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Background: A significant portion of South Korea's population, approximately a quarter, owns pets, with dogs being the most popular choice among them. However, studies analyzing the fecal organism communities of dogs in South Korea are lacking, and limited efforts have been exerted to identify pathogens with potential zoonotic implications. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate potential pathogens using metabarcoding analysis and evaluate the risk of zoonotic diseases in dog feces in Seoul, South Korea. Methodology: Fecal samples were collected from both pet and stray dogs in the Mapo district of Seoul. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was utilized, employing 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to identify prokaryotic pathogens, and 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing for eukaryotic pathogens. The data obtained from the QIIME2 pipeline were subjected to various statistical analyses to identify different putative pathogens and their compositions. Principal findings: Significant variations in microbiota composition were found between stray and pet dogs, and putative prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathogens were identified. The most prevalent putative bacterial pathogens were Fusobacterium, Helicobacter, and Campylobacter. The most prevalent putative eukaryotic pathogens were Giardia, Pentatrichomonas, and Cystoisospora. Interestingly, Campylobacter, Giardia, and Pentatrichomonas were found to be significantly more prevalent in stray dogs than in pet dogs. The variation in the prevalence of potential pathogens in dog feces could be attributed to environmental factors, including dietary variances and interactions with wildlife, particularly in stray dogs. These factors likely contributed to the observed differences in pathogen occurrence between stray and pet dogs. Conclusions/Significance: This study offers valuable insights into the zoonotic risks associated with dog populations residing in diverse environments. By identifying and characterizing putative pathogens in dog feces, this research provides essential information on the impact of habitat on dog-associated pathogens, highlighting the importance of public health planning and zoonotic risk management. Author summary: The ownership of pets, especially dogs, is widespread in South Korea, with millions of people choosing them as companions. However, there is a lack of research on the composition of organisms from dog feces and the identification of potential disease-causing pathogens that can affect both dogs and humans. Understanding these risks is crucial as many infectious diseases can be transmitted from animals to humans. In this study, we used metabarcoding techniques to analyze the fecal organisms of pet and stray dogs in Seoul, South Korea. We found significant differences in the microbiota composition between stray and pet dogs, and we identified putative bacterial pathogens, such as Helicobacter, Campylobacter, and Fusobacterium, and eukaryotic pathogens, such as Giardia, Pentatrichomonas, and Cystoisospora. The prevalence of these putative pathogens was higher in stray dogs compared to pet dogs. These findings emphasize the importance of public health planning and zoonotic disease control, particularly in densely populated urban areas where the risk of zoonotic pathogens associated with dogs is amplified. It is crucial to educate pet owners and the general public about the potential risks associated with exposure to dog feces and contaminated environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Although estimate models have been proposed to determine free-roaming (both stray and semi-domiciled) dog populations, to date, no study has focused on the three major border areas of Brazil. Therefore, the present study assessed the free-roaming dog population of Foz do Iguaçu, a major far-west Brazilian city located in a three-border area (Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay), which is considered among the top five Brazilian tourist destinations. Methods: Capture-release sampling was performed in three phases with a 6-month interval and 10-day duration of each phase, totaling 18 months, between 2018 and 2019. Results: A total of 1,273 dogs were estimated in the first [95% confidence interval (CI), 468-2,078 dogs], 904 in the second (95%CI, 452-1,355 dogs), and 1,564 in the third (95%CI, 521-2,607 dogs) capture phases in this area, suggesting a population density of 18.4 dogs/km² (6.1-30.6 dogs/km², 95% CI). Of all free-roaming dogs, 452/1,125 (40.2%) were stray with no confirmed ownership or household, whereas 672/1,125 (59.8%) had a known origin, among which 625/1,125 (55.6%) were semi-domiciled with ownership or a household, 36/1,125 (3.2%) were neighborhood dogs with maintainers, and 11/1,125 (1.0%) were owned by recycling material collectors and homeless individuals. The majority of the 1,125 dogs (862/1,125; 76.6%) had an ideal body condition score. The high outdoor access of owned dogs is likely caused by cultural behavior. However, because 533/1,125 (47.4%) of the free-roaming dogs presented with clinical abnormalities, irresponsible ownership may have negatively impacted dog health and welfare. Discussion: This study was the first to establish the density of free-roaming dogs, the ratio of stray and semi-domiciled dogs, and their dynamics over time in Foz do Iguaçu. The findings may serve as a warning for the high level of dog outdoor access and irresponsible guardianship, whichmay negatively a [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stray dogs and cats pose significant challenges for public health and animal welfare due to their potential involvement in zoonotic disease transmission, accidents, and aggressions. Large urban centers exacerbated challenges due to the presence of these animals in public areas with high human density. Ethical Population Management Programs (EPMP), rooted in the One Health approach, are crucial for addressing this issue comprehensively. This study aimed to demonstrate the approach on cats and dogs EPMP and evaluate the perceptions of academic community regarding EPMP implementation on a campus situated in urban territory. The study was conducted at the Pampulha campus of UFMG in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. In response to issues of animal abandonment and conflicts, the Permanent Commission for Animal Policies (CPPA-UFMG) was established in 2019 to manage the campus’s dog, cat, and wildlife populations. The commission implemented the Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) method, along with health assessments and vaccinations for animals. Interviews were conducted with campus staff to gauge their perception of animal management strategies. Retrospective and prospective analyses of the commission’s actions were carried out to assess implementation processes and challenges. The animal population survey conducted on campus between July 2018 and September 2021 revealed a total of 266 animals recorded. Among these animals, 195 were cats (73.3%) and 71 were dogs (26.7%), with the majority being adults. Subsequent surveys in 2019 and 2021 showed a slight increase in the animal population, with measures such as sterilization contributing to population control. Perception analysis among campus users indicated strategies such as TNR were widely endorsed for population control. The employees perception questionnaire was applied to 115 individuals, representing 42  units/departments and five gates. Associations were found between these beliefs and support for institutional actions. The majority favored sterilization (92.17%) and agreed that TNR is an appropriate approach to population control. Overall, the study reflects a community concerned about animal welfare and supportive of measures to address population management and cruelty prevention. The continuous efforts of the university’s CPPA have led to stability in the resident animal population, indicating success in achieving population control objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children are frequently injured by