687 results on '"FREE indirect speech"'
Search Results
2. Misplaced Desire
- Author
-
Heydari, Mélanie and Heydari, Mélanie
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. "The voices I hear are not, or not only, in my head": Transmission through Sounds in Ian McEwan's Nutshell.
- Author
-
Béligon, Stéphanie
- Subjects
NARRATORS ,EMPATHY - Abstract
Copyright of Études de Stylistique Anglaise is the property of Societe de Stylistique Anglaise and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The use of free indirect discourse in J. R. Ward's Black Dagger Brotherhood series
- Author
-
Kendal, Evie
- Published
- 2019
5. IN IMMAGINI RAPPRESO. ROSSO MALPELO TRA NOVELLA E GRAPHIC-NOVEL.
- Author
-
Mazzola, Arianna
- Abstract
Copyright of Philological Review (00151807) is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Philology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Összehasonlító műfordítás-kritika: Anna Gavalda két regénye magyarul.
- Author
-
Tivadar, Palágyi and Péter, Barta
- Abstract
Copyright of Fordítástudomány is the property of Faculty of Humanities ELTE, Department of Translations & Interpreting and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. The brawn of the advocate: beginning a study of Thomas More's Declamation in response to Lucian's Tyrannicide.
- Author
-
Teti, Jordan D.
- Subjects
FREE indirect speech ,LAWYERS ,PRACTICAL politics - Abstract
The article focuses on Thomas More's "Declamation" an early work that highlights his view of a lawyer's role in politics and showcases the power of indirect speech.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Contemporary present-tense fiction: Crossing boundaries in narrative.
- Author
-
Ikeo, Reiko
- Subjects
- *
MODERN literature , *WRITTEN communication , *NARRATIVES - Abstract
The use of the present tense as the primary narrative tense has become a commonly encountered phenomenon in contemporary fiction. The textual effects of the use of the present narrative tense, however, have not yet been fully explored. This paper first reviews how the use of tenses contributes to constructing narrative worlds, focusing on three facets of narrative: the relationship between the narrator and the narrated, time frames within the narrative and characters' discourse embedded in narrative. Then, using corpus data which includes both present- and past-tense fiction, I will show that the boundaries and distinctions which are consistently taken for granted in past-tense narrative can be blurred, crossed within narratorial structures and partly expanded at a meta-textual level from written discourse to spoken discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Humorn i stadens mångstämmiga rum
- Author
-
Massimo Ciaravolo
- Subjects
Hjalmar Bergman ,Swedish novel ,Comic novel ,Polyphonic novel ,Humour ,Free indirect speech ,Language and Literature - Abstract
“Humour in the Polyphonic Town Space. A Reading of Hjalmar Bergman’s Novel The Markurells of Wadköping” The novelist as an accomplished artist is revealed, in Mikhail Bakhtin’s view, when the stamp of his/her voice and style is kept while interacting and intermingling with other voices and styles expressed in the novel, often taken from social, collective spaces such as the town. In addition, Bakhtin observes that a history of laughter can be read in the development of the novel as a genre. With its popular roots in carnival traditions, the novel takes place in streets and market squares, and creates an alternative social place which can overturn given social, political and economic hierarchies. Furthermore, the literary scholar Leo Spitzer shows how a novel’s narrator voice can borrow and mould the common voice of a whole community of speakers, as a sort of choir, for instance, in a village or a small town, through the use of free indirect speech (erlebte Rede). By following these stylistic clues, the article examines how comic, grotesque and fantastic effects are triggered in Hjalmar Bergman’s novel The Markurells of Wadköping, especially in case of ‘polyphonic’ scenes in which the small town participates as a unit, and as a receptive and collective conscience. When humour is in great style, it also contains a tragic dimension, as suggested by the philosopher Simon Critchley. Bergman’s humour is marked by pessimism, and the writer is ambivalent towards the apparently solid, bourgeois world prior to World War I which he comes from and depicts in his novel. The author feels close to this world and describes it with empathy, but at the same time he displays a critical distance as well as a need to part from it. The ‘polyphonic’ plurality of voices in this novel refers also to such an inner conflict. In the article, Hjalmar Bergman is considered as an interpreter of existential disharmony and shortcomings, but also as a writer who found in laughter a form of love for life despite everything.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Free indirect speech in Croatian oral folk tales
- Author
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Gordana Laco and Siniša Ninčević
- Subjects
free indirect speech ,croatian oral folk tales ,narrator (storyteller) ,narration (storytelling) ,stylistic features ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 ,Literature (General) ,PN1-6790 - Abstract
This paper considers free indirect speech (FIS) in Croatian oral folk tales (fairy tales, legends, oral tradition and fables). Oral folk tales (folklore) from all parts of Croatia, and that in all three Croatian dialects (the Shtokavian, the Chakavian, and the Kajkavian) have been analysed. Special attention is paid to first-hand accounts according to authentic tellings in recent times. The types of FIS that are commonly attributed to the linguo-stylistic characteristics of modern art prose have been con[1]sidered. Additionally, some techniques that also indicate SNG have been analysed, which has neither been noticed nor described in the hitherto Croatian philological literature. It is concluded that FIS is a linguo-stylistic device which affects the way of delivering (creating) a story, but it is also a feature which distinguishes one tale from another.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. From Nobody to Somebody: Romantic Epistemology in Jane Austen's Persuasion.
