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Objective To explore correlation between serum bilirubin and sleep disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Methods Total 79 PD cases from He'nan Provincial People's Hospital, and 77 age and sex matched controls were recruited from October 2021 to October 2022. The Unified Parkinson Disease Rating ScaleⅢ(UPDRSⅢ) was used to evaluate motor symptoms, modified Hoehn⁃Yahr staging was used to evaluate disease severity, Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder Questionaire⁃ Hong Kong (RBDQ ⁃HK) was used to access the severity of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to access the sleep quality, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was used to access the occurrence of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). The levels of serum total bilirubin (TBIL), indirect bilirubin (IBIL) and direct bilirubin (DBIL) were measured. Results Seventy⁃nine PD patients were divided into the early PD group (n = 47) and middle⁃late PD group (n = 32). The levels of TBIL (Z = 4.988, P = 0.000; Z = 3.917, P = 0.000), IBIL (Z = 4.860, P = 0.000; Z = 3.827, P = 0.000) and DBIL (Z = 4.054, P = 0.000; Z = 3.468, P = 0.002) in the early PD group and middle⁃late PD group were lower than those in the control group. Correlation analysis showed serum TBIL levels were negatively correlated with PSQI score (r = ⁃ 0.310, P = 0.006) and ESS score (r = ⁃ 0.254, P =0.027), serum IBIL levels were negatively correlated with PSQI score (r = ⁃ 0.284, P = 0.013), serum DBIL levels were negatively correlated with RBDQ⁃HK score (r = ⁃ 0.244, P = 0.034), PSQI score (r = ⁃ 0.288, P = 0.012) and ESS score (r = ⁃ 0.295, P = 0.010). Conclusions Serum bilirubin in PD patients were lower than those in the control group inferring that a decrease in serum bilirubin might be a potential mechanism for the occurrence of PD. The lower serum bilirubin was, the more severe sleep disorders in PD patients were.

In the current study, an analytical treatment is studied starting from the 2+1-dimensional generalized Hirota-Satsuma-Ito (HSI) equation. Based on the equation, we first establish the evolution equation and obtain rational function solutions by means of the bilinear form with the help of the Hirota bilinear operator. Then, by the suggested method, the periodic, cross-kink wave solutions are also obtained. Also, the semi-inverse variational principle (SIVP) will be utilized for the generalized HSI equation. Two major cases were investigated from two different techniques. Moreover, the improved tanχξ method on the generalized Hirota-Satsuma-Ito equation is probed. The 3D, density, and contour graphs illustrating some instances of got solutions have been demonstrated from a selection of some suitable parameters. The existing conditions are handled to discuss the available got solutions. The current work is extensively utilized to report plenty of attractive physical phenomena in the areas of shallow water waves and so on.

Five fluorescent labels were synthesized and used in the preparation of polystyrene fluorescent microspheres by the dispersion copolymerization and absorption method. Spectral properties of copolymerization fluorescent microspheres in tetrahydrofuran indicated these individual characteristics of labels should be maintained in the fluorescent microspheres. The differences of the fluorescent spectra between five fluorescent microspheres and their corresponding parent labels in ethanol have been investigated. These fluorescent microspheres were characterized by environmental scanning electron microscopy, laser scanning confocal microscopy and fluorescence spectrophotometry. They exhibited good dispersion and stable and high fluorescence intensity. Furthermore, copolymerization fluorescent microspheres were functionalized with amino groups. This means that a method for the preparation of copolymerization fluorescent microspheres was developed as a platform for the generation of functional fluorescent microspheres for diverse applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C15H15ClF3NO3S, was synthesized from 3-[(E)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and methyl 3-aminothiophene-2- carboxylate. The propenyl and carboxamide substituents lie on the same side of the cyclopropane ring plane, with the two methyl substituents on either side of the plane. The molecular conformation is stabilized by an N—H⋯O hydrogen bond and the crystal packing shows C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The benzene ring in the title compound, C17H19ClF3NO, makes a dihedral angle of 66.7 (3)° with the plane of the cyclopropane ring. The crystal packing is stabilized by an N—H⋯O hydrogen bond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new mixture of 4- and 7-chlorofluorescein were synthesized by condensation of resorcinol with 3-chlorophthalic anhydride in the presence of methanesulfonic acid or zinc chloride. These regioisomers were successfully separated by chromatography. The photophysical properties were examined and their absorption and emission maxima at long wavelength, high fluorescence quantum yield, and narrow emission bandwidth were found, highly favorable for detecting multiple target substances in the same sample. Furthermore, 4(7)-chlorofluorescein was found to be strongly pH-dependent between 4.0 and 8.0, and could be used as pH-sensitive fluorescent probe to measure intracellular pH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solubility of (+)-(S)-2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl) propanoic acid {otherwise commonly known as (S)-Naproxen} in pure methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl ethanoate, and propan-2-ol was measured at temperature ranging from (278 to 320) K at atmospheric pressure. A laser monitoring observation technique was used to determine the dissolution of the solid phase in a solid + liquid mixture. The experimental solubility data were correlated with a semiempirical Apelblat equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C9H12N2, crystallizes with two almost identical molecules in the asymmetric unit. The ring containing the N atom in the tetrahydroquinoline system adopts a half-chair conformation. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular N—H...N and N—H...π hydrogen bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the title compound, C15H14BrClF3NO, the benzene and cyclopropane rings make a dihedral angle of 76.3 (3)°. The amide and methine H atoms are both linked to the amide O atom in an adjacent molecule by a pair of intermolecular hydrogen bonds, N—H...O...H—C, leading to the formation of chains along the b axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C18H15F4NO4, is an inter­mediate in the synthesis of tetra­fluororhodamine. The dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 73.5 (3)°. There is an intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond. In addition, the structure is stabilized by inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the title compound, C8H5ClN2O, the quinazoline system is approximately planar with a maximum deviation from the least-squares plane of 0.034 (2) Å. In the crystal, classical N—H...O and weak non-classical C—H...N hydrogen bonds link the molecules.

