Search

The term 'breakthrough generation' was coined by the German philosopher Hugo Fischer (1897–1975) in 1930, at the very beginning of the Great Depression. This structural notion represents a timeless, emancipation oriented ideal that effectively integrates the relevant positive qualities and abilities of modern and critically thinking man, which he has potentially picked up in the course of his historical development towards a higher humanity as a European and realist, and which he actually possesses as qualities and norms. This complex ethos is intended to form the initial basis on which the modern idea of a European federation is consciously realised. The purpose of this paper is not only to creatively point to these concrete and supporting motivational starting points and qualitative-historical assumptions of the modern European and to place them in a functional framework of intelligibility, but also to recall the important historical-philosophical fact that Fischer's specifically grasped and developed idea of the formation of post-war Europe is very closely linked to the thinking of T. G. Masaryk, whom Fischer admired and respected as a philosopher and statesman and whose democratizing idea of a 'new' Central European space fundamentally inspired him in many ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article re-examines the history of the Mongol Empire's rule over Tibet, analyzing the complex institutional and religious relationships between the Mongol Empire and Tibet from an innovative perspective. We find that, unlike its military conquests in other parts of the world, the Mongol Empire actually formed a kind of federation with Tibet based on Buddhism. The Mongol Empire embraced Tibetan Buddhism as its state religion and venerated the head of the Sakya school as a spiritual guide. Concurrently, the establishment of the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs in the Mongol capital served as a nominal governing body over Tibet, while in reality, it ensured a significant degree of autonomy for the region. Furthermore, the leaders of the Mongol Empire felt endowed with the legitimacy to conquer the world after being blessed by Tibetan Buddhism as Mahakala, the dark incarnation of Avalokiteshvara. In addition, the article also provides a detailed account of the prosperity of Buddhism within the Mongol Empire, in terms of its economic, artistic, and philosophical aspects. The discovery of this evidence is of great significance, since it not only supports reinterpretation of the historical evolution of the Mongol Empire and Tibet, but also allows us to observe the status of Tibetan Buddhism in the Mongol Empire from a new perspective, and to explore the unexpected institutional innovations of the federation reflected in the Mongol-Tibetan relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theory of federation provides an accurate description of EU's functioning, a sound explanation of the source of its political legitimacy, as well as a normative guide to its future reform. It is the most coherent among various theories currently competing to answer the question of EU's political form. Unfortunately, due to its focus on the constitutional aspect of the EU Treaties, it cannot yet properly explain the Treaties' status-transforming effect on the EU Member States. By returning to the federation theories of Pufendorf, Montesquieu and Rousseau, this article shows that the EU Treaties can be understood as simultaneously having the qualities of an inter-state social contract and a federal constitution. The EU Treaties are therefore a concrete example of national sovereignty willingly submitting itself to the rule of law in the strict sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, we have witnessed increased interest in alternatives to the dominant corporate social media sites, such as Facebook, Twitter (now X), and TikTok. Tired of disinformation, harassment, privacy violations, and the general degradation of platforms, users and technologists have looked for non-corporate alternatives. Not-for-profit social media platforms emerging from free/libre and open-source software (FLOSS) communities based on non-centralized infrastructure have emerged as promising alternatives. For applied epistemology of the internet, these alternative social media platforms present an opportunity to study different ways of producing knowledge together online. This paper evaluates the epistemic potential for such alternative, non-corporate social media. I present an epistemological framework for analyzing the epistemic promises and perils of alternative social media. Then I apply this framework to the case of Mastodon, a federated, open-source microblogging platform. Mastodon's structure and culture of openness present opportunities to avoid many of the epistemic perils of biased and untrustworthy large corporate platforms. However, Mastodon's risks include techno-elitism, white ignorance, and isolated, epistemically toxic communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article attempts to refute the widespread opinion in historiography that the form of organization of the USSR, consisting of ethnoterritorial formations of different status, was one of the main factors in the collapse of a single state. It is argued that the idea of federalization of Russia did not belong to the Bolsheviks, but to national parties and movements that demanded recognition of their right to national-territorial autonomy. The article substantiates the position that the national-territorial principle of the internal structure of the Soviet state contributed both to the preservation and strengthening of the national identity of Soviet ethnic groups and to the creation of a civil nation in the form of the Soviet people as a new historical community.