- Author
-
Bystydzieńska, Grażyna
- Subjects
BODY language ,THEORY of knowledge ,STORY plots ,EAVESDROPPING - Abstract
The aim of this article is to substantiate the thesis that together with the development of the plot of Persuasion, the cognitive power of the principal heroine expands, and she becomes a highly sensitive reader of human minds. This thesis is supported by references to the new 'Romantic' psychology, emphasizing the close links between the innate aspects of the mind and the body. Psychological insight demonstrates the fragmentation of Anne Elliot's mind, the role of the unconscious, and the division between the interior and the exterior. There is also analysis of the significance of Anne's frequent change of transitory lodgings, along with interpretation of the narrative strategy, especially free indirect speech and mediated speech (the function of eavesdropping) and the important role of body language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. LANGUAGE-PHILOSOPHY ANOMALIES IN THE FRAMEWORK OF FREE INDIRECT SPEECH: BY THE EXAMPLE OF MARINA TSVETAEVA'S PROSE.
- Author
-
PUCHININA, Olga and KORMILTSEVA, Alevtina
- Subjects
FREEDOM of speech - Abstract
The authors of the article consider Marina Tsvetaeva's prose from the point of view of the relationship between the concepts of "norm" and "anomaly", one of the topical issues of contemporary linguistics. The authors stress the importance of the topic in question and the found language material in the text field of the really unique Russian poet - Marina Tsvetaeva. Several classifications of linguistic anomalies and their functions have been studied in the paper. Within the framework of this article, the authors analyse linguistic anomalies on different levels of the language by the example of complexes with free indirect speech, sampled in the prosaic texts of the great Russian poet and writer. They conclude that it is characteristic for Marina Tsvetaeva to experiment with lexis, syntax and punctuation. At the same time, such language incorrectness promotes reflecting the complexity and originality of the author's perception of the world, conflicts with contemporaries, personal and social drama. Another feature that makes the paper relevant is the choice of free indirect speech as the research target. This research work is the first attempt to study the problem of linguistic anomalies by the example of complexes with free indirect speech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Selfies with Emma: Jane Austen's Social Media.
- Author
-
Ortiz, Ivan
- Subjects
FREE indirect speech ,SOCIABILITY ,STORYTELLING ,SOCIAL media - Abstract
This essay identifies a series of shared media—drawings, riddles, alphabets, etc.—in Jane Austen's Emma that generate social networks by establishing public forums for intersubjectivity. These narrative media allow characters to broadcast their own fantasies about the community while refracting the interiorities of others. Observing this trend, I suggest that narrative media in the novel enable characters to participate in something like free indirect discourse (FID) alongside Austen's narrator, making authorship an extension of sociability. My claim is that social media in the novel both represent and stage the struggle for voice and narrative power between Emma and the novel's minor characters. Bringing together narrative theory, network theory, and contemporary writings about social media, I propose that we are now in a better position to sharpen our understanding of FID in Austen's late fiction because of our literacy in social media technologies and our increasing sensitivity to virtual storytelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
14. Evolution of free indirect speech structures in English, American, and Russian literature
- Author
-
A.D. Alimova
- Subjects
free indirect speech ,translation ,translation studies ,linguistics ,diachrony ,textual interference ,History of scholarship and learning. The humanities ,AZ20-999 - Abstract
Changes that free indirect speech underwent in English, American, and Russian literature during the 20th century were investigated. Both general and more specific (qualitative and quantitative) trends in the free indirect speech development were discussed. Free indirect speech was considered from a diachronic point of view, i.e., the study aims to identify a correlation between the patterns that could be relevant for literary translation from English into Russian and vice versa. Based on the results of the quantitative and qualitative analysis of free indirect speech contexts, it was demonstrated that free indirect speech has evolved. A notable increase in the degree of textual interference and in the variety of models employed was observed. Interestingly, the frequency of occurrence of free indirect speech structures in literary texts varies from decade to decade. Although there are some common trends in free indirect speech usage following the global tendencies in literature, its evolution depends on particular national literary traditions as well. The data obtained show that the most intense usage of free indirect speech segments is typical for the English literature. From the translation perspective, it is important that the general frequency and functional models of indirect speech usage can slightly differ even in texts of the same period or among the writers.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Comparative Analysis of Flash Fiction by A.P. Chekhov and J. Joyce: The Narrator and the Main Character in the Structure of Narrative.
- Author
-
Baisarina, Z. S., Malikova, A. M., Denisova, O. I., Ulianishchev, P. V., Mussaui Ulianishcheva, E. V., and Bogatyreva, S. N.
- Subjects
NARRATORS ,OMNISCIENT narration - Abstract
The article presents a comparative analysis of the relationship between the narrator and the main character in the structure of flash fiction by A.P. Chekhov and J. Joyce. The authors conclude that there are typological similarities in the relationship between the narrator and the main character in the flash fiction of A.P. Chekhov and J. Joyce. This was influenced by the global trend in literature at the turn of the 20th century, according to which the role of the author as an omniscient and omnipresent demiurge of the fictional world started to wane. The paper puts forward that the unique entwinement of the narrator's and the main character's voices in A.P. Chekhov's and J. Joyce's short stories is the main structural-constructive factor of the free indirect speech and contributes to revealing the subtle creative substance of the works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. The spectrum of perspective shift: protagonist projection versus free indirect discourse.
