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This article explores the potential of field bean through gamma irradiation. The study examines the frequency of mutations and the correlation between various parameters in irradiated field beans. The germination rate of the seeds decreased with an increase in irradiation dose. Mutants with superior traits were identified and advanced to the next generation for further research. The research provides valuable insights for breeders and highlights the adaptability and potential of field beans.This document discusses the results of a study on induced mutation in field beans. The study found that the mutation resulted in changes in various morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits. Mutant plants that showed superiority in terms of primary branches, pod yield, and seed yield were selected for further studies. The study also conducted correlation analyses to identify relationships between different traits and yield. The majority of significant correlations were positive, suggesting that improving individual traits could lead to improvements in other traits. Overall, the study highlights the potential benefits of induced mutation in field beans.This article discusses the physiological responses of Orthosiphon stamineus plantlets to gamma irradiation. The authors examine the effects of gamma and UV-B/C radiation on plant cells. The research provides valuable insights into the impact of radiation on plant physiology, which can be useful for understanding the potential effects of radiation exposure on plants. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Agronomía Colombiana is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A field experiment was conducted in the research fields belonging to Department of Plant Production, Al-Musaib Technical College during the agricultural season 2017/2018 to study the effect of spraying two types of foliar nutrients in the growth and yield of two cultivars of the broad bean plant. A factorial experiment was applied according to the ordered of split-split plots within the Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) which included three factors, The first is using of two cultivars of broad bean: Spanish cultivar (Luz de Otono) and American cultivar (Basic), and The third factor included the spraying of seaweed extract with three concentrations of (0.00, 4.00, 8.00 ml.L-1), with four spraying, The difference between one spraying and another is 14 days after one month of cultivating seeds of the two cultivars. The results of the study were summarized as follows: 1- Spanish cultivar was excelled on American cultivar in the traits of vegetative growth and yield, which included: leaf area, weight of dry plant, weight of 100 seed and yield of one plant which gave (113.78 cm², 24.23 g, 320.95 g, 268.26 g), respectively. 2- The results of the experiment showed that the plants that were sprayed with licorice extract at concentration of (5.00 mg.L-1) was significantly excelled on the other treatments in most studied traits by giving it the highest average in leaf area, dry weight, weight of 100 seeds and yield of one plant (106.71 cm², 23.52 g, 322.40 g, 246.31 g), respectively. 3- The concentration of (8.00 mg.L-1) from seaweed extract was significantly excelled in all vegetative and yield traits. The highest average was given in leaf area, dry weight, weight of 100 seeds and yield of one plant (111.88 cm², 24.37 g, 332.25 g, 288.42 g), respectively. 4- The bi-interaction between the higher concentration of both licorice and seaweed extracts has recorded a significant response in all the traits studied in the research experiment. The of triple interaction between the three experimental factors (Spanish cultivar, Luz de Otono and the higher concentrations of licorice extract 5.00 mg.L-1 and seaweed extract 8.00 mg.L-1) was significantly affected in all studied traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two crosses of faba bean (Giza716xGiza40) and (Giza716xNubaria2), each represented by six population (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2) were tested for yield, yield components, growth attributes and two diseases (chocolate spot and rust). Heterosis in F1, which exhibited highly significant positive effects were detected for number of branches /plant, number of pod /plant, number of seed /plant, seed yield /plant and plant height in the two crosses over mid and better parents. Significant negative Heterosis effects were obtained for chocolate spot and rust diseases in the two crosses over mid parents. Highly significant positive values of inbreeding depression were detected for number of branches/ plant, number of pods/plant, number of seed /plant, seed yield /plant, 100-seed weight and plant height in both crosses. However, highly significant negative values of inbreeding depression were found for chocolate spot and rust diseases in the two crosses. Over dominance towards the higher parent were detected for number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/plant, seed yield /plant and plant height in both crosses. It was also found that over dominance controls spot and rust diseases in the second cross. Additive gene effects were significant for all characters, excepted number of seed/plant and seed yield/plant in both crosses. Dominance effects were highly significant for all traits, excepted, seed yield/plant and plant height in both crosses and rust disease in second cross. Additive x additive, additive x dominance and dominance x dominance types of gene action were significant for most traits in both crosses, except, chocolate spot and rust disease. In both crosses, high heritability values in broad sense were detected for all traits which, ranged between 63.20 for rust disease and 85.32 % for reaction to chocolate spot and for cross (Giza 716 X Giza 40). However, cross (Giza 716 X Nubaria2) had values ranged from 60.7% for reaction to rust to 70.93% for seed yield/plant in (Giza 716 x Nubaria2). The values of heritability in narrow sense were detected for all traits which, ranged between 60.19 to 80.36% for resistance to rust and chocolate spot disease in first cross, respectively and between 59.36 and 68.42% for number of pods/plant and seed yield / plant in the cross (G.716 x Nubaria.2).The estimates of expected genetic advance from selection in F2 generation reflected low or moderate values for all studied traits in both crosses that ranged between 7.78 cm for plant height to 1.8 for rust disease in cross (Giza 716 X Giza 40) and between 8.13 cm for plant height to 1.84 for number of branches/plant in (Giza 716 X Nubaria2) cross. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was conducted under the conditions of Al-Diwaniya governorate in a special nursery was specially constructed for the experiment during autumn season (2017 - 2018) in order to determine the effect of adding the different levels of iron and magnesium fertilizers normal and nano spraed in 6 levels types of and their interaction in growth, chemical content and active substances in seeds. seeds of Broad bean(Vicia faba) sowing in plastic sacs(16kg capacity) spray dose, after 120 day l took measure. The factorial experiment that consist of two factors and with three replicates was designed by Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD). The first factor consisted of 6 levels of iron and magnesium fertilizer that above-mentioned, while the second factor included 6 levels of the nano (iron and magnesium) compound fertilizer balanced (control, nano Feat recommended level, nano Mgat recommended level, nano Feat double recommended level, nano Mg atdouble recommended level, Mixture (Fe + Mg) atrecommended level). The means of the treatments was compared with a significant difference in the use of the least significant difference (LSD) at the probability level (p ≤ 0.05). The results showed: 1. The superiority of nano fertilizers in all vegetative, yield, chemical stracture and active substances of Broad bean (Vicia faba L.) especially treatment Fe nano conducted. 