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Since the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) approved its new policy in July 2021 to allow collegiate athletes to monetize their names, images, and likenesses (NIL), most of the focus on this change has revolved around which universities and sports benefit or suffer from the changes. What has not been discussed as much (perhaps understandably) is what the possible transfer tax implications could be with respect to these NIL payments, especially when athletes may use these payments to take care of family and friends. This article will address some of those potential issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is common in contemporary sport to liken the notion of the team to that of the family. That is, the family is used to evoke team life. Portraying the team as a family usually implies a positive evaluation. Despite its prevalence, the team as a family equation has not been analyzed in the sport philosophy literature. Thus, the purpose of this article is twofold. First, it explores whether the team is to be equated with the family. To discuss the nature of the family and the team, I draw together the work of several sport philosophers with that of Laura Wildemann Kane. Second, and considering what characterizes the team, this article investigates whether teammates have special responsibilities to one another by virtue of their relationship and the value attached to it. I propose that the team as a family equation does not align with the constitution of these two social groups and that teammates have special responsibilities to one another, but such responsibilities are different from those observed in the family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: It is difficult for families to navigate and access services for their children with autism. Barriers to service access are compounded among families from low-resourced backgrounds. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to explore the development of an app to facilitate access to services among families of children with autism from low-resourced backgrounds. Our specific aims were to explore feedback from an advisory board about the app and to explore feedback from navigators about the app. METHODS: Via a multistage codevelopment process, we elicited feedback from 5 key parties: the research team, a community organization, the app development team, the advisory board, and family navigators. Collectively, 36 individuals provided feedback about the development of the app via individual interviews, focus groups, observations, and surveys. The key features of the app included a dashboard showing the service needs of the family and related resources, a messaging feature between the family, the navigator, and the supervisor, and a fidelity checklist and evaluation feature. RESULTS: The advisory board provided feedback about the app to increase its user-friendliness, include the ability to develop an action plan, improve the identification of needed services, and add information about service providers. Navigators suggested that the app should connect navigators to one another, have a clearer purpose for the notes section, and reflect an easier log-in process. Navigators also wanted training to role-play using the app. After participating in a role play using the app, navigators reported significantly more satisfaction with the app and greater usefulness (P

The onset of retirement and children leaving the family home may offer a "window of opportunity" for individuals to influence regular moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity; therefore, this study examines the feasibility of a moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity intervention among recently retired participants (RET) and parents (P) with children who recently left the family home. A total of 46 inactive RET and nine inactive P were randomized to a 10-week web intervention (n = RET = 25/P = 4) or waitlist control (n = RET = 21/P = 5). Intervention techniques followed the multiprocess action control framework. Enrollment (37.5% for P; 40% for RET), retention (89% for P; 83% for RET), and satisfaction were high. One hundred percent of intervention-sectioned participation increased moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity compared with 52% of controls; large effect size differences were observed for key multiprocess action control constructs. Participants were highly satisfied with the intervention; however, recruitment challenges of P support moving to a randomized controlled trial for only the RET group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Prior research has consistently shown that the involvement of families plays a vital role in reducing risk behaviors, such as engaging in condomless sex, and promoting HIV prevention behaviors among young Black men who have sex with men (YBMSM). With the aim of expanding the existing knowledge, this study aimed to examine the specific influence of families and other supportive adults in facilitating casual condom use, partner condom use, HIV testing, and preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) utilization among young Black MSM. METHODS: A sample of YBMSM aged 18-29 years (N = 400) was collected online. We used a path analysis to examine the influence of family factors on PrEP stigma and PrEP use. Respondents were recruited from December 1, 2021, to January 31, 2022. We used a path analysis to examine the direct and indirect effects of family factors on PrEP use through HIV testing and encouraging condom use. RESULTS: Among BMSM, other adult support was positive and directly associated with condom use by both casual partners (β = 0.04, p

