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1. The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment

Author: P. Sorensen, J. C. Davis, J. J. Silk, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, E. Holtom, T. J. Anderson, A. B.M.R. Sazzad, V.V. Sosnovtsev, J. J. Cherwinka, V. B. Francis, A. Naylor, L. Korley, K. Kamdin, W. Craddock, P. Beltrame, X. Xiang, A. Manalaysay, P. R. Scovell, D. Q. Huang, Ethan Bernard, B. P. Tennyson, Yue Meng, I. B. Peterson, A. Cottle, A. Biekert, A. Kamaha, M. S. Witherell, R. Studley, M. E. Monzani, J. S. Campbell, Alexander Bolozdynya, C. Chiller, M. G. D. van der Grinten, Matthew Szydagis, C. O. Vuosalo, M. Tan, E. H. Miller, V. Bugaev, B. Boxer, R. Coughlen, J. Liao, I. Stancu, L. de Viveiros, P. MarrLaundrie, A. Lambert, L. Kreczko, J. R. Watson, Michael Schubnell, A. Piepke, S. Greenwood, J. P. Coleman, A. Geffre, D. Bauer, G. W. Shutt, W. H. Lippincott, Y. Qie, Dongming Mei, L. Sabarots, S. Hans, Bhawna Gomber, W. Skulski, J. A. Nikkel, S. A. Hertel, A. Arbuckle, F.-T. Liao, S. R. Eriksen, Daniel McKinsey, E. Druszkiewicz, Jilei Xu, P. Sutcliffe, H. J. Rose, C. Nehrkorn, K. T. Lesko, N. A. Larsen, C. Lee, B. Landerud, Martin Breidenbach, D. Molash, Candace Lynch, W. G. Jones, M. A. Olevitch, Ian S. Young, M. Sarychev, B. N. Edwards, A. Pagac, L. Tvrznikova, P. Ford, S. Luitz, T. J. R. Davison, D. Pagenkopf, P. Majewski, G. Gregerson, Chao Zhang, Mary Severson, A. Currie, Ross G. White, Carl Gwilliam, S. J. Patton, A. J. Bailey, David Colling, Minfang Yeh, K. Wilson, P. Rossiter, S. Alsum, G. Pereira, V. M. Gehman, A. Dushkin, I. Khurana, Richard J. Smith, Benjamin Krikler, N. Marangou, John Heise, C. Loniewski, J. Bang, J. A. Nikoleyczik, J. Belle, D. Yu. Akimov, E. Mizrachi, C. Levy, M. R. While, A. Dobi, H. N. Nelson, X. Bai, J. Johnson, J. O'Dell, W. T. Kim, S. Weatherly, L. Wang, P. Johnson, Elena Korolkova, S. Pierson, W. T. Emmet, K. Stifter, B. Birrittella, T. Tope, A. Richards, Yufeng Wang, Ren-Jie Wang, J. Genovesi, C. Maupin, Kathrin C. Walker, G. R. C. Rischbieter, Eli Gibson, Yeongduk Kim, W. Turner, S. D. Worm, E. M. Boulton, G. Rutherford, S. Kyre, J. Mock, Seth Hillbrand, D. White, Q. Xiao, Sridhara Dasu, R. Leonard, J. Y.K. Hor, B. Holbrook, C. Nedlik, S. Fiorucci, J. Keefner, J. Kras, J. Yin, F. Froborg, F. Neves, D. Khaitan, S. J. Haselschwardt, L. Oxborough, D.S. Hamilton, O. Hitchcock, J.P. da Cunha, J.S. Saba, Henrique Araujo, I. Olcina, David Leonard, A. Bhatti, U. Utku, W. J. Wisniewski, S. Powell, M. Pangilinan, F.L.H. Wolfs, J. Barthel, D. Naim, D. Hemer, M. Timalsina, B. J. Mount, T. A. Shutt, S. Shaw, J. A. Morad, N. Swanson, J.P. Rodrigues, J. Nesbit, W.L. Waldron, J. E. Y. Dobson, J. Busenitz, C. R. Hall, N. Stern, C. Rhyne, A. Cole, R. J. Gaitskell, T. K. Edberg, Q. Riffard, O. Jahangir, B. G. Lenardo, D. Temples, C. Chan, C. E. Tull, A. Vaitkus, D. Garcia, S. Kravitz, T. G. Gonda, M. Elnimr, K. Pushkin, M. Horn, Kareem Kazkaz, H. Kraus, J. Li, C. H. Faham, T.M. Stiegler, A. Monte, C. D. Kocher, T. P. Biesiadzinski, C. Ghag, J. E. Armstrong, H. S. Lee, W. R. Edwards, K. J. Palladino, T. Benson, J. H. Buckley, Z. J. Minaker, Carl W. Akerlof, R. Bunker, M. Solmaz, M. Koyuncu, J.R. Verbus, J. M. Lyle, C. E. Dahl, E. Morrison, J. E. Cutter, J. Reichenbacher, H.J. Krebs, J. So, S. Branson, Peter Bauer, H. Auyeung, D. Seymour, Michele Cascella, A. A. Chiller, Mani Tripathi, Richard