Search

This is the first attempt to describe and explain the varying patterns of support for football in Australia from the very early games played by First Nations people and the arrivals from overseas down to the present day. It discusses the Indigenous forms of football and the subsequent involvement of Indigenous people in the codified games of the nineteenth century. The majority of the article covers the development of spectatorship since codification and tries to bring out the distinctive features of changing Australian spectatorship where this is appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addressing intergenerational trauma caused through the impacts of colonization requires healing processes that are specific to the experiences and needs of First Nations peoples. This paper details an evaluation of two Aboriginal healing camps held in South Australia in 2021 and 2022. The camps focused on supporting members of the Stolen Generations, through a combination of First Nations and western healing practices. This paper details the framework used to structure the camps and provides an analysis of interviews with attendees. For the 2021 camp, nine attendees were interviewed before the camp and eight took part in a follow-up interview after the camp. For the 2022 camp, four attendees took part in a single time point interview. Thematic analysis of the interviews resulted in the development of five interrelated themes, focused on connections, belonging, healing, and truth-telling. The paper concludes by considering what the findings suggest for institutional change and growth in terms of future iterations of the camps, and the importance of First Nations-led opportunities for healing from intergenerational trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Given the increasing number and the diversity of dietary quality indices used for research, and the differences between settings, there is a need to identify valid indices of dietary quality in different contexts and populations and to identify their associations with health-related outcomes. Objectives The primary objective of this scoping review is to identify the tools used in determining dietary quality among First Nations and to describe the changes in diet. The second objective is to describe the associations identified in studies that have measured the relationship between health and dietary quality among First Nations; and the third objective is to identify factors associated with diet quality. Methods PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Global Health, and Web of Science were searched from inception to June 2021 and updated in February 2022. Articles were included if the research subjects were First Nations, or if articles reported disaggregated subset data for First Nations. Eligible studies focused on nutrition and diet and were published in English or French. Results A total of 151 articles were included in the analysis. Studies used several indicators to measure if individuals adhered to dietary guidelines. Traditional food consumption was frequently used as an indicator of diet quality (n = 96). The consumption of store-bought foods was used as an indicator in 28 studies. Some studies used other diet quality indicators such as the Healthy Eating Index (n = 5) and ultra-processed food "NOVA" classification (n = 6). A trend for decreasing traditional food intake over time was apparent, alongside an increase in store-bought food intake. This trend was accompanied with declining health status, including the increased prevalence of overweight and obesity, diabetes, metabolic diseases, and dental caries. Conclusion This scoping review showed that diet quality among First Nations is improved when traditional foods are consumed. Reduced diet quality was associated with increased risk of noncommunicable diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a list of recent literature in exploration history. It includes books on various topics such as the discovery of elements, the history of World War II, the impact of colonialism, the migration of different populations, and the exploration of different regions like Africa and the Americas. The books cover a wide range of perspectives and provide valuable insights into the history of exploration and its consequences. The summaries provide information about the title, author, publisher, publication year, page count, and price of each book. [Extracted from the article]

Previous archaeological evidence and published analysis has suggested that ochre was first used in the Sydney Basin around 9000 years ago, and that the Parramatta region may not have been occupied by First Nations peoples before ∼14 ka. We present new evidence which firmly places both events before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Multiple ochre fragments, two with microscopically visible evidence of anthropogenic grinding, were recovered from the George Street Gatehouse site within the Parramatta Sand Body (PSB) at Parramatta. The ground ochre was associated with a pit feature buried within the PSB and dated by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) between ∼35 and 30 ka. This find is the earliest evidence for ochre processing in the Sydney Basin by some 25000 years. A previous model for the region had proposed that occupation prior to and during the LGM was focussed on the Hawkesbury‐Nepean River corridor as a refugium, with only equivocal evidence of occupation prior to ∼14 ka at Parramatta (Williams et al., 2021). We propose that the Parramatta River could also have acted as a refugium for people moving through and occupying the now‐drowned Pleistocene coastal zone; and that those people used ochre in their symbolic expressions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research shows that U.S. college students are at risk for a variety of victimization types. College students in Canada also experience similar types of victimization compared to U.S students, yet recent research shows that Canadian students are at a greater risk than U.S. college students of being victimized. Little is known, however, as to whether college-level factors influence victimization risk and how these risks may be different for U.S. and Canadian college students. Using the American College Health Association's National College Health Assessment data (ACHA-NCHA II), the current study builds upon past research by exploring the role of both individual and school characteristics and whether they are similarly related to risk of victimization in the two populations. The findings show that Canadian