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Objetivo: Un número cada vez mayor de matronas recomiendan los Ejercicios Hipopresivos (EH) como terapia de ejercicio alternativa en la recuperación abdomino-pélvica del post-parto. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los efectos de un protocolo de rehabilitación basado en ejercicio hipopresivo (EH) sobre la sintomatología de Incontinencia Urinaria (IU) de mujeres multíparas.Metodología: Estudio descriptivo de una serie de casos realizado en la unidad de rehabilitación de Tolcayuca (México). Las participantes fueron 6 mujeres premenopáusicas multíparas con IU [M=40.33(11.76) años] las cuales realizaron 7 semanas de EH supervisado y dirigido. Las tres primeras semanas se realizaron 8 EH durante 10 minutos una vez por semana. Las últimas cuatro semanas se realizó el mismo protocolo dos días por semana incrementado 5 minutos el tiempo de sesión cada dos semanas. Los síntomas y severidad de IU fueron evaluados mediante el cuestionario International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF) que valora la frecuencia, cantidad y afectación de las pérdidas de orina. Resultados: El índice de IU disminuyó en todas las participantes al fin del protocolo. En 5 de los 6 casos el grado de severidad de IU disminuyó de categoría. En dos de los casos hubo remisión completa de los síntomas de IU.Conclusiones: Estos resultados preliminares muestran como un protocolo de EH supervisado fue eficaz en disminuir el índice de pérdidas de orina y el grado de severidad de mujeres multíparas con síntomas de IU.

Turbinals are bony or cartilaginous structures that are present in the nasal cavity of most tetrapods. They are involved in key functions such as olfaction, heat, and moisture conservation, as well as protection of the respiratory tract. Despite recent studies that challenged long‐standing hypotheses about their physiological and genomic correlation, turbinals remain largely unexplored, particularly for non‐mammalian species. Herein, we review and synthesise the current knowledge of turbinals using an integrative approach that includes comparative anatomy, physiology, histology and genomics. In addition, we provide synonyms and correspondences of tetrapod turbinals from about 80 publications. This work represents a first step towards drawing hypotheses of homology for the whole clade, and provides a strong basis to develop new research avenues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thomasomys is the most diverse genus of the Sigmodontinae subfamily, comprising at least 51 species. Despite recent systematic advances, the monophyly of this genus, the proposed species groups and their content, and the species limits are not yet firmly established. Using a well‐sampled mitochondrial dataset, we aim to test the monophyly of the genus, infer phylogenetic relationships among species and species groups and test the limits between valid species and candidate species. For this, we used a large matrix of 272 partial non‐redundant sequences of the cytochrome b mitochondrial gene from 40 valid and 20 candidate species. Using probabilistic approaches on this dataset, we inferred Thomasomys phylogenetic relationships and explored species boundaries using four unilocus species delimitation methods (ABGD, ASAP, bPTP and GMYC). Thomasomys sensu stricto was recovered monophyletic and well‐supported, excluding a Peruvian lineage misidentified as part of the genus. Analyses consistently recovered 10 well‐supported major clades and several paraphyletic or polyphyletic species. Delimitation methods and genetic divergences estimated that Thomasomys comprises between 81 and 93 putative species, thus potentially doubling the species diversity of Thomasomys. Such a result clearly calls for an urgent taxonomic revision of this genus and the use of further molecular loci within an integrative taxonomic approach to describe its diversity and understand its evolutionary history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The early diversification of tetrapods into terrestrial environments involved adaptations of their locomotor apparatus that allowed for weight support and propulsion on heterogeneous surfaces. Many lineages subsequently returned to the water, while others conquered the aerial environment, further diversifying under the physical constraints of locomoting through continuous fluid media. While many studies have explored the relationship between locomotion in continuous fluids and body mass, none have focused on how continuous fluid media have impacted the macroevolutionary patterns of limb shape diversity.We investigated whether mammals that left terrestrial environments to use air and water as their main locomotor environment experienced constraints on the morphological evolution of their forelimb, assessing their degree of morphological disparity and convergence. We gathered a comprehensive sample of more than 800 species that cover the extant family‐level diversity of mammals, using linear measurements of the forelimb skeleton to determine its shape and size.Among mammals, fully aquatic groups have the most disparate forelimb shapes, possibly due to the many different functional roles performed by flippers or the relaxation of constraints on within‐flipper bone proportions. Air‐based locomotion, in contrast, is linked to restricted forelimb shape diversity. Bats and gliding mammals exhibit similar morphological patterns that have resulted in partial phenotypic convergence, mostly involving the elongation of the proximal forelimb segments.Thus, whereas aquatic locomotion drives forelimb shape diversification, aerial locomotion constrains forelimb diversity. These results demonstrate that locomotion in continuous fluid media can either facilitate or limit morphological diversity and more broadly that locomotor environments have fostered the morphological and functional evolution of mammalian forelimbs. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]