Rosero, D. R. Tronstad, R. Liu, M. Khaleeq, N. Decheine, M. N. Irving, Yunpeng Liu, S. Uvarov, J. McLaughlin, A. R. Smith, S. Dardin, J. Thomson, K. Sundarnath, Robert A. Taylor, Ben Carlson, T. Harrington, C. T. McConnell, E. K. Pease, A. Greenall, T. J. Whitis, M. F. Marzioni, C. Silva, V. Kasey, D. Rynders, R. C. Webb, J. Palmer, P. Brás, V. N. Solovov, T.J. Martin, R. Conley, P. A. Terman, A. Tomás, B. Lopez Paredes, K. E. Boast, J. T. White, D. Markley, A. Konovalov, A. Lindote, A. Alquahtani, L. Reichhart, D.C. Malling, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, E. Leason, Juhyeong Lee, D. Curran, Henning Flaecher, S. Balashov, A.V. Khromov, B. N. Ratcliff, J. Migneault, A. V. Kumpan, Simon Fayer, Antonin Vacheret, C. Hjemfelt, R. Linehan, M. Arthurs, S. Stephenson, V. M. Palmaccio, N. I. Chott, M.R. Stark, Duncan Carlsmith, Wenzhao Wei, M. Utes, Laura Manenti, A. Stevens, D. J. Taylor, R. E. Smith, V. A. Kudryavtsev, S. Walcott, C. M. Ignarra, N.J. Gantos, R. G. Jacobsen, M. Racine, A. Fan, Bjoern Penning, J. Va’vra, A. Harrison, H. Oh, J. Makkinje, W. Ji, R. Rucinski, Sergey Burdin, A. Baxter, D. Santone, E. Voirin, R.M. Gerhard, T.W. Hurteau, K.J. Thomas, X. Liu, R. Gelfand, T. Vietanen, A. Nilima, R. M. Preece, A. Laundrie, Mikkel B. Johnson, K. Hanzel, F. G. O'Neill, A. Khazov, W. C. Taylor, J. Balajthy, M.J. Barry, K. O’Sullivan, D. Lucero, A. C. Kaboth, R. L. Mannino, J. D. Wolfs, J. Lin, C. Pereira, N. Angelides, S. Gokhale, A. St. J. Murphy, Adam Bernstein, M. Hoff, M.I. Lopes, M. G. D. Gilchriese, C. Carels, I. M. Fogarty Florang, J. Edwards, S. N. Jeffery, R. W. Schnee, S. Pal, R. Bramante, T. Fruth, T. J. Sumner, W. H. To, Wolfgang Lorenzon, J. R. Bensinger, J. J. Wang, D. Woodward, C. Hasselkus, K. Skarpaas, D. R. Tiedt, D. S. Akerib, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Technology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 0299 Other Physical Sciences, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Physics, Particles & Fields, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, LEAD, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), XENON, Low energy, Xenon, WIMP, 0103 physical sciences, 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Science & Technology, Underground, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Instrumentation, Instruments & Instrumentation, physics.ins-det, Physics, Dark matter detector, Time projection chamber, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Neutron capture, Physics, Nuclear, chemistry, Physical Sciences, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Liquid xenon, EMISSION, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: We describe the design and assembly of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment, a direct detection search for cosmic WIMP dark matter particles. The centerpiece of the experiment is a large liquid xenon time projection chamber sensitive to low energy nuclear recoils. Rejection of backgrounds is enhanced by a Xe skin veto detector and by a liquid scintillator Outer Detector loaded with gadolinium for efficient neutron capture and tagging. LZ is located in the Davis Cavern at the 4850' level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA. We describe the major subsystems of the experiment and its key design features and requirements. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2019

