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Background: To date, the effect of tar exposure, the use of a filter and the type of tobacco (light or dark) on the risk of lung cancer have not been studied together.Methods: Data from a case-control study on lung cancer were used to evaluate the specific effects of these three parameters. Cases of lung cancer and controls were interviewed in hospitals in France from 1976 to 1980. The past tar content of cigarettes distributed by the French Tobacco Monopoly was obtained. The results presented concern an exclusively male population of lifelong smokers of French cigarettes and lifelong smokers of light imported cigarettes. The population comprised 1114 cases of histologically confirmed lung cancer and 1466 hospitalized controls.Results: An increase in risk was found among smokers of both dark and light cigarettes (relative risk [RR] = 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.1-6.5) and among lifelong smokers of dark cigarettes (RR = 1.7, 95% Cl: 0.9-3.2) compared to lifelong smokers of light cigarettes. Similarly, the risk of lung cancer was higher among smokers of both non-filter and filter cigarettes (RR = 1.6, 95% Cl: 0.9-2.7) and among lifelong smokers of non-filter cigarettes (RR = 1.6, 95% Cl: 0.9-2.8) than among lifelong smokers of filter cigarettes. A borderline significant increase in risk was observed for smokers of French cigarettes compared to smokers of light imported cigarettes (RR = 2.6, 95% Cl: 0.9-7.7). No significant difference in the risk of lung cancer was observed among smokers of French cigarettes according to the proportion of years of smoking high tar cigarettes.Conclusion: This study tends to demonstrate a separate effect of type of tobacco, use of a filter and tar content in addition to the usual characteristics of cigarette smoking on lung cancer risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between the risk of breast cancer and oral contraceptive use was investigated in a case-control study conducted in France between 1983 and 1987 in five public hospitals. Some 464 cases aged 25 to 56 years and 542 matched controls were interviewed about their history of the use of oral contraceptives (OC). Results are given for the entire population and for the subgroup of 358 and 379 premenopausal cases and controls. The multivariate relative risk estimate, for ever use, was 1.5 (p<0.01) in the whole group as well as in the premenopausal subgroup (p<0.02). However, there was no evidence that the effect varied appreciably according to duration of use, age at first use, use before first full-term pregnancy (FFTP) and time since first or last use. The risk was not altered for any particular brand of OC. We conclude that, because of the widespread attention given to the relationship between OC use and breast cancer, information bias might be responsible for part of the excess in risk observed among OC ever users. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study deals with the space and time distribution of human leukaemia. It took place in seven rural French regions and concerns the six main types of leukaemias and haematosarcomas. The investigation on clustering tendency was carried out using several different methods—principally the simulation method and Knox's and Mantel's approaches. The overall analysis suggests that no clustering tendency is indicated in any and for any haematological disease. Some points which may be linked with these negative results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Competing Interests: Financial disclosures/conflicts of interest: None reported.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to report long-term follow-up of eyes undergoing Descemet stripping only (DSO)., Methods: This was a retrospective study including 26 eyes of 20 patients undergoing DSO between December 2015 and November 2022. Eligibility criteria included peripheral endothelial cell count (ECC) >1000 cells/mm 2 and symptoms caused by central guttata. Patients underwent a central circular 4-mm descemetorhexis using a reverse Sinskey hook and a pair of descemetorhexis forceps using a peeling technique. Three parameters were measured before surgery and at last follow-up: best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central corneal thickness (CCT), and ECC measured centrally and at the periphery., Results: The mean age was 73 ± 9 years [52-90 years]. The average follow-up period was 23.7 ± 24.8 months [3-84]. Twenty-two eyes responded to DSO with 20 female eyes (91%) and 2 male eyes (9%). The mean postoperative BCVA improved from 0.3 ± 0.17 logMAR to 0.09 ± 0.13 logMAR ( P value <0.05). The mean postoperative CCT decreased from 588 ± 41 μm to 546 ± 50 μm ( P -value <0.05). The mean postoperative central ECC was 780 ± 257 cells/mm 2 [484-1500]. Peripheral ECC decreased postoperatively (1837 ± 407 cells/mm 2 preoperatively to 864 ± 340 cells/mm 2 postoperatively, P value >0.05). Peripheral endothelial cell polymegathism was stable (average of 26.8% ± 6.8% preoperatively and 30.2% ± 14% postoperatively). Average peripheral endothelial cells polymorphism decreased postoperatively (63.1 ± 20.5% preoperatively to 33% ± 25% postoperatively, P value >0.05). Four eyes did not show improvement after DSO and