At the time of Federation (1901), Kalgoorlie, (Western Australia), and Broken Hill (New South Wales) promoted themselves as civilized and respectable living communities now that mining had become a series of long-term ventures. The local newspaper was a key player in the construction of this self-image. In order to appear respectable, the Kalgoorlie Miner and the Barrier Miner framed the prostitute as Other. This article contributes to the Federation sex trade and news reporting literature by exploring the gatekeeping of prostitution in two major mining communities between 1896 and 1903. It finds that the newspapers used four frames for presenting the prostitution issue: policing and court, moral judgement, creating the desired community, and the role of the local council. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2016, Cameroon has been experiencing what is perceived as the deadliest conflict in its history over the marginalization and Francophonization of Anglophones and a change in the form of state. This study adopts an intergroup threat approach to examine Anglophones' attitudes towards the current form of state in Cameroon, and the extent to which it is related to support for independence and support for a federation. In a sample of 304 Anglophone Cameroonians, results show that Anglophones perceive the current form of state as a threat, and the perception of threat was found to be associated with negative/unfavorable attitudes towards the current form of state. In addition, this study finds that attitudes towards the current form of state in Cameroon is positively related to support for a federation but negatively related to support for independence. Implications and recommendations for further research are discussed as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neste artigo buscamos compreender o processo de surgimento dos Livros Escolares Regionais no Brasil. Tomamos como referência a Paraíba. Demarcamos o estudo como um recorte temático do projeto de pesquisa sobre Livros Escolares publicados no Brasil no século XIX e primeiras décadas do século XX, desenvolvido no âmbito do Grupo de Pesquisa em História da Educação no Nordeste Oitocentista - GHENO/UFPB. A principal fonte foi o Livro Escolar, particularmente o Livro Escolar Regional. Realizamos levantamento bibliográfico e catalogação de livros escolares regionais de História e de Geografia. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada em acervos na Biblioteca do Arquivo Público do Estado da Paraíba e na Fundação Casa de José Américo. As Histórias das Províncias não encontram espaço para se consolidar na historiografia brasileira durante o Império. Seria com a República federativa, quando as oligarquias regionais passam a controlar o governo federal, o incentivo à produção historiográfica local. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Customs duties were the first sustainable source of revenue for New South Wales, the colonies that hived off from it, and the other colonial settlements in Australia. From Sydney's original three-roomed customs house, with its wooden walls and bark roof, to the magnificent neo-renaissance palazzo of Melbourne, the neoclassical splendour of the Brisbane Customs House, to a Queen Anne confection in Albany, custom houses became symbols of the Australian colonies' growing economic power. Yet, unlike Anglophone Canada and New Zealand, which also engaged in practices of marginalising First Nations peoples and asserting exclusionary Britannic identities, the Australian colonies were parochial. They competed with one another for revenue and protected their own infant industries. Tariffs played an important role in establishing and maintaining this fractured nationalism; they were also instrumental in healing it. Federation was only made possible by the horse-trading over customs duties that is enshrined in the Australian Constitution. Professor John Taylor's tax history practice included extracting uniquely Australian stories from the grand narrative of international taxation. This article seeks to pay tribute to that approach and investigates custom houses at the time of fractured nationalism as a story which, on the one hand is part of the greater British-heritage narrative of indirect taxation and related architecture, but, on the other hand, is specifically Australian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although grassroots initiatives in the renewable energy transition are flourishing, their embeddedness in local contexts challenges their capacity to spread their impact on a broader scale. Certainly, while scaling up has been described as difficult to combine with local embeddedness, little is known on the specific nature of the tensions involved in combining the two. Studying a federation of citizen renewable energy (RE) cooperatives in the south of France, we show that the engagement in a scaling-up process at a regional level generates three main kinds of tensions associated with specific dimensions of local embeddedness: natural, cultural, and political. We emphasize how these dimensions are likely to be threatened when the federation engages the cooperatives in a rapid scaling-up dynamic in which the drive to industrialize projects and find funding is dominant. We acknowledge the effects of these tensions on grassroots sustainability initiatives and collective organizing processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss the emerging technology of digital twins (DTs) and the expected demands as they scale to represent increasingly complex, interconnected systems. Several examples are presented to illustrate core use cases, highlighting a progression to represent both natural and engineered systems. The forthcoming challenges are discussed around a hierarchy of scales, which recognises systems of increasing aggregation. Broad implications are discussed, encompassing sensing, modelling, and deployment, alongside ethical and privacy concerns. Importantly, we endorse a modular and peer-to-peer view for aggregate (interconnected) DTs. This mindset emphasises that DT complexity emerges from the framework of connections (Wagg et al. [2024, The philosophical foundations of digital twinning, Preprint]) as well as the (interpretable) units that constitute the whole.