- Author
-
Abrusán, Márta
- Subjects
PROTAGONISTS (Persons) ,FREE indirect speech ,SEMANTICS ,SPEECH acts (Linguistics) ,HISTORY of communication - Abstract
This paper examines a little studied type of perspective shift that I call protagonist projection (PP), following Holton (J Pragmat 28(5):625–628, 1997). (Other names for what is arguably the same phenomenon include non-reflective conscioussness, represented perception, viewpoint shift, etc.) PP is a way of describing the mental state of a protagonist that conveys, to some extent, her perspective. Similarly to its better known cousin free indirect discourse (FID), the shift in perspective is achieved without an overt operator. Unlike FID, PP is not based on a presumed (possibly silent) speech-act of a protagonist. Rather, it gives a linguistic form to pre-verbal perceptual content, sensations, feelings or implicit beliefs. I propose to analyse PP in a bi-contextual framework, extending Eckardt's (The semantics of free indirect discourse: How texts allow us tomind-read and eavesdrop, Brill, Leiden, 2014) approach to FID. Under the resulting analysis, FID and PP are two instances of a more general category of perspective shift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. From Nobody to Somebody: Romantic Epistemology in Jane Austen’s Persuasion
- Author
-
Grażyna Bystydzieńska
- Subjects
Jane Austen ,Persuasion ,body language ,mind reading ,free indirect speech ,eavesdropping ,History of scholarship and learning. The humanities ,AZ20-999 - Abstract
The aim of this article is to substantiate the thesis that together with the development of the plot of Persuasion, the cognitive power of the principal heroine expands, and she becomes a highly sensitive reader of human minds. This thesis is supported by references to the new ‘Romantic’ psychology, emphasizing the close links between the innate aspects of the mind and the body. Psychological insight demonstrates the fragmentation of Anne Elliot’s mind, the role of the unconscious, and the division between the interior and the exterior. There is also analysis of the significance of Anne’s frequent change of transitory lodgings, along with interpretation of the narrative strategy, especially free indirect speech and mediated speech (the function of eavesdropping) and the important role of body language.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Free Indirect: The Novel in a Postfictional Age.
- Author
-
Wylot, David
- Subjects
- *
FREE indirect speech , *NOVELISTS , *NONFICTION - Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Causality, subjectivity and mental spaces: Insights from on-line discourse processing.
- Author
-
Kleijn, Suzanne, Mak, Willem M., and Sanders, Ted J. M.
- Subjects
- *
MENTAL representation , *SUBJECTIVITY , *EYE tracking , *FREEDOM of speech , *DISCOURSE , *NATURAL languages - Abstract
Research has shown that it requires less time to process information that is part of an objective causal relation describing states of affairs in the world (She was out of breath because she was running), than information that is part of a subjective relation (She must have been in a hurry because she was running) expressing a claim or conclusion and a supporting argument. Representing subjectivity seems to require extra cognitive operations. In Mental Spaces Theory (MST; Fauconnier, Gilles. 1994. Mental spaces: Aspects of meaning construction in natural language. Cambridge: MIT Press) the difference between these two relation types can be described in terms of an extra mental space in the discourse representation of subjective relations: representing the Subject of Consciousness (SoC). In processing terms, this might imply that the processing difference is not present if this SoC has already been established in the discourse. We tested this prediction in two eye tracking experiments. The results of Experiment 1 showed that signaling the subjectivity of the relation by introducing a subject of consciousness beforehand did not diminish the processing asymmetry compared to a neutral context. However, the relative complexity of subjective relations was diminished in the context of Free Indirect Speech (No! He was absolutely sure. There was no doubt about it. She was running so she was in hurry; Experiment 2). In terms of MST and the representation of subjectivity in general, this implies that not only creating a representation of a thinking subject, but also assigning a claim to this thinking subject requires extra processing effort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. The Narrative Form in Leonid Yuzefovich's Novel 'Cranes and Dwarfs'
- Author
-
Viktorija Makarova and Justyna Petrovska
- Subjects
linguistic analysis of literary text ,free indirect speech ,egocentrical elements ,type of narrator ,narrative ,Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar ,P101-410 - Abstract
The paper is devoted to the features of the narrative form of Leonid Yuzefovich’s novel “Cranes and dwarfs”. The authors of the paper focuses on the lexical and grammatical tools that allowed the author of the novel to introduce different types of a narrator into the text. Examples illustrating that in the text of the novel under analysis the speaker and the beholder do not always match: 641 examples were related to varieties of free indirect speech. The following types of the free indirect speech constructions were analysed: when the subject of speech and the subject of consciousness differ in such cases: 1) indication of the spatial or temporal localization of the character; 2) an indication of the physical or intellectual perception of the situation (or object, or natural phenomena); 3) broadcast of the character's thoughts; 4) description of the character's emotions; 5) nomination of relatives and body parts of the character. As well as a list of lexical-grammatical markers of the modernist narrative form of the novel "Cranes and dwarfs" are provided in the report.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. SELF-SILENCING STRATEGIES IN CASUAL CONVERSATIONS ABOUT POLITICS IN RURAL POLAND.
- Author
-
MALEWSKA-SZAŁYGIN, ANNA
- Subjects
SILENCE ,ALLUSIONS ,PRACTICAL politics ,POLITICAL attitudes ,FREE indirect speech - Abstract
Self-silencing can be a discursive strategy for presenting personal opinions in casual conversations about politics, especially when these take place in an unpredictable or hostile socio-political environment. In such situations, political identities may be performed through the use of inferred forms, such as allusion, irony or implicit suggestion. In this article, forms of muting one's voice by using indirect speech are tracked in interviews conducted among villagers in the mountainous Nowy Targ county in southern Poland at the beginning of the 21st century. The aim in presenting these examples is to show that sometimes selfsilencing can serve to make an adversary's voice more audible, to help avoid definitive judgement and to create space for an exchange of opinions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Monologue intérieur et discours rapporté : une union problématique ?
