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Tunics hyperplasia of blood vessels can be quantified by a range of techniques that relate to modifications of area or thickness on histological sections. We studied hyperplasia of tunics of coronary arteries in a fish species, Rachycentron canadum for establishing the relationship between tunics and luminal obstruction by morphometry. The morphometric analysis was performed on 158 arterial vessels of 40 fish samples. The histological slides of cardiac and vascular tissue were stained using hematoxylin and eosin and observed under an optical microscope. The data relating to the proportion of the lumen area compared to the area of the tunic media were analyzed according to Beta regression models. The lumen proportion showed a decreasing relationship with weight and length of the analyzed animals. A linear relationship was not observed between lumen proportion and areas and/or radius of arterial tunics. It is concluded that the increase in weight gain contributes to a reduction of lumen area, leading to arterial obstruction without increasing or decreasing relationship between the proportion of vascular lumen and the thickness of arterial tunics. The set of abnormalities described are likely to be attributed to nutritional factors during the fish cultivation.

Epulis refere-se a qualquer tumor ou crescimento semelhante no tecido gengival e é considerado o mais frequente de massas bucais benignas em cães. Epulis é classificado em quatro tipos com base em características histológicas: células fibromáticas, ossificantes, acantomatosas e gigantes. O objetivo do presente estudo foi apresentar conhecimento sobre tumores e epúlides bucais benignos, além de relatar um caso clínico de epúlsis osificante em um cão macho (Labrador) com 25 meses de idade. O plano de tratamento integrado iniciou-se com uma investigação diagnóstica através de exames hematológicos, bioquímicos e serológicos para o estudo de anticorpos para ehrlichiosis, anaplasmose, dirofilíase e doença de Lyme, bem como eletrocardiograma e radiografias intraorais e torácicas, seguido da remoção do tumor suspeito Massa através de biópsia excisional. A amostra foi enviada para análise histopatológica para o diagnóstico definitivo, que confirmou epulis ossificante. Em conclusão, a cirurgia foi o tratamento de escolha e apenas uma análise histopatológica pode confirmar o tipo de neoplasia oral e prognóstico.

Bioassays are essential in detecting resistant animals based on standardized challenge tests. A controlled bioassay system for Infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) was developed through two methods of infection, by ingestion and injection, in Litopenaeus vannamei. For ingestion bioassays, shrimp (2–3.9 g) were exposed to four feeding infection treatments (feeding with infected tissue-FIT without stress; FITS-salinity stress; FITES-temperature and salinity stresses and FITA-alkalinity stress). No signs of disease were observed and 30 % of the animals were infected, with FITS treatment exhibited the higher proportion of infected animals (p ≤ 0.05). In the injection treatments, a stock inoculum was quantified (viral load of 9.82 × 105 IMNV copies µg−1 of total RNA) and a tenfold serial dilution was tested at 28 °C and, from 10−5 to 10−9 at 26 °C. Over 60 % of infected animals were obtained for dilutions between 10−5 and 10−7 at 28 °C, while at 26 °C; these values ranged from 30 to 50 %, with a clear effect of low water temperature in reducing the proportion of infected shrimp. In general, higher survival probabilities of infected shrimp were achieved 5 days after exposure, followed by a quick decrease at the tenth day post-inoculation. Median infectious dose (ID50) was determined between 2.44 × 10−8 and 1.19 × 10−7 at 28 °C and between 1.76 × 10−6 and 1.28 × 10−5 at 26 °C for 15 days post-infection, respectively. Injection treatments based on known infectious dose were the most reliable method of estimating viral infectivity for IMNV selection. Moreover, FITS treatment was identified as an environmental risk factor, contributing to increase in IMNV infection prevalence.

