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Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is a highly prevalent condition among men worldwide, resulting in reduced quality of life and increased costs to health systems due to hospitalization and death. This study aimed to explore and understand the evolution of PCa in Brazil from 2008 to 2018. Data were obtained from the National Health System Department of Informatics (DATASUS) using code C61 for malignant prostatic neoplasms. We presented the hospitalization and mortality rates in a temporal-, regional- and age-dependent manner. From 2008 to 2018, a year-dependent increase in hospital admissions due to PCa was reported in Brazil, in which the Southeast region showed the highest prevalence. Men aged ≥80 and those 70-79 years old had similar hospitalization rates, followed by men aged 60-69, 50-59, 40-49 and 30-39 years old. Similarly, an increase in deaths due to PCa was reported during this period, with the highest rates seen in the Southeast. Men aged ≥80 years had higher mortality rates, followed by those aged 70-79, 60-69, 50-59, 40-49 and 30-39 years old. The results obtained indicate an age- and region-dependent increase in PCa morbidity and mortality in Brazil overtime and may contribute to the ongoing discussion on the role and future perspective of the health care system in Brazil.

Abstract Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a multifactorial disease, highly associated with aging and characterized by increased prostate smooth muscle (PSM) contractility. Animal models have been employed to explore the aging-associated PSM hypercontractility; however, studies have focused in old animals, neglecting the initial alterations in early ages. The determination of prostatic dysfunctions onset is crucial to understand the BPH pathophysiology and to propose new BPH treatments. Considering that PSM contractility in 10-month-old rats has already been explored, the aim of the present study was to characterize the PSM contractility in younger rats. Male Wistar control (3.5-month-old), 6- and 8-month-old rats were used. Concentration-response curves to phenylephrine and electrical-field stimulation (EFS) were conducted in prostate from all groups. For the first time, we showed that 6- and 8-month-old rats exhibit PSM hypercontractility. The increased prostate contractility to phenylephrine starts around at 6-month-old, worsening during the aging. The 8-month-old rats exhibited hypercontractility to phenylephrine and EFS compared to the control and 6-month-old groups. Reduced phenylephrine potency was observed in 8-month-old rats, indicating an increased age-dependent prostate sensibility to this agonist. Collectively, our findings support the use of 6- and 8-month-old aged rats as new models to explore prostate hypercontractility in BPH.

The World Health Organization recommends the Robson Classification1 as a standard instrument for classifying cesarean section referrals. The aim of this study was to analyze cesarean section referrals in a public normal-risk maternity hospital in Curitiba, capital of Paraná, Brazil. This was a retrospective cross-sectional documentary study with a quantitative approach. Data on clinical conditions and obstetric history were collected from medical records of 186 women who underwent cesarean sections, as well as the reasons for their referral, from August 2017 to January 2018. Data were subjected to frequency analyses. The groups with the highest concentration of cesarean sections were: Group 5 (31.2%) of multiparous women with a previous cesarean section, and Groups 2 (26.3%) and 4 (14%), of nulliparous and multiparous women without previous caesarean section, respectively, whose deliveries were induced or the cesarean section occurred before labor began. The main reasons for cesarean sections were related to complications of labor, such as breech presentation and failure to induce labor; maternal conditions such as iterativity and cephalopelvic disproportion; and fetal conditions, in which fetal distress and other associated conditions stood out. The analysis of the contribution of each group in the total number of cesarean sections, associated with the analysis of their reasons recorded in the medical records, provides clinical and legal support to justify or recommend the appropriate indication of this procedure, with a view to safe and good quality obstetric care, centered on women, in their clinical condition and obstetric history, and based on current scientific evidence.