- Author
-
Florence FLOQUET
- Subjects
reported speech ,interior monologue ,reported thought ,direct speech ,free indirect speech ,indirect speech ,English language ,PE1-3729 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
This article aims at studying the link between the literary phenomenon called “interior monologue” and the linguistic techniques of reported speech. While interior monologue is generally described as an autonomous discourse incompatible with narration, I want to show that far from being an oxymoron a reported interior monologue is possible and is in fact the most frequent form for this narratological category. I thus wish to analyse how the various techniques of reported speech represent interior discourse, focusing on the more or less tight link they give the impression to have with the “original” interior discourse: some techniques appear to be at the core of interior monologue (direct speech and “locutionary” free indirect speech), while others dwell at the frontier (“pragmatic” free indirect speech and indirect speech).
- Published
- 2019
23. Introduction
- Author
-
Monique DE MATTIA-VIVIÈS
- Subjects
reported speech ,direct speech ,indirect speech ,free indirect speech ,interior monologue ,journalistic discourse analysis ,English language ,PE1-3729 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Published
- 2019
24. Free indirect speech as a means to introduce archaic style into the author’s narration: A Russian linguistics perspective
- Author
-
Gayane Petrosyan
- Subjects
historical novel ,free indirect speech ,reported speech ,direct speech ,archaism ,poetic-stylistic device ,Education ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 - Abstract
The phenomenon of free indirect speech was intensively studied in the 20th century from two fundamentally different directions. Some scholars viewed it as a special syntactic or stylistic-syntactic structure in comparison with direct and reported speech. Others considered it more as a poetic-stylistic technique of characters’ speech reproduction in artistic works. The main aim of this research is to reveal the specific functions of free indirect speech in the genre of the historical novel and show their determining influence on the use of stylistic forms. The study shows that in the genre of historical novels the use of free indirect speech is represented in its small forms, in particular lexical, phraseological, phonetic and grammatical microforms, bearing the imprint of the living and documentary language of the epoch described. The paper also gives a detailed account of the studies concerned with aesthetic-stylistic approach to free indirect speech in Russian linguistics.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Manifesto on polychronic fictionism and the escape from 'character' and 'narrative'.
- Author
-
Kinsella, John
- Subjects
- *
WRITTEN communication , *AUTHORSHIP , *FICTION , *FREE indirect speech , *MEMORY - Abstract
In article the author discusses her way of writing. Topics include that she writes narrations and real stories with fiction writing style which is inclusive and full of ideas; that fiction is an engagement which depicts inclusiveness; and that memory is collective and individual along with an interconnection and restoration.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Forms Used to Convey Reported Speech in French Epistolary Novel.
- Author
-
Rogoza, Olga
- Abstract
Copyright of Studies about Language / Kalbu Studijos is the property of Studies about Language / Kalbu Studijos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Free Indirect Speech in Northanger Abbey.
- Author
-
Xiaojuan Liu
- Subjects
FREEDOM of speech ,CONSCIOUSNESS ,RESONANCE - Abstract
The thesis mainly analyzes the Free Indirect Speech in Austen's novel Northanger Abbey (Volume 2). When Austen describes Catherine's feeling for Henry Tilney, it is difficult for us to distinguish the subjective consciousness of the narrator from the character. Their calm and objective tone is prone to arouse the resonance with the readers. Authorial narrator sometimes appears to explain the fate of Catherine. When Austen describes Catherine's expedition to Northanger Abbey, the character has more prominent subjective consciousness, and readers can distance themselves from the character and examine Catherine's ridiculous and irrational behavior and feel the ironic effects. The thesis points out that Austen used this technique to portray Catherine, who was able to deal with her feeling for Henry reasonably, however, was influenced greatly by the Gothic novels at that time, and could not handle the relationship between reality and fiction very well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Принос към практиката и теорията на превода
- Author
-
Костурков, Йордан
- Subjects
SOCIAL evolution ,SELF-talk ,SPACETIME ,FREEDOM of speech ,CULTURE ,TRANSLATIONS - Abstract
The new monograph of Vitana Kostadinova is an original theoretical study of the Bulgarian translations of Jane Austen, the first ever study of Jane Austen in Bulgaria (Kostadinova, Vitana. Jane Austen Translated: Cultural Transformations Across Space and Time. Plovdiv: Plovdiv University Press, 2018). The work applies approaches ranging from literary-historical study of the Bulgarian texts of Janes Austen's novels to reception and translation of culture approaches, discussing essential techniques of rendering linguistic devices with the goal of identifying the adequate rendering the specificity of the British classic in another language, in another culture, in another time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
29. The Relation between the Public Opinion and the Narrative Utterance in Kálmán Mikszáth´s Fiction
- Author
-
Tibor Gintli
- Subjects
anecdotal narration ,oral narration ,narrative levels ,direct quotations ,free indirect speech ,implied author ,metafiction ,Literature (General) ,PN1-6790 - Abstract
Anecdotal narration outlived the 19th century in Central Europe and its new forms lead to some of the definitive works of modern literature, as Hašek’s world renowned Švejk proves. Anecdotal narratives from the 19th century were governed by collective systems of values and thus did not conform to the more individual outlook of modernity. Thus separation from these collective outlooks seemed to be a requisite for the continuation of the anecdotal tradition. The emblematic figure of the 19th-century anecdotal narration in Hungary was Kálmán Mikszáth. The study examines the hidden narrative methods that allow the narrator, and the implied author to move away from the common opinions they seemingly uphold in Mikszáth’s works. The paper concludes that those of Mikszáth’s narrative that turn away, or simply keep a distance from the common opinion paved the way for the modernisation of anecdotal narrative forms in Hungarian literature.
