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Canine visceral leishmaniosis (CVL) is an important zoonotic disease, which is endemic in Brazil and several other parts of the world. The disease may affect multiple organs, but lesions in the oral cavity are considered uncommon. Twenty-three cases of oral lesions compatible with CVL were diagnosed from 2015 to 2018 in the Federal District, Brazil. Six cases were confirmed to be CVL based on histopathology, immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction amplification of Leishmania infantum kDNA. Most of the affected dogs were >9 years of age, of mixed breed and were classified as having stage C of the disease. The most important gross findings were ulcerated nodular lesions in the tongue, lip, gingiva and hard palate. Microscopically, there was lymphoplasmacytic to granulomatous inflammation that was diffuse, moderate to severe and associated with ulceration. CVL should be considered in the differential diagnosis of nodular and ulcerative oral lesions in dogs.

This paper presents a detailed review of the energy potential from residual biomass for distributed generation in Brazil, presenting the potential by macro-region of the different types of residues generated in the agricultural, forestry, livestock, industrial and urban sectors. The focus of this research is to map and point out, through bibliographic research, the great potential of biomass in the Brazilian market for the production of biogas and consequently the use for electric power generation in the country and especially in the state of Parana. Therefore, it should be emphasized that the methodology used is based on a bibliographic research from databases and recent research using a survey carried out by the ITAIPU Technological Park (PTI) in partnership with SENAI/PR, using the FIEP Observatories. As result, this research describes through data collection a favorable scenario for the technical feasibility of the use of biomass for the energetic use of biogas for power generation. The distributed generation of electricity from the use of biomass could help Brazil in the preservation of the environment as well as contribute to the diversification of the energy matrix, economic development and broadening access to energy in isolated communities.

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases that affects humans in all stages of social and economic development, representing a big threat for the health of all the Brazilians. Objectives: Analyze epidemiologic profile of DM in the state of Pernambuco from 2002 to 2012 Methodology: It’s a retrospective study of epidemiologic nature with descriptive and quantitative approach. Data was provided by Hiperdia, avaiable at Departamento de Informatica do Sistema Unico de Saude (DATASUS). The variables of this study are: Type of Diabetes, year, age, gender and amputation of diabetic foot. Results and Discussions: From 15.856 people with DM, 75,32% have DM Type2. The year of 2004 represented the lower occurrence rate of the disease for Type 1 (3,07%) and for Type 2 (3,86%). In the years of 2009 and 2002 the ocurrence number was higher, with 13,14% for Type 1 and 17,28% for Type 2. Both Types 1 and 2 represents de major occurrence in the age between 50 and 59 years old. However, Type 1 is less frequent in people with at least 80 years old while Type 2 is less frequent in the age between 15 and 19 years old. With respect to gender both Types are more common in women, with (61,96%) for Type 1 and (63,92%) for Type 2. In relation to people that suffered amputation of diabetic foot, 2,59% are Type 1 and 1,73% are Type 2, it brings the attention due to the fact that Type 2 DM is the most common Type. Conclusion: The understanding of DM epidemiologic scenario is important for acting directly at the most vulnerable social categories with efforts to promote and recover the health within completeness patterns.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o sistema de geração de energia elétrica, através do uso do biogás proveniente de uma unidade produtora de suínos, localizada no município de São Miguel do Iguaçu, levando em consideração os aspectos relacionados ao consumo de biogás e geração de eletricidade. Foi utilizado um medidor de fluxo visando à contabilização da vazão de Biogás, utilizou-se GCP-22 que é o equipamento de controle e proteção do gerador, à aquisição de dados também foi realizada através de analisadores de energia. Estes analisadores registram a produção/consumo de energia em um intervalo de tempo de 15 minutos. Observou-se que o mês de maio teve o maior consumo, chegando a aproximadamente 18 mil m³ de biogás. Avaliando o período, a energia total gerada do conjunto moto gerador obteve um valor aproximado 110,3 MWh. O consumo de energia da propriedade foi de 55 MWh, sendo 16,8 MWh consumido da rede de distribuição. A energia excedente exportado para a rede de distribuição foi de aproximadamente 72 MWh. A geração média no período foi de 605,93 kWh. A média do consumo de biogás pelo conjunto moto gerador foi de 49,3 Nm³.h.