Physical items are often taken for granted in mediated communication between grandparents (GP) and young grandchildren (GC). This article puts "constitutive nonhumans" at the center of inquiry to understand the potential of physical items and communication technologies to communicate over distance. The notion of phaticity operationalizes the role of constitutive nonhumans to establish and maintain contact over distance, which might have pleasurable or unpleasurable outcomes. A relational view on agency supports the entanglement of humans and nonhumans when they cooperate to communicate over distance. The article reports on a two-phase qualitative study that was conducted in two European countries with 10 GP (aged 60–75 years) and 10 GC (aged 6–11 years). The results identify how the entanglement between constitutive nonhumans conflates emotional connection and contact. Furthermore, the results suggest that the condition of familiarity can direct contact to pleasant or unpleasant outcomes that might differ across mediated and co-located communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expansion of the U.S. carceral system profoundly shapes motherhood for marginalized women, yet little is known about how mothers navigate a child's incarceration. We use in-depth interviews with mothers of incarcerated men (n = 69), most of whom identify as Latina, to understand how jail incarceration shapes women's motherwork practices throughout the duration of their sons' incarceration. Building on theories of decarceral motherwork, we find that women with incarcerated sons engage in multiple practices—including crisis, collective, and hypervigilant motherwork—similar to those of formerly incarcerated Black mothers. We advance these insights, revealing how motherwork operates among a different population of system-impacted mothers—those with sons incarcerated in jail. First, we highlight the temporal process of motherwork by documenting the specific practices mothers adopt before, during, and after their son's incarceration. Second, we reveal how this motherwork process engenders substantial parenting role strains. Third, we find that cumulative parenting strains commonly lead mothers to engage in an additional motherwork strategy, distanced motherwork, which we define as the proactive—although often temporary—withdrawal of emotional, financial, and instrumental support to children. Thus, by illuminating patterns of motherwork in the context of a child's jail incarceration, and by systematically linking motherwork to parenting role strains, we advance an understanding of parenting in the shadow of the criminal legal system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the existence of singular directions, singular radii and indirect singular points of holomorphic curves in P n ⁢ (ℂ) . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let 풦 + ⁢ (σ) = { ℙ (ϑ , σ) ⁢ (d ⁢ ζ) : ϑ ∈ (0 , ϑ + ⁢ (σ)) } be the Cauchy–Stieltjes Kernel (CSK) family generated by a probability measure σ which is non degenerate and has support bounded from above. Consider the concept of V a -transformation of measures introduced in [A. D. Krystek and L. J. Wojakowski, Associative convolutions arising from conditionally free convolution, Infin. Dimens. Anal. Quantum Probab. Relat. Top. 8 2005, 3, 515–545] for a ∈ ℝ . We prove that V a ⁢ (ℙ (ϑ , σ)) ∈ 풦 + ⁢ (σ) for all a ∈ ℝ ∖ { 0 } if and only if the measure σ is of the free Gaussian (semicircle) type law up to affinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practical, rapid development of chemical leads for drug discovery depends strongly on scalable building block synthesis procedures. N-Heterocyclic moieties, especially unsaturated ones, remain essential tools in the hands of screening and medicinal chemists. Here, we report four novel chemical block families and the interconversions between them. The synthesis of 4,4-disubstituted 3-oxopyrrolidones was an essential milestone in the diversity-oriented production of 3-aminopyrrolidones, 3-hydroxypyrrolidones, and 3,3′-difluoropyrrolidines. These compounds can be functionalized with conformationally flexible spirocyclic substituents. We developed a multigram procedure to access 4,4-disubstituted 3-oxopyrrolidones from commercially accessible and cost-saving reagents via a short three-step procedure. Here, we report the robust conversion of 3-oxopyrrolidones into 3-aminopyrrolidones, 3,3′-difluoropyrrolidones, and 3-hydroxypyrrolidones, involving a minimal number of steps. We demonstrate the scope and limitations and further perspectives for such synthetic approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities and their families and professionals often engage in person-centered planning to determine current and future supports needed to improve quality of life. Previous practice focused heavily on applying for disability specific supports referred to as formal supports and waiting hopefully, with no guarantee benefits would be provided or that benefits would adequately support a good and valued life. It is critical to process expand perspectives