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Background: Intrathoracic migration of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is a phenomenally rare complication, with the supradiaphragmatic intercostal variant even more so. Whereas it can prove debilitating or even fatal via massive hydrothorax, the causative mechanism and proper management of this occurrence are undefined. Case presentation: A 17-month-old girl who had undergone VPS insertion at one month of age was brought to our department for somnolence and dyspnea, which had a sudden onset. Despite a previous thoracostomy provided temporary symptom relief, she had relapsed. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest showed a large loop of the right-sided VPS penetrating into the thorax through the anterior wall, as well as marked right hydrothorax. She was subjected to VPS revision and thoracostomy, with the swift, complete, and lasting remission of her complaints. Conclusion: It is possible that local reaction coupled with negative inspiratory pressure caused the catheter loop to break into the pleural cavity. Our case demonstrates an exceedingly rare event that has a favorable prognosis if diagnosed and treated quickly and appropriately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In urban landscape design, Tilia spp. (Linden trees) are frequently used due to their aesthetic value. Among the pests affecting Linden trees, the most significant are the eriophyid mites, Eriophyes tiliae Pagenstecher, and aphids. Since 1985, the invasive species Oxycarenus lavaterae Fabricius has been reported on the European continent, and it entered Romania in 2009. In Cluj-Napoca, Romania, this pest has been monitored during the period 2021-2022. Most hibernating colonies are found on Tilia cordata Mill., while fewer are observed on Tilia platyphyllos Scop. The colony size ranges from 8 to 18 cm², with 785 to 3428 individuals per colony and an average of 2117 individuals. In the studied area, the species exhibits a single generation. Hibernating adults begin to migrate into the tree's canopy in the second half of May. The adults of the first generation are observed in August, and from September, they retreat for hibernal diapause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aimed the study of two controversial species in Romania, Corythucha ciliata Say (sycamore tiger or sycamore lace bug) and Corythucha arcuata Say (oak tiger or oak lace bug) (Hemiptera, Tigidae). Knowing and differentiating the two species is important in order to observe their behavior, the way of damage, but also to be able to find methods to reduce the frequency of attack on plane trees and oak trees. Both insects are aggressive pests, damaging the leaves of trees and leading to their premature defoliation. The research aimed to identify, monitor and differentiate the two species from a morphological and biological point of view. The two species were observed and monitored over two years, 2020-2022, being identified in several locations in Transylvania, on plane (Platanus spp.) and oak (Quercus robur Linné). Regarding the biological cycle, in the temperate-continental climate of Cluj-Napoca, Corythucha ciliata Say develops two generations per year, while Corythucha arcuata Say develops three generations per year. The main criterion for differentiating the two species is the color of the ribs and the specific pattern on their wings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Versatile classical and modern methods for a new synthesis of (8E,10Z)-tetradeca-8,10-dienal based on Sonogashira cross-coupling, Cahiez-Fürstner reaction as well as other reactions using palladium, iron or copper as catalysts were described. We designed two ways employing two different strategies one of that involves an E-reduction and the other a Zreduction with crucial importance in terms of diastereoselective synthesis. From the variously formulated pheromone baits, the one containing only the active isomer showed superior activity compared to the mixture of all isomers of 8,10-tetradecandienal. The synthesis of the pure E,Z diastereoisomer allowed to clarify their structure-bioactivity relationships to reveal the diversity in the stereochemical aspects of pheromone communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ostrinia nubilalis is the most important corn pest, in las years a aggressivity increasing was observed, causing harvest losses of up to 40%. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of synthetic pyrethroids (alpha-cypermethrin 50 g/l; alpha-cypermethrin 100 g/l; deltamethrin 25 g/l, acetamiprid 100 g/kg + lambda-cyhalotrin 30 g/kg) in reducing population of Ostrinia nubilalis from the corn agroecosystem (consisting of two semi-early hybrids DKC 4590; DKC 4670). The treatments were applied when the maximum flight curve was reached, assessments were made 10 days after the treatments and prior harvesting. The effectiveness was determined through aggressivity and yield obtained. The aggressivity of Ostrinia nubilalis was higher in the variants drilled with the DKC 4590 hybrid (80%) compared to 71.25% in the variants drilled with DKC 4670; the situation being similar at the second generation. Among synthetic pyrethroids tested alpha-cypermethrin 100 g/l proved superiority by reducing the attack of Ostrinia nubilalis up to 11.25% in the DK 4590 hybrid and 10% respectively in DKC 4670. The yield was correlated with the treatments efficacy (6.67-12.05 t/ha). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Montane grasslands must be managed effectively to conserve biodiversity since they play an important role in sustaining healthy and diversified ecosystems. A 9 km transect was used to assess plant and lepidopteran biodiversity in mountain meadows in Bilbor, Romania. Different management strategies were used in each plot. The identified plants were divided into three categories: Poaceae, Fabaceae, and other families. In the case of lepidoptera, diurnal butterfly species from three families were observed: Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae, and Pieridae. The number of plant species in the abandoned meadows was reduced, with a focus on those with low fodder value (Nardus stricta and Deschampsia flexuosa), as well as some invasive species (Vaccinium myrtillus). The implementation of protection and conservation measures resulted in species diversification, with an increase in the number of Poaceae (11 to 16 species) and Fabaceae (nine to fourteen species). In addition to providing more feed, the flora can benefit lepidopteran entomofauna. During the monitoring period, 29 species were identified from the three lepidopteran families. The most abundant species were Maniola jurtina L., Boloria selene Denis & Schif., Argynnis paphia L., Coenonympha pamphilus L. (Nymphalidae), Pseudophilotes schiffermuelleri Hemming (Lycaenidae), and Pieris mannii Mayer (Pieridae). Traditional mowing and grazing activities can help to maintain the structure and composition of these ecosystems, limiting biological succession to forest and sustaining floristic biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The horse-chestnut leaf miner - Cameraria ohridella Deschka-Dimiæ (Order: Lepidoptera, Family: Gracilariidae) is a serious threat to chestnut trees in cities, as well as a potential threat to biodiversity on the whole. In the period 2016-2017, a research was carried out to monitor and test certain products against the Cameraria ohridella species. These tests were carried out in two locations in Cluj-Napoca and Caracal. Pheromone baits traps were used in three variants (V1, V2, and V3) and were installed in four different places in U.A.S.V.M. Cluj-Napoca Campus and three other places in Constantin Poroineanu Park in Caracal. The synthesis of the pheromone baits was done at Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca. During the study it has been noted that the horse-chestnut leaf miner, generally develops three generations/year. In the Caracal area, the maximum population density is reached at the end of July - the first decade of August, and in Cluj-Napoca area in the second decade of August. The total number of adults captured during the period 2016-2017, in Cluj-Napoca is 95756 and 15977 in Caracal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many chemical and biological options exist to help manage pests and maintain healthy, productive garden plants, green plats, decorative flowers. Understanding some of the differences between chemical and biological alternatives can help to choose the best pest management approach for the problems at hand. Since the 1970s Frankliniella occidentalis has successfully invaded many countries to become one of the most important agricultural pests of ornamental, vegetable and fruit crops globally. Its invasiveness is largely attributed to the international movement of plant material and insecticide resistance, both of which have combined to foster the rapid spread of the species throughout the world. Individuals are very small and they reside in concealed places on plants; thus are easily hidden and hard to detect in transported plant material. They reproduce rapidly and are highly polyphagous, breeding on many horticultural crops that are transported around the world. Because this pest is causing a lot of damages in protected areas but also in open spaces is very important to find the more efficient methode to combate. This pest has raised great problems, and in order to prevent we used biological methods like natural predators (Amblyseius cucumeris and swirski) Nematoder, Nemazal and yellow sticky blue sticky traps. Aim of this study is to define the efficiency against Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis and Frankliniella occidentalis of the biological methods like use of natural predators, Nematoder treatments, Nemazal, pheromonal traps and use of colored traps in a protected area in Denmark, at Gartneriet Offer Madsen A/S, to analyze differences between simple glued yellow and blue traps and a combination of this with pheromone traps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to quantify the attack of Pseudomonas syringe pv glycinea in ecological conditions in Transylvania but also in different cultural conditions. Thus, observations were made regarding the frequency of attack of these bacteria in three soybean varieties, sown at different distances (25, 12.5, 50 cm). The attack of the bacterium was influenced by the soybean sowing distance. The attack frequency of this pathogen was between 9 and 25%. The lowest value of the attack was recorded in the Caro variety in the case of the 12.5 cm between rows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to monitor the cherry fruit fly, as well as for possible actions to combat it by non-chemical methods. The Entomology Department of the USAMV Cluj-Napoca in collaboration with the UBB Cluj-Napoca researchers, started a study regarding the functionality of some Semi-chemical products to attract adults of Rhagoletis cerasi L. The chemistry research laboratories synthesized them and then, under natural conditions, screening studies of their attraction power were performed. The experiment was conducted over two experimental years, 2016 and 2017. Six variants of semiochemical formulations were tested: 2-hexanone, 3-heptanone, nonanal, beta-felandren, geranil acetate and (+) -limonen. The V6 variant that blends the acetylation made most capture. Therefore, the mixture of volatile substances in this variant may present a higher level of attractiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]