students are at higher risk for victimization and that some school-level factors play a role in predicting this risk for all students, with some variation in ones that matter for each country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acknowledging Australian Indigenous cultural diversity involves respecting local Indigenous knowledge and perspectives. This can be difficult for teachers who do not know about Indigenous people and their knowledge. The Differentiated Indigenous Pedagogies project evaluated digitally available information describing Indigenous in this paper, 'Indigenous' will be used when referring to First Nations and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, pedagogies, policies, and institutional contexts in Australia apart from references used which use other terminology. The authors acknowledge the contested nature of terminology and use the term 'Indigenous' as it is consistent with the title of the research project on which this article is based pedagogies in the Northern Territory. The purpose was to consolidate findings to increase positive intercultural actions in the wider education community. An important aspect of the project is addressing gaps in western, non-Indigenous teacher knowledge pertinent to the diversity within Indigenous language groups and regions. Through searching for available Indigenous pedagogies as a teacher might, we found information differs in description and levels of relationality. Pedagogies are presented in numerous ways which complicates teachers' cultural understandings. Common themes from search results and Indigenist educational research are used to define ways teachers can actively engage in more respectful, relational, and reconciliatory ways to develop a differentiated approach for themselves to use when working with Indigenous pedagogies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses two books, "Empire News: The Anglo-Indian Press Writes India" by Priti Joshi and "Writing the Empire: The McIlwraiths, 1853–1948" by Eva-Marie Kröller, which explore the British colonial world from different perspectives. Joshi's book focuses on the Indo-British press during the high noon of the British Raj, examining the interactions between English-language and vernacular press in India. Kröller's book, on the other hand, offers a biographical examination of the McIlwraith family, who spread across various English-speaking colonies and played different roles in colonial structures. Both books shed light on the complexities of colonial spaces and the ways in which communication structures shaped identities and communities. [Extracted from the article]

The strawberry is connected to heart teachings for many Indigenous people. The strawberry plant produces beautiful things. However, when exploring the topic of Indigenous women and heart health, the focus of the conversation is most often around deficits. Indigenous women have diseases related to the heart at a higher proportion than both non-Indigenous women and Indigenous men. There is a lack of understanding specific nations' relationships to heart, and there is little to no research available specific to Mi'kmaw (adjective for a Mi'kmaq (First Nations people, Atlantic provinces, Canada, who call themselves L'nu) person) women and heart health. The focus of this Mi'kmaq research, which aligned with community-based participatory research, was to explore and gain a better understanding of what heart means to Mi'kmaw women on the west coast of Newfoundland, Canada. Four Mi'kmaw women joined the research and shared their experiences to co-create knowledge about heart health. This knowledge in turn shaped my understanding of nursing practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by the author's experience of working at Sanam Temple, a 1st millennium b.c. site in northern Sudan previously excavated at the beginning of the 20th century a.d., this paper attempts to reframe current archaeologists' attitudes towards the backdirt of their predecessors. Using a symmetrical archaeology framework, it centers the concept of backdirt and analyzes it as a means by which different time periods and actors at the site influence each other, drawing them together into a network of relations. The strength of the relationship between these entities, facilitated through backdirt, produces surprising echoes and parallels across different historical periods, including between current and past archaeologists. Though backdirt is disdained, ignored, or rejected by different actors in the temple, it in fact repeatedly acts as a focus for creative engagement at the site and opens up new avenues of interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Indigenous Peoples: First Nations, Métis and Inuit, have experienced significant disruptions of physical, mental, emotional and spiritual health and well-being through centuries of ongoing colonization and assimilation. Consequently, breakdown of cultural connections, increasingly sedentary lifestyles and high levels of screen time contribute to health inequity experiences. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine associations of cultural connectedness with sedentary behaviour and the influence of relocation from home communities for Indigenous Peoples in Saskatchewan. Methods: Cultural connectedness, sedentary and screen time behaviour were evaluated through online questionnaires among 106 Indigenous adults. Within Indigenous identities, 2 × 2 factorial ANOVA compared cultural connectedness scores with sedentary behaviour and traditional activity participation by relocation from home communities. Results: Among First Nations and specifically Cree/Nehiyawak who relocated from home communities, positive associations of cultural connectedness scores with sedentary behaviour and screen time were identified, with no associations identified among those not relocating. Among Métis who did not relocate, greater ethnic identity, identity, spirituality and cultural connectedness (57.8 ± 5.36 vs. 81.25 ± 16.8; p = 0.02) scores were reported among those reporting 5 or more hours of continuous sitting. Conclusions: Cultural connectedness associations with sedentary behaviour depend on relocation from home communities and differ between First Nations and Métis. Understanding associations of sedentary behaviour specific to First Nations and Métis populations may enable appropriate strategies to improve health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Culture mediates how all people think and communicate and intercultural communication skills are required for