to consider integrated supports, a concept that encompasses both natural community-based supports combined and woven together with formal eligibility-determined supports, if available. This conceptual paper describes the current limitations of dependence on formal supports and supports the use of integrated supports that combine natural and formal supports using the Integrated Support Star, a tool within the Charting the LifeCourse. The five parts of the Integrated Support Star include a variety of aspects of life: Personal strengths and assets, Relationship-based supports and roles, Community resources, Technology-based solutions, and Eligibility specific supports. The authors describe how each of these portions of the Integrated Support Star can provide a way to expand the person-centered planning process using integrated supports to achieve a self-directed and supported life that does not only depend on eligibility-based supports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the relationship between journalism, caregiving, and family-building, focusing on women journalists in Portugal. Drawing on a critical thematic analysis of thirty interviews, it explores an analytic framework that includes cultural, structural, and agentic dimensions of career limitations, organised in three overarching themes. The first examines how women journalists experience work constraints stemming from traditional cultural ideals where women are still the main caregivers and work cultures that perpetuate a male perspective on professional routines. The second theme explores the mismatch between work and care responsibilities that arises from prevailing family structures and work processes. The third theme centres on how women journalists respond to constraints by making choices and developing strategies. Journalists' reflexive deliberations about career decisions, employment conditions, family life and cultural assumptions underpinning parenthood demonstrate the complex interrelationship between cultural and working structures, organisational materiality, and agency. Together, these dimensions replicate patterns that make journalism more inhospitable for women. A central point in this research is that while a systemic gender bias exists beyond the sector, workplace inequalities are particularly consequential for journalism and democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The welfare state planning of the Nordic countries can be said to have been carried out as political acts of state care and concern of (some of) their citizens, to tackle poverty and poor housing conditions, and provide more equal living conditions for the whole population. The Million Programme Housing Project (MP) was an ambitious project carried out to combat housing shortage in Sweden in the 1960s and 1970s, which also resulted in traffic separation, car-free courtyards and housing blocks, and recreational green infrastructure. By analysing accounts of walking in 47 interviews around the everyday mobilities of 31 families living in three disadvantaged MP areas in three cities in Sweden, we suggest that the walking practices can be regarded as 'caringscapes'. The narratives of the participants illuminate how walking is both self-care, other-care, and neighbourhood-care. Taken together, these different facets of 'caringscapes' of walking are further discussed in relation to walking as an enacted and practiced infrastructure of care. This conceptual framework of care captures the different experiential facets of walking and highlights the embodied, interdependent, and relational aspects of walking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the independent and interactive effects of perceived social support (positive ties) and relational stress (negative ties) on loneliness in later life. To that end, we differentiate the sources of social support, tap multiple items to measure relational stress, and analyze a large cross-national dataset containing probability samples of older adults across 28 countries (N = 12,449). Our analysis demonstrates that the relationship between perceived social support and loneliness is source specific. A key finding is that perceived social support particularly from family is negatively associated with loneliness. Older adults who name friends and 'others' (e.g., coworkers, neighbors, acquaintances) as the most important source of support exhibit higher levels of loneliness than those who choose kin members. By contrast, relational stress, regardless of its source, is positively associated with loneliness. Moreover, this positive relationship between relational stress and loneliness is stronger for those who select others as the primary source of social support, lending credence to the concept of reverse buffering. Taken together, our findings underscore the importance of the sources of social positivity and social negativity in examining the interrelationships between positive ties, negative ties, and loneliness in later life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study examined parents' accounts of how their extended kin networks shaped and were shaped by the child protective services (CPS) process. Background: Arguably the most important recent shift in child welfare policy has been a move away from non‐relative foster care and toward kin placement. Yet increasing family complexity along with network disadvantage may weaken kin