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Purpose: Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been shown to accelerate bone healing and is considered to increase blood flow. The aim of this study was to assess changes in micro-circulation of the foots' soft tissue in response to LIPUS intervention. We hypothesised improved micro-circulation in response to LIPUS.Methods: Micro-circulation was assessed in 2 mm and 8 mm-deep skin of 50 healthy volunteers using non-invasive laser-doppler spectrophotometry (O2C-device). Measurements were performed before LIPUS-intervention (pre), directly after intervention (post) and 20, 40 and 60 minutes after LIPUS.Results: All parameter of micro-circulation increased directly after LIPUS intervention at 8 mm depth. Participants with a low pre-intervention flow showed the largest changes (p < 0.001) with an increased post-flow of 38%. SO2 levels increased significantly after intervention (p = 0.045) and decreased after 60 minutes in comparison to pre-intervention status. rHb levels after 60 min were significantly higher in comparison to pre-intervention levels.Conclusion: In healthy volunteers, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound led to significant short-term changes in microcirculation of the foot. Younger subjects with a low pre-flow level and smokers showed a higher potential to increase blood flow after LIPUS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plantar arterial arch provides the dominant vascular supply to the digits of the foot, with variability in length, shape, and dominant blood supply from the contributing arteries. According to the standard definition, the plantar arterial arch is formed from the continuation of the lateral plantar artery and the anastomoses between the deep branch of dorsalis pedis artery. In this study, 40 adult feet were dissected and the plantar arch with variations in shape and arterial supply was observed. The standard description of the plantar arch was observed in 55% of the specimens with variations present in 45%. Variations in terms of shape were classified into three types: Type A (10%): plantar arterial arch formed a sharp irregular curve; type B (60%): obtuse curve; type C (3%): spiral curve. Variation in the dominant contributing artery was classified into six types: type A (25%), predominance in the deep branch of dorsalis pedis artery supplying all digits; type B (5%), predominance in the lateral plantar artery supplying digits 3 and 4; and type C (20%), predominance in the deep branch of dorsalis pedis artery supplying digits 2 to 4; type D (24%), equal dominance showed; type E (10%), predominance in the lateral plantar artery supplying digits 3 to 5; and type F (21%), predominance of all digits supplied by lateral plantar artery. The foot was divided into three parts to determine the location of the plantar arterial arch. The second part was further divided into three parts: middle anterior (90%), intermediate middle (10%), and middle posterior (0%). Knowledge of the vascular anatomy of the plantar arterial arch is crucial for understanding sites of partial amputations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  Nine patients presenting during infancy were identified with clubfeet and absent anterior and lateral compartment functions. We considered these to be neurogenic clubfeet. All patients had the drop toe sign: resting posture of the toes in plantarflexion and absent active dorsiflexion movement after plantar stimulation of the foot. Two patients (three feet) underwent exploration of the peroneal nerve, which revealed anatomic abnormalities. Six patients required more casts than typical for initial correction of deformity; all but two had Achilles tenotomy. Four relapsed despite full-time bracing and eventually needed intraarticular surgery to achieve a plantigrade foot. Idiopathic absent peroneal nerve function is not a well-described entity in the clubfoot literature. All babies with clubfoot should be examined for the drop toe sign. When noted, the feet will likely be more difficult to correct initially, may need early Achilles tendon lengthening, will likely need permanent bracing, are likely to relapse and need intraarticular surgery, and may need multiple surgeries to remain plantigrade throughout growth. Level of Evidence: Level IV, diagnostic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the relationship between the deep fibular nerve and the dorsalis pedis artery to provide useful anatomical knowledge for safe surgical approaches in plastic surgery. The dissection of 30 cadaver lower limbs was undertaken to describe the relationship of the deep fibular nerve to the dorsalis pedis artery in the anterior tarsal tunnel and on the dorsum of the foot. The anterior tarsal tunnel is a flattened space between the inferior extensor retinaculum and the fascia overlying the talus and navicular. The deep fibular nerve and its branches pass longitudinally through this fibro-osseous tunnel, deep to the tendons of the extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus. Four distinct relationships of the deep fibular nerve to the dorsalis pedis artery were determined. The dorsalis pedis neurovascular island flap contains both the dorsalis pedis artery and the deep fibular nerve. Because the design of a neurovascular free flap requires detailed knowledge of the nerve and vascular supply, the data presented here are intended to help surgeons during surgical approaches to the foot and ankle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single rapid and deep inspirations (inspiratory gasps, IG) result in arteriolar vasoconstriction with concomitant transient decreases in skin blood flow that are most prominent in fingers and toes. Vascular responses (inspiratory gasp responses, IGR) are determined as the maximum percentage reduction in blood flow and have been used to assess sympathetic neurovascular function in several conditions. Previous studies have described various features of the response but there has been no reported systematic investigation of the degree of similarity between IGR obtained on dominant and non-dominant hands. This aspect is important in procedures that may use IGR to evaluate suspected unilateral sympathetic dysfunction of a limb-pair or to test the effectiveness of physiological interventions imposed on a single limb of a pair. Thus, the goal of our study was to compare IGR magnitudes that were simultaneously determined in paired-fingers of dominant and non-dominant hands. In 30 healthy seated subjects, skin blood perfusion via laser-Doppler (SBF) was measured on the dorsum of the middle finger of both hands while subjects performed three sequential IG at 3-min intervals. Analysis of variance for repeated measures revealed no significant difference in IGR between dominant (79·3 ± 11·2%) and non-dominant hands (81·9 ± 11·6%,P = 0·965) with an overall IGR of 80·6 ± 11·4%. These results indicate that hand-dominance is not a factor that is likely to significantly effect IGR differentials determined in paired-limbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The foot is indispensable for man's daily activities and the integrity of its structure depends on its irrigation. The number of bypass operations for its arteries therefore increases as wellas the use ofvascularised flaps to cover defects in its dorsalregion. To find out more details about the irrigation of the dorsum of foot, the formation of dorsal metatarsal arteries (DMA) was examined in 50 feet of 25 fixed cadavers of Brazilian adults of both sexes. The feet arteries were injected with neoprene latex dyed red, and then dissected. The first DMA originated from the dorsalis pedis artery in 86%, from the plantar network in 10% and the origin was mixed in 4%. The second DMA originated from the arcuate artery exclusively in 10%, the third DMA in 6%, and the fourth DMA in 10%. In its absence (48%), the lateral tarsalarteries and the proximal perforating branches were responsible forthe formation of the second DMA in 52%, of the third DMA in 54%, and of the fourth DMA in 72%. The proximal perforating branches made an important contribution to the formation of such arteries, contributing partially or totally to the second DMA in 90%, to the third DMA in 92%, and to the fourth DMA in 86%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a case study of an aneurysm of the dorsalis pedis artery in a 60-year-old diabetic. Medical history of the patient; Details of the surgical procedure used to treat the disorder; Information on the microscopic examination of the aneurysm.