2. Significant effect normal fertilizers in all vegetative, yield, chemical stracture and active substances of Broad bean (Vicia faba L.) especially treatment Mg normal conducted. 3. The interaction between factors gave the same Significant effect normal fertilizers in all vegetative, yield, chemical stracture and active substances of Broad bean (Vicia faba L.) especially treatment Mg nano double conducted +Mg normal conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Grain yield varied between 0.42 and 4.70 t ha−1 and N 2 fixed varied between 62 and 172 kg N ha−1. • STICS model reproduced adequately faba bean growth, mineral N uptake, N 2 fixation and grain yield. • Water stress was the overriding factor driving yield and N 2 fixation variability. • The calibration can help quantifying the ecosystem services provided by crop rotations with faba bean. Abstract Faba bean (Vicia Faba L.) is the second most widely grown grain legume in Europe after pea (Pisum Sativum L.) and presents several agronomic and environmental advantages when inserted in cropping systems (e.g. decreased dependency on synthetic fertilisers and N provision to the subsequent crop). However, yield variability due to several factors including heat and drought impede wide adoption of faba bean by farmers. Soil-crop models provide quantitative information to evaluate these processes and help to design innovative cropping system including legumes. The STICS model was chosen for its agro-environmental purpose and its genericity allowing crop rotation simulation and robustness for a wide range of pedoclimatic conditions. However, there is so far for STICS no parameterization for faba bean. We calibrated 38 crop related parameters based on literature, direct measurements and sequential estimation using the optimisation tool OptimiSTICS and a dataset of winter faba bean grown in two sites in France with contrasting soil conditions over several growing seasons (2002–2015). Data from 22 experimental plots were used for calibration and the remaining independent 13 plots were used for model evaluation. After calibration, the STICS model reproduced adequately phenology, Leaf Area Index and dynamic growth of above ground biomass, uptake of mineral N, N 2 fixation and grain yield, with satisfactory model efficiency (0.56 to 0.81) and low relative bias (−7% to 2%). The model adequately reproduced the large observed variation in faba bean grain yield (0.42–4.70 t ha−1) and total N 2 fixed at harvest (62–172 kg N ha−1) in the contrasted years and soil conditions of this study. Simulations indicated that water stress was the overriding factor driving yield and N 2 fixation variability. Simulation of temporal crop growth and water stresses during grain onset and grain filling allowed a robust and credible agronomic diagnosis of the causes of this variability for faba bean crops not significantly damaged by pests and diseases. Water supply/demand ratio averaged over a period of six days preceding beginning of grain filling explained 78% of the observed grain yield variability while water deficit factor for N 2 fixation averaged over a period of 20 days following the beginning of grain filling explained 83% of the variability of fixed N 2 at harvest. Our work provides a first calibration and evaluation of the STICS model for faba bean. It offers the opportunity to quantify the ecosystem services associated with crop rotations including faba bean and the effect of climate change on the performance of such rotations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Soil Sciences & Agricultural Engineering is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a rich source of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine (L-DOPA) and thus can be used as an alternative to synthetic compounds for curing Parkinson's disease. Accumulation of biomass and L-DOPA in different organs of eight cultivars of faba bean was investigated in a field-grown study in 2015 and 2016 at the Research and Education Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Plants were harvested at five stages of growth and partitioned into various organs including roots, leaves, stems, pod walls, and fresh seeds. 'Aquadulce' and 'Delle Cascine' outyielded other cultivars in both years. Averaged over 2 yr, Aquadulce and Delle Cascine produced 16,152 and 16,270 kg fresh pods ha-1. Thus, the highest L-DOPA seed yield was obtained from these two cultivars. Accumulation of L-DOPA during faba bean growing period exhibited a quadratic trend and reached its peak values at 65 to 75 d after transplanting, whereas accumulation of dry matter exhibited a linear trend. The results revealed that distribution of dry matter among various organs of faba bean was significantly different among the cultivars. The L-DOPA yield (concentration _ dry matter) varied dramatically among the cultivars where Aquadulce and 'Sweet Lorane' yielded 55.2 and 6.4 kg L-DOPA ha-1, respectively. The superiority of Aquadulce in regard to the L-DOPA yield was primarily due to its photosynthesis capacity, which produced 6871 kg dry matter ha-1, rather than its L-DOPA concentration. We concluded that if the goal of producing faba bean is dual purpose, the leaves can be used as the richest L-DOPA organ, whereas the green pods can be harvested as a cash crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insect pollination is essential for crop production by enabling or increasing seed and fruit set in many crops. The grain legume faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) is partially allogamous and benefits from bee pollination because bees transfer cross-pollen and improve seed set. Here, we study mechanisms behind bee pollination and address the question whether individual bee species differ in their efficiency to pollinate V. faba . We studied the foraging behaviour of bee pollinators in faba bean fields using transect walks, and the species-specific flower constancy based on pollen analyses. For the first time, we examined the species-specific effects of bee pollinators on seed set and degree of cross-fertilisation. We found that the two locally dominant pollinator species, Apis mellifera (56% of all observed individuals) and Bombus terrestris agg. (37%), did not provide efficient pollination service since they mostly robbed nectar. The less frequent species Bombus hortorum (4%), however, revealed to be the most efficient pollinator. It exhibited only legitimate flower visits, high flower constancy and additionally increased seed set and the degree of cross-fertilisation more than any other species. Our study demonstrates especially that less frequent and more specialised pollinator species with long tongues improve pollination and cross-fertilisation of faba bean, which is of great importance in plant breeding and seed production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was conducted at Alwardea farms in Babylon governorate during winter season i. e. 2014-15. The experiments were conducted in silty clay soil to investigate the effect of population density and organic manure on growth and yield of broad bean - Spanish cultivar (Barcelona). Three poultry residue levels (0, 2 and 4 t/ha) and three levels of plant population (180.000, 240.000 and 300.000 plants/ha) were used. RCBD factorial experiment method was followed with three replicates. The results showed that there was a significant difference in organic residue levels. From the results, it was inferred that addition with 4 t/ha was the best choice for optimum plant height, number of branches, chlorophyll content, weight of 100 grains, and total yield when compared to control samples which resulted in low means of the studied parameters. On the other hand, the results revealed a significant difference between the planting density in all growth and yield indicators. The optimum planting density was 180.000 plants/ha in which the number of branches, chlorophyll content in leaves, weight of 100 seeds and total yield (2710 kg/ha) were achieved. The interaction treatment (4 t/ha and 180.000 plants/ha) was significant in all the interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Egyptian Journal of Agronomy is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Double