effective collaboration. This study (2017–2021) explored intercultural communication with 40 participants in one very remote First Nations Australian community in Northern Australia. We explored the perspectives of both Yolŋu (First Nations Australian people from North-East Arnhem Land) and Balanda (non-Indigenous people, in this case Australian) on interactions during early childhood assessments of Yolŋu children (0–6 years). Our intercultural research team used a culturally responsive form of video-reflexive ethnography, a Yolŋu approach to in-depth discussion and collaborative analysis. In this article, we explore nine intercultural communication processes that were recognized and enacted by study participants. Each process is represented by a metaphor drawn from water traveling in North-East Arnhem Land. We share these processes so that others may consider exploring their relevance in other intercultural communication contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 'Global Sporting Arms Race' is the term that describes the competition among different countries to succeed in international sports competitions. The development of that peaceful competition determines two outputs: an increase in soft power at the international level and a promotion of the national identity and social impact. It means increasing the level of influence that the countries obtain internationally as a cornerstone of the concept of a sporting nation with a proud and healthy population. In order to explain the factors involved in the success of a sports system at the elite level, a systematic review was carried out based on the PRISMA protocol in the databases Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. The findings of the study show that the factors that determine success at the international level have received increased attention, as shown by the number of publications since 2010. The results indicate the following research factors: (1) it was observed that most researchers tend to carry out comprehensive analyses with a holistic perspective, while the UK, Australia, Canada, and Spain carry out segmented analyses; (2) Olympic sports—especially athletics—were the most analysed; while in non-Olympic sports, those with social influence predominate in countries, such as netball; (3) the analysis of meso and micro factors is preferred over macro factors; (4) quantitative studies are preferred through the analysis of primary sources, such as official reports; and (5) the economic variable is the most common input, with medals reached at the elite level being the most used output to check the correlation or significativity of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a bibliography that includes a wide range of academic sources related to various topics in British Columbia. The sources cover subjects such as indigenous languages, leadership, feminism, fisheries, international relations, climate change, tourism, healthcare, colonialism, cultural identity, intergenerational memory, energy futures, nursing experiences, electric vehicle adoption, women's advocacy, mental health support, urban policing, Indigenous healthcare, labor history, and literary analysis. The bibliography provides a diverse range of perspectives and research topics for library patrons conducting research on specific subjects in British Columbia. [Extracted from the article]

This article provides an overview of the life and work of George Clutesi, an Indigenous artist and activist from the Tseshaht First Nation. Clutesi played a significant role in advocating for the recognition and support of First Nations culture, particularly through his involvement in the repeal of Potlatch laws. His artistic and literary works, such as "Son of Raven, Son of Deer" and "Potlatch," highlight themes of hospitality and promote sharing and survival. The article also discusses the reception of Clutesi's work by non-Indigenous critics and the ongoing debate about sharing cultural practices with outsiders. Clutesi's storytelling approach invites readers to participate in the events described in his narratives and emphasizes the responsibility of witnessing. His work has had a significant impact on the revitalization of Nuu-chah-nulth cultural knowledge and has inspired younger generations of Indigenous scholars. [Extracted from the article]

This article explores the founding and financing of national Indigenous organizations during the shift in Canadian politics towards the ideal of participatory democracy during the late 1960s and early 1970s. It investigates the emergence of two separate organizations, the National Indian Brotherhood (nib) for "status Indians" and the Native Council of Canada (ncc) for "non-status Indians" and Métis, following the collapse of the pan-Indigenous National Indian Council (nic) in 1968. It highlights the key role that funding played in the structuring of national-level Indigenous politics but argues that accepting federal funding did not simply equate to government control. Instead, both the nib and ncc successfully resisted and – in limited ways – shaped federal policies towards Indigenous peoples. The issue of federal funding opened questions regarding Indigenous rights and self-determination, concepts that were employed in differing ways by the leaders of these organizations and federal officials. While marking a stark shift away from the earlier suppression of Indigenous political movements, federal funding was used to integrate different Indigenous groups as citizens into the Canadian settler state. Nevertheless, federal funding served not only to limit, but also to expand, the practical possibilities of Indigenous organizing, with political leaders recasting government money as the right of Indigenous peoples and a tool for self-determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mary Graham and Morgan Brigg provide a compelling foundation for developing Indigenous diplomacy for Australia, pointing to principled pragmatism and the integrity of a 'relationalism' grounded in landscape. However, Indigenous diplomacy and First Nations foreign policy will be difficult to translate into practice. This is not least because of the diplomatic tension which consistent First Nations advocacy would bring in a region of sovereignty sensitivities, including with regard to some of Australia's most important foreign relationships: Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and China. A First Nations foreign policy offers significant potential advantages for Australia, such as reinforcing environmental stewardship while projecting the image of a nation reconciled with the land's custodians and neighbours alike. Difficult work lies ahead, informed by a principled pragmatism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the importance of recognizing and engaging with the diverse diplomacies and political ordering of First Nations peoples in Australia. It challenges the dominant approach to International Relations (IR) scholarship and international affairs practice, emphasizing the need to unlearn traditional ways of thinking about and doing diplomacy. The article acknowledges the challenges and complexities of this task, including the impact of colonization on Aboriginal ways of knowing and being. It also highlights the potential for meaningful engagement with Indigenous diplomacy, both within Australia and in the broader Pacific region. [Extracted from the article]