animal bites, and dog bites account for a large portion of the rabies epidemic worldwide. This case report describes a 3-year-old girl who was bitten by a stray dog and ended up in the emergency room with multiple injuries. The child had extensive bite injuries all over her body. For such injuries, suturing the lesions is the preferred course of action, in conjunction with antibiotic therapy and rabies vaccination. It is essential to administer complete wound care and immediate post-exposure prophylaxis against rabies to guarantee successful treatment and favorable patient results. This report details the child's case, who was followed for 3 months and showed good wound healing and recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We present an extremely rare manifestation of dirofilariasis in the pleural cavity. This is the first human pulmonary dirofilariasis reported in Lithuania; according to our knowledge, only two other patients were documented with this pathology in the world. Case presentation: A 72-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital complaining of dyspnea, left-side chest pain, and a dry cough. She was a retiree living alone in the countryside without domestic pets (sometimes stray dogs appear) or a travel history. A complete blood count was within normal limits, with a CRP level of 16.8 mg/l and D-dimer concentration of 900 µg/l, which raised suspicion of pulmonary embolism. In chest computed tomography angiography, pulmonary embolism was excluded, and only left pleural effusion without abnormal lesions was confirmed. Left thoracocentesis was performed, and the pleural fluid was evaluated as an exudate with a predominance of eosinophils (59%), along with the presence of parasites. These parasites exhibited the morphology of Dirofilaria repens. Oral doxycycline (100 mg, twice daily) and albendazole (400 mg, twice daily) were prescribed for a 14-day course. A month later, there were no pathological findings on the chest X-ray, and the patient no longer had respiratory symptoms. However, the patient presented with an emerged, painful palpable right breastmass, where the rash was previously observed. Ultrasound imaging revealed a 1.5 × 2 cm nodule, which was surgically removed. Parasites consistent with Dirofilaria repens were suspected but not definitively identified. Pharmacological treatment for dirofilariasis was not further prescribed. Conclusions: This case encourages doctors to be more vigilant because the patient, who neither travelled nor kept any pets, contracted dirofilariasis. Diagnostic and treatment guidelines are lacking, necessitating further research. Treatment with doxycycline and albendazole yielded positive outcomes, suggesting potential efficacy for dirofilarial pleuritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the poultry value chain, live animal markets are common hotspots for dispersing multiple infectious diseases. This work was initiated to assess biosecurity practices in the poultry market. For this purpose, a survey was conducted in 8 live poultry markets in Yaoundé, in combination with a questionnaire-based survey with the stakeholders of the livestock markets. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results revealed that all the markets (100%) were not only used for selling live poultry, and the birds were not confined. In all the markets (100%), poultry was sold without any disinfection observed, and no program was implemented to fight against rodents. The introduction of birds into the market without quarantine was observed at 33.9%; 46.9% of traders and slaughtering persons were working together in closed proximity, birds were kept in wooden cages on the ground in all the market (85.8%) and, when transported inter-urbanely the birds were kept in plastic cages (100%). Cages were piled on top of one another (61.4%) had poultry of different breeds (30.3%) and of different ages (100%). All traders do not put on clean uniforms reserved for their poultry selling activities only, and they do not carry out any medical check-ups. Most customers (72.8%) slaughtered their birds in the market, and the unsold birds (100%) were not returned. Stray dogs, rodents, and cats were found in the market (100%). It was concluded that there is a limited application of biosecurity measures in the live poultry markets in Yaoundé, which, therefore, represents a risk of the dissemination of high pathogenic avian/zoonosis diseases. Live bird market stakeholders should be educated on adhering to biosecurity measures and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic protozoan infection which is endemic in parts of Europe. Dogs are commonly affected by Leishmania infantum and are regarded as the main reservoir for humans' infection. Sporadic human cases are reported annually, mainly from the endemic south part of Bulgaria. However, no recent data on canine leishmaniasis geographical distribution in Bulgaria have been published. The aim of this study was to investigate the current seroprevalence rate of L. infantum in stray dogs from areas where this infection was not previously reported. Results: The estimated overall seroprevalence rate was 8.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.6–14.0) with no significant difference between the two examined districts [χ2 (1, N = 90) = 0.32, p = 0.69]. In Sofia, the seropositivity was 7.2% (95% CI: 0.9–13.5) and in Sofia (stolitsa) 11.0% (95% CI: 0–23.0). No association between sex and serological status [χ2 (1, N = 90) = 1.83, p = 0.27] and age and seropositivity [χ2 (2, N = 90) = 1.98, p = 0.52] was detected. High levels of antibodies (fourfold increase from the assay's cut-off) were observed in half of the positive dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of fleas in 318 stray dogs brought to the Van Province Metropolitan Municipality Animal Shelter. Flea infestation rates obtained from dogs were determined and the collected data were evaluated according to variables such as the infestation status of the host and gender. Four flea species were identified in the study, with a flea infestation rate of 46.86% (149/318) in the dogs examined. Among the species identified; Ctenocephalides canis was detected as 25.12%, Ctenocephalides felis as 19.18%, Pulex irritans as 11.06% and Ceratophyllus gallinea as 3.46%. Infestation rate with a single species; while C. canis was detected at 16.98%, C. felis at 11.64%, P. irritans at 5.35% and Ceratophyllus gallinea at 2.52%, the infestation rate with two species was; C. canis + C. felis 3.77%, C. canis + P. irritans 2.20%, C. felis + P. irritans was found to be 1.89%, C. canis + Ceratophyllus gallinea 0.63% and C. felis + Ceratophyllus gallinea 0.31%. The infestation rate with three species at the same time, C. canis + C. felis + P. irritans, was determined as 1.57%. As a result of the statistical analysis, although there was a significant difference in infestation rates according to flea species, no significant relationship was found between flea species and gender. Fleas are important for both animal and public health as they serve as intermediate hosts for various diseases. It is thought that the findings obtained in the study will make significant contributions to studies, especially in the field of medicine and veterinary services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the increasing cohabitation of humans with infected animals, such as pets or wildlife, human infection with helminthic parasites has become an important emerging health concern. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of helminthic parasite infections in canines in the Mughan Plain area of Ardabil Province, Iran. A total of 87 samples were collected from different canines, including stray dogs, foxes, and jackals, in the Mughan Plain area of Ardabil Province, Iran. The organs of the animals were sectioned and examined macroscopically for helminth parasitic infections. Isolated helminth species were morphologically identified using a valid identification key. The results showed that that Mesocestoides sp. was the most prevalent helminth species, with a frequency of 30 in canids (34.5%), including 8 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes, 53.33%), 12 jackals (Canis aureus, 48%), and 10 stray dogs (Canis familiaris, 21.3%). In addition, a high frequency of Toxascaris leonina was observed in 13 canines (14.9%), including 2 foxes (13%), 4 jackals (16%), and 7 wild dogs (14.9%). The prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus was reported in 9 canines (10.3%), including 1 jackal (4%) and 8 wild dogs (17.02%). The results of this study indicate that Mesocestoides sp. is the most common helminth species in canids. Our findings indicate that canines in Iran serve as both intermediate and final definitive hosts for several harmful parasites, posing a risk to humans and animals health. Further research and interventions are needed to better understand the transmission dynamics and to develop effective strategies for helminth control in canids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid urbanization across the world has drawn attention to the unique state of urban woodlands. New Delhi is one of the world's most populous cities; yet, it harbours several woodlands that support a variety of wildlife. The persistence of mesopredators like the gplden jackal (Canis aureus Linn.) in the city is intriguing and provides an opportunity to explore coexistence in an urban context. Using a combination of camera trapping and occupancy modelling, our study aims to understand the habitat use, distribution, and urban adaptations of the jackal in Delhi's Central Ridge Reserve Forest. Preliminary analysis shows extensive habitat use and sophisticated adaptations including adjustments in activity patterns in response to human activity and competition from feral dogs. The study also demonstrated behavioural adaptations, particularly in terms of foraging, denning, and coexistence with other species, which enable these urban populations of golden jackals to persist in the city. The study indicates the need for newer frameworks for conservation of synanthropic wild fauna that persist in calorie-rich urban environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we use a strengths-based approach to explore the ways that walking and cycling are practised and promoted in Māngere and Ōtara, two ethnically diverse, lower-income suburbs of Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand. Using practice theory and positioning our research within a growing body of work on marginalised mobility cultures and the 'human infrastructure' of active transport, we find that family-centred, inclusive events; holistic promotion models; and strong volunteering and skills sharing networks are foundations of active mobility in South Auckland. Amongst the barriers to participation that were reported in our study, threats to safety stand out: They include road safety, concerns about personal security and stray dogs. Dealing with these threats requires advanced skills or 'competences' to sustain walking and cycling – particularly amongst women. We highlight the ways that infrastructural investment and community funding processes may help to overcome barriers and enable these communities to 'roll together'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In the southeastern United States of America, shifts in the environment such as climate change and host availability are pushing tick populations to spread into new areas. It is hypothesized that, as they migrate, tick populations have developed a behavior known as incomplete feeding. With this, ticks feed on more than one host at each life stage, increasing the chance of pathogen transmission. In South Carolina, we found evidence of ticks displaying this behavior. We collected engorged female ticks from stray dogs at animal shelters across the state in 2022. Testing showed that about a third of these ticks had fed on humans. The patterns varied depending on the tick species, where they were found, and the time of collection. This pilot study reflects the growing trend of tick-borne diseases in the southeastern USA. It is crucial to dig deeper into how factors like the season, location, and species are linked to incomplete feeding behavior in South Carolina's tick populations. Dynamic environmental conditions, such as climate change and host availability, have greatly influenced the expansion of medically relevant tick vectors into new regions throughout the southeastern United States of America. As tick populations migrate into new areas, it has been suggested they can exhibit a phenomenon known as incomplete feeding. With this phenomenon, tick vectors feed on more than one host at each life stage, thus increasing the likelihood of pathogen transmission. Although this behavior is not well understood, it presents an important threat to human health. Here we present evidence of incomplete feeding behaviors in multiple tick species in South Carolina. Engorged, blood-fed female ticks were collected from feral dogs at animal shelters across South Carolina in 2022. All ticks were tested for human blood meals using rapid stain identification blood tests. Approximately one third (33.78%) of all ticks tested positive for a human blood meal, with various patterns seen across species, geographic location, and collection month. The results of this pilot study follow the current national trend of increasing rates of tick-borne disease incidence in the southeastern United States of America and warrant further investigation into the relationship between seasonality, geographic distribution, species, and incomplete feeding among tick populations in South Carolina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study depicts the drug-resistance and phylogenomic characteristics of 365 Escherichia coli (EC) and 76 Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) isolated from stray dogs (293) in and around Kolkata, India. Initial screening found 59 isolates, including 48 E. coli and 11 KP multidrug resistant, which included 33 extended-spectrum β-lactamase, 41 AmpC β-lactamase and 18 metallo-β-lactamase producers carrying blaNDM-1 (11) and blaNDM-5 (7) genes. Majority of them had the resistant genes such as blaCTX-M (33), blaTEM (18), blaSHV (4), blaOXA (17), blaFOX (2), blaDHA (2), blaCITM (15), blaCMY-2 (13), blaGES (2) and blaVEB (2), qnrS (15), qnrB (3), aac-6′-Ib-cr (14), tetA (26), tetB (14), sul-1 (25), armA (2) and rmtB (6), in addition to adherence genes such as csgA (33), fimA (27), fliC (13), sdiA (33), rcsA (38), and rpoS (39). They also carried plasmid of diverse replicon types of which IncFIA and FIB were the most frequent. Phylogrouping categorized most of the MDR E. coli in phylogroup A (20), B1 (14), and B2 (6). Enterobacteriaceae repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) showed genetic diversity of multidrug resistant isolates irrespective of their origin, resistance, and virulence types, differentiating the EC in five clades (A–E) and KP in four clades (A–D). As these stray dogs, which had no history or scope of previous antimicrobial therapy, were found to have contracted potential antimicrobial resistance pathogens, the role of environment in spread of such pathogens and further possibility of human infections cannot be ruled out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Western societies face a major challenge to control their stray dog population due to its uncontrolled propagation and abandonment. Despite the management programmes implemented in many European countries, the reduction of the stray dog population has not been achieved. This is not only related to dogs' well-being, but also to their coexistence with humans, especially in urban areas. Problemsolving approaches vary in different countries, as there is no common legislation in the European Community dealing with stray dog control. To realise this research study, data from secondary sources, as well as data collected from thirteen European countries were analysed. A comparative overview of policies and measures was examined to show that stray dog population management depends on the policy implicated by each country. In contrast to countries of northern Europe, significant problems were faced mainly by the countries of southern Europe and the Balkans. The purpose of this paper was to