PURPOSE: To evaluate hepatic morphological-histological abnormalities in newborns from female rats exposed to ethylenethiourea. METHODS: A randomized study was conducted on fifty-five newborn Wistar rats were studied: 34 in the experimental group, whose mothers had been exposed to 1% ethylenethiourea; and 21 in the control group, whose mothers had received 0.9% physiological solution. The solution was administered via gavage on the 11th day of gestation. Cesarean section was performed on the 20th day of gestation. The newborns' livers were examined and any morphological-histological abnormalities were registered. The presence of megakaryocytes was quantified in 50 microscope fields, as the total number of these cells per mm². RESULTS: The entire experimental group presented abnormalities of embryonic formation, with musculoskeletal anomalies, digestive system anomalies, hepatic congestion and friability, hydrops and delayed intrauterine growth. The histopathological analysis showed that morphological-histological hepatic destructuring had occurred in all entire experimental with removal of the hepatic trabeculae and severe hepatic megakaryocytosis. The mean megakaryocyte density ranged from 107.9 to 114.2 per mm², and it was eight times greater than in the control group, thus characterizing a situation of extramedullary hematopoiesis. CONCLUSION: The fetal exposure to ethylenethiourea caused hepatic damage characterized by severe extramedullary hematopoiesis. OBJETIVO: Avaliar alterações hepáticas morfohistológicas em recém-nascidos de ratas prenhes expostas à etilenotioureia. MÉTODOS: Realizado ensaio randomizado em animais de experimentação, onde foram estudados 55 recém-nascidos de ratas Wistar, 34 do Grupo Experimento, expostas a etilenotioureia 1% e 21 do Grupo Controle, em que a rata prenhe recebeu solução fisiológica 0,9%, ambos por gavagem no 11º dia de gestação. Realizada no 20º dia de gestação cesariana, analisados os fígados dos recém-nascidos e registradas as alterações morfohistológicas. Realizou-se a quantificação dos megacariócitos em 50 campos microscópicos, avaliando a quantidade total destas células por mm². RESULTADOS: Todos os recém-nascidos do Grupo Experimento apresentaram alterações na formação embrionária, com anomalias musculoesqueléticas, anormalidades do sistema digestório, congestão e friabilidade hepática, hidropisia e crescimento intrauterino retardado. A análise histopatológica mostrou desestruturação hepática morfohistológica em todos os recém-nascidos expostos à etilenotioureia, com destrabeculação dos hepatócitos e intensa megacariocitose hepática, apresentando média da densidade de megacariócitos de 107,9 até 114,2 por mm² sendo cerca de oito vezes maior que no Grupo Controle, caracterizando hematopoese extramedular. CONCLUSÃO: A exposição fetal a etilenotioureia provocou danos hepáticos caracterizados pela intensa hematopoese extramedular.

The objective of the present study was to determine the main lesions found during the sanitary inspection of the lungs of slaughtered pigs. The study was carried out at three slaughterhouses registered with the Pernambuco State Inspection System located in metropolitan Recife and the coastal zone of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. A total of 715 pig lungs were inspected from July 2008 to May 2009. Pulmonary lesions were detected in all herds studied. Among the total number of animals evaluated, 43.8% (313/715) had some type of lung injury. Pneumonia was the most common finding, recorded in 93.0% (291/313) of damaged lungs, followed by petechial hemorrhaging (6.7%; 21/313) and blood aspiration (3.5%; 11/313). Among the lungs submitted to histopathology, the most frequent microscopic finding was granulomatous pneumonia with 32.2% (49/152), followed by 21.7% (33/152) of interstitial pneumonia and 3.2% (14/152) fibrinous bronchopneumonia. There was a significant association between the occurrence of lung lesions and all variables related to the environment in which the animals were raised as well as the type of operation and nutritional status.