This article examines the impact of True Justice, a unique continuing legal education programme introduced in 2022 to increase cultural competency in legal practitioners. The programme achieves its purpose via the incorporation of First Nations principles and pedagogies, taking participants beyond the university classroom to learn deep listening on Country. The feedback from participants in the programme in April and May 2022 reveals the powerful experiences that are possible when the university classroom is abandoned in favour of place-based, trauma-informed learning. Incorporating not only First Nations perspectives but also pedagogies is particularly important in the legal profession, where, if these are ignored, practitioners and educators risk reproducing colonial models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

First Nations, Inuit, and Métis, Indigenous peoples in Canada, have long experienced racism within health services resulting in a health service system that many Indigenous people in Canada do not want to access. Research informing Indigenous health services must consider how findings and analysis happen within the community, what information is shared, and how it improves access to health services. Information shared in Indigenous research methods was communicated at the end and throughout the project. Indigenous knowledge mobilization in Indigenous research methods requires researchers to receive knowledge from the community and research participants. Also, knowledge sharing and moving into practice happen continuously throughout the research process. These qualities of Indigenous knowledge mobilization facilitate increasing accessibility to health services through Indigenous knowledge identified in research. This article describes an Indigenous knowledge mobilization framework that may be adapted within Indigenous communities looking to make transparent how Indigenous knowledge is incorporated within health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Australia endorsed the UN Sustainable Development Goals in 2015. In 2017, its Senate established a committee to satisfy itself of the goals' benefits, opportunities, and costs to the country. Although beyond its terms of reference, the committee also found that the goals were consistent with ill-defined national values. This article uses the committee's report as a framework for assessing the relationship between normative political values and the practical scope that exists for Indigenous self-determination. While prevailing political values mean that such scope is limited, it is also true that when the sustainable development goals are interpreted with reference to the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, further possibilities for meaningful independent political influence may be developed. These include the proposal to entrench a First Nations' Voice to Parliament, which this article presents as reflecting a value of inclusion that is substantively different from the values that the Senate inquiry identified and endorsed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: First Nations peoples experience disproportionate health inequities compared to most non-Indigenous populations. Historical trauma is one factor that has received growing attention in relation to health inequities among First Nations populations. The goal of the present study was to improve understanding of the specific forms, impacts, and mechanisms of transmission of events that lead to historical trauma and the historical trauma response in First Nations peoples. Method: Five focus groups were conducted among adult members of one First Nations community in Canada (N = 34; 70.4% female). Results: Conventional content analysis revealed the numerous forms that historical trauma take in this First Nations community; individual-, familial-, community-, and societal-level impacts of historical trauma; and ways in which historical trauma has been transmitted in this community. Loss of culture, alcohol use, and parenting were major themes identified across these domains. Conclusions: Findings provide important information on the experience of historical trauma in one First Nations community, highlighting the roles of loss of culture; alcohol use; and parenting in the forms, impacts, and transmission of historical trauma. What is the public health significance of this article?: This study provides important information on the experience of historical trauma in one reserve-dwelling First Nations community. Results highlight the roles of loss of culture, alcohol use, and parenting in historical trauma. An important next step is to use this Indigenous knowledge to guide the development and rigorous evaluation of a culturally grounded, trauma-informed intervention that addresses historical trauma among First Nations peoples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using data from several census periods, we examine whether the establishment of casinos affects employment in the Prairie Provinces of Canada. Using a standard two-way fixed effects (TWFE) estimator, we find some limited evidence that census subdivisions (CSDs) that opened casinos experienced increases in employment. However, given recent research questioning the robustness of TWFE results in circumstances similar to ours, we use a multi-period Callaway and Sant'Anna difference-in-differences (CSDID) module and find that the estimated employment effects are much reduced. Furthermore, a key hypothesis that employment in CSDs with and without casinos evolved similarly before the establishment of casinos is rejected. This parallel-trends assumption is required to infer a causal relationship regarding the establishment of casinos and changes in employment. A