In the title compound, C15H14Cl2F3NO, synthesized by the reaction of 3-[(E)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and 2-chloroaniline, the aromatic ring makes a dihedral angle of 76.7 (3)° with the plane of the cyclopropane ring. In the crystal, intermolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into chains running along the b axis.

The phenyl ring in the title compound, C15H14ClF4NO, makes a dihedral angle of 80.3 (3)° with the cyclopropane ring. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H...O hydrogen bonds into chains running along the a axis.

The title compound, C17H19ClF3NO, crystallizes with three molecules in the asymmetric unit. The aromatic ring makes dihedral angles of 38.69 (13), 46.68 (12) and 50.52 (11)° with the plane of the cyclopropane ring in the three molecules. The crystal packing is stabilized by intermolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds.

The title compound, C19H17ClF3NO, was synthesized from 3-[(E)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and 2-aminonaphthalene. There are two molecules in the asymmetric unit. The dihedral angle between the naphthalene and cyclopropane units is 111.6 (5)°. Molecules are connected into chains by intermolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds. One of the Cl atoms is disordered over two positions with occupancies 0.653 (15) and 0.347 (15).

There are two molecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C16H17ClF3NO. The benzene ring in each molecule makes a dihedral angle of 66.6 (3)° [116.3 (4)° in the second molecule] with the plane of the cyclopropane ring. The F atoms of the CF3 groups are disordered equally over two positions. The amide hydrogen is linked with the amide oxygen in another molecule by an intermolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond. The packing can be described as a dimeric arrangement of molecules linked through N—H...O hydrogen bonds.

The title compound, C21H19ClF3NO, was synthesized from 3-[(E)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and diphenylamine. The propenyl and carboxamide substituents lie on the same side of the cyclopropane ring plane, with the two methyl substituents on either side of the plane. The phenyl rings of the carboxamide are inclined at an angle of 84.6 (3)° to one another. The F atoms are disordered over two positions; the site occupancy factors are ca 0.6 and 0.4.

The title compound, C18H31NO, was prepared from 3,5-di- tert-butyl-4-hydroxy­benzaldehyde through an indirect reductive amination process. There are two mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit which are linked by an O—H⋯N hydrogen bond [O⋯N = 2.784 (4) Å]. This mol­ecule pair is, in turn, linked into a four-mol­ecule centrosymmetric cluster by a second inter­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond [O⋯N = 2.852 (3) Å]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Febuxostat, a novel nonpurine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (XO), may be used in the prevention and management of atrial fibrillation (AF). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of febuxostat on atrial remodeling in a rabbit model of AF induced by rapid atrial pacing (RAP) and the mechanisms by which it acts., Methods: Twenty-four rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: sham-operated group (Group S), RAP group (Group P), RAP with 5 mg/kg per day febuxostat group (Group LFP), and RAP with 10 mg/kg per day febuxostat group (Group HFP). All rabbits except those in Group S were subjected to RAP at 600 beats/min for four weeks. The effects of febuxostat on atrial electrical and structural remodeling, markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, and signaling pathways involved in the left atrium were examined., Results: Shortened atrial effective refractory period (AERP), increased AF inducibility, decreased mRNA levels of Cav1.2 and Kv4.3, and left atrial enlargement and dysfunction were observed in Group P, and these changes were suppressed in the groups treated with febuxostat. Prominent atrial fibrosis was observed in Group P, as were increased levels of TGF-β1, Collagen I, and α-SMA and decreased levels of Smad7 and eNOS. Treatment with febuxostat attenuated these differences. Changes in inflammatory and oxidative stress markers induced by RAP were consistent with the protective effects of febuxostat., Conclusions: This study is the first to find that febuxostat can inhibit atrial electrical and structural remodeling of AF by suppressing XO and inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.

Background: Sleep deprivation contributes to the development and recurrence of ventricular arrhythmias. However, the electrophysiological changes in ventricular myocytes in sleep deprivation are still unknown., Material and Methods: Sleep deprivation was induced by modified multiple platform technique. Fifty rats were assigned to control and sleep deprivation 1, 3, 5, and 7 days groups, and single ventricular myocytes were enzymatically dissociated from rat hearts. Action potential duration (APD) and transient outward current (Ito) were recorded using whole-cell patch clamp technique., Results: Compared with the control group, the phases of APD of ventricular myocytes in 3, 5, and 7 days groups were prolonged and APD at 20% and 50% level of repolarization (APD20 and APD50) was significantly elongated (The APD20 values of control, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days groups: 5.66±0.16 ms, 5.77±0.20 ms, 8.28±0.30 ms, 11.56±0.32 ms, 13.24±0.56 ms. The APD50 values: 50.66±2.16 ms, 52.77±3.20 ms, 65.28±5.30 ms, 83.56±7.32 ms, 89.24±5.56 ms. P<0.01, n=18). The current densities of Ito significantly decreased. The current density-voltage (I-V) curve of Ito was vitally suppressed downward. The steady-state inactivation curve and steady-state activation curve of Ito were shifted to left and right, respectively, in sleep deprivation rats. The inactivation recovery time of Ito was markedly retarded and the time of closed-state inactivation was markedly accelerated in 3, 5, and 7 days groups., Conclusions: APD of ventricular myocytes in sleep deprivation rats was significantly prolonged, which could be attributed to decreased activation and accelerated inactivation of Ito.