Aim The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX) as auxiliary chemical substance and intracanal medications on Candida albicans, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and their endotoxins in the root canals. Materials and methods The study was conducted on 48 single-rooted human teeth divided into four groups (n = 12), according to intracanal medications used: (1) Calcium hydroxide + apyrogenic saline solution (Ca(OH)2 + SS), (2) 20% ginger glycolic extract (GEN), (3) calcium hydroxide + 20% ginger glycolic extract (Ca(OH)2 + GEN), (4) apyrogenic SS (control). Collections were made from the root canal content before preparation (baseline–S1), immediately after instrumentation (S2), 7 days after instrumentation (S3), after 14 days the action of intracanal medication (S4), and 7 days after removal of the intracanal medication (S5). The antimicrobial activity and endotoxin content were analyzed for all collections. The results were statistically analyzed by the Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn tests at a significance level of 5%. Results After instrumentation with CHX, there was complete elimination of E. coli and C. albicans, except for E. faecalis, which was significantly reduced and then completely eliminated after intracanal medication. There was significant reduction of endotoxin after instrumentation. Comparison of collection after instrumentation and intracanal medication revealed reduction of endotoxins in all groups; this reduction was greater in group Ca(OH)2 followed by the group GEN. Conclusion It was concluded that the instrumentation using CHX and intracanal medication used were able to eliminate the microorganisms from the root canal; the endotoxins were reduced, yet not completely eliminated. Clinical significance This study is important and relevant for searching alternatives during endodontic therapy, since it aims to study the effect of Zingiber officinale on microorganisms and endotoxins present in root canals. How to cite this article Valera MC, Oliveira SAC, Maekawa LE, Cardoso FGR, Chung A, Silva SFP, Carvalho CAT. Action of Chlorhexidine, Zingiber officinale, and Calcium Hydroxide on Candida albicans, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Endotoxin in the Root Canals. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016; 17(2):114-118.

IntroductionThe psychoactive substances consumption modifies the users’ sense-perception.ObjectivesDiscuss the therapeutic workshop as a stimulation strategy of the sense organs.MethodologyThe activities were developed at a Center of Psycho-Social Attention for alcohol and other drugs – CPSAad, located in north-eastern Brazil. The therapeutic workshop was divided into six sessions; being worked a sense organ in each meeting. Initially, the sessions were explained and they entered the room in silence. At first, vision and lastly, taste. The taste dynamic session was initiated by the pool where users experienced different flavours and made distinctions between them, including a food without flavour, experiencing feelings of pleasure and displeasure. This dynamic was finalized in the institute's kitchen with different ice cream flavours. The participants freely served themselves, being led to reflections on their choices of pleasure. The sixth session was constituted by listening about all Therapy Workshop Experience of the Senses, on which participants reported emotions and feelings experienced during the sessions, such as: fear, anxiety, craving, denial, pleasure and displeasure.ResultsIt was identified a universe of sensations that can be translated into a sense-perception reframing about themselves and their surroundings.ConclusionThe participants presented a sensory dullness, relating the experienced stimuli to the consumption of psychoactive substances, demonstrating a strong equivalence between the proposed activity and substance dependence. This activity enabled an interdisciplinary approach, through knowledge and interventions exchange.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

IntroductionIntegral nursing for an individual with a mental disorder requires care, management and educational skills to improve the quality of life of the patient.ObjectivesDescribes a health education experience in caring for an individual with psychic suffering.MethodsActivities were developed at a psychosocial care center in the city of João Pessoa, Brazil, with students in the third year of nursing school. Three sessions were held on the topic “self-efficacy in the use of psychoactive drugs”. Related factors, such as motivation, self-esteem and support, were chosen by the participants and discussed at each weekly session.ResultsIn the discussion groups, the students were able to exercise care based on the exchange of knowledge with the patients who use the service. The ties established in each session enabled the identification of the specific needs of each individual, such as the desire to learn how to improve one's self-esteem, and the active participation of the patients.ConclusionsThe experiences assisted the students in developing the role of the nurse as an educator. The group actions underscored the importance of the skill of health education among nurses.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Conformational isomerism in isolated and liquid 2-aminoethanol was investigated by a concerted molecular orbital and vibrational spectroscopic approach. The molecular structures, relative energies, dipole moments and vibrational spectra (both infrared and Raman) of the various possible conformers of the studied compound were calculated, using the extended 6-31G* basis set at the HF-SCF ab initio level of theory. The theoretical results were then used to interpret infrared and Raman data obtained under different experimental conditions. It was found that none of the most populated conformational states existing in the pure liquid (where intermolecular H-bonding occurs extensively)-the gGt and tTt conformers - , correspond to the conformational ground state for the isolated 2-aminoethanol molecule - the intramolecularly H-bonded g'Gg' conformer. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TGS-40D60M5-3T/1/fb782f2e3c62f7deac60dcc181407c9b