support. Method: This study draws on 81 in‐depth interviews with a sample of parents with prior involvement with the CPS system in New Jersey. Our sample includes 54 Black, 19 white, and 8 Hispanic parents. We used inductive analysis and iterative, qualitative coding to interpret participants' accounts and classify their networks. Results: Parents often indicated that the quality of kin ties helped to steer case outcomes, benefitting parents with supportive and resourced family connections and impairing those isolated from family or embedded in disadvantaged networks. State intervention in the family also affected kin ties, often compromising parents' relationships with relatives. Conclusion: The results of this study reveal that child welfare agencies prioritize kin support as a solution to addressing family needs even though the parents who come under the purview of CPS often lack supportive kin networks. This study has implications for understanding the family safety net and the role of kin networks in government processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate longitudinal associations between the presence of early childhood routines– predictable and repeatable functional practices that promote healthy growth, development, and relationships – and adolescent health outcomes. Design: Secondary data analysis. Setting: 20 large U.S. cities. Subjects: 2943 children with socioeconomic disadvantage from the Future of Families cohort. Measures: Routines at age 3 (shared family meals, bedtime routine, daily reading); outcomes later in the same children at age 15 (healthy routines, overall health, psychological well-being). Analysis: Descriptive statistics, regression analyses. Results: We detected longitudinal associations between early childhood routines and later adolescent routines (increased count of shared family meals by parent report [IRR 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.24, P = 0.007], bedtime routine and daily reading by adolescent report [aOR 1.34, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.67, P = 0.008; aOR 1.18, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.38, P = 0.04; respectively]). A bedtime routine in early childhood was associated with excellent health in adolescence (aOR 1.42, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.79, P = 0.004]. Adolescent routines were concurrently associated with overall health and psychological well-being. We also detected two longitudinal patterns of associations suggesting multiple mechanisms for how early childhood routines influence later health and well-being. Conclusion: Early childhood routines predict adolescent routines, and may contribute to long term adolescent health outcomes. Future studies may promote childhood routines during critical developmental stages as a strength-based strategy to promote long-term health and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Prior mental healthcare utilisation presents an important window of opportunity for providing suicide prevention interventions. To date, no reviews have consolidated the help‐seeking needs of individuals in contact with mental health services. This warrants further attention given this group may have different needs for interventions compared with the general population who have not sought help previously. Aim: The purpose of this rapid scoping review was to summarise the available literature on help‐seeking needs related to suicide prevention among individuals in contact with mental health services from healthcare settings. Method: Cochrane rapid review and Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodologies were adapted, and databases, including MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycInfo and EMBASE, were searched. Results: A total of 42 primary studies were included in analysis. Reported barriers and facilitators to help‐seeking behaviours identified within studies were mapped onto the socio‐ecological model. Barriers and facilitators identified included knowledge and attitudes towards healthcare utilisation, family and peer support, interactions with healthcare professionals, provision of holistic care, and the creation of a supportive atmosphere and safe space to promote open discussions of suicide‐related concerns. Discussion: The findings of this review offer valuable insights into areas for improvement in addressing help‐seeking needs for individuals who are in contact with health services related to suicide prevention. Implication for Research: The findings serve as a foundation for shaping mental health initiatives informing approaches and care delivery tailored towards individuals who are in contact with health services. The reported barriers and facilitators offer insights to inform the development of mental health support tools to enhance care and considerations for evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: The Relevance of Our Study to Mental Health Nursing: What is known on the subject?: The study's findings are crucial for mental health nursing, as they highlight the significant impact of cyberbullying on adolescents' mental health in Egypt. What this paper adds to existing knowledge?: By establishing a clear link between cyberbullying, family income, and mental health issues such as anxiety, stress, and depression, the research underscores the need for targeted interventions and support systems. What are the