present the legal framework of management for the stray dog population in accordance with what is implemented in different EU countries and to unveil the need for action for a common European Community Directive or Regulation dealing with stray dog control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated three cases of transmissible venereal tumour in dogs. In Case 1, a 5‐year‐old male dog presented with an eye mass and penile growths, unresponsive to previous treatment. Case 2 involved a 4.5‐year‐old male dog with bilateral ocular masses and penile lesions. Case 3 featured a stray dog with ocular and skin masses. All cases were confirmed as transmissible venereal tumour through impression smear cytology. Treatment with vincristine sulphate resulted in significant remission, with complete recovery after the fourth injection. This study contributes valuable knowledge for veterinarians in diagnosing and treating transmissible venereal tumour in dogs, emphasising the significance of an approach to case management and careful consideration of the varying clinical manifestations of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visceral leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoa of the species Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum (syn = Leishmania chagasi) and Leishmania (Leishmania) donovani, which are transmitted by hematophagous insects of the genera Lutzomyia and Phlebotomus. The domestic dog (Canis familiaris) is considered the main urban reservoir of the parasite due to the high parasite load on its skin, serving as a source of infection for sandfly vectors and, consequently, perpetuating the disease in the urban environment. Some factors are considered important in the perpetuation and spread of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in urban areas, such as stray dogs, with their errant behavior, and houses that have backyards with trees, shade, and organic materials, creating an attractive environment for sandfly vectors. CVL is found in approximately 50 countries, with the number of infected dogs reaching millions. However, due to the difficulty of controlling and diagnosing the disease, the number of infected animals could be even greater. In the four continents endemic for CVL, there are reports of disease expansion in endemic countries such as Brazil, Italy, Morocco, and Tunisia, as well as in areas where CVL is not endemic, for example, Uruguay. Socio-environmental factors, such as migration, drought, deforestation, and global warming, have been pointed out as reasons for the expansion into areas where it had been absent. Thus, the objective of this review is to address (i) the distribution of CVL in endemic areas, (ii) the role of the dog in the visceral leishmaniasis epidemiology and the factors that influence dog infection and the spread of the disease, and (iii) the challenges faced in the control of CVL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To understand the epidemiological distribution characteristics of mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (MT-ZVL) in Yangquan City, Shanxi Province, China, from 2006 to 2021, to explore the influencing factors leading to the re-emergence of the epidemic, and to provide a basis for the formulation of targeted control strategies. Methods: Case information spanning from 2006 to 2021 in Yangquan City was collected for a retrospective case-control study conducted from June to September 2022. A 1:3 matched ratio was employed. A questionnaire was utilized to gather data on basic information, demographic characteristics, awareness of MT-ZVL knowledge, residence, and dog breeding and living habits. The study employed a multifactorial conditional stepwise logistic regression model to analyze the influencing factors. Results: A total of 508 subjects was analyzed. Risk factors for MT-ZVL included the use of soil/stone/concrete as building materials (OR = 3.932), presence of nearby empty/stone stack houses (OR = 2.515), dog breeding (OR = 4.215), presence of stray dogs (OR = 2.767), and neighbor's dog breeding (OR = 1.953). Protective factors comprised knowledge of MT-ZVL (OR = 0.113) and using mosquito repellents (OR = 0.388). The findings indicate significant associations between environmental and behavioral factors and MT-ZVL incidence in Yangquan City, Shanxi Province, China, from 2006 to 2021. These results underscore the importance of public awareness campaigns and targeted interventions aimed at reducing exposure to risk factors and promoting protective measures to mitigate the re-emergence of MT-ZVL outbreaks. Conclusion: House building materials, presence of neighboring empty houses, breeding domestic dogs and distribution of stray dogs surrounding the home are risk factors for MT-ZVL. Awareness of MT-ZVL and implementation of preventive measures during outdoor activities in summer and autumn are protective and may reduce the risk of MT-ZVL. Author summary: In recent years, a rapid reemergence of mountain-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (MT-ZVL) has been seen in the extension region of the Loess Plateau that had previously achieved elimination in China. In this study, we investigate the epidemiological characteristics of MT-ZVL and identify the factors associated with the rapid rise in MT-ZVL epidemics using a case-control design. A questionnaire was used to collect basic information, demographic characteristics, awareness of MT-ZVL knowledge, residence, and dog breeding and living habits. A multifactorial conditional stepwise logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors. The study revealed that there has been a rising trend in the MT-ZVL endemic areas. House building materials, presence of neighboring empty houses, breeding domestic dogs and distribution of stray dogs surrounding the home are risk factors for MT-ZVL. Awareness of MT-ZVL and implementation of preventive measures during outdoor activities in summer and autumn are protective and may reduce the risk of MT-ZVL. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature to develop strategy for control the ongoing local transmission of MT-ZVL in hill districts. By analyzing the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of MT-ZVL, this research provides a basis for further optimizing the targeted control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study examined patterns of dog ownership in three different states in India. The main aim was to understand who owns dogs, their reasons for owning them, and how these patterns vary in different areas. We conducted quantitative surveys to gather information on the number of people who own dogs, their backgrounds, and their attitudes towards their pets. Our findings show that there are significant differences in dog ownership depending on where people live and their economic status. In particular, we found settlements in Gujarat state to possess significantly fewer privately owned dogs that Tamil Nadu and Uttarakhand. These results are important because they help us understand the needs of dog owners and their pets in different parts of India. This information can be used by those making decisions about public health and animal welfare, such as how to manage stray dogs or prevent diseases that can spread from dogs to humans. This study is valuable as it provides a clearer picture of dog ownership in India, which can help improve the lives of both people and animals. This paper presents the demographics, dynamics, and attitudes of dog ownership across three states in India. The background of this research is set against the increasing significance of pet ownership in urban Indian contexts, with a particular focus on understanding the variations in dog-ownership patterns and their implications for public health and animal welfare. We employed a survey-based approach, gathering quantitative survey data from dog owners (n = 563) and non-dog-owners (n = 9282) across different socioeconomic and geographic backgrounds in seven Indian settlements. The results reveal notable differences in dog-ownership patterns, influenced by regional state. In particular, settlements in Gujarat were found to have significantly fewer