Commercially available software packages used to develop geocellular models are becoming increasingly user friendly. However, workflows for data quality control, modelling procedures and evaluation of results are not always well established, tempting inexperienced users to build 3D models without the necessary rigor. The economical and technical implications of using 3D models on reservoir simulation studies, volumetrics, and field development, on the other hand, are of paramount importance. The need to adopt methodical and systematic processes during all stages of 3D model building and dynamic simulation is now widely recognized. This paper compiles some key data flow, process flow and quality management practices. It presents the chain of activities in 3D model building and usage, highlighting critical parts of the process, rules of thumb for obtaining quality results, best practices to be adopted, pitfalls in various assumptions and some of the prevalent misconceptions. Issues addressed include: data analysis; quality control; data density; integration of disparate data types; framework modeling; incorporation of chrono-stratigraphic zonation; fault and fracture modeling; deterministic and stochastic property modeling; depth and property uncertainty analysis; upscaling, downscaling and visualization. Experience on large and diverse carbonate fields, in a variety of conditions and different stages of maturity, presenting different sets of data types and well densities are combined to present a summary of useful hints and best practices to other professionals involved in doing static modelling. It is emphasized that if data QC, geologic rules, mapping principles and geostatistics are not handled properly, the resulting model will be less precise, regardless of the sophistication of the software and algorithms deployed.

This paper presents the result of a reservoir study where seismic data have been fully utilized to obtain a better rock-type based reservoir characterization model. The study was conducted for a highly faulted carbonate reservoir in the Middle East. The available 3D Seismic data have been used to determine the structure map, fault and fracture network, and porosity distribution. Additionally, two seismic attributes (Energy Half Time and Max. Peak Amplitude) had also been used to assist the determination of stationarity regions used for geostatistical simulation. The reservoir characterization strategy for this study was started with the detailed development of a geological reservoir rock type (RRT) scheme. The RRT scheme was developed based on depositional facies, diagenetic overprints and petrophysical properties, including pore throat size distribution, porosity and permeability. The scheme was then used to constrain the property modeling inside a geological framework that was built based on the seismic interpretation. Prior to the development of 3D porosity model, four porosity maps were generated based on the available interpreted Acoustic Impedance (AI) and well log data. Each map represents the difference of the influence of seismic data, from full seismic influence to no seismic influence. One map has been selected to represent the seismic derived porosity based on the degree of correlation between the AI data and well-log porosity. The integration of seismic-derived porosity into the 3D simulation model was conducted using Bayessian Update principle inside a conditional simulation technique. In this technique, 3D porosity distribution honors the underlying RRT and at the same time its vertical-column average honors seismic-derived porosity. The comparison of the results between the simulation with seismic and simulation without seismic has clearly indicated the value added by seismic data, namely improving the simulation result in the areas of poor well-coverage. This is important in order to honor the diagenesis effect that is difficult to model due to a limited number of wells.

Incubation of acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus type 1 (ACVr-HSV1), during infection of the HEp-2 cell culture, with an extract prepared from the seeds of Licania tomentosa (Benth.) Fritsch (Chrysobalanaceae) species impaired the productive replication of this virus in a concentration-dependent manner. The extract was able to inhibit extracellular virus (virucidal effect) and also interfered with a very early event of cell infection, at a non-cytotoxic concentration.

Blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma currently infect millions of people in tropical and subtropical countries. An enzyme playing a major role in hemoglobin (Hb) degradation by Schistosoma mansoni has been cloned and shown to be highly similar to the human cathepsin D aspartyl proteinase, although presenting a distinct substrate specificity from the latter. Investigating the structural features responsible for this difference has a major application in the design of selective anti-schistosomal drugs. In order to achieve this goal a homology model for the S. mansoni aspartyl hemoglobinase was constructed and then used to simulate the complexes formed with two transition state analogues of Hb-derived octapeptide substrates. Comparison with human cathepsin D showed that different pocket volumes and surface electrostatic potentials arise from substitutions in residues comprising the S4, S3, S2 and S3′ subsites. Since the primary specificity of the S. mansoni enzyme resembles that of HIV-1 protease, we have discussed the applicability of current retroviral protease inhibitors as leads for the design of new anti-schistosomal drugs.