implications for practice?: Mental health nurses can utilize this information to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies, advocate for policy changes, and educate families and communities.Addressing cyberbullying and its effects can lead to improved mental health outcomes, demonstrating the critical role of mental health nursing in supporting affected adolescents. Summary Statement of Implications for Practice: What Does This Research Add to Existing Knowledge of Cyberbullying Among Adolescents?: This study brings attention to the widespread occurrence of cyberbullying among adolescents in Egypt and its substantial impact on their mental health. The research indicates that cyberbullying, along with family income, collectively explains more than 60% of the variation in mental health. These results underscore the importance of developing strategies to address cyberbullying and taking socioeconomic factors into account when addressing mental health issues in adolescents. What are the Implications of This New Knowledge for Nursing Care with Adolescents?: School nurses should be knowledgeable about the prevalence and effects of cyberbullying on the mental well‐being of teenagers. They need to be equipped to recognize signs of cyberbullying and associated mental health issues, such as anxiety, depression, and stress.Educating adolescents, parents, and school staff about the dangers of cyberbullying and prevention methods is a crucial role that school nurses can play. This may involve teaching safe internet usage, promoting open communication about online experiences, and encouraging positive online behaviour.When evaluating mental health needs and planning care for adolescents, school nurses should consider their economic status. They should advocate for resources and assistance for low‐income families to help alleviate the impact of financial stress on mental health. How Could the Findings Influence Policy, Practice, Research, or Education?: It is important to introduce policies that provide financial support to families with lower incomes, as the research has shown a strong connection between a family's monthly income and its members' mental well‐being.Educational institutions, including schools, should introduce programs to prevent bullying, with a specific focus on cyberbullying.It would be beneficial for researchers to explore the effectiveness of various interventions in reducing cyberbullying and improving mental health outcomes.It is crucial to integrate education on cyberbullying into school curricula in order to raise awareness about this issue and to teach students how to respond if they or someone they know becomes a victim of cyberbullying.Educating parents and teachers about the indicators of cyberbullying and its potential impact on mental health is important so that they can offer support to adolescents who are experiencing cyberbullying.Further research is needed to address other covariates that could impact cyberbullying, such as addictive personality traits, impulsive seeking behaviours, and parenting styles. Background: Cyberbullying, a significant concern in today's digital age, has a profound impact on teenagers' mental health, leading to stress, depression, anxiety, low self‐esteem, and, in severe cases, suicidal ideation. This study aimed to explore the effects of cyberbullying on adolescents' mental health. Methods: The study employed a cross‐sectional descriptive research design conducted at five public secondary schools in El‐Beheira governorate, Egypt. A total of 500 students were selected through a multistage sampling technique, yielding a response rate of 96%. The instruments used for data collection were the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale‐21. Results: The findings revealed that 27.4% and 32.0% of respondents reported high levels of victimization and cyberaggression, respectively. Furthermore, 72.2%, 44%, and 52.6% of students exhibited severe to extremely severe levels of anxiety, stress, and depression, respectively. The study also found that cyberbullying and family monthly income accounted for 61.6% of the variance in stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms (adjusted R2 =.614). Conclusion: The study concludes that cyberbullying is a prevalent issue among adolescents in Egypt, with a majority of students experiencing moderate to high levels of cybervictimization and aggression. This leads to varying degrees of anxiety, stress, and depression. The study also established a significant relationship between cyberbullying and mental health issues among adolescents. Moreover, both cyberbullying and family monthly income were found to significantly influence mental health, with higher levels of cyberbullying and lower income associated with increased stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Patient or Public Contribution: No Patient or Public Contribution. Implications for Nursing Practice: It is important for nurses working with adolescents to have an understanding of how common cyberbullying is and how it can affect mental health. They should receive training to be able to recognize signs of cyberbullying and mental health issues, such as anxiety, depression, and stress. Nurses can teach adolescents, parents, and school staff about its dangers and ways to prevent cyberbullying. This may involve educating adolescents on safe internet practices, promoting open