ridge and furrows with plastic mulching (PM), an effective drought-resistant farming technology, has been widely used in the semi-arid areas of China, and increased crop yields by more than 30%. However, where this technology has been applied in successive years, the annual balance of soil water has been affected and the risk of soil desiccation exacerbated. A 6-year field experiment had been conducted on the semiarid Loess Plateau to find a new mode of ecological security and economic efficiency under PM conditions. The two treatments were (i) PM with continuous maize cropping (PM-C) and (ii) PM with maize–fababean rotation (PM-R). The vertical variation of soil water along profile and the interannual variation of soil water, cumulative water consumption, biomass and yield, benefit and water economic yield were investigated. The results showed that the depth of soil water consumption of PM-C was extended downward by 60 cm from 2009 to 2014, but it did not vary in PM-R; the maximum depth of soil water consumption were 280 cm and 220 cm in PM-C and PM-R, respectively. Compared with the pre-seeding stage in 2009, soil water storage in the 0–300 cm depth in 2014-HA for PM-C decreased by 163.59 mm, comprising 5.21 mm in the 0–140 cm soil layer and 158.37 mm in the 140–300 cm layer. However, in the PM-R treatment, the soil water storage in the 0–300 cm depth in 2014-HA increased by 28.36 mm, resulting from an increase of 47.86 mm in the 0–140 cm soil layer and a decrease of 19.50 mm in the 140–300 cm layer. PM-R significantly improved crop water consumption in the post-flowering period, and the ratio of water consumption in post-flowering to total significantly increased by 19.54–51.09% ( P  < 0.05). The biomass and grain yield for PM-R were significantly lower than for PM-C, by 21.36 and 59.14%, respectively. However, there were no significant differences in benefit, mainly because the price of fababean was higher. The soil water depletion in 6 years of PM-R decreased significantly and therefore water economic yield was significantly higher than for PM-C. This suggested that PM-R alleviated the over-consumption of deep soil water and the water depletion depth, which caused by continuous maize cropping in PM-C, and so achieved significantly higher water economic yield by reducing soil water depletion and provided stable economic benefit. Consequently, PM-R represents a sustainable ecological, economic, secure and replicable planting mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Although several studies have examined the effect of sewage sludge (SS) application on various legume crops, there is insufficient information confirming the agronomic and environmental sustainability of SS usage in a broad bean cultivation systems. Therefore, a greenhouse experiment was completed to assess the soil heavy metal (HM) pools, growth, yield, and HM uptake of Faba sativa Bernh. (broad bean) grown in the agricultural soils supplemented with SS in comparison to control soils (nonamended). The experimental design was completely randomized with six replicates. The amendment with SS significantly elevated the organic matter (OM) content, soil salinity and Al, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations, although the soil pH decreased. As allowed by the Council of European Communities, the concentrations of the determined HMs were less than the accepted limit for SS used in agriculture. Generally, SS applications of up to 120 t/ha produced a considerable increase in the growth measurements and biomass of broad bean. However, the broad bean biomass, shoot height, number of branches, root length, absolute growth rate, number of leaves, and leaf area declined in reaction to a rate of 150 t/ha. The HM concentrations in various tissues of broad bean plants exposed to SS were significantly higher than those in the untreated plants. However, most HM concentrations were inside the permissible limits and did not overcome the maximum levels of phytotoxic. The broad bean was recognized by a bioaccumulation factor less than 1.0 for the majority of the HMs. The translocation factors for the determined HMs (excluding for Al, Co, and Pb in stems and leaves) were less than 1.0. Therefore, the SS utilized in this study could be used as a fertilizer for broad bean crops and could as well act as a replacement manner for SS elimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Plant Production is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An experiment was conducted in the field of Horticulture Department, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad to investigate the influence of Vernalization periods on vegetative characters, early and total yield components in broad bean. The experiment included three ranges of temperature (0, 5, 7 and room temperature 25 °C ) and three exposure periods (5, 15 and 25 days ). Randomized Complete Blocks Design was used with three replicates. The result showed that vernalized seeds of broad bean at 5°C for 15 days increased significantly plant height to 86.80 cm.plant-1, number of branches 14.66, dry weight of plant 115.48g and earliness in flowering which lead to significantly increasing in yield and its components while the control treatment showed the lowest values where gave 22.00 pods plant-1, 212.52 g plant-1 and early yield 3.14 ton.ha-1 and total yield 7.48 ton.ha-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] The aim was to clarify the target and approach to purifying and selecting Baoshan Touxinlv broad bean. [Methods] In 2012, 5 homozygous strains were selected successfully as the material, and completely randomized block arrangement was adopted with 3 repeated trials to analyze the effects of plant height, effective length of podding branches, branch number per plant, pod number per plant, grain number per pod and 100-grain weight on the yield of each plant in the system. [Results] The results showed that the effects of the various factors on the yield of Baoshan broad beans were in the order of grain number per pod > effective length of podding branches > 100-grain weight > pod number per plant > branch number per plant > plant height. [Conclusions] Inbreeding new strains of Baoshan broad beans, under the premise of ensuring the seed nature and quality of the original variety, priority should be given to the gain number per pod and the increment of effective length of podding branches, followed by the pod number per plant, branch number per plant, plant height, which is the best way to breed new strains of Baoshan Touxinlv broad beans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agrometeorology is the property of Association of Agrometeorologists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Soil Sciences & Agricultural Engineering is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Intercropping systems play an important role in achieving higher production and increasing the sustainability of agricultural ecosystems. In order to evaluate the quantity and quality of peppermint essential oil and faba bean yield in intercropping systems, a two-year (2015–2016) field experiment was conducted in Iran. The study was performed with different treatments at two harvest times (July and October). The treatments were monoculture of peppermint, monoculture of faba bean, and different ratios of peppermint to faba bean (including 50:50, 34:66, 66:34, 40:60, 60:40, 25:75 and 75:25%). Results demonstrated that the highest peppermint biomass yield (average of two years) was obtained in peppermint monoculture and intercropping ratios of 66:34, 40:60, 60:40 and 75:25 in both harvests. However, the highest and the lowest essential oil content in both harvests were observed in 40:60 cropped pattern and peppermint monoculture, respectively. In addition, the first harvest (July) gave about 20% more essential oil content than the second one (October). The highest essential oil yield in both harvests, however, was observed in 40:60 and 60:40 intercropping patterns. Furthermore, the July harvest gave approximately 52% more essential oil yield than the October harvest. At July harvest, the