2. Results of a Search for Sub-GeV Dark Matter Using 2013 LUX Data

Author: D. P. Hogan, M. G. D. Gilchriese, K. T. Lesko, Henrique Araujo, Sergey Burdin, C. Ghag, Q. Riffard, L. Tvrznikova, J. Lin, C. R. Hall, A. Naylor, S. Alsum, S. J. Haselschwardt, T. J. R. Davison, S. Shaw, Matthew Szydagis, P. A. Terman, D. Q. Huang, Carl Gwilliam, M. Moongweluwan, J. Genovesi, Jilei Xu, C. Nehrkorn, M. S. Witherell, O. Jahangir, Daniel McKinsey, D. Byram, S. Uvarov, X. Bai, C. Chan, S. Kravitz, H. N. Nelson, M. Horn, R. G. Jacobsen, F. Neves, J. E. Cutter, V. Velan, A. Fan, Kareem Kazkaz, A. Manalaysay, T. P. Biesiadzinski, W. Ji, B. Boxer, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, P. Sorensen, P. Brás, T. J. Whitis, K. J. Palladino, K. Kamdin, Ethan Bernard, F.L.H. Wolfs, P. Beltrame, Dongming Mei, D. J. Taylor, B. P. Tennyson, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, U. Utku, C. Rhyne, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, R. L. Mannino, Elena Korolkova, R. J. Gaitskell, V. N. Solovov, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, M. F. Marzioni, S. A. Hertel, E. Druszkiewicz, K. Yazdani, G. R. C. Rischbieter, Chao Zhang, D. Khaitan, S. R. Fallon, N. Marangou, V. A. Kudryavtsev, D. R. Tiedt, J. T. White, C. M. Ignarra, D. S. Akerib, E. M. Boulton, T. J. Sumner, W. H. To, A. Lindote, D. Woodward, A. St. J. Murphy, Adam Bernstein, W. C. Taylor, M.I. Lopes, R. Knoche, J. Balajthy, J. Liao, Mani Tripathi, R. C. Webb, S. Fiorucci, P. Rossiter, B. G. Lenardo, M. Solmaz, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), and The Royal Society
Subjects: General Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics, Multidisciplinary, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 09 Engineering, High Energy Physics - Experiment, LUX Collaboration, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Xenon, Recoil, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), physics.ins-det, 01 Mathematical Sciences, Physics, Scintillation, Science & Technology, 02 Physical Sciences, hep-ex, Scattering, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), chemistry, Physical Sciences, Scintillation counter, astro-ph.CO, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: The scattering of dark matter (DM) particles with sub-GeV masses off nuclei is difficult to detect using liquid xenon-based DM search instruments because the energy transfer during nuclear recoils is smaller than the typical detector threshold. However, the tree-level DM-nucleus scattering diagram can be accompanied by simultaneous emission of a Bremsstrahlung photon or a so-called "Migdal" electron. These provide an electron recoil component to the experimental signature at higher energies than the corresponding nuclear recoil. The presence of this signature allows liquid xenon detectors to use both the scintillation and the ionization signals in the analysis where the nuclear recoil signal would not be otherwise visible. We report constraints on spin-independent DM-nucleon scattering for DM particles with masses of 0.4-5 GeV/c$^2$ using 1.4$\times10^4$ kg$\cdot$day of search exposure from the 2013 data from the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment for four different classes of mediators. This analysis extends the reach of liquid xenon-based DM search instruments to lower DM masses than has been achieved previously.
Published: 2019

3. Search for annual and diurnal rate modulations in the LUX experiment

Author: T. J. Sumner, A. St. J. Murphy, Adam Bernstein, S. Uvarov, M.I. Lopes, R. Knoche, D. S. Akerib, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, A. Manalaysay, H. N. Nelson, Ethan Bernard, J. Liao, V. Velan, W. H. To, U. Utku, A. Lindote, M. Horn, M. F. Marzioni, D. Woodward, R. L. Mannino, T. J. R. Davison, Mani Tripathi, P. Rossiter, S. J. Haselschwardt, Sergey Burdin, W. C. Taylor, D. Q. Huang, K. T. Lesko, Matthew Szydagis, T. J. Whitis, E. M. Boulton, X. Bai, K. Kazkaz, R. C. Webb, J. Balajthy, J. Genovesi, Jilei Xu, B. G. Lenardo, D. J. Taylor, C. Nehrkorn, J. Lin, F.L.H. Wolfs, M. Solmaz, F. Neves, S. Shaw, J.R. Verbus, D. Byram, S. Fiorucci, C. Ghag, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, Chao Zhang, K. Kamdin, P. Beltrame, P. A. Terman, S. Alsum, M. Moongweluwan, B. Boxer, J. T. White, M. G. D. Gilchriese, T. P. Biesiadzinski, J. E. Cutter, P. Sorensen, C. Rhyne, R. J. Gaitskell, B. P. Tennyson, L. Tvrznikova, Carl Gwilliam, Elena Korolkova, G. R. C. Rischbieter, Henrique Araujo, C. R. Hall, Daniel McKinsey, D. Khaitan, S. R. Fallon, N. Marangou, Dongming Mei, A. Fan, P. Brás, S. A. Hertel, K. J. Palladino, E. Druszkiewicz, C. Chan, S. Kravitz, K. Yazdani, D. P. Hogan, E. K. Pease, Michael S. Witherell, C. Silva, V. N. Solovov, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, R. G. Jacobsen, W. Ji, V. A. Kudryavtsev, D. R. Tiedt, C. M. Ignarra, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), and The Royal Society
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Rate modulation, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics, Particles & Fields, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Recoil, Particle and Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Modulation (music), DARK-MATTER, Nuclear, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), physics.ins-det, Physics, Quantum Physics, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, Molecular, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Amplitude, Physical Sciences, astro-ph.CO, Halo, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Tonne, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: Various dark matter models predict annual and diurnal modulations of dark matter interaction rates in Earth-based experiments as a result of the Earth's motion in the halo. Observation of such features can provide generic evidence for detection of dark matter interactions. This paper reports a search for both annual and diurnal rate modulations in the LUX dark matter experiment using over 20 calendar months of data acquired between 2013 and 2016. This search focuses on electron recoil events at low energies, where leptophilic dark matter interactions are expected to occur and where the DAMA experiment has observed a strong rate modulation for over two decades. By using the innermost volume of the LUX detector and developing robust cuts and corrections, we obtained a stable event rate of 2.3$\pm$0.2~cpd/keV$_{\text{ee}}$/tonne, which is among the lowest in all dark matter experiments. No statistically significant annual modulation was observed in energy windows up to 26~keV$_{\text{ee}}$. Between 2 and 6~keV$_{\text{ee}}$, this analysis demonstrates the most sensitive annual modulation search up to date, with 9.2$\sigma$ tension with the DAMA/LIBRA result. We also report no observation of diurnal modulations above 0.2~cpd/keV$_{\text{ee}}$/tonne amplitude between 2 and 6~keV$_{\text{ee}}$., Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2018