central issue that arises is whether the five-year census period is sufficient to determine whether CSDs with and without casinos have the same event study dynamics. We also find that identifying the benefits of First Nations casinos for First Nations people is challenging because urban reserves do not constitute a separate CSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the touring exhibition "Disrupt, Persist, Invent: Australians in an Ever-Changing World" at the National Archives of Australia. The exhibition explores the personal stories of individuals involved in effecting social change in Australia, focusing on documents and written records. It also includes photographs, posters, video installations, and other objects to supplement the stories. The exhibition is divided into thematic sections and offers a family trail and activity book for younger visitors. While the exhibition is praised for its nuanced approach and focus on women and First Nations people, some critics argue that it lacks a comprehensive examination of protest movements and does not address certain controversial events. Despite being a lesser-known venue, the National Archives of Australia is commended for persistently telling the stories of Australia and its people through its extensive archives. [Extracted from the article]

This article investigates the first exhibition of Aboriginal art to be shown in a state art gallery, the Art Gallery of Western Australia, in 1957. The curators were anthropologists Ronald and Catherine Berndt. The exhibition was held when there was a growing interest in Aboriginal art, its links to national identity and the need to exhibit it to educate viewers about the art. The legacies of this exhibition are various including that it signalled a museological shift from anthropological modes of curating Aboriginal art to an aesthetic approach, and it began a conversation between curators, anthropologists, and art historians, and more recently with First Nations curators, about which approaches to employ in presenting Aboriginal art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Web-based multilingual tools to facilitate communication between Local and Indigenous Communities is an environmental technology approach emerging under the United Nations Biodiversity Global Agenda. To better address present climate resilience-building challenges in the current smart world, this contribution presents innovative avenues leading to the development of the « e-GIS Smart, Inclusive, and, Climate-resilient Indigenous Peoples Landscape and Community Clearing-House Mechanism Solution » which is meant to be used in the mobile-friendly website environment and the e-app environment. This technology policy paper shows that digital GIS, remote sensing products of observation satellites, and smartphone applications products derived from telecommunication satellites can help facilitate Indigenous Peoples' contribution to climate resilience-building within their territories in terms of biodiversity and within their communities in terms of poverty eradication throughout the implementation of the United Nations Indigenous Peoples' Affairs Global Agenda. The methodology used consists, therefore, of a plural technology interface that promises, among many other benefits, to facilitate Indigenous Peoples' participation in decision-making processes. This research reminds us of the importance of state responsibility in these matters. It shows the importance of Indigenous Peoples' participation in the implementation of global instances' agendas through national reporting. It highlights the key role of Indigenous information decolonization and governance as principles of Indigenous Peoples' sovereignty over Indigenous information. The results of this research are illustrated with case studies, when possible, to show the potential of the Solution to achieve its goals in climate resilience-building in Indigenous Peoples Landscapes and Communities with Indigenous Peoples and the financial support of state governments and inter-governmental institutions. In Canada, the use of the Solution to move forward in the Indigenous Peoples Affairs' agenda, has the potential, among others, to enhance the expected outcome of the Canadian First Nations Data Governance Strategy (FNDGS) which is adopted as a response to an evolving smart planet to ensure no First Nation is left behind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Failings in providing continuity of care following an acute event for a chronic disease contribute to care inequities for First Nations Peoples in Australia, Canada, and Aotearoa (New Zealand). Methods: A rapid narrative review, including primary studies published in English from Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Central, concerning chronic diseases (cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and related complications), was conducted. Barriers and enablers to continuity of care for First Nations Peoples were explored considering an empirical lens from the World Health Organization framework on integrated person-centred health services. Results: Barriers included a need for more community initiatives, health and social care networks, and coaching and peer support. Enabling strategies included care adapted to patients' cultural beliefs and behavioural, personal, and family influences; continued and trusting relationships among providers, patients, and caregivers; and provision of flexible, consistent, adaptable care along the continuum. Discussion: The support and co-creation of care solutions must be a dialogical participatory process adapted to each community. Conclusions: Health and social care should be harmonised with First Nations Peoples' cultural beliefs and family influences. Sustainable strategies require a co-design commitment for well-funded flexible care plans considering coaching and peer support across the lifespan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is one result of Indigenous-led collaboration that challenges the erasure of Indigenous people in the history of Newfoundland. It argues that, during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Mi'kmaw community members were historical actors living in relationship with the land and waters that sustained them. They challenged encroachments onto their territory and travellers' ideas about the Mi'kmaq, and they lived their own lives in their own territory with dignity, knowledge, skills, and humour. It is possible to discern these characteristics of Mi'kmaw life even within the historical record, written almost exclusively by