underwent Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty surgery. There were 3 men (75%) and 1 women (25%). The preoperative trend was for nonresponders to have lower BCVA, higher CCT, more abnormal peripheral polymorphism, and polymegathism., Conclusions: The results of this study, with up to 7 years follow up, demonstrate the durability of DSO., Competing Interests: The authors have no funding or conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To describe a new technique for preparing corneal allogenic ring segments (CAIRSs) using femtosecond laser technology., Setting: Hospital Foundation Adolphe de Rothschild-Noémie de Rothschild institute, Paris, France., Design: Preclinical study conducted on human corneal grafts., Methods: The corneal grafts were mounted on an artificial chamber pressurizer (ACP) with preset constant pressure, and the FSL was used to create a circular annulus with specific dimensions. The resulting CAIRSs were analyzed for their thickness and width after air drying., Results: A total of 25 CAIRSs were prepared using the FSL. The mean width and thickness of the CAIRSs were 803 ± 77 μm and 83 ± 16 μm, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in width among the various quadrants of each CAIRS or between different CAIRSs. Significantly thicker CAIRSs were obtained with a higher ACP pressure., Conclusions: The technique of CAIRS preparation using FSL technology and controlled artificial anterior chamber pressure demonstrated reproducibility and precision. This approach holds the potential for customizing and personalizing CAIRSs based on individual corneal characteristics., (Copyright © 2024 Published by Wolters Kluwer on behalf of ASCRS and ESCRS.)

The NIMO TEMPO (Lambda-X, Nivelles, Belgium) is a novel, user-friendly and compact device designed for in vitro optical analysis of refractive and diffractive intraocular lenses (IOLs). This device analyzes the IOL wavefront and generates a synthetic eye model for numerical computation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the precision of this innovative device. Intra- and inter-observer variability were calculated using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) after conducting ten measurements of eight different IOL models, with each measurement being repeated by three distinct operators (resulting in a total of 30 measurements for each IOL). The device demonstrated satisfactory intra- and inter-observer variability in evaluating IOL power and modulation transfer function (MTF) profiles, with values of 0.066 and 0.078 diopters for IOL power and 0.018 and 0.019 for MTF measurements, respectively. Furthermore, this hybrid optical and numerical in vitro IOL wavefront analyzer appears to have several advantages over conventional optical bench devices. It reduces the need for operator manipulation, and allows for numerical modeling of various optical environments, including cornea models and apertures. In conclusion, this novel metrology device designed for refractive and diffractive IOLs appears to provide a satisfactory precision, making it a promising tool in the field of IOL metrology.

Purpose: To study the progression of keratoconus after cessation of eye rubbing with a minimum follow up of three-years., Design: Retrospective, monocentric, longitudinal cohort study of keratoconus patients with a minimum of 3 years follow-up., Participants: One hundred fifty three eyes of seventy-seven consecutive patients with keratoconus were included., Methods: Initial examination consisted of anterior and posterior segment evaluation using slit-lamp biomicroscopy. At the initial visit, patients were thoroughly informed of their pathology and instructed to stop rubbing their eyes. Eye rubbing cessation was assessed at all the follow-up visits at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, and yearly afterward. Corneal topography using the Pentacam® (Oculus®, Wetzlar, Germany) was used to obtain maximum and average anterior keratometry readings (Kmax and Kmean), as well as thinnest pachymetry (Pachymin, μm) in both eyes., Main Outcome Measures: The main outcomes measured were maximum keratometry (Kmax), mean keratometry (Kmean), and thinnest pachymetry (Pachymin) values at various time points to assess for keratoconus progression. Keratoconus progression was defined as a significant augmentation of Kmax (>1D), Kmean (>1D), or significant diminution of Pachymin (>5%) throughout the total follow-up duration., Results: One hundred fifty three eyes of seventy-seven patients (75.3% males) aged 26.4 years old, were followed for an average of 53 months. Over the course of the follow-up, there was no statistically significant variation of ∆Kmax (+0.04 ± 0.87; p  = 0.34), ∆ Kmean (+0.30 ± 0.67; p  = 0.27) nor ∆Pachymin (-4.36 ± 11.88; p  = 0.64). Among the 26 of the 153 eyes which had at least one criterion of KC progression, 25 admitted continuing eye rubbing, or other at-risk behaviors., Conclusion: This study suggests that a significant proportion of keratoconus patients are likely to remain stable if close monitoring and strict ARB cessation are achieved, without the need for further intervention., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Mazharian, Flamant, Elahi, Panthier, Rampat and Gatinel.)