- Published
- 2017
30. Presentación del discurso directo e indirecto en H.M. El niño de casa de Naqvi: un estudio basado en corpus.
- Author
-
Sadiq, Uzma and Sibtain, Masroor
- Subjects
FREE indirect speech ,LINGUOSTYLISTICS ,QUANTITATIVE research - Abstract
Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
31. Why did God say no to David? (2 Samuel 7).
- Author
-
Goswell, Gregory
- Subjects
- *
FREE indirect speech , *MOTIVATION in Christian education , *ASSYRO-Babylonian mythology , *BIBLICAL studies - Abstract
The key to discovering why David wants to build a house for Yhwh, as well as the reason for the divine refusal, is to be found in a close reading of the opening verse of 2 Samuel 7. This verse is an example of free indirect discourse, namely, the picture of the king's situation (in his house and at rest) is how David viewed the current state of affairs. On that basis, David considered that the time was ripe for such a project, for he was under the misapprehension that he had achieved rest from his enemies (v.1b), but God revealed through Nathan that the time of rest lay in the future (v.11a). Despite differences in wording, the identical explanation for God's embargo on temple-building in the time of David is given in the three passages in 1 Kings and 1 Chronicles that broach the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Versions d'una novel·la: Ungeduld des Herzens, de Stefan Zweig.
- Author
-
i Arce, Pilar Estelrich
- Abstract
Copyright of Quaderns: Revista de Traducció is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
33. Humorn i stadens mångstämmiga rum. En läsning av romanen Markurells i Wadköping av Hjalmar Bergman
- Author
-
Massimo Ciaravolo
- Subjects
Hjalmar Bergman, Swedish literature, European comic novel, Mikhail Bakhtin, Simon Critchely, Leo Spitzer, Free indirect speech ,Simon Critchely ,Leo Spitzer ,Mikhail Bakhtin ,Free indirect speech ,Swedish literature ,Hjalmar Bergman ,European comic novel ,Settore L-LIN/15 - Lingue e Letterature Nordiche - Abstract
“Humour in the Polyphonic Town Space. A Reading of Hjalmar Bergman’s Novel The Markurells of Wadköping” The novelist as an accomplished artist is revealed, in Mikhail Bakhtin’s view, when the stamp of his/her voice and style is kept while interacting and intermingling with other voices and styles expressed in the novel, often taken from social, collective spaces such as the town. In addition, Bakhtin observes that a history of laughter can be read in the development of the novel as a genre. With its popular roots in carnival traditions, the novel takes place in streets and market squares, and creates an alternative social place which can overturn given social, political and economic hierarchies. Furthermore, the literary scholar Leo Spitzer shows how a novel’s narrator voice can borrow and mould the common voice of a whole community of speakers, as a sort of choir, for instance, in a village or a small town, through the use of free indirect speech (erlebte Rede). By following these stylistic clues, the article examines how comic, grotesque and fantastic effects are triggered in Hjalmar Bergman’s novel The Markurells of Wadköping, especially in case of ‘polyphonic’ scenes in which the small town participates as a unit, and as a receptive and collective conscience. When humour is in great style, it also contains a tragic dimension, as suggested by the philosopher Simon Critchley. Bergman’s humour is marked by pessimism, and the writer is ambivalent towards the apparently solid, bourgeois world prior to World War I which he comes from and depicts in his novel. The author feels close to this world and describes it with empathy, but at the same time he displays a critical distance as well as a need to part from it. The ‘polyphonic’ plurality of voices in this novel refers also to such an inner conflict. In the article, Hjalmar Bergman is considered as an interpreter of existential disharmony and shortcomings, but also as a writer who found in laughter a form of love for life despite everything.
- Published
- 2023
34. El prosaísmo de la modernidad y la prosa novelística a través del ejemplo de A Tale of Two Cities de Charles Dickens
- Author
-
Rocío Saucedo Dimas
- Subjects
Subjectivity ,Language and Literature ,Modernity ,media_common.quotation_subject ,affordances ,Multitude ,Character (symbol) ,General Medicine ,prosa novelística ,Free indirect speech ,posibilidades de uso ,novela como forma ,Liberalism ,Focalization ,Aesthetics ,Reading (process) ,individuo y colectividad ,modernidad ,Sociology ,media_common - Abstract
Este artículo propone que el fenómeno de la prosa y, más específicamente, el de prosa novelística como forma literaria moderna y sus posibilidades de uso (affordances) guarda una relación con la noción de prosaísmo, entendida como un espectro de experiencias derivadas de las condiciones de vida producidas por la modernidad en Occidente. Dentro de este espectro de experiencias destacan las tensiones entre individuo y colectividad, especialmente la colectividad en la forma de multitudes anónimas en un entorno urbano. Así pues, primeramente se aborda la cuestión del prosaísmo moderno en relación con la prosa literaria. A continuación, se lleva a cabo una revisión de algunas posturas teórico-críticas relacionadas con las posibilidades de uso de la novela que le han permitido a ésta dramatizar la posición contradictoria del individuo liberal y evocar la forma de su subjetividad a través de recursos como la caracterización, el estilo libre indirecto, la focalización, entre otros. Finalmente, se ofrece una lectura del personaje Sydney Carton de A Tale of Two Cities en su relación nocional con el modelo de individuo.