dog-owning households than those in Tamil Nadu, with no differences found according to settlement size. Dog ownership was found to be more common in households of higher socioeconomic standing, and settlements in Uttarakhand were found more frequently to possess dogs for reasons other than companionship. Data from Ahmedabad and Vadodara, specifically, also indicate rapidly increasing rates of pet ownership. Sterilisation and rabies vaccination proportions were typically low and high, respectively, across all settlements, with few significant differences found among settlements. Confinement of owned dogs at night was significantly lower in Nainital than all other settlements. Differences in attitudes towards roaming dogs between dog owners and non-dog-owners were also examined, with the results indicating both positive and negative trends accordingly. Our results emphasise the need for region-specific strategies in public health and animal welfare policies, acknowledging the diverse nature of pet ownership in India. This research provides valuable insight for policymakers and animal welfare organisations, underlining the importance of tailored approaches to address the unique challenges and opportunities in the Indian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is a widely spread, contagious neoplasm commonly found in dogs. Mostly affects the external genitalia, however, it may also exhibit unusual clinical presentations. Aim: To describe the epidemiology, clinical appearance, cytologic and histopathologic features of dogs with TVT in Morocco. Methods: Within the realm of a nation-wide study on canine and feline tumors in Morocco between September 2020 and March 2023, dogs with histologically diagnosed TVT were identified and data on epidemiologic, clinical as well as cytologic, and histologic features were compiled and analyzed. Results: A total of 64 cases of canine TVT were diagnosed. 52 dogs were cross-breed (81.2%) while 4 Siberian Huskies (6.2%) and 3 German shepherds (4.7%) were the most affected pure-breed dogs. The median age of dogs at diagnosis was 3 years (range, 1-10years) and male gender was more common (male:female ratio; 1.3:1). Tumor was located exclusively in the genital area in 58 cases (90.6%), whereas 6 dogs (9.4%) had an atypical occurrence of TVT with locations including skin and nasal cavity. Cytology allowed for an early diagnosis in 2 cases. Histology revealed no differences between the genital and extragenital forms. Immunohistochemistry was necessary in 4 cases and revealed positive staining for vimentin and Alpha-1-antitrypsin, negative marking for CD3, CD20, and AE1/AE3, and low cytoplasmic labeling for lysozyme. Conclusion: CTVT is a widely distributed neoplasm in Morocco, mostly showing presence in young, cross-breed, and oftentimes stray dogs. An adequate understanding of this tumor's epidemiological features is necessary for its management and eradication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Leptospirosis is a re-emerging zoonosis that is under-reported in tropical countries, and canines can be a potential reservoir of the disease. The objective of this study was to diagnose Leptospira spp. that is actively infected and re-infected in stray dogs and cats from Bogota, D.C., Colombia. Materials and Methods: A sample of 200 animals, including dogs and cats from the animal protection programs of Bogota, Colombia, were used in this study. Blood was collected from these animals for serum and DNA analysis. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using the 16s rRNA primer set, and higher-quality amplification products were sequenced by Sanger. For serodiagnosis, a group of PCR-positive samples was tested using the microagglutination test (MAT). Results: The overall PCR positivity of stray dogs and cats was 56%, 52.9%, and 65.3% in dogs and cats, respectively. The MAT seropositivity was 77.3%, and only dogs showed titers higher than 1:400. Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona, Hardjo Prajitno, and Canicola and Hardjo prajitno were the serogroups associated with dogs and cats, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strains belonging to Leptospira interrogans serovars related to isolated samples of American, European, and Asian bats (Myotis myotis), dogs, and bovines of American origin. Conclusion: These results showed that stray dogs and cats were previously exposed to different serovars of Leptospira spp. and re-infected with other serovars that actively participated in the transmission cycle. These findings highlight the importance of actively diagnosing infectious animals to design effective intervention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the formation of helminth fauna, the formation of a high diversity of species, in the circulation of helminths between humans and ruminant domestic animals in nature and in their infection, in the completion of the development stages of biohelminths and their invasion and in the transfer of dangerous helminths from one area to another, their intermediate hosts have a great role. When determining the role of intermediate hosts in the spread of helminths of domestic carnivores, it was found that the intermediate hosts of 12 species of helminths are insects, 7 species are ruminants, 16 species are rodents, 5 species are reptiles and 3 species are earthworms. During the study, it was found that rodents were infected with cysticercoids of the mentioned helminths in 49.3%, reptiles with cysticercoids, procercoids and plerocercoids in 34.7%, snails in 24.7% and insects in 37.3%. Among the intermediate hosts, rodents prevail over other intermediate hosts with 16 species and infection rate of 49.3%. It comes from the ethology of rodents. The scientific-research work carried out in this direction has important theoretical and practical importance. The main direction in the fight against intermediate hosts is to break the chain between transmissible diseases and the agent that transmits them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Importance: Rabies is a neglected tropical viral disease most often transmitted through the bite of an infected animal. Objective: This study assessed the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the Shone Ttown community toward rabies. Methods: A survey-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Shone town, Ethiopia, from November 2022 to April 2023. Woreda was selected purposefully, while Kebeles and the study populations were selected by simple random sampling. Four hundred and sixteen respondents were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: All respondents had heard about rabies from different sources, with the majority hearing from informal sources (62%). Approximately 51.9%, 0.7%, and 47.4% of individuals were aware of saliva contact, rabid animal bites, and both as means of transmission, respectively. The survey showed that 64.4% of participants knew the 100% fatal nature of rabies once the clinical signs developed, and 35.6% did not. Approximately 51.4% of respondents agreed that killing stray dogs was an effective method for rabies prevention. In this study, 72.6% of the respondents had contact with pets, and 36.8% of the interviewees had vaccinated their dogs. Only the educational level (p = 0.03) was associated with knowledge of the transmission route. Age (p = 0.04) and educational level (p = 0.01) had a statistically significant association with knowledge of the risk of not vaccinating dogs. Conclusions and Relevance: A lack of formal education in the communities, low levels of education, and the majority of respondents acquiring their knowledge from unofficial sources are important contributors to the low levels of awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study illustrates the data relating to euthanasia in a canine population during the years 1990–2020 in a small animals' veterinary hospital. The overall period examined has been split into two terms (T1 = 1990–2004 and T2 = 2005–2020) based on Law 189/2004 coming into force, as this law made changes to the Criminal Code regarding offenses against animals and the related penalties. In comparing the significant