communication about online experiences, and encouraging positive online behaviour. Lastly, considering the strong connection between income and mental health, nurses should also take into account the socioeconomic status of adolescents when assessing their mental health needs and planning care. They should work to secure resources and support for low‐income families to help alleviate the impact of financial stress on mental health. Additionally, further research is needed to address other covariates that could impact cyberbullying, such as addictive personality traits, impulsive seeking behaviours, and parenting styles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research reports findings from a study to explore the efficacy of a video-based training with college students to determine the extent to which the training shifted student perceptions of hazing, increased willingness and ability to intervene in situations where hazing is occurring, and altered student perceptions of hazing social norms. The study included two experimental groups and a control group at each of the three data-gathering sessions at three U.S. universities. Each of the universities belonged to the Hazing Prevention Consortium and had demonstrated a willingness to prevent hazing on their campuses. The 17-minute hazing prevention documentary We Don't Haze, developed using a bystander intervention framework, was administered in two experimental conditions: video-only and video plus facilitated discussion. Participants (n = 318) were members of a leadership development program, resident advisors, and club sport athletes and were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups or the control group. Students who viewed the video-based training and students who viewed the video and engaged in a follow-up facilitated discussion significantly shifted their perceptions of hazing and indicated an increased willingness and ability to intervene and help others who are experiencing or have experienced hazing, compared to students who viewed a general leadership video. The results of this study indicate that the tested hazing prevention trainings—both the stand-alone video, We Don't Haze, and the video plus discussion—hold promise for strengthening knowledge of the full range of harm associated with hazing, while amplifying perceptions that support hazing prevention and diminishing perceptions that contribute to normalizing hazing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A generalization of the famous Caccetta–Häggkvist conjecture, suggested by Aharoni, is that any family F=(F1,...,Fn) ${\rm{ {\mathcal F} }}=({F}_{1},\ldots ,{F}_{n})$ of sets of edges in Kn ${K}_{n}$, each of size k $k$, has a rainbow cycle of length at most ⌈nk⌉ $\lceil \frac{n}{k}\rceil $. In works by the author with Aharoni and by the author with Aharoni, Berger, Chudnovsky, and Zerbib, it was shown that asymptotically this can be improved to O(logn) $O(\mathrm{log}n)$ if all sets are matchings of size 2, or all are triangles. We show that the same is true in the mixed case, that is, if each Fi ${F}_{i}$ is either a matching of size 2 or a triangle. We also study the case that each Fi ${F}_{i}$ is a matching of size 2 or a single edge, or each Fi ${F}_{i}$ is a triangle or a single edge, and in each of these cases we determine the threshold proportion between the types, beyond which the rainbow girth goes from linear to logarithmic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we define a new equivalence relation ' ∼ ' on the set of all Hadamard inequivalent complex Hadamard matrices of order 4 and show that pairs (u , v) of equivalent matrices u ∼ v produce an infinite family of potentially new subfactors of the hyperfinite type I I 1 factor R. All these subfactors are irreducible with the Jones index 4 n , n ≥ 2 , including all possibilities. We also show that this family contains infinitely many infinite-depth subfactors. As an application, we compute the Connes–Størmer relative entropy and the angle between the pair (R u , R v ⊂ R) of spin model subfactors arising from the pair (u , v) of equivalent matrices. On the other hand, pairs (u , v) of inequivalent matrices u ≁ v lead to subalgebras of R with infinite Pimsner–Popa index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the earnings differential between users and non-users of networks of Indonesian internal migrants. By exploiting the Indonesian Family Life Survey wave 5, we employ endogenous switching regression to handle the self-selection bias in the model. We find evidence that the inherent characteristics of the migrants create a tremendous earnings gap between the two agents. Users of networks experience a wage penalty compared to non-users of network. We also find that education has a dominant impact on increasing the earnings discrepancy for migrants. These suggest that network users find it difficult to catch up on the earnings of their non-user counterparts. In addition, the study reveals that networks are not necessarily the only influencing factor of earnings differential. Moreover, the study specifically suggests that hiring channel through networks supports migrants in securing employment. However, the low education levels of the migrants restrict them from enjoying higher earnings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While a number of studies have examined the risk of reentry after exiting foster