- Published
- 2021
35. Free Indirect Speech in Translation (by the Material of Russian Translations of G. Flaubert’s Novel 'Madame Bovary')
- Author
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Valentina Valeryevna Karapets
- Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject ,Art ,Translation (geometry) ,Free indirect speech ,Linguistics ,media_common - Published
- 2021
36. The discourse structure of free indirect discourse reports
- Author
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Sofia Bimpikou, Emar Maier, and Petra Hendriks
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,Discourse structure ,Sociology ,Free indirect speech ,Language and Linguistics ,Linguistics - Abstract
We investigate the discourse structure of Free Indirect Discourse passages in narratives. We argue that Free Indirect Discourse reports consist of two separate propositional discourse units: an (explicit or implicit) frame segment and a reported content. These segments are connected at the level of discourse structure by a non-veridical, subordinating discourse relation of Attribution, familiar from recent SDRT analyses of indirect discourse constructions in natural conversation (Hunter, 2016). We conducted an experiment to detect the covert presence of a subordinating frame segment based on its effects on pronoun resolution. We compared (unframed) Free Indirect Discourse with overtly framed Indirect Discourse and a non-reportative segment. We found that the first two indeed pattern alike in terms of pronoun resolution, which we take as evidence against the pragmatic context split approach of Schlenker (2004) and Eckardt (2014), and in favor of our discourse structural Attribution analysis.
- Published
- 2021
37. Taking the perspective of narrative characters
- Author
-
Emar Maier, Owen E.J. Kapelle, Sofia Bimpikou, Jorrig Vogels, Other personnel, and Theoretical Philosophy
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,Character (mathematics) ,Interpretation (philosophy) ,Perspective (graphical) ,Narrative ,Mouse tracking ,Affect (linguistics) ,Free indirect speech ,Referent ,Psychology ,Language and Linguistics ,Linguistics - Abstract
An ongoing debate in the interpretation of referring expressions concerns the degree to which listeners make use of perspective information during referential processing. We aim to contribute to this debate by considering perspective shifting in narrative discourse. In a web-based mouse-tracking experiment in Dutch, we investigated whether listeners automatically shift to a narrative character’s perspective when resolving ambiguous referring expressions, and whether different linguistic perspective-shifting devices affect how and when listeners switch to another perspective. We compared perspective-neutral, direct, and free indirect discourse, manipulating which objects are visible to the character. Our results do not show a clear effect of the perspective shifting devices on participants’ eventual choice of referent, but our online mouse-tracking data reveal processing differences that suggest that listeners are indeed sensitive to the conventional markers of perspective shift associated with direct and (to a lesser degree) free indirect discourse.
- Published
- 2021
38. Tense Alternation in Japanese Literature: Translating Free Indirect Discourse and Focalization in Kashimada Maki’s Meido meguri
- Author
-
Haydn Trowell
- Subjects
History ,Japanese language and literature ,Opposition (planets) ,Language and Literature ,Free indirect speech ,Japanese literature ,Linguistics ,Focalization ,Phenomenon ,PL501-889 ,Alternation (formal language theory) ,Narrative ,Predicative expression - Abstract
This paper examines the phenomenon of tense alternation in Japanese literary narrative, making specific reference to Kashimada Maki’s (鹿島田 真希) novella Meido meguri (冥途めぐり Touring the Land of the Dead, 2012) as a case study. It argues that tense alternation in sentence‑final predicative verbs should be regarded a stylistic technique that serves as an indicator of free indirect discourse and of focalization through a central character, and that it moreover establishes an opposition between external narration and internal focalization. It then illustrates how this dynamic is employed in Meido Meguri to create a contrast between a mode suggesting narrative distance and another suggesting mental interiority. This paper thus highlights a significant linguistic difference in the construction of free indirect discourse in Japanese and English narratives.
- Published
- 2021
39. As vozes do discurso indireto livre em tradução
- Author
-
Cecília Fischer Dias and Karina de Castilhos Lucena
- Subjects
Organic Chemistry ,Character (symbol) ,Free indirect speech ,Biochemistry ,language.human_language ,Linguistics ,Focus (linguistics) ,World literature ,Brazilian Portuguese ,language ,Narrative ,Sociology ,Plot (narrative) ,Portuguese - Abstract
In this article, we analyze “Disgrace”, by J. M. Coetzee and its Brazilian Portuguese translation, “Desonra”, by Jose Rubens Siqueira. It is a novel written basically in English (or Portuguese, in the translation), which also uses terms and excerpts in other languages. These occurrences are the focus of this analysis, and we consider them as culture-specific items, according to Aixela (1996). Specifically, we investigate, among the strategies used for translating these items, intratextual gloss. With that observation, we aim to understand the effect of the added gloss in free indirect speech, considering, based on Wood (2012), that, when there are explanations that would be obvious for the character in free indirect speech, the tension between the narrator’s voice and that of the character is untied, and the narrator’s voice comes forward. Moreover, the idea that explanations detach the voices in tension in free indirect speech leads to a reflection about Moretti’s (2000) proposal that the novel in the periphery of world literature would be a compromise between foreign plot, local characters, and local narrative voice. We observed that taking Wood’s (2012) approach into consideration, makes Moretti’s (2000) proposal more complex, adding a third vector to the triangle: a translation voice.
- Published
- 2021
40. Transition and Translation of Free Indirect Discourse in Chinese Literature
- Author
-
Yixin Liu
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,History ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Transition (fiction) ,Internal monologue ,Chinese literature ,Free indirect speech ,Stream of consciousness (narrative mode) ,Language and Linguistics ,Linguistics ,Reading (process) ,Narrative ,Consciousness ,media_common - Abstract
Free indirect discourse (FID) is a discourse presentation pattern of third-person narration, and it is often employed as a common narrative strategy to present characters’ consciousness in literary works. Given its ambiguous link with both the narrator’s and character’s discourse, we may feel confused about how to distinguish FID from other discourse when reading a text. After introducing the basic definition of this notion, this paper will interpret several signals which can help to distinguish FID passages in the text. Most importantly, this paper will look at how FID passages in Western literary works were translated into Chinese in early works, and then explore the development of FID in early Chinese fiction, investigating the transition of FID in Chinese.