O uso indiscriminado sem qualquer planejamento acelerou a escassez iminente dos recursos naturais. Diante disso, há a necessidade de redução dos desperdícios e recuperação imediata do que já foi degradado. Concomitante, a demanda de energia elétrica é crescente e influencia diretamente no crescimento da economia de um país. A recuperação dos recursos surge de tecnologias mais eficientes e menos agressivas ao meio ambiente, sendo estas oriundas de fontes renováveis de energia. A utilização de hidrogênio para geração de eletricidade através de células a combustível, tem como objetivo principal corrigir a intermitência na produção dos parques eólicos, além de contribuir na superação de uma deficiência no armazenamento de energia dessas centrais geradoras. Ou seja, utilizar o excedente da energia eólica para produzir hidrogênio por meio da eletrólise da água, que pode ser armazenado e utilizado quando houver alta demanda e baixa produção energética por vias eólicas, construindo assim um sistema de geração de energia elétrica mais eficiente, renovável e contínuo.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the protective effects of BAY 41-2272, a soluble guanylate cyclase activator, on changes in cystometric parameters in rats deficient in nitric oxide (NO). Methods: Rats were divided into the following groups: (a) control; (b) DMSO; (c) L-NAME; (d) BAY 41-2272 alone; (e) L-NAME + BAY 41-2272. The NO synthase blocker L-NAME (20 mg/rat/day) was given in drinking water concomitantly or not with BAY 41-2272 (10 mg/kg/day, given by gavage). Results: Chronic L-NAME treatment markedly increased the mean arterial blood pressure, and co-treatment with BAY 41-2272 nearly reversed L-NAME-induced rise on mean arterial blood pressure. Non-void contractions were significantly increased in L-NAME group (0.90 ± 0.1 number/minute) compared with either DMSO or control group (0.49 ± 0.1 number/minute), which were prevented by co-treatment with BAY 41-2272 (0.56 ± 025 number/minute; p < 0.05). The threshold and peak pressure increased by 70 and 44%, respectively, after chronic L-NAME treatment, while co-treatment with BAY 41-2272 largely attenuated both effects (27 and 22% increase, respectively). The frequency of micturition cycles decreased by about of 50% in L-NAME-treated rats compared with control animals, and co-treatment with BAY 41-2272 normalized this parameter. Conclusions: Our data show that long-term oral administration of BAY 41-2272 counteracts the bladder dysfunction seen in NO-deficient rats, indicating that restoration of the NO-cGMP pathway by this compound may be of beneficial value to treat bladder symptoms.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo pesquisar a estrutura da comunidade de insetos aquaticos, utilizando esta comunidade como indicadora da qualidade ambiental de um trecho do rio Correntoso, Pantanal do Negro, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Foram realizadas seis campanhas de coleta em diferentes periodos sazonais: vazante, seca e cheia. Os organismos foram coletados utilizando rede D com malha de 300 ƒÝm eesforco amostral de cinco lances de rede nas raizes dos bancos de macrofitas. Foram comparados tres ambientes (aberto, intermediario e fechado), por juncao dos dados obtidos de seis sitios de coleta. Foi analisada a riqueza, abundancia absoluta e relativa das familias de insetos amostrados e a avaliacao da qualidade da agua usando o indiceBMWP, indice BMWP-ASPT, indice IBF e indice de diversidade de Shannon-Wienner, com log2. Foram registradas 60 familias pertencentes a 12 ordens da Classe Insecta, totalizando 19.773 individuos coletados. Entre os indices aplicados, o indice BMWP foi o que melhor representou as condicoes do ambiente estudado.This work aimed to research the aquatic insect community structure using this community as a bioindicator of the environmental quality in a stretch of the Correntoso river, in Pantanal do Negro, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Six collections were taken in different seasonal periods; ebb, dry and wet. The organisms were collected using a 300 ƒÝm mesh D net sweeping five times through the roots of macrophyte banks at each sample. Three environments were compared (open, intermediary, closed) by adding the information from six collection sites. Family richness, absolute and relative abundance ofinsect samples and an evaluation of water quality were analyzed by using the BMWP index, BMWP-ASPT index, IBF index and Shannon diversity index, with log2. A total of 60 families from 12 orders of Insecta Class were recorded, totaling 19,773 individuals. Among the indexes applied, the BMWP index was the one that best represented the conditions of the studied environment.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo pesquisar a distribuição de insetos associados a macrófitas aquáticas e a similaridade dos sítios de coleta, no período de vazante, em um trecho do rio Correntoso, Pantanal do Negro, Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Os sítios de coleta foram determinados conforme a mudança na estrutura da formação ripária, caracterizados como abertos com comunicação com campos inundáveis; intermediários sem comunicação com campos inundáveis; fechados sem comunicação com campos inundáveis. Foram realizadas trêscoletas durante o período de vazante, em seis sítios de coletas. Os organismos foram coletados utilizando rede D com malha de 300 mm e esforço amostral de cinco lances de rede em raízes de macrófitas aquáticas. Foi analisada a riqueza de famílias, a abundância absoluta e relativa dos insetos encontrados, a similaridade dos sítios de coleta por análise de agrupamento, utilizando distância euclidiana e ligação completa, índice de diversidade de Shannon-Wienner, com log2.Foram registradas 64 famílias de dez ordens da Classe Hexapoda, totalizando 2.525 indivíduos, 2.405 aquáticos e semi-aquáticos e 120 terrestres. Os sítios de coleta não apresentaram padrão fixo de similaridade, e a formação dos grupos ocorreu de forma distinta a cada coleta.This work aimed ato research the distribution of insects associated with aquatic macrophytes and the similarity among collection sites during the reflux period in a stretch of Correntoso river, Pantanal do Negro, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. The collection sites were determined by changes in the riparian formation structure, characterized as open when there is communication with flooded fields and intermediary and closed when there is not any communication withflooded fields. Three collections were taken at six sample sites, during reflux periods. The organisms were collected using a D net, 300 mm mesh, with samples from five nets thrown in roots of aquatic macrophytes. Family richness, absolute and relative abundance of the insects found, and similarity of collection sites were analyzed using Euclidian distance and complete connection, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, with log2. Sixty-four families from 10 orders of Hexapoda class were registered, totaling 2,525 individuals – 2,405 of them aquatic and semiaquatic, and 120 terrestrial. The collect sites did not present a fixed model of similarity, and the formation of groups occurred in distinct forms at each collection.