4. Position Reconstruction in LUX

Author: B. N. Edwards, Henrique Araujo, K. O’Sullivan, V. Velan, J. E. Cutter, E. M. Boulton, T. J. Sumner, R. G. Jacobsen, A. Fan, Matthew Szydagis, C. Rhyne, R. J. Gaitskell, C. Ghag, X. Bai, R. L. Mannino, W. Ji, D. Q. Huang, Kareem Kazkaz, T. P. Biesiadzinski, A. Lindote, S. Alsum, A. St. J. Murphy, Adam Bernstein, K. J. Palladino, S. J. Haselschwardt, J. Mock, C. R. Hall, M. G. D. Gilchriese, M.I. Lopes, R. Knoche, M. Moongweluwan, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, T. A. Shutt, A. J. Bailey, J. A. Morad, V. N. Solovov, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, D. Byram, Dongming Mei, L. Tvrznikova, C. Chan, M. Hanhardt, D. J. Taylor, K. T. Lesko, N. A. Larsen, J. Genovesi, Jilei Xu, D. S. Akerib, C. Nehrkorn, W. C. Taylor, F.L.H. Wolfs, D. Khaitan, A. Currie, D. P. Hogan, S. A. Hertel, S. Shaw, M. F. Marzioni, S. R. Fallon, P. A. Terman, E. Druszkiewicz, J. Balajthy, K. Yazdani, S. Uvarov, M. S. Witherell, M. Horn, Chao Zhang, A. Dobi, H. N. Nelson, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, K. Kamdin, P. Beltrame, P. Sorensen, Daniel McKinsey, B. P. Tennyson, S. Fiorucci, A. Manalaysay, F. Neves, Mani Tripathi, W. H. To, T. J. R. Davison, Ethan Bernard, R. C. Webb, Sarah Young, D. R. Tiedt, C. M. Ignarra, P. Brás, Sidney Cahn, B. G. Lenardo, M. Solmaz, T. J. Whitis, J.R. Verbus, and J. T. White
Subjects: Technology, Liquid detectors, Photomultiplier, Photon, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Dark Matter detectors (WIMPs, axions, etc.), XENON, Optics, Xenon, law, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, 010306 general physics, Instruments & Instrumentation, DETECTOR, physics.ins-det, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Gamma camera, Detector modelling and simulations I (interaction of radiation with matter, interaction of photons with matter, interaction of hadrons with matter, etc), Physics, Science & Technology, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Charge transport, multiplication and electroluminescence in rare gases and liquids, Detector, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Photon counting, GAMMA-CAMERA, chemistry, physics.comp-ph, EMISSION, business, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract: The $(x, y)$ position reconstruction method used in the analysis of the complete exposure of the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment is presented. The algorithm is based on a statistical test that makes use of an iterative method to recover the photomultiplier tube (PMT) light response directly from the calibration data. The light response functions make use of a two dimensional functional form to account for the photons reflected on the inner walls of the detector. To increase the resolution for small pulses, a photon counting technique was employed to describe the response of the PMTs. The reconstruction was assessed with calibration data including ${}^{\mathrm{83m}}$Kr (releasing a total energy of 41.5 keV) and ${}^{3}$H ($\beta^-$ with Q = 18.6 keV) decays, and a deuterium-deuterium (D-D) neutron beam (2.45 MeV). In the horizontal plane, the reconstruction has achieved an $(x, y)$ position uncertainty of $\sigma$= 0.82 cm for events of only 200 electroluminescence photons and $\sigma$ = 0.17 cm for 4,000 electroluminescence photons. Such signals are associated with electron recoils of energies $\sim$0.25 keV and $\sim$10 keV, respectively. The reconstructed position of the smallest events with a single electron emitted from the liquid surface has a horizontal $(x, y)$ uncertainty of 2.13 cm., Comment: 30 pages, 17 figures
Published: 2018