Continued advances in precision medicine rely on the widespread sharing of data that relate human genetic variation to disease. However, data sharing is severely limited by legal, regulatory, and ethical restrictions that safeguard patient privacy. Federated analysis addresses this problem by transferring the code to the data-providing the technical and legal capability to analyze the data within their secure home environment rather than transferring the data to another institution for analysis. This allows researchers to gain new insights from data that cannot be moved, while respecting patient privacy and the data stewards' legal obligations. Because federated analysis is a technical solution to the legal challenges inherent in data sharing, the technology and policy implications must be evaluated together. Here, we summarize the technical approaches to federated analysis and provide a legal analysis of their policy implications.

The subject of the article. In this article, the processes observed in the sphere of the budgetary method of conducting the state economy – the most important category characterizing the status of the state and territorial entities descending into its composition in the field of public finance are considered. The essence of this category is considered in relation to the budgetary structure of the state and the state structure. The budgetary method of state governance is investigated as a category corresponding to the financial and legal status of the modern Russian state – the Russian Federation. The content of the constituent entities of the study is disclosed from the position of updating the composition of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation – the entry of new constituent entities of the Federation into its composition over the last period, namely the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol, the Donetsk People's Republic, the Luhansk People's Republic.Purpose. The influence of the military situation at the domestic and international levels on the legislative support of the modification of the budgetary method of state governance in the Russian Federation is shown, which was the main goal set by the author in this work. The methodological basis of the article consists of general scientific (dialectics, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and concretization) and private scientific research methods (formal legal, comparative legal, concrete sociological, technical-legal, systemic-structural, historical-legal, logical, etc.).Main results. The influence of the processes taking place in the sphere of the state structure of the Russian Federation, the administrative-territorial division of the state on the trends and possible prospects of modification of the budgetary method of state governance – in terms of changing the approaches of rulemaking to the implementation of financial legal relations corresponding to the budget method and law enforcement practice in this area is considered. Special attention is paid to the modification of approaches to the organization of inter-budgetary relations in the renewed Russian Federation, the ways dictated by the legislator of the formation of budget revenues of new subjects of the Federation and the implementation of public expenditures.Conclusions. The author substantiates that the processes associated with the modification of the composition of territorial entities within the Russian state have an impact not only on the approaches to the organization of power and management, the expansion of the structure of state bodies, but also on legal regulation and law enforcement practice in the field of public finance, the formation, redistribution and use of which is based on-the implementation of the budgetary method of state governance.

Copyright of Studia Historica Brunensia is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since 2016, the Central African country of Cameroon has been experiencing the worst conflict and humanitarian crisis in its history over the systematic marginalization and discrimination of Anglophones and a change in the form of state. This study sets out to explore Anglophone's perception of discrimination, their attitudes towards the form of state (federation and independence), and the extent to which the perception of discrimination predicts attitudes towards the form of state. In a sample of 314 Anglophones, results showed that attitudes towards the form of state were mixed as there was no significant difference between support for independence and support for a federation. In addition, results indicated that the perception of discrimination among Anglophones was significantly high. Lastly, while controlling for the effect of age, level of education, and economic status, the results showed that the perception of discrimination was significantly related to support for independence but not support for a federation. Implications and avenues for further research are discussed as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumo As crises política e econômica que assolaram o Brasil nos últimos anos do governo Dilma resultaram em uma queda substancial nos níveis de confiança no governo central. Estes caíram de 57,10% em 2013, com Dilma Rousseff (PT) como presidente, para 13,35% em 2018. Este artigo investiga o impacto desse fenômeno sobre as atitudes dos eleitores em relação à distribuição de poder entre os níveis de governo no Brasil. Com base em dois surveys inéditos com representatividade nacional, mostramos que a queda de confiança no governo central reduziu o apoio ao aumento do poder da União na federação brasileira, mas, contraintuitivamente, não resultou em crescimento de atitudes descentralistas, em direção distinta da encontrada para o caso norte-americano. A crise de confiança no governo central que se instalou entre esses dois pontos no tempo mudou significativamente a importância da confiança como um fator preditivo de atitudes centralistas. Em conjunto, esses resultados mostram que a opinião pública sobre a federação não se opõe ao nível de centralização existente no Brasil, e também alertam para a importância dos choques de confiança para entendermos como esta última afeta a formação de atitudes centralistas.