menthol content was enhanced in ratios of 40:60, 34:66 and 60:40 (increase of 3.3%, 2.8% and 1.8%, respectively) compare to peppermint monoculture. In addition, all intercropping patterns in the October harvest showed a higher content of menthol than monoculture of peppermint. According to the obtained results, intercropping of peppermint with faba bean could improve the essential oil quality by increasing the content of menthol and decreasing the content of menthofuran and pulegone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gene effects for yield and yield component traits in faba bean genotypes of indigenous and exotic origins were estimated using generation mean analysis of five generations (P1 P2 F1 F2 and F3) in nine crosses for ten quantitative traits using two models. By five parameter model preponderance of additive and additive x additive interaction effects was observed with respect to days to maturity, plant height, branches per plant, clusters per plant, pod length, pods per plant and 100 seed weight while preponderance of dominance effect was observed in days to 50% flowering, seeds per pod and yield per plant. By joint scaling test preponderance of additive effects was observed for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, clusters per plant, pods per plant and yield per plant and of dominance and dominance x dominance interaction effect with respect to branches per plant, pod length, seeds per pod and 100 seed weight. Duplicate epistasis was present in one cross each in plant height, pod length, seeds per pod and 100 seed weight, in two crosses each in days to 50% flowering, pods per plant and yield per plant and three crosses each in branches per plant and clusters per plant by five parameter model. However, duplicate epistasis was predominantly present in all the crosses for all the traits except a single cross each in days to 50% flowering, plant height, branches per plant and seeds per pod indicating that selection for improvement may be successful in later generations. It was concluded that the traits showing preponderance of fixable component of variance should be more responsive to selection than the traits with non-fixable component of variance and accordingly the preferable breeding strategy for faba bean improvement has been suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temperature stress strongly affects legumes, rhizobia, and the efficiency of legumerhizobia interaction. An experiment in 2016 was developed to test the seed germination in Petri dishes using different microorganism inoculation under several temperature treatments (4, 8, 12 and 20 °C). The goal of this study was to test the effect of rhizobium inoculation under low root zone temperature, and to examine whether the addition of mycorrhiza fungi could enhance rhizobia resistance to abiotic stress and improve faba bean (Vicia faba) germination. Four faba bean cultivars were selected for the experiment ('Lielplatone', 'Fuego', 'Bartek' and 'Karmazyn'). Four different seed inoculation variants were included in this experiment - 1) with rhizobium inoculation; 2) with a commercial preparation containing mycorrhiza fungi; 3) inoculation with both rhizobium and the mycorrhiza fungi preparation; 4) control variant. The number of germinated seeds, the length of the primary root and the primary root weight ratio were determined. The effect of inoculation was found out to be dependent not only on the temperature treatment, but it also significantly varied between the bean cultivars. Variants where seeds were inoculated with both mycorrhiza and rhizobia resulted in the highest results (length and weight ratio of primary roots), comparing with other inoculation variants, regardless of temperature. Variants where seeds were treated only with rhizobia mostly showed the lowest results - both length and weight ratio of primary roots, especially under treatment of 4 °C. Faba bean inoculation with only rhizobia might not be efficient, when sowing seeds under a low temperature stress. Inoculation with both rhizobia and mycorrhiza fungi could be a potential solution, when the root zone temperature is still below the optimal temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was conducted at the College of Physical Education & Sport Science-University of Baghdad /Jaderiea fields at 2015-2016 season, to study the effect of planting Broad bean and onion either in monoculture or intercropped (bicultural ) interacted with three levels of nitrogen (0,40,and 80 kg N ha-1) on growth and productivity of both crops ,amount of N taken up and on nitrogen budget in a split plot experiment within RCBD in three replicates . Nitrogen application especially 2nd level (80 kg N ha-1) significantly increased growth and yield of Broad bean . Yield of fresh pods increased from 1.36 kg plant-1 at control to 1.74 kg plant-1 with N2. Nitrogen application at 80 kg N ha-1 increased the uptake (content) of nitrogen by 245.11% compared to control. Nitrogen application especially 2nd level (80 kg N ha-1) significantly increased growth and yield of Onion. Fresh weight of onion bulbs increased from 27.3 to 37.2 and dry weight from 17.8 to 22.8 g plant-1 due to the application of the 2nd level of nitrogen. Nitrogen application at 80 kg N ha-1 increased the uptake (content) of nitrogen in onion. Planting Broad bean in monoculture gave better results than bicultural with Onion. However, yield of Broad bean was reasonable in both cultures due to the ability of Broad bean crop for competition with Onion. Monoculture of Onion gave better results than bicultural. In spite of the low production of Onion in bicultural but two crops can be gained at the same field. Results of nitrogen budget revealed that the budget was surplus with Broad bean as a result of N fixation and in shortage with Onion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research was carried out in southern Italy with the aim to assess the quality of faba bean residual biomass and its potential for biorefinery application. Faba bean is a sustainable crop, due to its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, and a large amount of biomass remains after harvest which can be valorised for energy production. Greenhouse and early planting are known to affect pod yield and, in this respect, even the residual biomass quality needs to be assessed. For this purpose, the effects of five planting times (i.e. the dates of transplants ranging from 27 September to 22 November at two-week interval, earlier and later than the common planting date of 25 October in Naples province) on pods yield, residual biomass, and saccharification potential were evaluated in faba bean grown in open field and in greenhouse. The third planting time resulted in the highest fruit and residual biomass yield under greenhouse, whereas the fourth was the best in open field. Harvest index was best affected by the third and fourth planting times in open field. Greenhouse grown biomass showed higher values of lignin, hemicellulose and pectin, compared to open field, whereas the opposite trend was recorded with cellulose. Lignin content showed a gradual decrease from the first to the last planting time (17.7%–13.7% biomass fraction respectively), as well as pectin (from 14.1 to 11.5% biomass fraction); conversely, cellulose increased from the first to the last planting time (from 41.1 to 48.7% biomass fraction). Glucose was the most represented monosaccharide (46.7 mol%), followed by xylose (27.4 mol%) and galactose (9.9 mol%). Overall, the potential of faba bean residual biomass for energy production was best affected by open field growing, the latest planting time and alkali pre-treatment, the latter giving the highest value of saccharification (60.7 g kg −1 h −1 compared to 27.6 relevant to hot water pre-treatment). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this research was to verify whether mineral nitrogen (N) continuously released by organic fertilisers during the field bean growth cycle may be sufficiently high to enhance plant growth and seed yield but sufficiently low that it does not negatively affect nodulation and symbiotic N2 fixation. Plants were grown without N fertilisation, and with mineral and organic N (biosolids) fertilisation. All plant parts were collected and dry matter, N content, %Ndfa, and N2 fixed were measured at 8th node, flowering, and maturity stages. Nodule specific activity, N derived from soil, and N remobilisation were estimated. The nitrate concentration of soil was also determined. Biosolids reduced nodule growth, nodule fixation activity, and N2 fixation during the vegetative but not the reproductive phase. During seed filling, nodule fixation activity increased and N2 fixation was roughly twice that of the Control plants. Biosolids increased seed yield by removing the imbalance between N demand and N supply for pod growth. This may be related to an increase in nodulespecific activity due to the reduction in mineral N in the soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Overyielding in intercropping compared to monoculture has been widely reported. One of the mechanisms may be the alteration of the microbial community in intercropping and especially the amelioration of the negative effects of pathogens that can accumulate in monocultures. Here we test whether inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and wheat take-all disease influences overyielding and whether changes in the microbial communities generate feedbacks on plant growth. Methods: In Experiment 1, wheat and faba bean were grown in monoculture or intercropping to form three planting patterns. Plants were inoculated with or without wheat take-all disease ( Gaeumannomyces graminis), and one, six, or no AM fungi, to create 6 soil conditioned treatments. Soils from Experiment 1 were used as inocula in Experiment 2 to test the feedback on plant growth from monocultures and the legacy benefits of intercropping. Results: No significant influence of AMF on plant growth was observed in either experiment. In Experiment 1, AMF had no significant effect in suppressing take-all but take-all tended to decrease AMF colonization. Shoot biomass and competitive ability of wheat was suppressed by take-all in both experiments. Wheat and faba bean showed overyielding in both the take-all and non-take-all treatment in Experiment 1 but only overyielding in the take-all treatment in Experiment 2. Growth of wheat and faba bean were suppressed in conspecific soil, and this negative feedback was observed across all take-all and AMF treatments, and regardless of competition. Biomass of wheat and faba bean was higher in soil from intercropping than in monoculture soil, and this positive legacy benefit of intercropping did not depend on take-all, AMF or plant competition. Conclusions: We find support for alterations of the soil community causing negative plant soil feedback and positive legacy benefits of intercropping. Our results are consistent with microbial dynamics generating overyielding in intercropping by reducing the negative influence of soil pathogen build-up on conspecific host plants and simultaneously compensatively improving growth of neighbor plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Plant Production is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This investigation was carried out in a demonstrated field at Al-Ibrahimia district, El-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 winter seasons to study the impact of three phosphorus levels (check, 15.5 and 31 kg P2O5/fad.) and five micronutrient spraying treatments [Zn, Mn, Fe, Zn + Mn + Fe and control (tap water)] on faba bean yield (Vicia faba L. cv. Giza 843) and seed protein content. The obtained results could be summarized as follows: Raising phosphorus level to 31 kg P2O5/fad., significantly increased number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and plant, as well as seed and stover yields per fad. Whereas , 100-seed weight and seed protein content were significantly decreased. However, plant height was not significantly affected by phosphorus levels. Micronutrients spraying reflected significant increase in seed yield and yield attributes. The foliar application of any of the following micronutrient treatments i.e. Mn, Fe and Zn + Mn + Fe had significant effect on seed yield per fad., while, micronutrient spraying treatments had insignificant effect on number of branches per plant and seed protein content compared with the control treatment. The interaction between the two factors had significant effects on yield and its components, where the highest seed yield per fad., (13.79 ardab) was achieved by addition of 31 kg P2O5/fad., with Mn foliar application (0.4 g/l). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was carried out during 2009-10 and 2010-11 rabi seasons to find out the effect of irrigation and phosphorus doses on growth, yield and water extraction of broad bean. Crop irrigated at Y = -0.03 MPa at 30 cm soil depth showed 5.33% and 34.97% higher seed yield compared to ψ = -0.05 MPa at 30 cm soil depth and rainfed, respectively and was significantly superior. Treatment receiving 75 kg P2O5/ha was significantly superior with 5.33 t/ha seed yield which was 8.33% and 28.74% higher over 50 kg P2O5/ha and 25 kg P2O5/ha, respectively. Growth and yield attributing characters also followed the trend of seed yield. Irrigation applied at Y = -0.03 MPa at 30 cm soil depth markedly enhanced nodule number, net return (Rs. 32200.98 / ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.32) over other irrigation treatments. Among different P levels the highest nodule number, net return (Rs. 36834.22 / ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.32) were recorded with the application of 75 kg P2O5/ha. The study revealed that, Soil moisture extraction by the crop increased with the advancement of crop growing period and again it decreased till harvest. Moisture extraction rate increased with the increase in moisture status of the soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was carried out in 2007-2009. The investigated factors were: the kind of covers - without covering (control object), perforated foil with 100 holes per 1m2, polypropylene fibre weighing 17 g m−2 and broad beans cultivars - 'Windsor Biały', 'Bizon' and 'Bachus'. Broad bean seeds were sown at the beginning of the second 10-days of April, at a spacing of 50 × 10 cm. Directly after, sowing field was covered by covers, which were left for 3 weeks. Broad bean was harvested in the stage of milky maturity of seeds. Before the harvest, the number of pods per plant was determined. During the harvest, the weight of pods and the yield of fresh seed were determined and productivity of seed from the weight of pods was calculated. Biometric parameters of pods and seeds i.e. length of pods, the number of seeds in the pod and length, width and thickness of seed was performed. It was found that the broad bean covering contributed to increase yield and improvement of the biometric parameters of pods and seeds compared to the control object without covering. The highest yield of pods and seeds produced cv 'Bizon'. The best yield was obtained from plants covered by polypropylene fibre. The seeds of cultivated cultivars were characterized by similar parameters. Polypropylene fibre covering favoured formation of pods and seeds in the pods but did not cause changes in the seeds parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Field experiment was conducted at the field of Agriculture College, Al-Qasim Green University at the agricultural season 2014/2015 to study the effect of two soil fertilizers (compound 18-18-18-at the rate of 200 kg.ha-1 and sheep manure as organic fertilizer at the rate of 10 tons.ha-1) as well as control, and their interaction with foliar fertilizer of sea weed extract and urea as well as control (without the spray) on broad bean plants. Randomized Complete Block Design was used with three replication. The experimental unit contained 3 ridges (3m long and 80 cm apart, planted on both sides at distance of 25 cm) in saline soil (9.6dS.m-1). The results showed that chemical or organic soil fertilization led to increase plant height, plant branches number, plant leaves, leaf chlorophyll