care, few studies have examined the risk of rereport to Child Protective Services (CPS) in the United States. Understanding more about rereports may help identify targets for supportive services that prevent reentry and promote safety. This study is the first to use nation-wide linked data to examine the risk of rereport for reunified children. The sample included children reunified after experiencing their first episode in foster care with at least one CPS report prior to care. With a 2000-day observation period, flexible parametric survival models with time varying hazard ratios were used to model the hazard or rereport conditional on prior CPS and foster care characteristics. Over 50% of the sample experienced a rereport after reunification. Results indicate that children entering foster care following a history of multiple CPS reports prior to placement were at substantially increased risk of rereport after returning home. A group of children with shorter stays in care had a high risk of recurrence within the first month, but this was not true over time. Implications for future research as well as permanency planning and addressing the needs of families with chronic reports are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adjusting to life changes posed by an acquired brain injury (ABI) can be challenging for both individuals with ABI and their families. The current study explores the experience of adjustment, incorporating similarities and differences in this process as reported by the family members and individuals with ABI. Method: Thirty-nine participants, recruited from a regional brain injury charity group, took part in semi-structured interviews (20/39 individuals with ABI, 19/39 relatives). Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings: Three main categories of adjustment were developed: adjusted to life after ABI, partially adjusted to life after ABI and not adjusted to life after ABI. However, it is the complexity of experiences within these main categories which uncovers the diversity in individual experience. Of specific interest are adjustment as best case and resigned adjustment responses which indicate a level of burden for the person experiencing these feelings of adjustment. Conclusions: The categories of grateful acceptance and resigned acceptance were specific to relatives and show the need to look beyond the individual with ABI to identify where support may be required for a family as a whole. On the basis of these findings, we offer an inclusive, family-oriented conceptualization of adjustment to brain-injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To estimate the effect of influenza vaccination disparities. Methods. We compared symptomatic influenza cases between Black and White races in 2 scenarios: (1) race- and age-specific vaccination coverage and (2) equal vaccination coverage. We also compared differences in household composition between races. We used the Framework for Reconstructing Epidemiological Dynamics, an agent-based model that assigns US Census‒based age, race, households, and geographic location to agents (individual people), in US counties of varying racial and age composition. Results. Influenza cases were highest in counties with higher proportions of children. Cases were up to 30% higher in Black agents with both race-based and race-equal vaccination coverage. Compared with corresponding categories of White households, cases in Black households without children were lower and with children were higher. Conclusions. Racial disparities in influenza cases persisted after equalizing vaccination coverage. The proportion of children in the population contributed to the number of influenza cases regardless of race. Differences in household composition may provide insight into racial differences and offer an opportunity to improve vaccination coverage to reduce influenza burden for both races. (Am J Public Health. 2025;115(2):209–216. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307878) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this note we prove that a finite family \{X_1,\dots,X_d\} of real r.v.'s that is exchangeable and such that (X_1,\dots,X_d) is invariant with respect to a subgroup of SO(d) acting irreducibly, is actually invariant with respect to the action of the full group SO(d). Three immediate consequences are deduced: a characterization of isotropic spherical random eigenfunctions whose Fourier coefficients are exchangeable, an extension of Bernstein's characterization of the Gaussian and a characterization of the Lebesgue measure on the sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider two different SU (2) 2 -invariant cohomogeneity one manifolds, one non-compact M = R 4 × S 3 and one compact M = S 4 × S 3 , and study the existence of coclosed SU (2) 2 -invariant G 2 -structures constructed from half-flat SU (3) -structures. For R 4 × S 3 , we prove the existence of a family of coclosed (but not necessarily torsion-free) G 2 -structures which is given by three smooth functions satisfying certain boundary conditions around the singular orbit and a non-zero parameter. Moreover, any coclosed G 2 -structure constructed from a half-flat SU (3) -structure is in this family. For S 4 × S 3 , we prove that there are no SU (2) 2 -invariant coclosed G 2 -structures constructed from half-flat SU (3) -structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]