The subject of the study is the theory of federalism in the Russian legal science of the 1920s. The purpose of the article is to reconstruct the theories of federalism of the 1920s based on the study of a wide array of publications of this period. The research methodology includes the following methods. The chronological method allowed us to distribute legal facts and their interpretations in chronological order. The comparative legal method was used to compare legal phenomena and institutions of different periods. The method of hermeneutics was used in the interpretation of texts.The following scientific results were obtained.The 1920s were a special period in Russian legal science. The ideological demands of the Soviet government formulated an urgent scientific agenda. At the same time, the political regime of this period allowed for relative freedom of scientific activity. The discreteness and continuity in the study of the problems of federalism are noted. In Soviet conditions, the federal theme was of particular relevance because of its practical significance. The development of the theory of federalism was carried out simultaneously with the approval of the Soviet federal state, the legal consolidation of relations between its subjects. The organizational center for the study of the theory and practice of federalism was located in the system of academic scientific institutions.The problems of federalism in the legal perspective were studied within the framework of state law. In addition, they were part of the subject of a new complex industry, which became known as "Soviet construction".Publications of the 1920s reflected the interdisciplinarity of research interpretations. In the comparative legal aspect, the theory of federalism and types of federations were studied. In the political aspect, the features of the Soviet federation, its differences from the federations of the bourgeois type were studied. The practice of Soviet construction was analyzed and generalized from a practical perspective. The key research issue of the 1920s was to determine the legal nature of the Soviet Federation. Definitions of the legal nature of the RSFSR and the USSR were given. An important conclusion was made about the continuity and continuity of the forms of the Soviet federation. Many questions remained debatable. Clarity was not achieved on the following issues: on the composition of the subjects of the RSFSR; on the combination of national and state sovereignty. For the first time, the question of the place and role of the historical Russian center within the USSR was raised. During the period of the 1920s, priorities in the study of the problems of federalism changed. At the beginning of the period, the main attention was paid to the study of the federation as an effective way to solve the national issue. The federal structure was considered a transitional form of the Soviet state. A state built on the principles of proletarian internationalism was declared promising. At the end of the 1920s, the concept of a large unified state was most actively developed. It was proved that within the framework of the USSR, national demands are satisfied and the interests of all nations are respected.

Abstract The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) plays a crucial role in advancing intelligent transportation systems. However, due to limited processing power, IoV faces challenges in independently handling large volumes of data, necessitating the use of offloading as a solution. Offloading data in wireless environments raises security concerns, highlighting the need for robust data protection mechanisms. This study introduces a secure offloading (SO) scheme within the Fog-Cloud Federation for IoV. The proposed NSO-VFC scheme undergoes both informal and formal analysis using the Avispa tool, demonstrating resilience against active and passive attacks. Performance evaluations indicate that the security measures of NSO-VFC meet acceptable standards compared to similar approaches. Nonetheless, the heightened focus on security incurs higher computational and communication costs than alternative strategies. Simulation experiments using the NS3 tool involve varying numbers of IoVs (50, 70, and 100), revealing that increased IoV density correlates with enhanced packet delivery rates and throughput within the NSO-VFC scheme.