- Published
- 2021
41. Free Indirect Discourse and the Problem of the Will in Two Novels by William Godwin.
- Author
-
MANGANARO, THOMAS SALEM
- Subjects
- *
FREE indirect speech , *REALIST fiction , *WILL - Abstract
The article discusses free indirect discourse (FID) as an important formal technique in the early realist novel due to its ability to convey the complex qualities of the will through novelist William Godwin's early novels "St. Leon" (1799) and "Fleetwood" (1805). The novels apparently raise philosophical and moral issues regarding weak-willed characters' will and their ability to follow through with what they know they ought to do.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Free indirect speech as a means to introduce archaic style into the author's narration: A Russian linguistics perspective.
- Author
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Petrosyan, Gayane
- Subjects
- *
FREE indirect speech , *FICTION writing techniques , *RUSSIAN literature , *LITERARY style , *PHRASEOLOGY , *NARRATION - Abstract
Following multiple theories regarding the definition of free indirect speech, this linguistic phenomenon was intensively studied in the 20th century from two fundamentally different directions. Some scholars considered free indirect speech to be a special syntactic or stylistic-syntactic structure in comparison with direct and reported speech. Others considered it more as a poetic-stylistic technique of characters' speech reproduction in artistic works. The main aim of this research is to reveal the specific functions of free indirect speech in the genre of the historical novel and to show their determining influence on the use of stylistic forms of the phenomenon being studied. The result of our research shows that in the genre of historical novels, the use of free indirect speech is represented in its small forms, in particular lexical, phraseological, phonetic and grammatical microforms, bearing the imprint of the living and documentary language of the epoch described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Viewpoint, misdirection, and sound design in film: The Conversation.
- Author
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Tobin, Vera
- Subjects
- *
SOUND design , *CONVERSATION analysis , *FREE indirect speech , *QUOTATIONS - Abstract
Stories can and often do build surprises by encouraging audiences to attribute certain assertions, presuppositions, and evaluations to an “objective” or base-level perspective, only to reveal later on that these elements should be attributed only to the mistaken or deceptive viewpoint of a particular character. This paper presents a comparison of sound design and viewpoint phenomena in Francis Ford Coppola's film The Conversation (1974) with similar narrative twists in prose and with other perspective shifts in film. It shows how viewpoint blends, shifts, and distinctions between the “viewpointed” and “non-viewpointed” status of elements in the visual and auditory stream in film can work together to create this kind of re-evaluation surprise, and discusses how these are and are not analogous to similar effects in prose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Temporal relations of free indirect discourse events
- Author
-
Jakob Egetenmeyer
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,Sociology ,Free indirect speech ,Language and Linguistics ,Linguistics - Abstract
In this article, we investigate the role free indirect discourse (FID) plays in temporal discourse structure. In contrast to the most widely accepted account of FID, which compares the content of FID to the surrounding content (two voices or two contexts), we take FID as a discourse entity and, thus, focus on the FID event. We follow a prominence-based approach to temporal discourse structure, through which we are able to describe the temporal relations the FID event maintains to the preceding and the following discourse in a precise manner. We can also account for the temporal developments that may be brought about by FID events. This becomes especially interesting in longer passages where FID events alternate with non-FID parts of discourse. The interaction involves the three levels which together make up our account of temporal discourse structure.
- Published
- 2021
45. Perspective in German and French: Divergences in Formal Marking and Temporal Anchoring
- Author
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Jakob Egetenmeyer, Martin Becker, and Stefan Hinterwimmer
- Subjects
050101 languages & linguistics ,Linguistics and Language ,Pronoun ,Literature and Literary Theory ,05 social sciences ,Perspective (graphical) ,Anchoring ,Context (language use) ,Free indirect speech ,050105 experimental psychology ,Language and Linguistics ,language.human_language ,Linguistics ,German ,Literary theory ,language ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Narrative ,Sociology - Abstract
In narratives, either a narrator or a protagonist may be the perspective taker. Importantly, shifts between the two are possible. German and French differ with respect to the means which indicate that the perspective is shifted. While German may use a specific pronoun to indicate that the perspective is shifted from the protagonist to the narrator, French may display tense-aspect forms deviating from the expected ones. In our analysis, we take into account larger strings of context, thus committing to the discourse level. We apply a staged translation approach. This allows us to determine more precisely the diverging functioning of the language-specific means of perspective marking. The comparison of the means indicating perspective shifts opens a second question. If French allows for deviating tense-aspect forms, may the temporal anchoring diverge between the two languages? We confirm this on the grounds of a comparison of translations of German free indirect discourse to French.
- Published
- 2021
46. Two Paths for the Big Book: Olga Tokarczuk's Shifting Voice
- Author
-
Katarzyna Bartoszyńska
- Subjects
Literature and Literary Theory ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Perspective (graphical) ,0507 social and economic geography ,06 humanities and the arts ,060202 literary studies ,Free indirect speech ,050701 cultural studies ,Power (social and political) ,Aesthetics ,Reading (process) ,0602 languages and literature ,Narrative ,Sociology ,Impossibility ,Affordance ,media_common ,Diversity (business) - Abstract
This essay argues for the power of free indirect discourse in the third-person narrative perspective to serve as a collective voice, encompassing a diversity of perspectives, through a reading of two novels by Olga Tokarczuk, Bieguni (Flights) and Księgi Jakubowe (Books of Jacob). Both novels investigate the challenges inherent in the project of providing an image of the world, and alongside various interventions on the level of content, each examines the kind of world-image that different approaches to narrative voice can produce. In Flights, the narrator's striving to arrive at a more expansive and synthetic knowledge of the world is accompanied by an effort to go beyond the first-person voice, to a broader perspective. The novel subtly demonstrates the impossibility of such efforts, but, the essay argues, Books of Jacob continues this project, albeit from the opposite direction, examining the affordances of the third-person voice. Its innovative use of free indirect discourse produces a perspective that, while appearing to be a single voice, contains multiple, contradictory points of view.