content and leaf percentage content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium significantly compared to control treatment. Add compost Chemical. On the other foliar fertilizer caused a significant increase in all traits above compared to control (without spraying). The interaction between soil and foliar fertilizers had a significant effect on all traits above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research was to investigate different levels and the combined effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on the nodulation and yield components of faba bean (Vicia faba L.). A large seeded 584-066 accession numbered faba bean line, which was taken from a breeding program of the Field Crops Department, was used in the experiment. Four different nitrogen (0, 30, 60, 90 kg/ha) and three phosphorus (0, 40, 80 kg/ha) levels were applied to the soil at the sowing time. The number of pods/plant, biological and grain yield per unit area, together with grain and plant N content, were increased by 60 kg/ha nitrogen combined with 40 kg/ha phosphorus applications. The highest nodule and nodule weight/plant and 100-kernel weight were obtained from 80 kg/ha phosphorus and 30 kg/ha nitrogen combination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study evaluates the efficiencies of faba bean, turnip and radish grown as sole crops and when radish and turnip intercropped with faba bean on growth, yield and quality characteristics. A field experiment was carried out during 2014- 2015 and 2015-2016 seasons at the Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. Intercropping of turnip and radish with faba bean resulted in significantly higher yields of both crops (turnip and radish) as compared with their sole cropping. All other characteristics (plant growth and yield components) of all the two crops which indicate yielding efficiency enhansment as a result of intercropping. Analysis of intercropping treatments revealed that faba bean intercropping with turnip increased the yield of turnip by (50.87- 51.13%)when planting were done in sprinkle and by(18.1819.35%) when planting were done in hills as compared with sole crops in the first and second seasons respectively. However intercropping radish with faba bean resulted in the highest yield in radish by (66.74- 67.48%) when planting were done in sprinkle and by (75.27-81.55%) when planting were done in hills as compared with sole crops in the first and second season respectively.Yield of faba bean increased when intercropped with radish by(9.82-13.16%) rather than intercropping with turnip or sole cropping. Land equivalent ratio (LER) of faba bean-radish intercropping was, on average,2.7 for both years.With regard to faba bean- turnip intercropping, (LER) was, on average, 2.6 for both years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two field experiments were conducted at Mallawi Agricultural Research Station, Minia Governorate during 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons to study of some faba bean varieties (Giza 843, Giza 3, Giza 716, Nubarai 1and Sakha 3) under different plant densities 84.000 plants /fed. (spacing between rows 50 cm), 70.000 plants /fed.(spacing between rows 60 cm) and 60.000 plants /fed. (spacing between rows 70 cm) and plant distribution (sowing on one and two sides/row) on yield and yield components of faba bean. Results showed that faba bean cultivars varied highly significantly on plant height, weight, Number of pods/plant, 100-seed weight (g), Seed yield/plant and Seed yield (ardab/feddan), during the two growing seasons. The highest value of plant height, Number of pods/plant and Seed yield (12.93 pod and 11.18 ardab/fed.) was obtained by Giza 843 variety compared with the other varieties in both seasons. While Giza 716 produced the highest values of plant weight (62.13 and 62.5 g) in both seasons, respectively. The heaviest 100-seed weight (g) and Seed yield/plant were achieved by Nubarai 1 variety in the first and second seasons. Plant density had significant effect on plant height. In the first and second seasons 84000 plants/feddan recorded the tallest plants (101.01 and 101.25 cm, respectively). Concerning the plant distribution, planting on two sides/rows produced the heightSeed yield (9.88 and 8.43 ardab/fed.) in both seasons, respectively. Compared with the planting on one side /row. Regarding to the first and second order interactions in both seasons the results showed that the differences in seeds yield per feddan were not significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Field bean (Vicia faba L. var. minor) is one of the major leguminous crops cultivated in the world and mainly destined for animal feed. Although its seed is generally recognised as a good protein source, little is known about its mineral elements profile, which is an important aspect for a balanced animal diet. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to assess the seed mineral elements composition, along with some key production parameters, in eight field bean genotypes grown in a Mediterranean environment, without intensive management, over two years (2009/10 and 2010/11). Independently of the year, the seed of Chiaro di Torre Lama was the richest in phosphorus (P), magnesium, calcium and iron contents, while that of Sint 6 and Motta Chiaro 69 were the most effective accumulators of potassium and zinc, respectively. While all the genotypes yielded better in the second year (with more rainfall), the seasonal effect on seed mineral elements composition depended on the genotype. Indeed, the P content was 46% lower in Chiaro di Torre Lama, Motta Chiaro 69 and Sint 6 in the second year, while there was only a negligible seasonal effect for Sint 8 with respect to Fe content. Overall, this crop is reasonably productive under a low management regime and its seed can supply significant amounts of certain minerals (particularly P) in feed formulations. Both aspects are important in a perspective of optimising field bean production in the Mediterranean area and, hence, improving farmers' income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Plant Production is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Faba bean is one of the oldest crops that originated in the Fertile Crescent and is now distributed around the world and produced under different agro-climatic conditions. It is mainly cultivated in high rainfall and irrigated areas which are favorable for the development of foliar diseases causing severe crop losses. The purpose of this study was to identify new sources of resistance to the three key foliar diseases. A total of 2000 accessions, breeding lines and populations were screened for resistance to chocolate spot, Ascochyta blight and rust diseases from 2005 to 2012, at Lattakia Station, Syria. A total of 30 lines combining Ascochyta blight, chocolate spot and rust resistance were identified from accessions collected from China, Italy, Jordan, Lebanon and Spain. These new sources of resistance will enhance the development of faba bean breeding lines with combined resistance to the three foliar diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungal phytopathogens cause considerable crop yield reduction if not managed well. Use of synthetic chemicals is a conventional method of managing plant pathogens. However, the negative environmental impact of using synthetic chemicals prompted the search for plant-based compounds, which are relatively safer to the environment than synthetic agro-chemicals. In this study, crude extracts of pepper tree (Schinus molle) were evaluated through in vitro and in vivo tests to suppress growth of Botrytis fabae and to manage chocolate spot of faba bean (Vicia faba L.), respectively. Growth inhibitory effects were evaluated by applying different concentrations of aqueous, methanol and ethanol leaf extracts of S. molle or extraction solvents (control) using agar diffusion method in the laboratory. The laboratory experiment was done in a completely randomized design with three replications. The efficacies of leaf extracts of S. molle were evaluated through in vivo test after spraying the