Network federation is a promising approach for organizations to improve their infrastructure by pooling their resources and creating a larger, more scalable network. Despite the many benefits of network federation, there are also significant challenges that must be addressed, such as security, interoperability, and policy management. Various efforts have been underway for many years to develop common standards and protocols, to overcome these challenges. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges and opportunities of network federation, and presents the standardization efforts in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the facts pertaining to the genesis of federal States in general and in particular the Pakistan as a federation. This research also discovers the reasons, for the adaptation of federal system in Pakistan. There are various independent States adopted the federal system, and emerged as a model federation on the World's map. There are 29 Federal States and each State has an exclusive history behind the adaptation of federal system, Particularly the States which were the part of colonial system under the British rule such as U.S, Pakistan Malaysia and India etc. As for as the case study of Pakistan is concerned, the role of a few of political parties in general and in particular the historical role of All India Muslim League and its leadership, the specific role of Quaid-e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah the founder of Pakistan is a vital and is explored by using the secondary source of data collection, descriptive and historical methods of research study. Pakistan was made a federal State in the result of a series of constitutional reforms since the war of independence 1857 to 1947 in the context of Pakistan movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ankara Haci Bayram Veli Universitesi Hukuk Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) plays a crucial role in advancing intelligent transportation systems. However, due to limited processing power, IoV faces challenges in independently handling large volumes of data, necessitating the use of offloading as a solution. Offloading data in wireless environments raises security concerns, highlighting the need for robust data protection mechanisms. This study introduces a secure offloading (SO) scheme within the Fog-Cloud Federation for IoV. The proposed NSO-VFC scheme undergoes both informal and formal analysis using the Avispa tool, demonstrating resilience against active and passive attacks. Performance evaluations indicate that the security measures of NSO-VFC meet acceptable standards compared to similar approaches. Nonetheless, the heightened focus on security incurs higher computational and communication costs than alternative strategies. Simulation experiments using the NS3 tool involve varying numbers of IoVs (50, 70, and 100), revealing that increased IoV density correlates with enhanced packet delivery rates and throughput within the NSO-VFC scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although counterintuitive for many academics and lay people alike, the Canadian environmental movement has long included significant engagement from organized labour. More surprising, perhaps, the most dedicated labour environmentalists came from unions representing workers in the auto, steel, mining, chemical, and oil industries. This was certainly the case in Alberta during the 1970s. There, the Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers (ocaw) used their outsized influence within the Alberta Federation of Labour (afl) to conjoin growing concern about occupational health and safety with developing awareness about air and water pollution beyond the workplace. Drawing on fonds at the University of Calgary Glenbow Archives, Provincial Archives of Alberta, and Library and Archives Canada, this article chronicles and assesses efforts by ocaw officials within the afl to introduce and sustain a labour environmentalist agenda. It also makes an argument for historians interested in the origins and evolution of the Canadian environmental movement to pay closer attention to organized labour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An essential role of systems engineering is to aid in overcoming complexity during development. As system complexity increases, a greater number of organizations are being asked to contribute architecture/design content for systems development. An essential challenge to overcome is how to ensure digital continuity in connecting system models to form systems of systems (SoS) models. Leveraging recent developments in digital engineering (DE) and model‐based systems engineering (MBSE) this paper presents a SysML model federation methodology enabling multiple collaborating organizations to contribute system models and form a descriptive SoS architecture model. Systems engineers applying this methodology are able to reuse constituent system model content to describe the larger SoS behavior and structure while promoting reusability and commonality and are therefore better able to ensure correctness and consistency across development. First, a background through the review of SoS engineering (SoSE) and DE/MBSE literature is provided. Then an MBSE process along with specific methods tailoring the use of SysML within the Cameo Enterprise Architecture tool is presented. This work builds upon a previously published Systems Architecture Model (SAM) development method and is designed to permit style diversity across peer constituent models and ensure that every piece of data has an authoritative source of truth (ASOT) within the federation. This paper then presents the application of this methodology to the Ranger Lunar Rover system by making use of its openly published SysML model. Finally, the benefits and challenges of this methodology are discussed prior to drawing closing conclusions and identifying future areas of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sambo is a martial art whose popularity is growing every year. Therefore, it is important to encourage and recruit potential sambo players for the further development of the sport. A prerequisite is the establishment of communication links to improve existing communication strategies implemented by sambo federations. This is the reason for the relevance of the study, in order to improve the recruitment of athletes and thereby contribute to bringing sambo to a new level using the research findings and recommendations. That is why, in view of all the above, the purpose of this research is to analyse the communication aspect of sambo, identify the main aspects of athlete recruitment and a detailed analysis of the factors that influence the effectiveness of current communication strategies for recruitment; characterise the dynamics of communication of federations and identify successful communication practices; identify the features of the correlation between effective communication and the success of recruitment processes. It is also important to analyse the potential impact of improved communication on the growth and development of sambo. The final question is to provide practical suggestions for improving communication during the recruitment of athletes based on the findings. To achieve this purpose, a number of scientific methods were used, including the general philosophical method, methods of system analysis and synthesis, the method of deduction and induction, and the dialectical method. As a result, we have obtained scientifically significant conclusions and developed practical recommendations for improving communication skills in terms of implementing effective strategies and recruiting.