The objective of the present study was to determine the main lesions found during the sanitary inspection of the lungs of slaughtered pigs. The study was carried out at three slaughterhouses registered with the Pernambuco State Inspection System located in metropolitan Recife and the coastal zone of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. A total of 715 pig lungs were inspected from July 2008 to May 2009. Pulmonary lesions were detected in all herds studied. Among the total number of animals evaluated, 43.8% (313/715) had some type of lung injury. Pneumonia was the most common finding, recorded in 93.0% (291/313) of damaged lungs, followed by petechial hemorrhaging (6.7%; 21/313) and blood aspiration (3.5%; 11/313). Among the lungs submitted to histopathology, the most frequent microscopic finding was granulomatous pneumonia with 32.2% (49/152), followed by 21.7% (33/152) of interstitial pneumonia and 3.2% (14/152) fibrinous bronchopneumonia. There was a significant association between the occurrence of lung lesions and all variables related to the environment in which the animals were raised as well as the type of operation and nutritional status.O trabalho foi realizado em três abatedouros inscritos no sistema de inspeção estadual, localizados na Região Metropolitana de Recife e Zona da Mata do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Foram inspecionados 715 pulmões de suínos, no período de julho de 2008 a maio de 2009. As lesões pulmonares foram detectadas em todos os plantéis estudados. Do total dos animais avaliados 43,8% (313/715) apresentaram algum tipo de lesão no pulmão. A pneumonia foi o tipo de lesão mais frequente, registrada em 93,0% (291/313) dos pulmões lesionados seguida de 6,7% (21/313) com hemorragias petequiais e 3,5% (11/313) de aspiração de sangue. Dentre os pulmões submetidos ao exame histopatológico, a lesão microscópica mais frequente foi a pneumonia granulomatosa com 32,2 (49/152), seguida de pneumonia intersticial com 21,7% (33/152) e broncopneumonia fibrinosa 3,2% (14/152). Observou-se associação significativa da ocorrência de lesão de pulmão com todas as variáveis relativas ao ambiente onde os animais são criados, além do tipo de exploração e estado nutricional.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic response of five healthy non-pregnant Arabian mares to intravenous glucose or fructose infusions with commercial energy-boosting electrolyte supplements. The animals were kept on a dry lot and had free access to Tifton 85 hay, mineral salt and water. A full factorial experiment was carried out with five horses and five treatments, as follows: corn (control), fructose 25 g (Fru-25); fructose 50 g (Fru-50); glucose 25g (Glu-25); and glucose 50 g (Glu-50). The fructose and glucose solutions were infused into the jugular vein within 10 minutes, regardless of their volume, in doses ranging from 0.13 g/Kg (Fru-50 and Glu-50) to 0.07g/Kg (Fru-25 and Glu-25). Blood samples were drawn from the jugular vein at seven moments: 0 or pre-test (fasting), and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after beginning the intravenous supplementation or food ingestion (corn). The following blood biomarkers were analyzed: glucose, insulin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), phosphorus, total plasma protein (TPP) and insulin levels. The results were subjected to ANOVA and to Tukey’s test, with a p-value of 0.05, using SigmaPlot 13.0 software. The results indicated that glucose, insulin, ALT and AST levels differed significantly between treatments and blood sampling times. Only glucose showed high interaction between treatments and periods (p 0.05). In conclusion, this research demonstrated that glucose or fructose infused into the bloodstream of healthy mares produced different glycemic and insulin curves when equivalent doses of commercial energy-boosting supplements were used.

A carcinicultura é uma atividade econômica rentável em expansão cujos principais entraves são os surtos de doenças viróticas. Dentre aquelas, destaca-se a Síndrome da Mancha Branca (WSSD), por sua virulência e taxa de mortalidade. O primeiro relato de surto foi na Ásia, em 1992, e desde então o agente se propagou pelos cultivos de camarões em todo o mundo. O Vírus da Síndrome da Mancha Branca (WSSV) é constituído por DNA e todos os animais da ordem Decapoda mostraram-se sensíveis a esse agente, independente da salinidade. Outros organismos também são susceptíveis ao WSSV, desde poliquetas a lagostas. A transmissão pode ocorrer por três formas: vertical, horizontal ou por via hídrica. A WSSD recebeu esse nome devido as manchas brancas de mineralização que se formam na carapaça de camarões doentes, entretanto elas não podem ser consideradas como um sinal patognomônico. Para o diagnóstico recomenda-se realizar anamnese, exame a fresco, histopatológico e confirmar com algum teste molecular, como PCR ou LAMP. Não há tratamento eficaz e a prevenção é a melhor solução. Desse modo, como o Brasil é um país com destaque na sua produção de Litopenaeus vannamei, e que está buscando ganhar o mercado externo, torna-se imprescindível ampliar os estudos dessa enfermidade.

This work describes an opinion mining application over a dataset extracted from the web and composed of reviews with several Internet slangs, abbreviations and typo errors. Opinion mining is a study field that tries to identify and classify subjectivity, such as opinions, emotions or sentiments in natural language. In this research, 759.176 Portuguese reviews were extracted from the app store Google Play. Due to the large amount of reviews, large-scale processing techniques were needed, involving powerful frameworks such as Hadoop and Mahout. Based on tests conducted it was concluded that pre-processing has an insignificant role in opinion mining task for the specific domain of reviews of mobile apps. The work also contributed to the creation of a corpus consisting of 759 thousand reviews and a dictionary of slangs and abbreviations commonly used in the Internet.

O mormo foi considerado extinto no Brasil até a notificação de diversos casos na Zona-da-Mata nordestina em 1999. A confirmação foi feita por isolamento bacteriano e provas sorológicas (fixação de complemento). Os estudos realizados naquela região demonstram que a doença sempre permaneceu no local matando animais apesar de que durante 30 anos (de 1969 até 1999), nenhum caso ter sido notificado. As características de manejo dos animais no local, associadas às condições climáticas de forte calor e umidade, foram determinantes para a permanência da patologia. A dificuldade de se obter material adequado para o isolamento, refletiu-se na ausência de diagnóstico. Os autores fazem uma revisão da literatura, descrevendo as características microbiológicas da bactéria, a sintomatologia, as lesões anatomopatológicas e os achados epidemiológicos na área geográfica afetada, lembrando que há casos notificados também em outras regiões do Brasil. Finalmente ressaltam que o mormo é uma zoonose de grande importância em saúde pública e que o desconhecimento geral pode levar os médicos a confundi-lo com outras doenças infecciosas.