extracts and scoring the disease incidence and severity on V. faba (variety Shallo) grown in the field right after the detection of disease symptoms at 61 day after planting (DAP) up to 89 DAP on a weekly basis. The design for the field experiment was randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Mancozeb 80WP was used as a check or control treatment. Results of the in vitro test showed that all extract types had antifungal properties and significantly reduced mycelial growth in a concentration-dependent manner. Growth inhibitory effects also varied with extraction solvent. Results of the in vivo experiment showed that disease severity was significantly reduced by all types of S. molle extracts and particularly that of methanolic extract was on a par with the synthetic fungicide, Mancozeb 80WP. Corresponding to reduced disease severity, extract application increased grain yield by ca. 38- 95% when compared with the negative control. Therefore, it could be concluded that, S. molle extracts can be considered as one of the alternative means of suppression of the negative effects of this fungus. However, screening of the active principle(s) of S. molle leaf extracts is subject to further research for effective utilization of this plant in crop protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Plant Production is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aerodynamic properties of agricultural materials are the physical properties considering the reaction of agricultural material piles or seeds against airflow. The airflow resistance of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) seed piles was experimentally determined and mathematically modeled for two different moisture contents (11.4 % and 25.8% w.b.) for the superficial air velocities ranging from 0.0225 to 1.395 m3∙m-2∙s-1. Modified Shedd's equation and Hukill-Ives equation can be interchangeably used to design aeration systems for the storage and drying bins of faba bean seeds. The terminal velocity values are 11.68 and 12.87 m∙s-1 for the moisture contents of 11.4% and 25.8% (w.b.), respectively. The drag coefficient values are 1.02 and 0.88 for the moisture contents of 11.4% and 25.8% (w.b.), respectively. Moisture content increased terminal velocity but decreased drag coefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Field experiments were conducted at Agarfa and Sinana Districts, south eastern part of Ethiopia with the objective of to evaluate high yielding faba bean varieties during the main cropping season of 2014. The following Eight improved faba bean varieties Mosisaa, Moti, Gebelcho, Hachalu, Shallo, Tumsa, Wolki and Degaga were used for evaluating their performance and the following data were recorded: effective tiller per plant, plant height, pods per plant, grain per pod, days to 90% physiological maturity, 100 grain weight, and grain yields were taken from the middle three rows and ten sample plants. The result revealed that there is a variation between the varieties for most yield and yield components. In both locations, maximum pods per plant were recorded from Degaga variety (20.39 and 22.6), whereas lowest number of pods were counted at Hachalu (12.46) and Tumsa (11.67) varieties at Agarfa site from Gebelcho variety (13.46) at Sinana experimental site. The maximum 100 grain weight was recorded from Gebelcho variety (94.33) at Sinana and Hachalu variety (80.33) at Agarfa experimental site. In both locations, the maximum harvesting index and grain yield were recorded at Shallo variety with 44.76%, 43.85% 4886.8 kg/ha and 4701.6 kg/ha at Agarfa and Sinana, respectively, while minimum grain yield was recorded from Hachalu and Moti varieties with 3436.2kg/ha and 3703.7kg/ha yield at Sinana and Agarfa district, respectively. Therefore, from the result we conclude that Shallo variety was performed good yield and recommended to the local farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducing autumn-sown legumes into Central European farming systems could be beneficial for addressing two challenges for European agriculture, i.e., the substantial deficit of protein sources for livestock and expected changes in agroclimatic conditions. Therefore, a two-year field experiment was conucted under Pannonian climate conditions in eastern Austria to assess nitrogen (N) yield and N fixation of several winter faba bean varieties from different European countries as compared to a spring faba bean. Winter wheat was used as a reference crop for estimating atmospheric N fixation. Winter faba beans were susceptible to frost damage especially in the harder of the two winters. Winter faba bean varieties could not achieve a higher grain yield and a higher grain N yield than the spring faba bean but had a higher grain N concentration (except for one variety). Grain yield and grain N yield of faba beans were severely impaired by drought in one year (with a mean of varieties of 8.3 g N m−2, winter wheat: 6.4 g N m−2); in the other year, grain N yield of faba beans considerably surpassed that of winter wheat (with a mean of varieties of 21.5 g N m−2, winter wheat: 8.8 g N m−2). After harvest, faba beans left higher nitrate residues in the soil, especially in the subsoil, and higher amounts of N in above-ground residues compared to winter wheat. Faba beans showed high N fixation under optimum conditions (with a mean of varieties of 21.9 g N m−2) whereas drought considerably impaired N fixation (with a mean of varieties of 6.3 g N m−2; with no differences between autumn- and spring-sown faba beans). In conclusion, growing winter faba bean varieties in eastern Austria did not result in higher grain yield, grain N yield, and N fixation compared to growing a spring faba bean. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Drought is a major limiting factor in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) production in the Mediterranean region, which is known for its irregular water distribution and moderate moisture levels (~500 mm rainfall). In this study, faba bean genotypes were evaluated for spectral indices, yield traits, rhizobium nodulation and yield stability under diverse environments, and their relationships. Eleven faba bean genotypes were evaluated under two water regimes, rainfed and supplemental irrigation (SI), in 2008-09; and under three water regimes (rainfed, 50% and 100% soil water capacity irrigation) for three consecutive growing seasons (2009-10, 2010-11, 2011-12), at Tel Hadya in Syria. They were also evaluated at Terbol in Lebanon for one season (2011-12) in a split-plot experiment with three irrigation treatments and at Kfardan in Lebanon for two seasons, 2008-09 (rainfed) and 2010-11 (rainfed and SI). The genotypes included three cultivars and eight drought-tolerant breeding lines selected at <300 mm annual rainfall. Phenological and morphological traits were recorded, as well as nodule weight per plant, grain yield, biological yield and spectral reflectance indices. Data were statistically analysed for each year. There were significant genotypic differences for seed yield under SI and rainfed conditions in 2008-09, and full irrigation in 2009-10 and 2011-12. Days to flowering and maturity were significantly different among genotypes for rainfed and irrigated conditions. There were significant differences between water regimes and genotypes, but their interactions were not significant. FLIP06-010FB was the highest yielding and most stable among the tested genotypes across different environments. Days to flowering and days to maturity were positively correlated with grain yield. The spectral indices structure-insensitive pigment index and normalised pheophytinisation index were found to correlate positively with grain yield and could therefore be used for selection under drought-prone environments. This article contains a brief introduction on the status of drought conditions affecting the crops, the purpose of this research. It contains also the materials used, experimental design adopted, morphological and physiological traits measured and statistical analysis used. Results were presented in narrative way and in tables and graphs; those