differences of the two terms, variables such as age, breed, reproductive status, and ownership were considered. Law 189/2004 has played an important role in Italy by acknowledging animals as sentient beings and, therefore, influencing the decision-making process of euthanasia. This study aimed to investigate changes in the number of, and reasons for, requests for dogs' euthanasia over the last thirty years. Data (breed, age, gender, neuter status, manner, and cause of death) from dogs' euthanasia registered between 1990 and 2020 in a small animals' veterinary hospital were analyzed. The overall period examined has been split into two terms (T1 = 1990–2004 and T2 = 2005–2020) considering the introduction and enforcement of Law 189/2004. During the whole period examined, a significant increasing trend in euthanasia cases has been recorded (p = 0.027). Comparing the two terms, we observed significant differences regarding variables such as age, breed, reproductive status, and ownership. The number of euthanized dogs was significantly higher in T1 than in T2. Dogs euthanized in T2 were older than dogs in T1. A high percentage of the euthanized dogs were crossbred and stray dogs. Additionally, the number of neutered/spayed dogs was significantly higher. Regarding the cause of death, a significantly higher percentage of neoplastic processes was detected in T2. The data here reported suggest a potential influence of Law 189/2004. This law in Italy has proven to be a legal milestone that has influenced the decision-making process between euthanasia and natural death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We aimed to determine the common Echinococcus granulosus genotypes in Ağrı, Türkiye and to obtain information on the transmission of this parasite. Methods: Cystic echinococcosis samples from 100 slaughtered cattle and 100 slaughtered sheep and faecal samples from 200 stray dogs were included in 2021. Collected cyst fluid samples and faces were examined microscopically. DNA was isolated from the germinal membrane of the cysts and from the parasite eggs in the stool samples. The mitochondrial cytb gene region of the parasite was amplified by PCR. Genotypes were determined using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) after sequence analysis of PCR amplicons. Results: The highest percentage of cysts was found in the lungs of sheep and the liver of cattle. In addition, 75% of sheep cysts and 25.6% of cattle cysts were fertile. Taenia spp./Echinococcus spp. eggs were found in 6% of the faeces of 200 dogs examined microscopically. E. granulosus eggs were detected in 4 out of 50 stool samples analysed by PCR. All samples analysed by sequence analysis were identified as E. granulosus s.s. G1 genotype. Sequence comparison revealed revealed one or more-point mutations in different regions of the five samples. Conclusion: E. granulosus s.s. G1 genotype, known as sheep strain, is common in the Ağrı, Türkiye. The controlled slaughter of livestock, especially sheep, and the avoidance of feeding hydatid cyst organs to dogs, together with public education, were necessary to prevent the spread of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, the socio-cultural lack of some countries with increased urbanization has led to the unconscious breeding of stray dogs. The failure to care for the offspring of possessive dogs or ignoring the responsibility to find a suitable family for the offspring increased the dog population on the streets and in the shelters. In this study, our main target is to analyze the habitat of stray dogs and the strategy of how to control the population without damaging the ecosystem of the species. For this aim, we establish a fractional-order differential equation system to investigate the fractal dimension with long-term memory that invovles two compartments; the non-sterilized dog population (x(t)) and the sterilized one (y(t)). Firstly, we analyze the stability of the equilibrium points using the Routh-Hurwitz criteria to discuss cases that should not affect the ecosystem of the dog population, but control the stray dog population in the habitat. Since the intervention to the stray dog population occurs at discrete time impulses, we use the Euler method's discretization process to analyse the local and global stability around the equilibrium points. Besides this, we show that the solutions of the system represent semi-cycle behaviors. At the end of the study, we use accurate data to demonstrate the sterilization rate of stray dogs in their habitat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Farol - Revista de Estudos Organizacionais e Sociedade is the property of Farol - Revista de Estudos Organizacionais e Sociedade and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and Aim: Kathmandu is a densely populated metropolitan city in Nepal. In recent years, however, the metropolis has been ranked as one of the most polluted cities worldwide. Both humans and animals are susceptible to various respiratory diseases due to chronic exposure to polluted air. Due to the relative similarities in the anatomical structure and physiological functions of the respiratory system between humans and dogs, polluted environments may lead to respiratory illness in similar ways in both species living in the valley. On the basis of information on the air quality in the valley, this study was conceived to assess pulmonary illness in street dogs to discern the health hazards caused by polluted air. Materials and Methods: A total of 76 dogs with clinical signs of tachypnea, dyspnea, sneezing, coughing, mucopurulent discharge, moderate hyperthermia, and anorexia admitted from July 2020 to November 2020 in Animal Nepal for treatment were included in this study. Among them, 24 animals responded to treatment, and 52 dogs died during their stay in the hospital. The 52 dead animals were necropsied, and the lesions that resembled pulmonary anthracosis were further studied grossly and histologically in a blinded fashion by trained veterinary pathologists. Results: Significant morphological alterations were observed in the lungs and associated lymph nodes of 25 animals, indicating pulmonary anthracosis. Gross morphological changes included multiple black foci with hemorrhage, congestion, nodular, and emphysema on the parietal and visceral surfaces of the lungs. The alveolar septa and visceral pleura exhibited deposition of black particles. Congestion, emphysema, and inflammatory exudates were also detected in the lung tissues and lymph nodes. Conclusion: The clinical, gross, and microscopic findings accurately resembled those of pulmonary anthracosis. This lifethreatening condition in stray canines may be caused by a critical level of air pollution from different sources and carbon emissions from vehicles. To protect animals and humans living in the Kathmandu Valley, concerned government and nongovernment agencies should work toward reducing air pollution levels as soon as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taenia hydatigena, an intestinal parasite of domestic and wild canids which can cause medical problems and economic losses in animals. Thirty T. hydatigena recovered from the intestine of stray dogs after T. hydatigena based on morphological characters and morphometric observations involving Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the scoleces were stained by Semichon's acid carmine and viewed on a light microscope. High-quality SEM photographs were shown the blade dimensions of both large and small hooks (83.89 µm and 48.16 µm) respectively, which was close to measurements by a digital camera. The number of hooks around the rostellum were 30 hooks, and both were equal in number (15 hooks), while the average length of the large hooks was 220.11 ±28.07 µm, and was 88.58 ±7.92, and the average length of small hooks was142.37 ±12.52 µm and was 65.73 ±6.94 µm. body surface of Taenia hydatigena presence of characteristic transverse cuticular striations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ixodes ricinus ticks are an important vector and reservoir of pathogenic microorganisms causing dangerous infectious diseases in humans and animals. The presence of