5. Projected WIMP sensitivity of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) dark matter experiment

Author: M. Sarychev, T. K. Edberg, B. Boxer, D. Temples, K. Pushkin, A. Dobi, H. N. Nelson, K. J. Palladino, J. H. Buckley, S. Kyre, Simon Fayer, K. Stifter, J.S. Saba, S. Powell, Henrique Araujo, B. J. Mount, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, J. Reichenbacher, J. E. Y. Dobson, J.R. Verbus, U. Utku, C. Chan, C. E. Tull, F. Neves, V. A. Kudryavtsev, W. Skulski, S. Luitz, J. Yin, S. J. Haselschwardt, R. Linehan, C. M. Ignarra, D. J. Taylor, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, J. Lin, S. Fiorucci, Vv. Bugaev, V. N. Solovov, C. D. Kocher, C. Levy, Sergey Burdin, Bjoern Penning, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, J. Li, E. H. Miller, P. Rossiter, X. Liu, T. Tope, A. Cottle, W. R. Edwards, R. Taylor, C. Ghag, W.L. Waldron, A. J. Bailey, Carl W. Akerlof, Minfang Yeh, Hoff, J. M. Lyle, Elena Korolkova, C. R. Hall, F.-T. Liao, W. H. Lippincott, Witherell, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, A. Piepke, S. Hans, R. L. Mannino, P. Sorensen, A. Manalaysay, T. Benson, S. A. Hertel, E. Voirin, D. Khaitan, Mgd van der Grinten, A. Richards, K. Kamdin, W. Craddock, Ethan Bernard, E. Druszkiewicz, H. Kraus, D. Q. Huang, P. Beltrame, W. J. Wisniewski, M. Timalsina, S. Shaw, Yue Meng, J. Y.K. Hor, L. Tvrznikova, A. Murphy, B. G. Lenardo, J. E. Cutter, K.J. Thomas, K. E. Boast, B. N. Ratcliff, T.M. Stiegler, A. Currie, T. J. Whitis, R. M. Preece, J. Va’vra, D. A. Bauer, M. Solmaz, E. Morrison, W. Ji, A. Fan, T. P. Biesiadzinski, J. Genovesi, Ian S. Young, Ben Carlson, Olevitch, S. J. Patton, C. E. Dahl, X. Bai, P. Brás, Michael Schubnell, C. Maupin, J. Mock, I. Stancu, Daniel McKinsey, J. A. Nikoleyczik, J. Belle, A. Lindote, David Leonard, S. Alsum, P. A. Terman, M. E. Monzani, Juhyeong Lee, Matthew Szydagis, L. Kreczko, J. R. Watson, Duncan Carlsmith, S. Balashov, K. T. Lesko, Mani Tripathi, Richard Rosero, J.P. Rodrigues, J. Busenitz, C. Rhyne, H.J. Krebs, Antonin Vacheret, C. Hjemfelt, A. Cole, R. J. Gaitskell, L.D. Viveiros, M. Arthurs, M.R. Stark, A. Tomás, R. C. Webb, D. White, K. O'Sullivan, J. Keefner, J. Liao, I. Olcina, F.L.H. Wolfs, Peter Majewski, J. J. Cherwinka, D. S. Akerib, A. Khazov, J.J. Silk, Wolfgang Lorenzon, W. C. Taylor, K. Hanzel, K. Skarpaas, J. Balajthy, Benjamin Krikler, T. Fruth, M. G. D. Gilchriese, C. Carels, Yeongduk Kim, W. H. To, S. D. Worm, Seth Hillbrand, Asher Kaboth, D. Woodward, P.R. Scovell, B.L. Paredes, R. W. Schnee, M.I. Lopes, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Subjects: BACKGROUNDS, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Dark matter, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, GASES, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics, Particles & Fields, Galactic halo, Nuclear physics, XENON, LIMITS, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Xenon, Recoil, WIMP, RADIOACTIVITY, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, DETECTOR, physics.ins-det, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), chemistry, Weakly interacting massive particles, LOADED LIQUID SCINTILLATOR, Physical Sciences, SIMULATION, astro-ph.CO, RECOIL, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, EMISSION, Sensitivity (electronics), Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) is a next generation dark matter direct detection experiment that will operate 4850 feet underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, USA. Using a two-phase xenon detector with an active mass of 7~tonnes, LZ will search primarily for low-energy interactions with Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), which are hypothesized to make up the dark matter in our galactic halo. In this paper, the projected WIMP sensitivity of LZ is presented based on the latest background estimates and simulations of the detector. For a 1000~live day run using a 5.6~tonne fiducial mass, LZ is projected to exclude at 90\% confidence level spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross sections above $1.4 \times 10^{-48}$~cm$^{2}$ for a 40~$\mathrm{GeV}/c^{2}$ mass WIMP. Additionally, a $5\sigma$ discovery potential is projected reaching cross sections below the exclusion limits of recent experiments. For spin-dependent WIMP-neutron(-proton) scattering, a sensitivity of $2.3 \times 10^{-43}$~cm$^{2}$ ($7.1 \times 10^{-42}$~cm$^{2}$) for a 40~$\mathrm{GeV}/c^{2}$ mass WIMP is expected. With underground installation well underway, LZ is on track for commissioning at SURF in 2020., Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2018
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6. Chromatographic separation of radioactive noble gases from xenon

