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Barnyard grass (Echinochloa sp.) is one of the main rice weeds. Knowledge of its emergence can support management measures. The present study models barnyard grass emergence at different flooded rice sowing periods. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the hydrothermal time model in estimating barnyard grass emergence is analyzed. Field emergence was monitored three times a week during two sowing times (October and November) and two growing seasons (2017/18 and 2018/19), in rice sown and unsown areas. Data were converted to cumulative emergence based on total seedlings. Soil temperature and moisture data were used to determine hydrothermal time. The sowing in October led to a continuous emergence of barnyard grass, while the sowing in late November led to different emergence rates. The highest emergence rates of barnyard grass occur in the first sowing time. The hydrothermal time model is adequate to estimate barnyard grass emergence in both sowing times.

INTRODUÇÃO: A orelha de abano é o mais comum de todos os defeitos congênitos da orelha, com incidência de 5% em caucasianos. O tratamento cirúrgico deve corrigir os ângulos auriculocefálico e escafoconchal, bem como a protrusão do lóbulo, quando presente. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar a experiência de nosso serviço no tratamento da orelha de abano com a combinação de diversas técnicas disponíveis. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 47 pacientes, operados com a associação de técnicas já descritas anteriormente, sendo utilizados incisão cartilaginosa, pontos de Mustardé para definição de antélice e fixação da concha na mastoide. Os pacientes com menos de 15 anos de idade foram operados sob anestesias geral e local, e os demais foram submetidos somente a anestesia local. Todos os pacientes foram reavaliados no primeiro dia de pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: Os resultados pós-operatórios foram considerados satisfatórios pelos pacientes e pela equipe cirúrgica, sem o aparecimento do estigma de orelha operada. CONCLUSÕES: O melhor tratamento de orelhas proeminentes é obtido com a associação de diversas técnicas. A abordagem empregada nos pacientes avaliados tem apresentado resultados naturais e com baixos índices de complicação, satisfazendo a equipe cirúrgica e, principalmente, os pacientes.BACKGROUND: Prominent ear is the most common congenital defect of the ear, with an incidence of 5% in Caucasians. Surgical treatment should correct the auriculocephalic and conchoscaphal angles as well as protrusion of the lobe when present. This paper aims to report the experience of our service in the treatment of prominent ears with a combination of several available techniques. METHODS: Forty-seven patients operated with a combination of previously described techniques were evaluated, and cartilaginous incision, Mustardé sutures for antihelix definition, and concha-mastoid fixation were performed. Patients less than 15 years of age were operated under general and local anesthesia, while the remaining patients underwent only local anesthesia. All patients were reassessed on the first postoperative day. RESULTS: The postoperative results were considered satisfactory by both patients and surgical staff, with no stigma development in the operated ear. CONCLUSIONS: The best treatment of prominent ears is achieved by a combination of techniques. The approach used on the studied patients has produced natural-looking results with low complication rates, satisfying the surgical staff and, most importantly, the patients.