Presents a study that compared the effectiveness of dorsalis pedis artery bypass surgery between Hispanic and non-Hispanic diabetic patients in Texas. Factors that are predictive of graft failure or complications; Examination of the Kaplan-Meier curve for primary and assisted patency and limb salvage; Measurement of duplex derived velocities.

Summary The objective of this study was to describe the arterial distribution of the hindfoot of the llama (Lama glama). Ten adult llamas, preserved in 6% formalin solution at 0°C, were dissected. The arterial system was perfused with a solution of 14% coloured plaster; the venous system was perfused with a solution of 17% coloured industrial gelatine. Angiographies were also obtained. In the llama, the arterial distribution is of the saphenous type and this simple sort of irrigation could be used as a didactic model. The caudal branch of the saphenous artery divides into the small lateral plantar artery and the larger medial plantar artery, which continues as the plantar common digital artery III, and it is the main blood supply of the hindfoot. The dorsal pedal artery is underdeveloped and the perforating tarsal artery does not exist in this species. The plantar common digital artery III divides into the plantar proper digital II, III and IV. Branches from the plantar proper digital artery III supply the digits. We compared the arterial distribution of the hindfoot of the llama with that of other domestic animals including the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 38-year-old woman with infiltrative mass involving the medial plantar nerve and the tarsal tunnel. It shows interlaced vascular structures of variable size and shape within a fibro-adipose tissue with thick vascular walls. It discusses endoneurial infiltration by a vascular malformation in a foot.

Abstract: In-stent Restenosis (ISR) is the Achilles heel for using of stent. Vascular brachytherapy (VBT) has been the principal scientifically investigated local therapy for coronary artery ISR. In our suggested method, a new type of stent, which is coated with Boron (10B) compound, is used. The coating layer of the stent consists of stable isotype of 10B. Boron Neutron Capture Therapy produced alpha particle has enough energy to kill the cells adjacent to the stent, which is the site of boron deposition. It would prevent from ISR and intimal proliferation. After percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and insertion of stent, follow-up should be done continuously, and if ISR is detected, BNCT will be used to treat the recurrence. Using this modality of VBT would help us to overcome the pitfalls in en vogue radiotherapy methods. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Reports on the development of L-arginine, a cream for diabetic patients in the U.S. Pilot study of diabetic patients with impaired foot circulation; Efficacy in improving blood flow and temperature in the feet; Mode of application.