Author: Mani Tripathi, X. Bai, D. J. Taylor, A. Dobi, R. C. Webb, S. Fiorucci, H. N. Nelson, J. Mock, K. Pech, R.G. Jacobsen, C. H. Faham, P. Sorensen, L. Tvrznikova, C. Ghag, M. Moongweluwan, A. J. Bailey, M. Hanhardt, Chao Zhang, B. G. Lenardo, S. Shaw, P. Phelps, A. Bernstein, A. St. J. Murphy, Henrique Araujo, M. G. D. Gilchriese, A. Manalaysay, C. Chan, N.A. Larsen, R. Bramante, T. A. Shutt, V. M. Gehman, J. A. Morad, J. E. Cutter, J. E. Y. Dobson, C. R. Hall, F. Neves, M.I. Lopes, R. Knoche, A. Lindote, Ethan Bernard, S. A. Hertel, E. Druszkiewicz, K. Yazdani, L. Reichhart, B. N. Edwards, Daniel McKinsey, W. H. To, M. F. Marzioni, T. P. Biesiadzinski, D. M. Mei, R. L. Mannino, T. J. R. Davison, K. Kazkaz, C. Chiller, K. T. Lesko, D. Q. Huang, C. Lee, K. O’Sullivan, C. Rhyne, P. A. Terman, R. J. Gaitskell, J. T. White, Michael S. Witherell, T. Coffey, K. J. Palladino, A.A. Chiller, Sidney Cahn, W. C. Taylor, J. Balajthy, K.R. Gibson, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, M. Ihm, A. Currie, S. Uvarov, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, V. N. Solovov, T. J. Whitis, D. P. Hogan, J.R. Verbus, M. Horn, Matthew Szydagis, B. P. Tennyson, D. Khaitan, S. Stephenson, Sarah Young, F.L.H. Wolfs, C. Nehrkorn, D. R. Tiedt, C. M. Ignarra, W. Ji, S. J. Haselschwardt, E. M. Boulton, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, K. Kamdin, P. Beltrame, T. J. Sumner, and D. S. Akerib
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Trace Amounts, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Nuclear physics, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle And Plasma Physics, Adsorption, Xenon, Impurity, 0103 physical sciences, Gas separation, 010306 general physics, physics.ins-det, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Radiochemistry, Krypton, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, 0201 Astronomical And Space Sciences, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Weakly interacting massive particles
Abstract: The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment operates at the Sanford Underground Research Facility to detect nuclear recoils from the hypothetical Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) on a liquid xenon target. Liquid xenon typically contains trace amounts of the noble radioactive isotopes $^{85}$Kr and $^{39}$Ar that are not removed by the in situ gas purification system. The decays of these isotopes at concentrations typical of research-grade xenon would be a dominant background for a WIMP search exmperiment. To remove these impurities from the liquid xenon, a chromatographic separation system based on adsorption on activated charcoal was built. 400 kg of xenon was processed, reducing the average concentration of krypton from 130 ppb to 3.5 ppt as measured by a cold-trap assisted mass spectroscopy system. A 50 kg batch spiked to 0.001 g/g of krypton was processed twice and reduced to an upper limit of 0.2 ppt., Comment: Accepted in Astropart. Phys
Published: 2018