Urological complications associated with sickle cell disease (SCD), include nocturia, enuresis, urinary infections and urinary incontinence. However, scientific evidence to ascertain the underlying cause of the lower urinary tract symptoms in SCD is lacking.Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate urinary function, in vivo and ex vivo, in the Berkeley SCD murine model (SS).Urine output was measured in metabolic cage for both wild type and SS mice (25-30 g). Bladder strips and urethra rings were dissected free and mounted in organ baths. In isolated detrusor smooth muscle (DSM), relaxant response to mirabegron and isoproterenol (1nM-10μM) and contractile response to (carbachol (CCh; 1 nM-100μM), KCl (1 mM-300mM), CaCl2 (1μM-100mM), α,β-methylene ATP (1, 3 and 10 μM) and electrical field stimulation (EFS; 1-32 Hz) were measured. Phenylephrine (Phe; 10nM-100μM) was used to evaluate the contraction mechanism in the urethra rings. Cystometry and histomorphometry were also performed in the urinary bladder.SS mice present a reduced urine output and incapacity to produce typical bladder contractions and bladder emptying (ex vivo), compared to control animals. In DSM, relaxation in response to a selective β3-adrenergic agonist (mirabegron) and to a non-selective β-adrenergic (isoproterenol) agonist were lower in SS mice. Additionally, carbachol, α, β-methylene ATP, KCl, extracellular Ca2+ and electrical-field stimulation promoted smaller bladder contractions in SS group. Urethra contraction induced by phenylephrine was markedly reduced in SS mice. Histological analyses of SS mice bladder revealed severe structural abnormalities, such as reductions in detrusor thickness and bladder volume, and cell infiltration.Taken together, our data demonstrate, for the first time, that SS mice display features of urinary bladder dysfunction, leading to impairment in urinary continence, which may have an important role in the pathogenesis of the enuresis and infections observed the SCD patients.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo pesquisar a estrutura da comunidade de insetos aquáticos, utilizando esta comunidade como indicadora da qualidade ambiental de um trecho do rio Correntoso, Pantanal do Negro, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Foram realizadas seis campanhas de coleta em diferentes períodos sazonais: vazante, seca e cheia. Os organismos foram coletados utilizando rede D com malha de 300 µm e esforço amostral de cinco lances de rede nas raízes dos bancos de macrófitas. Foram comparados três ambientes (aberto, intermediário e fechado), por junção dos dados obtidos de seis sítios de coleta. Foi analisada a riqueza, abundância absoluta e relativa das famílias de insetos amostrados e a avaliação da qualidade da água usando o índice BMWP, índice BMWP-ASPT, índice IBF e índice de diversidade de Shannon-Wienner, com log2. Foram registradas 60 famílias pertencentes a 12 ordens da Classe Insecta, totalizando 19.773 indivíduos coletados. Entre os índices aplicados, o índice BMWP foi o que melhor representou as condições do ambiente estudado.

RESUMO A ordem Ephemeroptera (Insecta) constitui um dos mais importantes grupos da entomofauna aquática. São encontrados em ambientes aquáticos continentais lênticos e lóticos, associados aos mais diversos tipos de substrato. Seus representantes participam ativamente da ciclagem de nutrientes e do fluxo energético e são muitas vezes utilizados como indicadores ambientais. A última lista de Ephemeroptera para o estado de Mato Grosso do Sul feita registrou apenas treze espécies representantes de oito gêneros e quatro famílias. Atualmente existem dois pesquisadores trabalhando diretamente com o grupo na região.