white men, that focuses mainly on non-Indigenous people's experiences. The article examines both writing deemed literature and writing deemed non-fiction, demonstrating that both can interrupt the historical erasure of Indigenous peoples and relationships to territory. Historians can learn from, and be inspired by, writers and scholars in a number of disciplines who, like historians, grapple with how to be responsible storytellers in the present-day while offering insight into the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The First Nations and Métis Organ Donation and Transplantation Network (the Network) facilitates Indigenous-driven, culturally-informed, and safe research, policies, education, and advocacy regarding organ donation and transplantation through the building of collective intelligence among Indigenous peoples in Canada. The Network's think tank comprises Indigenous Elders, thought leaders, and persons with lived experiences of organ donation—living donors and organ recipients—as well as healthcare professionals, outreach workers, and university-based researchers. The Network responds to the failure of governmental institutions to reduce health disparities facing Indigenous peoples, and the dispersal of Indigenous collective intelligence caused by changing federal or provincial and territorial leadership and priorities. The collective intelligence of Indigenous peoples regarding end-stage organ failure and organ donation and transplantation is central to improving patient experiences, increasing the number of Indigenous organ donors and recipients, and finding pathways for advancing healthcare reforms that prevent and treat end-stage organ failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Student affairs and services has a long history in higher education and associations followed suit to assist in the efforts of professionalization. This region differs in that in the US and Canada there are many specialized associations for certain functions in SAS but this report examines the works of four of the most established associations in three countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the implications of establishing a northern corridor on soft infrastructure in the North and near North regions. Topics discussed include soft infrastructure deficits, challenges related to transportation in sparsely settled areas, the potential for hard infrastructure development, and the importance of community engagement, education, and policies to ensure equitable benefits and support for northern communities.

In much of the Western world, collaborative research undertaken by settler archaeologists readily lends itself, at least in part, to a continuation of the colonial project. Yet, against this backdrop, Australia's First Nations' peoples continue to work with researchers and to drive systemic change in research practice. Community-engaged archaeology, defined here as codeveloped studies of ancestral places (following Schaepe et al. 2017), is directed to improving relationships between Indigenous peoples and archaeologists. Even so, the practice of archaeology with and for nonsettler communities remains underdeveloped with regard to institutional priorities and funding agency bureaucracies. Here, we (Mirarr Traditional Owners, Mirarr employees, and settler archaeologist researchers) reflect on these issues as part of our ongoing research on the ochres and bim (rock art) of the well-known Madjedbebe rockshelter in the Alligator Rivers region, Northern Territory, Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an introduction to the theme issue "Archaeology of Service." We explore how performing service in archaeology articulates with the concepts and practices of community-based archaeology, collaborative archaeology, and the Archaeologies of the Heart projects and their larger purposes of approaching work through a lens of social and environmental justice. We introduce seven articles that describe working in communities around the world, including the Bininj of the Gundjeihmi Aboriginal Corporation in the Northwest Territory of Australia; the Bunun of the Lakulaku River Basin in Taiwan; the Passamaquoddy Nation in Maine (USA); people from 21 First Nations in the province of Ontario, Canada; the diverse communities of Oklahoma (USA); the African American community in Bolivar, Texas (USA); and the people of San Cristóbal Island in the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. The articles are tied together by the common theme of collaborative work that is built through relationships of trust and is conducted in ways that strive to change the institutional and educational structures in which archaeology is practiced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses two books, "Empire News: The Anglo-Indian Press Writes India" by Priti Joshi and "Writing the Empire: The McIlwraiths, 1853–1948" by Eva-Marie Kröller, which explore the British colonial world from different perspectives. Joshi's book focuses on the Indo-British press during the high noon of the British Raj, examining the complex interactions between English-language and vernacular press in India. Kröller's book, on the other hand, offers a biographical examination of the McIlwraith family, who spread across various English-speaking colonies and played diverse roles in colonial structures. Both books shed light on the ways in which colonial communication structures shaped personal and communal identities. [Extracted from the article]

BACKGROUND: For 60 y, the people of Asubpeeschoseewagong Anishinabek (Grassy Narrows First Nation) have endured the effects of massive mercury (Hg) contamination of their river system, central to their traditions, culture, livelihood, and diet. In the years following the Hg discharge into the English-Wabigoon River system by a chloralkali plant in the early 1970s, there was a dramatic increase in youth suicides. Several authors attributed this increase solely to social disruption caused by the disaster. OBJECTIVE: This research examined the possible contribution of Hg exposure across three generations on attempted suicides among today's children (5-11 y old) and youth (12-17 y old), using a matrilineal intergenerational paradigm. METHODS: Information from the 2016-2017 Grassy Narrows Community Health Assessment (GN-CHA) survey was merged with Hg biomonitoring data from government surveillance programs (1970-1997). Data from 162 children/youth (5-17 years of age), whose mothers (푛=80) had provided information on themselves, their parents, and children, were retained for analyses. Direct and indirect indicators of Hg exposure included a) grandfather had worked as a fishing guide, and b) mother's measured and estimated umbilical cord blood and childhood hair Hg and her fish consumption during pregnancy with this child. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine significant links from grandparents (G0) to mothers' exposure and mental health (G1) and children/youth (G2) risk for attempted suicide. RESULTS: Mothers' (G1) median age was 33 y, 86.3% of grandmothers (G0) had lived in Grassy Narrows territory during their pregnancy, and 52.5% of grandfathers (G0) had worked as fishing guides. Sixty percent of children (G2) were <12 years of age. Mothers reported that among teenagers (G2: 12-17 years of age), 41.2% of girls and 10.7% of boys had ever attempted suicide. The SEM suggested two pathways that significantly linked grandparents (G0) to children's (G2) attempted suicides: a) through mothers' (G1) prenatal and childhood Hg exposure and psychological distress, and b) through maternal fish consumption during pregnancy (G1/G2), which is an important contributor to children's emotional state and behavior. DISCUSSION: Despite minimal individual information on G0 and G1 past life experiences, the findings support the hypothesis that Hg exposure over three generations contributes to the mental health of today's children and youth. The prevalence of Grassy Narrows youth ever having attempted suicide is three times that of other First Nations in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Mapping Possibility: Finding Purpose and Hope in Community Planning" by Leonie Sandercock is an autobiographical review of Sandercock's intellectual life and its intersection with her personal experiences. The book includes papers and book chapters from different stages of her academic career, as well as new material based on her recent work with the Haida Gwai community in western Canada. Sandercock emphasizes the importance of narratives and storytelling in planning, and encourages practitioners to engage with their hearts as well as their minds. She also explores the concept of "deep difference" and the experiences of marginalized communities, advocating for a transformation of dominant western cultures and a more holistic understanding of the world. The book serves as a reminder of Sandercock's inspiring work and offers valuable insights for those studying and practicing community planning. [Extracted from the article]

In December 2022, the Supreme Court of Canada heard arguments in a reference case about the constitutionality of An Act respecting First Nations, Inuit and Métis children, youth and families (the Act). At issue is whether the Act infringes on provincial jurisdiction and changes the constitutional architecture by giving First Nations law governing child welfare the force of federal law. In this short Currents article, we argue that the Supreme Court's consideration of the Act marks a critical juncture in the ongoing relationship between Canadian and Indigenous law. Through an examination of the arguments made before the Supreme Court, we assert that it is essential that the Court move beyond its historical commitments to protecting the Constitution and umpiring jurisdictional disputes and toward a recognition of the failures of the constitutional framework to account for an expansive understanding of inherent rights and inherent jurisdiction, including child welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Canada and the United States are among the most similar countries in the world, some scholars contend there are deep, enduring value differences separating Canadians from Americans. Lipset, for example, attributes this cultural "continental divide" principally to the origins of the two societies—respectively, the revolution in the United States and the resulting counter-revolution in the colonies to the north—and argues that value differences between Canadians and Americans have endured. Other scholars contend that Lipset's focus on cross-national differences neglects important within-nation variation. Grabb and Curtis, for example, argue that cross-national differences are largely the product of wide divergence in the values of Francophone Québec and the American South, while English Canada and the northern United States display strong similarities. Using survey data drawn from university students in Grabb and Curtis's four regions, our analysis tests these competing arguments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored intercultural communication from the perspectives of partners from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds. We used a culturally responsive form of video-reflexive ethnography to study intercultural communication processes between Yolŋu, pronounced Yolngu (First Nations people from the region that is now called North-East Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia) and Balanda (non-Indigenous people). Yolŋu and Balanda researchers worked collaboratively throughout the study (2017–2021). In a very remote Yolŋu community in northern Australia, five early childhood assessment interactions were recorded and analysed by the 40 Yolŋu and Balanda participants. Researchers analysed data collaboratively using an approach aligned with constructivist grounded theory. We connected key research findings about intercultural communication processes to a place-based metaphor which foregrounds Yolŋu cultural knowledge and encourages reflection on deeper ways of thinking about how we connect, collaborate and communicate interculturally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding what culturally safe care means to First Nations people is the first step to reimagining how healthcare can be conceived and operationalized. This study explored the meaning of culturally safe cancer care with Algonquins of Pikwakanagan First Nation in Canada, including community members' perceptions of barriers to receiving it. Two focus groups using journey mapping were held with cancer survivors and family members (n = 16) and healthcare providers (n = 12), followed by individual interviews (n = 13). Discussions were video-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analysed. Culturally safe cancer care encompassed: (a) family and community, (b) culture as healing, and (c) stories for sharing cultural teachings. Ongoing systemic racism was described as prevalent in cancer care today and a significant barrier to culturally safe care. Further research is needed for health system change to dismantle the systemic and structural factors that continue to make healthcare unsafe and harm Indigenous People. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Municipal solid waste management approaches in Canadian First Nations have not considered the culture of communities. However, First Nations' way of life is ingrained in their culture. This research examined whether the culture of First Nations impacts municipal solid waste management. A qualitative case study of Peguis First Nation, Manitoba, and Heiltsuk Nation, British Columbia, was conducted, involving 52 semi-structured interviews. Results revealed that avoiding waste, taking care of one another, protecting the land, respecting the land, and connection to the land were cultural factors that influenced participants' municipal solid waste management efforts. Nonetheless, participants indicated that applying these cultural factors to municipal solid waste is not widespread because of culture loss; hence, programs that improve the understanding of culture and highlight the importance of cultural beliefs, values, and teachings in managing waste should be developed. The research concludes that cultural solutions need to be pursued to complement other solutions that aim to improve municipal solid waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Indigenous peoples in Canada experience higher rates of diabetes and worse outcomes than non-Indigenous populations in Canada. Strategies are needed to address underlying health inequities and improve access to quality diabetes care. As part of the national FORGE AHEAD Research Program, this study explores two primary healthcare teams' quality improvement (QI) process of developing and implementing strategies to improve the quality of diabetes care in First Nations communities in Canada. Methods: This study utilized a community-based participatory and qualitative case study methodology. Multiple qualitative data sources were analyzed to understand: (1) how knowledge and information was used to inform the teams' QI process; (2) how the process was influenced by the context of primary care services within communities; and (3) the factors that supported or hindered their QI process. Results: The findings of this study demonstrate how teams drew upon multiple sources of knowledge and information to inform their QI work, the importance of strengthening relationships and building relationships with the community, the influence of organizational support and capacity, and the key factors that facilitated QI efforts. Conclusions: This study contributes to the ongoing calls for research in understanding the process and factors affecting the implementation of QI strategies, particularly within Indigenous communities. The knowledge generated may help inform community action and the future development, implementation and scale-up of QI programs in Indigenous communities in Canada and globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over millennia, and right across the globe, people have invested time and energy to create cultural landscapes that revolve around or incorporate powerful stones. Questions about the structured nature, distribution, source, or placement of stones (both within physical and meta‐physical worlds), pose intriguing theoretical and methodological challenges. Emic and etic perspectives may provide additional insights into the complex (often animate) nature of the stone, the purpose of which varied radically between communities. In this special number of Archaeology in Oceania we explore some of the ways in which First Nations and non‐Indigenous archaeologists address these potent features and objects, across widely varying chrono‐cultural contexts in the Australia–Pacific region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interview with Timothy Dueck, a social work practitioner and researcher, is presented. Topics include the importance of understanding the diverse terminology, demographics, and specific interventions relevant to Indigenous populations in substance use treatment; and the impact of historical trauma, including the residential school system, on substance use disorders among Indigenous peoples in Canada.

Dramatic increases to the use of probation, particularly over the 1980–2010 period, have been identified across many Western nations. Yet Canada has experienced a very different trajectory. The volume of probation sentences imposed in Canada has declined substantially over the past 30 years. This article employs national data from the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey and Integrated Criminal Court Survey to identify factors that have contributed to this unique trend. Unlike other nations, Canada has not introduced a series of new community-based sanctions, nor has it widely embraced tough-on-crime policies. Results of the analyses in this study show that the decline in probation has come about during a period where there have been decreases in the crime rate, the volume of cases entering the court system, and the proportion of cases resulting in a guilty finding. Conversely, there has been a greater tendency for judges to include probation as part of sentencing dispositions, yet the volume of probation sentences has nevertheless declined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a summary of Canadian First Nations writing and publishing within the context of Native American literature, with references to the entire area of Western Hemisphere Native writing. Admittedly, some readers and scholars will notice the omission of certain writers and their works, but it is maintained that this is somewhat the essence of the article: Native writing in the Western Hemisphere is still in the process of being identified, read, and recognized as such. Thus this article underpins the notion that the work of recognizing and categorizing such work is a continuing, necessary, and wonderful endeavor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premier of Alberta Danielle Smith's comments comparing the Alberta Sovereignty within a United Canada Act to the Indian Act have sparked widespread outrage and condemnation. Premier Smith would later clarify that these remarks were intended to demonstrate that Alberta and First Nations have a "common problem" with Ottawa. In this brief article, we argue that these comments, as well as the act itself, can be analyzed using Jerald Sabin's contested colonialism framework. We then provide a brief critical discussion of what our analysis means for Canadian politics by addressing the possible intentions and harms of the comments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]