7. Kr83m calibration of the 2013 LUX dark matter search

Author: L. Tvrznikova, A. Currie, Witherell, D. Q. Huang, S. Uvarov, R. G. Jacobsen, B. G. Lenardo, A. Dobi, D. J. Taylor, D. M. Mei, J. A. Morad, P. Sorensen, T. J. R. Davison, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, M. Horn, Verbus, K. Kamdin, M. Solmaz, P. Beltrame, R. C. Webb, S. A. Hertel, T. J. Whitis, W. Ji, H. N. Nelson, D. Byram, K. Yazdani, B. P. Tennyson, S. Fiorucci, Sarah Young, Fallon, S. J. Haselschwardt, Catarina Silva, S. Alsum, C. M. Ignarra, M. Moongweluwan, Tiedt, K. T. Lesko, Velan, P. A. Terman, N. A. Larsen, P. Brás, A. Murphy, J. E. Cutter, C. Chan, X. Bai, K. Kazkaz, T. J. Sumner, M. Hanhardt, J. Mock, C. Rhyne, R. J. Gaitskell, A. Manalaysay, Ethan Bernard, F. Neves, M. G. D. Gilchriese, S. Shaw, C. Ghag, A. Fan, Chao Zhang, T. A. Shutt, E. Druszkiewicz, Sidney Cahn, M. F. Marzioni, K. O'Sullivan, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, D. Khaitan, J. T. White, F.L.H. Wolfs, D. P. Hogan, Mani Tripathi, Adam Bernstein, K. J. Palladino, E. K. Pease, V. N. Solovov, T. P. Biesiadzinski, A. Lindote, M.I. Lopes, R. Knoche, R. L. Mannino, A. J. Bailey, Blair Edwards, W. C. Taylor, Matthew Szydagis, J. Balajthy, J. Genovesi, Jilei Xu, C. Nehrkorn, Henrique Araujo, W. H. To, C. R. Hall, E. M. Boulton, Daniel McKinsey, and D. S. Akerib
Subjects: Combinatorics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 0103 physical sciences, Context (language use), 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences
Abstract: Author(s): Akerib, DS; Alsum, S; Araujo, HM; Bai, X; Bailey, AJ; Balajthy, J; Beltrame, P; Bernard, EP; Bernstein, A; Biesiadzinski, TP; Boulton, EM; Bras, P; Byram, D; Cahn, SB; Carmona-Benitez, MC; Chan, C; Currie, A; Cutter, JE; Davison, TJR; Dobi, A; Druszkiewicz, E; Edwards, BN; Fallon, SR; Fan, A; Fiorucci, S; Gaitskell, RJ; Genovesi, J; Ghag, C; Gilchriese, MGD; Hall, CR; Hanhardt, M; Haselschwardt, SJ; Hertel, SA; Hogan, DP; Horn, M; Huang, DQ; Ignarra, CM; Jacobsen, RG; Ji, W; Kamdin, K; Kazkaz, K; Khaitan, D; Knoche, R; Larsen, NA; Lenardo, BG; Lesko, KT; Lindote, A; Lopes, MI; Manalaysay, A; Mannino, RL; Marzioni, MF; McKinsey, DN; Mei, DM; Mock, J; Moongweluwan, M; Morad, JA; Murphy, ASJ; Nehrkorn, C; Nelson, HN; Neves, F; O'Sullivan, K; Oliver-Mallory, KC; Palladino, KJ; Pease, EK; Rhyne, C; Shaw, S; Shutt, TA; Silva, C; Solmaz, M; Solovov, VN; Sorensen, P; Sumner, TJ; Szydagis, M; Taylor, DJ; Taylor, WC; Tennyson, BP; Terman, PA; Tiedt, DR; To, WH; Tripathi, M; Tvrznikova, L; Uvarov, S; Velan, V; Verbus, JR; Webb, RC | Abstract: LUX was the first dark matter experiment to use a Kr83m calibration source. In this paper, we describe the source preparation and injection. We also present several Kr83m calibration applications in the context of the 2013 LUX exposure, including the measurement of temporal and spatial variation in scintillation and charge signal amplitudes, and several methods to understand the electric field within the time projection chamber.
Published: 2017

8. Radiogenic and muon-induced backgrounds in the LUX dark matter detector

Author: D. J. Taylor, B. N. Edwards, N. Walsh, J.J. Chapman, Michael S. Witherell, Daniel McKinsey, M. Pangilinan, F. Neves, F.L.H. Wolfs, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, J. A. Morad, V. N. Solovov, Matthew Szydagis, D. R. Tiedt, C.H. Faham, N. A. Larsen, C. Lee, C. Chan, M. Moongweluwan, Chao Zhang, A. W. Bradley, S. A. Hertel, P. Phelps, T. J. Sumner, P. D. Parker, K. O'Sullivan, Henrique Araujo, A. J. Bailey, H. N. Nelson, M. G. D. Gilchriese, E. Druszkiewicz, Mani Tripathi, C. R. Hall, T. Coffey, L. de Viveiros, Ethan Bernard, R. G. Jacobsen, X. Bai, C. Ghag, Dongming Mei, K. Pech, J. Mock, A. A. Chiller, Sidney Cahn, C. E. Flores, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, R. C. Webb, D.C. Malling, R. L. Mannino, R. A. Ott, A. Lindote, L. Reichhart, D. Q. Huang, J. Balajthy, M. Horn, D. S. Akerib, A. St. J. Murphy, Adam Bernstein, K.R. Gibson, R. J. Gaitskell, S. Fiorucci, M.I. Lopes, R. Knoche, J. T. White, M. Ihm, S. Uvarov, D. Byram, C. Chiller, J.R. Verbus, T. A. Shutt, J. E. Y. Dobson, C. Nehrkorn, A. Dobi, P. Sorensen, B. P. Tennyson, M. Woods, A. Currie, V. M. Gehman, and Kareem Kazkaz
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, chemistry.chemical_element, Atomic, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Particle and Plasma Physics, Xenon, WIMP, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear, Radioactive background, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), physics.ins-det, Physics, LUX, Muon, Radiogenic nuclide, Isotope, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Molecular, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, chemistry, Material screening, Weakly interacting massive particles, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Simulation, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) dark matter experiment aims to detect rare low-energy interactions from Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). The radiogenic backgrounds in the LUX detector have been measured and compared with Monte Carlo simulation. Measurements of LUX high-energy data have provided direct constraints on all background sources contributing to the background model. The expected background rate from the background model for the 85.3 day WIMP search run is $(2.6\pm0.2_{\textrm{stat}}\pm0.4_{\textrm{sys}})\times10^{-3}$~events~keV$_{ee}^{-1}$~kg$^{-1}$~day$^{-1}$ in a 118~kg fiducial volume. The observed background rate is $(3.6\pm0.4_{\textrm{stat}})\times10^{-3}$~events~keV$_{ee}^{-1}$~kg$^{-1}$~day$^{-1}$, consistent with model projections. The expectation for the radiogenic background in a subsequent one-year run is presented., 18 pages, 12 figures / 17 images, submitted to Astropart. Phys
Published: 2015

