mais predominante da fibromialgia, com alta taxa de prevalência. Objetivo: Analisar publicações científicas nacionais e internacionais no campo da saúde pública, visando a compreensão das manifestações dos sintomas da depressão nos pacientes com fibromialgia. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de literatura onde foram utilizadas as bases de dados: SCIELO, LILACS, MEDLINE e PUBMED. Os descritores utilizados para a coleta de dados foram: Fibromialgia; Depressão; Dor crônica. Os critérios de inclusão foram apenas artigos que abordem a temática em questão, texto completo, encontrados em idioma português, inglês e espanhol nos últimos 5 anos. Resultados: Conforme os resultados obtidos pacientes que possuem fibromialgia apresentam alto índice de depressão. A prevalência de depressão em pacientes com fibromialgia é de 50,5% a 80%. Conclusão: Dada a complexidade da avaliação da depressão, mais pesquisas são necessárias para verificar resultados mais confiáveis, como também as características, a influência de fatores não físicos na intensidade e prevalência e o melhor tratamento que atenda às necessidades de pacientes.

The integrated circuit shrinkage increases the probability and the number of errors in memories due to the increase in the sensitivity to radiation. Critical memory systems employ Error Correction Codes (ECC) to mitigate these failures. Nowadays, one-dimensional ECCs fail to achieve the effectiveness needed to address the increasing number of bit flips caused by a single radiation event. Consequently, n-dimensional ECCs have been proposed to provide higher error detection and correction power. These complex ECCs built for use in critical applications increase error correction and detection capacity but implying higher redundancy, area usage, energy consumption, and critical path delay. We focus on two-dimensional ECCs, also called product codes, designed to protect memories used in space applications. It is not yet clear how the structure of a two-dimensional code and its decoding algorithm influence the correction rate and its associated cost. Therefore, this thesis aims to develop three new approaches and new decoding techniques, always focusing on the maximum correction capability of this class of ECCs with the lowest possible cost of hardware implementation. The first proposal is the Product Code for Space Application (PCoSA), an ECC product based on Hamming and parity in both rows and columns for use in memory with space-application reliability requirements. The potentialities of PCoSA were evaluated by injecting (i) thirty-six predefined error patterns and (ii) all possible combinations of up to seven bitflips. This thesis also introduces the Optimized Product Code for Space Application (OPCoSA), an ECC that optimizes its original version PCoSA, reducing 16- redundancy bits and keeping high error correction capacity. This optimized ECC was evaluated through tests with 36 specific error patterns, burst errors, and exhaustive analysis. Additionally, synthesis results in hardware, reliability, and redundancy to four other ECCs dedicated to the space application were evaluated. The last proposal is Line Product Code (LPC), that uses a Single Error Correction Algorithm (AlgSE) followed by a Double Error Correction Algorithm (AlgDE). Both algorithms explore the LPC characteristics to attain greater decoding efficiency. AlgSE is implemented with an iterative technique associated with a correction heuristic, while AlgDE is an innovative proposal that allows increasing the effectiveness of correction through the inference of errors. AlgDE allows to increase the efficiency of the LPC decoder significantly when used together with AlgSE. All performances are supported by numerical experiments

This is the first synthetic report of (3S,4R)-dihydroxy-N-alkyl-l-homoprolines described so far. 2,4-O-Benzylidene-d-erythrose was obtained from d-glucose with an improved yield, and then transformed into the title (3S,4R)-dihydroxy-N-alkyl-l-homoprolines, in a two-step strategy, with excellent overall yields. Hydrogenolysis of the benzyl group led to the NH congener. The synthesis of final products from 1,4-lactone intermediates was studied by computational means either under acidic or basic conditions. The theoretical mechanism studies fully explain the experimental results: (a) an equilibrium between l-homoprolines and their bicyclic counterparts is established in acids; (b) the equilibrium suffers a complete displacement towards the l-homoproline side in a basic medium., We thank the NMR Portuguese network (PTNMR, Bruker Avance III 400-Univ. Minho), and FCT and FEDER (European Fund for Regional Development)-COMPETE-QREN-EU for financial support to CQ/UM. We also thank Search-ON2 for the revitalization of the HPC infrastructure of UMinho, (NORTE-07-0162-FEDER-000086), co-funded by the North Portugal Regional Operational Programme (ON.2-O Novo Norte), under the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF), through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the doctoral scholarship SFRH/BD/87292/2012.

Cette étude se base sur les travaux liés au modèle Implicit-Affect-Primes-Effort (IAPE, Gendolla, 2012). Son but est d'étendre les effets observés de l'affect implicite sur l'effort au domaine de la performance. Le modèle postule que les amorces affectives implicites, comme des mots émotionnels ou des visages émotionnels, activent des informations conceptuelles en mémoire qui module la difficulté subjective d'une tâche et par extension influence l'effort fourni par l'individu. Tout l'intérêt de cette étude porte sur l'influence de l'affect implicite sur la performance cognitive lors d'une tâche de mémoire. Ainsi, 39 étudiants en 1ère année de psychologie à l'Université de Genève ont effectué une tâche de type Sternberg (1966) qui varie en difficulté (facile vs difficile), tout en étant exposés à deux types d'amorces différentes (joie vs tristesse) entre chaque essai de la tâche expérimentale. Nos hypothèses étaient que lorsque les individus sont exposés aux amorces de visages de joie, alors ils auront des temps de réactions plus courts et des réponses plus précises que lorsqu'ils sont exposés aux amorces de visages tristes dans une condition difficile uniquement. Cette différence ne devrait pas s'observer dans une condition de tâche facile. Un effet du types d'amorces et un effet de la difficulté ont été relevés par l'analyse, malheureusement ces effets ne sont pas en interaction, ce qui ne va pas dans le sens de nos hypothèses. En revanche, l'étude a permis un apport supplémentaire concernant le modèle IAPE en l'étendant au domaine de la performance.