results were discussed. A list of references has been also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A substantial deficit of protein sources for livestock and expected changes in agro-climatic conditions are two challenges for European agriculture. Both can be addressed by introducing more autumn-sown legumes into Central European farming systems. Therefore, a three-year field experiment was conducted under Pannonian climate conditions in eastern Austria in which several winter faba bean varieties from different European countries were compared to a spring faba bean variety. Winter faba bean was susceptible to frost damage. Best overwintering was observed with the German variety Hiverna and the French variety Diva. Regarding overwintering, the first winter allowed for a clear differentiation between varieties, in the second winter, severe frost caused loss of almost all winter faba bean plants and in the third winter, which was mild, most varieties showed good overwintering. Grain yield of winter faba bean was mainly determined by variations of plants m−2(i.e. by overwintering) whereas compensatory mechanisms between yield components had a minor influence on yield formation. No grain yield advantage could be observed for winter faba bean varieties compared to the spring faba bean variety even in the year with good overwintering. Regarding yield components, winter faba bean had generally more shoots plant−1and a higher thousand kernel weight but spring faba bean tended to have more pods shoot−1and grains shoot−1whereas pods plant−1, grains plant−1and grains pod−1generally did not differ. In conclusion, limited winter hardiness together with the minor influence of compensatory mechanisms between yield components on yield formation are serious constraints for increasing the cultivation of winter faba bean in Central Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alternative sustainable agriculture under the pressing impacts of climate variability on crop production is a primary concern in the Ethiopian development agenda towards sustained food security. Use of integrated crop management through climate resilient cultural practices that target diversity of produce, yield stability, losses due to pests, and reduction in economic and environmental risks is an appropriate strategy for sustainability of agricultural production. Field studies were conducted in Hararghe highlands, specifically at Haramaya during the 2012 and 2013 and at Arbarakate in the 2013 main cropping seasons to assess effects of integrated climate change resilient cultural practices on faba bean productivity. Three on-farm-based climate change resilient cultural practices: intercropping, compost application and furrow planting alone and in integration with the other practices were evaluated using Dagaga and Bulga-70 faba bean varieties and Melkassa-IV maize variety. The results showed that furrow planting with compost application in row intercropping increased soil moisture by up to 3.23% and cooled the soil temperature by up to 1.06°C compared to sole cropping at Haramaya in 2013. Furrow planting with application of compost led to production of the highest (3.47 t ha-1 in 2012 and 4.25 t ha-1 in 2013) faba bean grain yields at Haramaya. The same treatment at Arbarakate produced the maximum (5.29 t ha-1) faba bean grain yield in 2013. This was closely followed by the yield obtained in response to the application of compost at both locations in 2013 and by the yield obtained in response to furrow and sole cropping at Haramaya in 2012. Compost fertilization with or without furrow planting led to the production of consistently heavier grains. The total Land Equivalent Ratio (1.01 to 1.76) indicated a higher grain yield advantages of faba bean-maize intercropping over sole faba bean cropping at both locations over the two years. The overall results demonstrated that integrated climate resilient cultural practices significantly increased productivity of the crop as a result of enhancing contents of soil nutrients, soil moisture, soil organic carbon, and regulating soil and canopy temperatures as well as through buffering the root environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve controlling Broomrape (Orobanche crenata) grown in faba bean crop via new approaches as planting modern cultivars under different times of spraying Roundup® ((glyphosate 48% WSC)) as herbicide and foliar application of some micronutrients (Fe, Mn and Zn), was conducted in a private farm in El-Horreya village, Abou El-Matamir, El-Behira governorate, Egypt, during two successive winter seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 in sandy loam soil. The experimental design was a split- split plot design with three replications, where as the treatments were distributed at random as follows; Roundup® (glyphosate) spraying times (without, one time, or two times) were applied at main plots, while foliar spray of micronutrients (Fe, Mn and Zn) were allocated in the subplots and field bean cultivars (Nubaria1, Nubaria 2 or Nubaria 3) were located in the sub-sub plot. The main results indicated that spraying Roundup® (glyphosate 48% WSC) twice where, the first spraying applied beginning the flowering while the second spraying was applied after two weeks from the first treatment at 180 cm3 (Roundup)/480 L (water)/ha.), caused significant increase of faba bean yield and reduced number and weight of broomrape as compared with other treatments. “Nubaria 2” cultivar achieved the highest mean values for most of yield characters, while the cultivar Nubaria 3 gave the lowest values. On the other hand, spraying micronutrients 2 times after 45 and 60 days from sowing achieved higher yield and its components of faba bean under the study condition in El-Behira Governorate, Egypt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to study diseased leaves in broad bean. Results showed that the infrared spectra of different broad bean diseased leaves were similar, which were mainly made up of the vibrational absorption bands of protein, lipid and pdysaccharide. There were minor differences including the spectral peak position, peak shape and the absorption intensity in the range of 1 800-1 300 cm-1. There were obvious differences among their second derivative spectra in the range of 1 800-1 300 cm-1. After the procedure of the Fourier self-deoonvolution and curve fitting of health bean leaves and broad bean diseased leaves in the range of 1 700-1 500 cm-1, three sub-peaks were obtained at 1 550 cm-1 (protein amide II band), 1 605 cm-1 (lignin) and 1 650 cm-1 (protein amide l band).The ratios of relative areas of the bands of amide II, lignin, and amide I were 38.86%, 28.68% and 32.47% in the spectra of healthy leaves, respectively, it was distinguished from the diseased leaves (chocolate spot leaf: 15.42%, 42.98% and 41.61%, ring spot leaf:32.39%, 35.63% and 31.98%, rust leaf: 13.97%, 46.40% and 39.65%, yellowing leaf curl disease leaf: 24.01%,36.55% and 39.44%). For sub-peak area ratios (A1 563/A1 605, and A1 563/A1 654). those of four kinds of diseased leaves were smaller than that of healthy leaves, and there were also differences among four kinds of diseased leaves. The results proved that FTIR combining with curve fitting might be a potentially useful tool for detecting different kinds of broad bean diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduced the definition and importance of combination of staple food. With broad bean nutrition flour as a sample, the preparation of the combination of staple food was also described. In addition, the main nutritional value of broad bean nutrition flour was introduced. Compared with those of other single flours, the nutritional value of broad bean nutrition flour was improved. Moreover, the nutrients in the broad bean nutrition flour would not be destroyed during the processing and preparation of staple food, and the processed steamed bread and raw noodle are more characteristic. The application value and prospects of broad bean nutrition flour, as a combination of staple food, were further discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]