Lords of All the World is a comparative analysis of the history of the ideologies that shaped the Atlantic empires of Spain, France and Britain from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries. It recounts the evolution of a conception of “empire”, drawn originally from an interpretation of the ancient Roman vision of a single, multi-ethnic political community in which both the citizens of the metropole and the colonists (and in some cases the colonized) shared a common political identity and were bound by a common rule of law. It charts, too, the process by which the understanding of empire as a community initially based on conquest gave way to one based upon development and commerce. From this there emerged a perception of “empire”, as in effect, a form of federation, a transformation which determined the final evolution of the independence movements in both North and South America.

This commentary reflects upon the constitutional and legal foundations of management of natural resources in Australia. It is a revised version of the 2022 Annual Lecture of the Centre for Resources, Energy and Environmental Law delivered at Melbourne Law School on 3 November 2022. Natural resources have shaped Australia’s history, economy, society and environment for almost 200 years, and continue to do so. The exploitation of these resources involves governments as both proprietors and regulators, together with private enterprise as explorers and developers. The complex relationship between governments and private enterprise provides the central theme of this paper. Australia’s federal system of government adds complexity to that relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Australian newspapers detailed the progress of the Papua Act (1905) through the early Australian Federal Parliaments. This article explores this reporting in two leading newspapers of the time: Melbourne's The Age and Sydney's Sydney Morning Herald. Attention is paid to journalist news framing; these include the Othering of the Papuan nation and the presentation of the nations' colonialist interest, especially regarding land and liquor. First, drawing on Critical Discourse Analysis and then on Teun van Dijk's analysis of strategies of cognition, it is found that Othering and the presentation of Whiteness were used to champion the Parliament's approach without challenge or dissent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this essay is to contribute to the understanding of the process of institutionalization of economic and political regions and their fundamental rights in the state of São Paulo, as a guideline for socioeconomic planning and integrated budgetary execution of public administration. The methodological analysis of the regional units is based on quantitative and qualitative data related to the regionalization techniques of the state territory. Thus, the essay offers elements to establish a public institutional debate between the State Executive Power, the municipal governments, the economic agents and the social actors of the civil societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Latin American Federation of Nutritional Therapy, Clinical Nutrition, and Metabolism -- FELANPE, was founded in 1988. It brings together interdisciplinary societies and associations in Clinical Nutrition and Nutritional Therapy from Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as Spain and Portugal. Currently, it comprises representations from 18 countries. The objectives of the Federation are described, taking into account the assumed commitment. This is an observational cross-sectional, multicenter study that included 132 hospitals with more than 100 beds, of high complexity, both state-owned and private, from 14 countries in Latin America that are members of FELANPE. The study assessed hospital characteristics, implementation of nutritional assessment, nutritional diagnosis of patients, the team responsible for nutritional therapy, nutritional therapy (oral, enteral, and parenteral), monitoring, and nutritional follow-up. For this purpose, a digital questionnaire and an explanatory video were designed and validated to ensure the quality of the collected data. Validation was carried out through a pilot study conducted in Paraguay, approved by the Ethics Committee for Research at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the National University of Asunción. The current research has the approval of the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Chemical Sciences of the National University of Asunción and the Ethics Committee of FELANPE. The results presented at the XVIII Latin American Congress of FELANPE in Asunción, Paraguay, on October 12, 2023, serve as a basis for characterizing the implementation of Parenteral and Enteral Nutritional Therapy (medical nutritional therapy) in hospitals in Latin America and are used as technical support for the present Asunción Commitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Espaço Jurídico: Journal of Law is the property of Espaco Juridico: Journal of Law and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study intends to identify those levels of public sphere at which the public choice seems to be optimal, according to the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality, and depending on the scale of public works investments and the historical period, legal context. 