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The COVID-19 pandemic uniquely affected nearly all the subject matter in a typical principles of macroeconomics class. Fluctuations in the basic macroeconomic data in the COVID era were staggering and offer new teaching opportunities. In addition, because the recession was primarily driven by supply side shocks, the entire episode offers a unique avenue to present the theoretical models of the macroeconomy. Finally, new fiscal and monetary policy responses crafted over the past two recessions need to be fully incorporated into the material of macro principles going forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

This paper aims to assess the compliance of the EU Member States with the previous debt rules over the period 2011-2023. To achieve this, we assessed two complementary criteria concerning public debt, respectively the compliance with the 60% of GDP threshold and the one related to the debt reduction rule, which indicates that Member States with public debt levels higher than 60% of GDP should reduce the difference between the level of public debt share in GDP and the 60% of GDP threshold with an average rate of 1/20 in the last three years. Further, we highlighted the reasons why the last economic governance framework was not effective and we presented the new debt rules in their revised form. more...