- Published
- 2021
47. Gender and Free Indirect Style in God’s Bits of Wood
- Author
-
Idzai Iris Mushayabasa and Arua Eke Aura
- Subjects
Psychology ,Free indirect speech ,Linguistics - Published
- 2021
48. Splot głosów. Mowa pozornie zależna w Requiem dla gospodyni Wiesława Myśliwskiego
- Author
-
Anna Piniewska
- Subjects
Expression (architecture) ,Direct speech ,General Chemical Engineering ,Subject (philosophy) ,Literary criticism ,Character (symbol) ,Context (language use) ,Sociology ,Free indirect speech ,Linguistics ,Drama - Abstract
The article analyzes the drama Requiem dla gospodyni by Wiesław Myśliwski in the context of free indirect discourse as understood in literary criticism. The author of the article discusses the instances of this form of expression used in the utterances of Boleś, a shepherd and country madman of an unknown ontological status. She notices the problems with distinguishing between free indirect speech and the direct quoting of the late titular landlady [gospodyni] with whom Boleś established a strong bond. The author demonstrates that the shepherd plays a significant role both as a part of the storyline and a formal element because his creative capacity (building images) as well as linguistic (creating a binarrative in free direct speech) reveal his meta-dramatic character and privilege the dramatic subject.
- Published
- 2021
49. Uttered Free Indirect Speech in Russian and English Literature: Characteristics and Introductory Constructions
- Author
-
A. D. Alimova
- Subjects
English literature ,Free indirect speech ,Psychology ,Linguistics - Published
- 2021
50. The 'narrauthor' of the final works of Pier Paolo Pasolini
- Author
-
Luciano Lagazzi
- Subjects
Stile ,Self ,Narrative style ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Automotive Engineering ,Narrative ,Art ,Free indirect speech ,Humanities ,media_common - Abstract
EnglishStarting from the Divine Mimesis, published posthumously but started in 1963, Pasolini seeks a different approach to literature, rejecting the conventional value of the narrator to seek a more direct contact between author and reader. As also emerges in Teorema but especially in Petrolio, Pasolini's authorship assumes the characteristics of a "flesh-and-blood narrator", which does not limit itself to proposing a "narrative machine that works alone in the reader's imagination" but becomes a concrete point of reference for a real dialogue. Given the abundance of Pasolinian materials, on the basis of that "knowledge for quotations" dear to Benjamin, a great effort is made to let the author be the main voice, with the critical contribution being relegated to the commentary on the passages that are quoted. An analysis of Pasolini's final narrative works reveals a clear desire to renew his narrative style not so much in an aesthetic, but rather in an ethical way: Pasolini does indeed abandon the socio-cultural mimesis of free indirect discourse, which was typical of his previous work, to give greater depth to the figure of the self, who, while posing as a narrator, does not cease to be Pier Paolo Pasolini himself. The path traced by Pasolini, substantially anti-experimental and anti-poetic, does not seem to have had many supporters even if it certainly brought its message to the provocative and communicative vertices of the last years of his life. The Italian writers, if anything, have been appended to the Calvinian style, so elegant and pleasant, and yet abstract and fleeing reality. Perhaps only Saviano has been able to re-propose, at least in Gomorra, the Pasolinian "narrator in the flesh". italianoA partire dalla Divina Mimesis, pubblicata postuma ma iniziata nel 1963, Pasolini cerca un diverso approccio alla letteratura, rifiutando il valore convenzionale del narratore per cercare un contatto piu diretto fra autore e lettore. Come emerge anche in Teorema e soprattutto in Petrolio, l’autorialita pasoliniana assume i caratteri di un «narratore in carne ed ossa», che non non si limiti a proporre una «macchina narrativa che funziona da sola nell’immaginazione del lettore», ma diventi un punto di riferimento concreto per un dialogo reale. Data l’abbondanza dei materiali pasoliniani, sulla scorta di quella «conoscenza per citazioni» cara a Benjamin, si e cercato di lasciar parlare soprattutto l’autore, relegando l’apporto critico al commento dei brani citati. Dall’analisi delle ultime opere narrative di Pasolini, emerge la chiara volonta di rinnovare il proprio stile narrativo non tanto in funzione estetica, ma piuttosto etica: Pasolini anzi abbandona la mimesi socioculturale del discorso libero indiretto, tipica della produzione precedente, per dare maggior spessore alla figura del se, che mentre si atteggia a narratore non cessa di essere Pier Paolo Pasolini. La via tracciata da Pasolini, sostanzialmente antisperimentale e antipoetica, se ha certo portato il suo messaggio ai vertici provocatori e comunicativi degli ultimi anni di vita, non sembra aver avuto molti sostenitori. Gli scrittori italiani si sono semmai accodati allo stile calviniano, tanto elegante e piacevole, quanto tendenzialmente astratto e in fuga dalla realta. Forse solo Saviano ha saputo riproporre, almeno in Gomorra, il «narratore in carne ed ossa» pasoliniano.
- Published
- 2020
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