20th century Transylvania -- with an area that could comprise in it twice the Belgium's and one whole Netherlands -- being part consecutively of Austria-Hungary, Romania, Hungary (its Northern part) and again Romania (since 1947 People's Republic of Romania) is a good terrain to analyze in the long term the specificities of public administration, public-private investments and the efficiency of public works in different time periods on local, regional and country level, continuing with the comparison of cross-border, trans- and international level public works based on public procurement. The durability and warrant of final product as public goods are also an actual topic, mainly because most of these public goods and historic public buildings approach their lifetime limits and need urgent restoration, nowadays their renovation frequently being financed by the local and state authorities with funds from the European Union's Cohesion or Regional Development Funds. According to a classic Romanian public law and accountability law principle (local-regional) cooperatives had certain facilities in being involved in implementing public works on (local-regional) level without breach in the general law of competition. Based on the local roots of any cooperative and their ideal functioning according to universal principles (democratic structure, delegation of votes, autonomy inside a network or a hierarchical structure with their own supervising and coordinating non-lucrative offices, together with proper financial centers), it was a general rule and many parts in the world it still works as such, except for the neo capitalist oriented former East-Central Europe, where all the preexisting cooperative structures were dismantled and there are no countervailing powers or checks and balances on this market of public works. The historical examples (in a comparative Romanian-Hungarian or Transylvanian Saxon) will surely help in understanding the logic of public procurement policies and investments, works and the efficiency of realizing/ creating public goods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kalgoorlie and the sex industry are synonymous. Around the time of Federation, significant attempts were made by the community to rid itself of prostitution. An important contributor to this endeavour was the local long-running daily newspaper, the Kalgoorlie Miner. To date, research has overlooked its significant role in building community and reinforcing hegemony. The Kalgoorlie Miner's framing of prostitution as the "social evil"—antithetical to Christian living, morals and civility—was a successful position because it appealed to the buying public and maintained pressure on the problem. This article explores the place of newspapers in a given community, Federation Kalgoorlie, and its prostitution. It finds that gatekeeping and community Christianism, particularly the laity, played an essential role in challenging and opposing prostitution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the postimperial political projects of the Sakha national and party intellectuals in the early twentieth century. Focusing on the processes of imagining a postimperial order, it examines the logic of and ways in which the Sakha national intellectuals (the first generation) envisioned educational activity, aspiration to self-government (autonomy) and the idea of federation. After the Soviets seized power in the region, the Sakha party intellectuals (the second generation) adopted and used the experience of the first-generation national intellectuals to establish the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1922. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prevailing analyses highlight Nigeria's transformation by 'soldiers and oil' from a decentralized to a hyper-centralized federation. Nuancing rather than repudiating such analyses, this systematic measurement of de/centralization in Nigeria over the 1954–2020 period demonstrates that centralization was partly rooted in the federation's unitary colonial foundations and, thus, predated the advent of military autocracy. Furthermore, the country's underlying cultural diversity and civilian political institutions exerted complex effects on intergovernmental dynamics, producing shifts in policies and institutional spheres as well as key moments that defied the federation's increased centralization over time. Overall, the Nigerian federation's devolutionary origins, civil/military cycles, economic vulnerabilities, and multi-ethnicity influenced its experiences with dynamic de/centralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Adab Al-Kufa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. The problems of preserving the sovereignty, national identity, territorial and cultural integrity of Russia have become now particularly relevant in the framework of the global confrontation with the West, and have become important factors in the consolidation of Russian society. The purpose of the article is to assess the role of civil society and the expert community’s views on the geopolitical future of Russia in the context of preserving the territorial and cultural integrity of the country as a factor of consolidation of Russian society. Materials and Methods. The empirical basis of the article is the results of the sociological monitoring “How do you live, Russia” (1992–2022) and the data of in-depth interviews of experts obtained as part of the study “Forecasts and alternatives for the development of Russia by the eyes of Russians” (2021), which were conducted with the participation of the authors of the article. The sociological monitoring survey allowed to study the dynamics of citizens’ perceptions of the geopolitical future of the Russian Federation and to trace the connection of the main trends with the indicators of consolidation of society included in the toolkit. In-depth interviews were aimed at identifying the dominant points of the expert community’s view that determine the direction of public discourse. Results. The preservation of the integrity of the Russian Federation and its sovereignty in the long term does not cause doubts among experts or the population, even in the conditions of a crisis and uncertain future associated with the formation of a multipolar world. Optimistic scenarios are considered, emphasizing the strengthening of Russia’s role in the new world order, and pessimistic ones, reflecting isolation models of development. Discussion and Conclusion. Although the multinational composition of Russia and the federal structure can be interpreted as a potential threat to the internal destabilization of the country, a favorable trend in the field of interethnic and interfaith relations in Russia has been observed since 2016. Both the population and the majority of experts are optimistic about the prospects of interethnic and interregional relations against the background of the emerging civil identity. They predict Russia’s powerful progressive development in the future, using as arguments ideologems about Russia’s special path, as well as the achievements of the state in solving social problems and their own hopes.