ticks in urban greenery is a particularly important public health concern due to the potential for humans and companion animals to be exposed to tick-borne diseases there. The study assessed the prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in I. ricinus ticks feeding on dogs. The study consisted in analyses of I. ricinus ticks collected in 2018–2020 from owned and stray dogs in the north-eastern part of Lubelskie province (eastern Poland). An AmpliSens PCR kit was used for qualitative detection and differentiation of tick-borne infections. Infections of B. burgdorferi and A. phagocytophilum were detected in 10.9% and 12.9% of the examined ticks, respectively. One tick (0.7%) was co-infected by both pathogens. Infection with B. burgdorferi was significantly more highly prevalent in ticks collected from the owned dogs than from the strays (18.7% and 2.8%, respectively), whereas the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum was similar in both groups (12.0% and 13.9%, respectively). The co-infection observed in the study suggests the possibility of simultaneous infection by both pathogens from a single tick bite. The presence of pathogens in ticks collected from dogs is a factor in assessing infection risk not only to companion animals but also to their owners, who are in close contact with their dogs and visit the same green areas recreationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences is the property of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine the richness, abundance, and diversity of bacteria in stray dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) infested by ticks in Comarca Lagunera, northern Mexico, and to establish their pathogenic and or/zoonotic potential. Materials and Methods: Blood samples from 12 dogs were collected, and their deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted. The V3-V4 region of the 16S ribosomal ribunocleic acid gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on a MiSeq Illumina platform, and the data were analyzed using quantitative insights into microbial ecology. Results: The operational taxonomic units resulted in 23 phyla, 54 classes, 89 orders, 189 families, 586 genera, and 620 bacterial species; among them, 64 species and/or bacterial genera with pathogenic or zoonotic potential were identified, some of which have been reported in the literature as relevant to public health (Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Brucella spp., Clostridium spp., Corynebacterium affermentants, Cutibacterium spp., Dietzia spp., Ehrlichia canis, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Leptotrichia spp., Mycobacterium spp., Paracoccus spp., and Roseomonas gilardii). Conclusion: This research offers relevant information on the prevalence of tick-borne diseases as well as other potential zoonotic diseases in the blood of stray dogs parasitized by ticks in northern Mexico. New molecular biology and massive NGS techniques may play an important role in the study and documentation of bacterial profiles from animals in close proximity to humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hydatidosis is a leading zoonotic parasitic disease causing economic losses and public health concerns worldwide. The current study aims to determine the seroepidemiological status of hydatid cysts (HCs) and assess the relationship between risk factors and this disease in high-risk individuals in Gonabd City, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Gonabad health centers in 2018-2019. Sampling was performed using the census method. A total of 393 serum samples were collected from 259 men and 134 women at risk for HC. A questionnaire was prepared for all participants. Demographic information, such as gender, age, place of residence, education level, participation of children in animal husbandry, the way of washing vegetables, and work experience in animal husbandry were recorded. The levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The infection rate was 9.7% for men and 10% for women, showing no significant correlation between gender and hydatidosis. Among the affected population, the prevalence rate was 10.4% in undergraduates and 16.3% in the age group of 20-30. Additionally, individuals with less than ten years of experience in animal husbandry had a prevalence rate of 11.7%. Those who had contact with dogs had a prevalence rate of 7.9%, while individuals who did not use disinfectants to wash vegetables had a higher rate of 12%. Conclusion: This study highlights the significant prevalence of HCs in at-risk individuals. This indicates the need for effective preventive measures to reduce the burden of infection. The recommendations include washing vegetables with disinfectants to eliminate any potential sources of contamination. Additionally, obtaining identification certificates for livestock dogs and collecting stray dogs can help control the spread of the disease. It is essential to implement a comprehensive public health strategy to address this issue effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, plague has re-emerged in several countries around the world and remains endemic in some regions. In a natural environment and in contact with rodents and their fleas, stray carnivores are most at risk of catching the disease and maintaining the spread of the bacillus. The present study aimed to demonstrate the presence or absence of Yersinia pestis in stray dogs and cats in the Algiers region by molecular methods and thus determine their role in epidemiology of this disease. Molecular research of Yersinia pestis has also been conducted on fleas from these carnivores. Preliminary identification of ectoparasites to genus and species level was performed. Real-time polymerase chain reaction targeting Yersinia pestis pla gene was used to survey the plague agent in fleas and carnivores captured as stray animals in Algiers (Algeria). Positive qPCR results were tested by PCR sequencing using glpD gene. Among 327 fleas captured from 107 dogs and 365 fleas from 140 cats, prevalence of Ctenocephalides felis was higher in cats (86,96%), whereas that of Ctenocephalides canis and Xenopsylla cheopis were higher in dogs (90,57% and 92,63%, respectively). While internal and external PCR positive controls were positive, none of the 107 dogs spleens and 140 cats spleens and none of the 256 analyzed fleas were positive for Y. pestis. These results suggested that stray cats and dogs are unlikely sources of plague in Algeria, contrary to what has been reported in other plague-endemic countries. This observation illustrates that the plague epidemiological chain varies from one region to another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal contamination poses a threat to human, animal, and environmental health. The purpose of the current study was to assess the accumulation of toxic and trace metal concentrations in tissues of stray dogs in Kabwe, a town known for lead pollution due to a long history of lead and zinc mining. Brain, spleen, heart, stomach, stomach content, small intestine, kidney, liver, and bone samples were collected from 29 stray dogs (14 from locations within 3 km of the mine and 15 from sites 7 km away from the mine) after necropsy. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to analyze toxic metals, arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb), and trace elements, copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). The lungs (0.117 ± 0.114 mg/kg dry weight), kidney (7.515 ± 8.830 mg/kg dry weight), and bone (41.68 ± 66.83 mg/kg dry weight) were found to have the highest concentrations of As, Cd, and Pb, respectively. In contrast, higher Cu and Zn concentrations were measured in the liver than in other tissues. In all tissues analyzed, tissues sampled from dogs near the mine had significantly higher mean concentrations of Cd and Pb than dogs far away. Neither sex nor age-related differences were observed in the distribution of metals in most tissues. There were significant associations among toxic (Pb and Cd) and trace metals (Cu and Zn). In the kidney, Cd positively correlated with Pb (ρ = 0.534) and Zn (ρ = 0.600), whereas in the liver, Cu correlated with Zn (ρ = 0.565). The current study's findings suggest that environmental pollution is still a problem in Kabwe, and environmental remediation is needed to address the pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article delves into the complex relationship between humans and dogs in urban settings. It raises the question of whether dogs would be able to survive and thrive without human intervention, suggesting that dogs have the capacity to adapt and live independently. The article also explores the historical and cultural factors that have influenced the way humans interact with dogs, such as the rise of pet ownership and the containment of stray dogs. It challenges the idea that dogs are simply products of human domestication and highlights the intricate and ever-changing nature of human-dog relationships. Additionally, the article examines the broader issue of how animals are treated and perceived in urban environments, focusing on the exploitation and commodification of animals. It discusses the origins of animal protection laws and the complex relationship between humane organizations and industry. The text also highlights the contributions of Henry Bergh, who founded the ASPCA and advocated for legislative protections for animals. It explores the tension between compassion and necessity in animal welfare and questions the concept of human exceptionalism throughout history. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of recognizing the agency of animals and envisioning a future that involves more collaboration with them. [Extracted from the article]

This pioneering study is prompted by the imperative to enhance our understanding of a constituent within Ukraine's rabies control strategy, specifically focusing on the vaccination of free-roaming canines against rabies with a local vaccine in certain endemic rabies areas. The cross-sectional study encompassed the capture, sterilization, deworming, and rabies vaccination processes in 160 free-roaming dogs, followed by the collection of blood samples to examine RABV-specific neutralising antibodies in 16 dogs (10% of the vaccinated population), captured from sectors (territories) with a higher density of population and with higher density of previously vaccinated free-roaming dogs. Half of the targeted samples comprised males (n = 8), while the remaining half consisted of females (n = 8). The median of virus-neutralising antibody level was 0.58 IU/mL, with a minimum protective threshold of 0.5 IU/mL. Antibody titers below the 0.5 IU/mL threshold were detected in 25.0% (2/8) of the male group, and in 62.5% (5/8) of the female group. Notably, male dogs exhibited a higher median antibody level of 0.66 IU/mL, compared to females, who presented a median level of 0.26 IU/mL. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the male and female groups (P = 0.36). In general, more than half of the tested population (56.3%) exceeded the 0.5 IU/mL protective threshold 4 months post-vaccination. The inadequate levels of antibodies neutralizing the rabies virus are likely a result of a confluence of factors, including stressors such as nutritional and temperature-related challenges, along with variations in the responses of individual immune systems. Considering the endemic rabies situation and large population of free-roaming dogs in Ukraine, we suggest repeated vaccination for free-roaming dogs against rabies one year after the previous vaccination. In perspective, we suggest conducting large-scale epidemiological studies to assess the impact of animal-related, vaccine-related, and environment- related parameters on the efficacy of rabies vaccines used in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People, livestock and carnivores are constantly interacting especially at the interface between community and protected areas. The carnivore guild category in Volcanoes National Park is important, and if well studied, could lead to additional research opportunities for improved wildlife management. We used single season occupancy models with multi-species data, to understand the factors affecting species occurrence, detection and distribution among native carnivores of Volcanoes National Park while accounting for imperfect detection and the effects of site variables on the observed trends. Our findings showed that six native carnivores use the park edge, where the side-striped jackal (Canis adustus) and serval (Leptailurus serval) are the most widespread with ψ = 0.904 (SE 0.051) and ψ = 0.415 (SE 0.086), respectively, followed by African golden cat (Caracal aurata) with ψ = 0.198 (SE 0.066), while the servaline genet (Genetta servalina), slender mongoose (Herpestes sanguineus) and spotted hyaena (Crocuta Crocuta) have very low probability of occupancy with ψ = 0.087 (SE 0.045), ψ = 0.044 (SE 0.032) and ψ = 0.022 (SE 0.022) respectively. In addition, there is high occurrence of feral dogs and human presence in the park edge. Overall, the occupancy of native carnivores increases as distance from settlements increase (β = 0.559 [SE 0.195]) except for hyaena and mongoose which showed a decrease in occupancy as distance to settlements increased. In general, native carnivores preferred sites located close to pasture areas, compared to areas used for agriculture and agroforestry. High overlapping activity between native carnivores and other wildlife varied greatly between species. This study provides the baseline information for the understanding of native carnivores using the park edge and insights on their interactions with other wildlife, livestock and human activities at the interface between the park and local communities. The co-occurrence of livestock, feral dogs and humans, and native wildlife is a challenge for both wildlife conservation inside the protected area and local communities who might be negatively affected in different ways including interspecific competition, disease exposure and increased conflicts. We anticipate that some of the current livestock keeping are hindered by the challenges of having native carnivores dwelling along the park edge and community interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales is the property of Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rodents act as reservoirs, intermediate hosts, or definitive hosts for various zoonotic helminths. Parasitic diseases are among the critical factors affecting the survival and composition of wild rodent populations. Wild rodents share their habitat with domestic free-grazing animals, mainly sheep, stray dogs, and cats, which allows the transmission of helminth infections, such as Toxocara and Trichinella, to these animals. This study investigated the helminth parasite fauna of wild rodents in East Azerbaijan province, north-western Iran, and discussed the possibility of parasite transmission among wild rodents. A total of 204 rodents of 17 different species (spp.) were collected in north-western Iran. Information about the genus, developmental stage, and rodent spp. was recorded for each animal. The gastrointestinal tract, liver, and diaphragm were examined for the presence of helminths. The recovered specimens were identified based on references. The prevalence rate of helminth infection among the captured rodents was 67.16%. Meriones persicus (M. persicus) showed the highest infection and diversity rates. This spp. harbored the zoonotic helminth Capillaria hepatica and some spp. belonging to the genera Toxocara, Syphacia, and Hymenolepis. M. persicus specimens from mountainous areas showed the highest infection rate. This study aimed at evaluating the potential role of wild rodent spp. as reservoirs of helminth infection in East Azerbaijan province, Iran. M. persicus was the most common spp. in our study and represented a higher proportion of the infected rodents in terms of helminth diversity and frequency. Harboring zoonotic helminths, M. persicus represents a health risk. Further studies are recommended to evaluate the prevalence of these parasites in the human community and inform people concerned about the risk of disease transmission to humans through rodents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]