Infectious myonecrosis (IMN), caused by infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV), is the disease of greatest impact on shrimp farming in the northeast region of Brazil. The occurrence of IMN remained restricted to northeastern Brazil until 2006, when its presence was also confirmed in Indonesia. To determine the occurrence and evolution of IMN in Litopenaeus vannamei farmed along the coast of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, histopathological examinations were performed on 60 samples collected from four farms in both predominant seasons in the northeastern region: dry and wet seasons. Samples made up of ten specimens were collected monthly from each pond. Histopathological results were associated to wet-mount exams and rearing performance data. Lesions suggestive of IMN (coagulative necrosis, hemocytic infiltration in the musculature, ectopic spheroids in the lymphoid organ) were identified in all the farms, with a higher occurrence during the dry season. Longer rearing periods and higher stocking densities were the variables with the most significant influence (p0.05) in the occurrence of IMN.

Evaluation of the reproductive characteristics of Brazilian stallions is very important to the development of the national equine industry; however, breeders and breeder's associations have more interest in methods to evaluate biometric or gait characteristics. Testicular evaluations are important to choose stallions and to develop local reproductive management. Knowledge of normal morphology is essential to recognize clinical problems and to develop a comprehensive breeding management program. When testicular measurements are evaluated, researchers get important information about daily spermatic production. 1,2, Testicular sizes and dimensions can be assessed manually by calipers or with ultrasound. These characteristics vary according to age, season of the year, nutrition and other factors. Allen 1 has observed that the size of the testes is roughly proportional to the size of the horse. Little and Holyoak 4 have found that sexual experience of breeding farm stallions also may be an important factor in determining the size of the testicles. This is because sexual stimulation alters the production of prolactic and gonadotropin-releasing hormone. In the mature horse, the testes are round, long, and of a size that would fill a cupped hand. The testes start life in the abdominal cavity and drop into the scrotum permanently by the time the animal is 12 months old or near puberty. Allen 1,4 determined that the onset of puberty happens between 12 and 18 months of age when the stallion's ejaculate contains a minmum of 100 x 106 sperm. Other researchers have developed studies about testicular size in different horse breedsJ ,3,5 Allen I studied testicular size in Thoroughbred horses and obtained a mean of 10.0 cm for length and 6.0 for width. These results are similar to that of Rossdale and Ricketts. 5 In Brazil, Ribeiro Filho, Dantas, Lopes et al., 3 have studied testicular size in Quarter Horse stallion. Their results for testicutar size were similar to the results found by other researchers. They documented the correlation between age, length and width as more than 0.55. Another important aspect of the evaluation of testicular

In the Pernambuco State, Brazil, in the 1980's a lot of breeders raised pleasure horses for tourism and for riding around small farms. At present these horses are very important for local tourism because many jobs have been created in different parts of the equine industry. The most important horse breeds raised in Pernambuco for tourism and leisure are the Campolina and MangalargaMarchador breeds. Both breeds are descendants of the first horses introduced to Brazil from Portugal, Spain and North Africa. The Campolina breed is the fourth most important Brazilian horse breed and, at present, there are over 70,000 pure-bred Campolina horses in Brazil. The total number of horses in Brazil is approximately 6.5 million. The Brazilian breeders' associations and researchers haven't studied the growth curves in the early stages of these National horses. However, they studied these horses when they were three years old or older. In the first months of life, foals grow very fast and during this rapid growth period, evaluation of the animals is important to assure proper development and management.~.2 Foals realize approximately 80% or more of their full height by the time they are six months old regardless of breed. 2,3,4,5 Most studies about foals were developed in purebred Arabians, 3,4 Thoroughbreds, 1,3,4,6 and in Quarter horses. 3,6 Because of the different environmental factors existing in different countries, it is necessary that Brazilian researchers develop studies of the early life on Brazilian horses to help Brazilian breeders and, consequently, develop the local equine industry. Recently, Manso Filho et al., 7 published a paper on development during the first six months of life in the Brazilian Mangalarga-Marchado horse. These authors published other research papers on growing curves in Arabian and Quarter Horses in the State of Pernambuco. 2,5 A number of researchers have discussed the importance of the environment in the development of newborn foals. 3,8 In these studies nutritional factors were most important. While foals are growing, they need good balanced diets. A good