The page examined the challenges of attaining national integration within a federal state, with a focus on the Nigerian federation. It identifies the challenges in integration efforts in Nigeria as including the colonial rule, and the impact of corruption, lack of good governance, the problem of Nigeria allocation and control, state fragility among others. It concludes that the National integration efforts can be attained through implementation of good governance, constitutionalism, decentralised local system, social mobilisation and effective decentralisation of powers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue d'Histoire Moderne & Contemporaine is the property of Societe d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The classical account of federalism is bipartite. Federal systems are understood to have a dual nature: on the one hand, there is the central government, and on the other hand, there are the constituent units. We argue instead for a tripartite model of federalism. In this model, a third institutional pillar is added to federal systems. This third pillar deals exclusively with matters related to the institutional architecture of the system. We argue for tripartite federalism on three grounds: a tripartite structure would be better suited to accommodate political communities where citizens might currently feel misrecognized by the central government, it would provide a more efficient way to adjust the federal architecture and it would be able to do so in a more democratic manner. We conclude our article with a reflection on the distance between our ideal-typical tripartite model and actual reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1935, a Joint Parliamentary Committee at Westminster reported on 'The Petition from the State of Western Australia in Relation to Secession'. The culmination of a process triggered by a 1933 referendum, when two-thirds of West Australians voted to secede from the Australian Commonwealth, the Joint Committee famously resolved that Western Australia's petition was 'not proper to be received'. Not for the last time in British history, a referendum result promising sweeping constitutional change collided with the practicalities of its implementation. But while Western Australia's secession movement foundered, it nonetheless sparked a series of debates around London's obligations to overseas Britons, Britannic identity, and the future of imperial relations. While previous scholarship has for the most part focused on the local and national dimensions of Western Australian secession, this article examines it as a window onto the complex political partnerships that comprised Britain's interwar empire. It makes the case for the movement's imperial significance and offers the first substantive investigation of its influence on interwar imperial affairs. It argues that West Australian secession deserves more serious consideration than it has traditionally been awarded, not only as a local and national question, but above all as an imperial issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sport federations have a variety of financial profiles, even those operating within a single political context. In France, some federations depend on public funds, whereas others rely on private resources. Existing attempts to understand these differences have been based on just one criterion (Olympic sport or not). This paper draws on resource dependence theory in order to shed further light on this heterogeneity and provide a taxonomy of national sport federations. We analysed the financial profiles of 76 French sport federations during the period 2012–2017. After performing a principal component analysis to reduce the quantity of information, a linear discriminant analysis tests the relevance of differentiating between Olympic/non-Olympic federations. Finally, k-means method is used to conduct a taxonomic analysis and to identify 10 clusters. Five clusters contain non-Olympic federations ("deficient", "focused on elite sport", "non-professionalized", "focused emergent", "elitist"). The others contained Olympic federations ("traditional", "elite federations on life support", "rich network dependent", "powerful mono-dependent", "broad based"). This taxonomic analysis enables to assess financial vulnerability factors for each cluster, notably its dependence on specific resources. The findings will help the public authorities tailor the support they provide to the characteristics of the federations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]