9. 3D Modeling of Electric Fields in the LUX Detector

Author: D. Q. Huang, P. A. Terman, S. Uvarov, M. Horn, A. Dobi, H. N. Nelson, Mani Tripathi, S. A. Hertel, J. Genovesi, Jilei Xu, M. G. D. Gilchriese, E. Druszkiewicz, T. J. R. Davison, C. Nehrkorn, S. Alsum, J. T. White, K. Yazdani, M. Hanhardt, W. C. Taylor, L. Tvrznikova, R. C. Webb, M. Moongweluwan, D. Byram, A. Lindote, Sarah Young, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, A. Manalaysay, D. R. Tiedt, D. Khaitan, C. M. Ignarra, J. Balajthy, S. R. Fallon, A. J. Bailey, S. Fiorucci, A. Currie, T. J. Whitis, B. G. Lenardo, P. Brás, J.R. Verbus, K. T. Lesko, N. A. Larsen, D. J. Taylor, A. Fan, X. Bai, C. Chan, K. J. Palladino, F.L.H. Wolfs, B. N. Edwards, J. Mock, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, M. Solmaz, Ethan Bernard, Kareem Kazkaz, V. N. Solovov, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, P. Sorensen, Sidney Cahn, K. O’Sullivan, S. Shaw, T. P. Biesiadzinski, M. F. Marzioni, M. S. Witherell, B. P. Tennyson, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, Henrique Araujo, P. Beltrame, S. J. Haselschwardt, Matthew Szydagis, C. R. Hall, Daniel McKinsey, R. G. Jacobsen, W. Ji, K. Kamdin, D. S. Akerib, E. M. Boulton, T. J. Sumner, Dongming Mei, C. Ghag, A. St. J. Murphy, Adam Bernstein, M.I. Lopes, R. Knoche, Chao Zhang, D. P. Hogan, C. Rhyne, F. Neves, R. J. Gaitskell, J. E. Cutter, V. Velan, R. L. Mannino, and W. H. To
Subjects: Technology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Field (physics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Noble liquid detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, Detector modelling and simulations II, Noble liquid detectors (scintillation, ionization, double-phase), 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Dark Matter detectors (WIMPs, axions, etc.), High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Engineering, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, CALORIMETER, 010306 general physics, Dark Matter detectors, Instrumentation, Instruments & Instrumentation, physics.ins-det, Mathematical Physics, Mathematical physics, Physics, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, Active volume, Mean value, Detector, Charge density, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Detector modelling and simulations II (electric fields, charge transport, multiplication and induction, pulse formation, electron emission, etc), LIGHT, physics.comp-ph, Physical Sciences, Analysis and statistical methods, Electric field magnitude, CHAMBERS, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract: Author(s): Akerib, DS; Alsum, S; Araujo, HM; Bai, X; Bailey, AJ; Balajthy, J; Beltrame, P; Bernard, EP; Bernstein, A; Biesiadzinski, TP; Boulton, EM; Bras, P; Byram, D; Cahn, SB; Carmona-Benitez, MC; Chan, C; Currie, A; Cutter, JE; Davison, TJR; Dobi, A; Druszkiewicz, E; Edwards, BN; Fallon, SR; Fan, A; Fiorucci, S; Gaitskell, RJ; Genovesi, J; Ghag, C; Gilchriese, MGD; Hall, CR; Hanhardt, M; Haselschwardt, SJ; Hertel, SA; Hogan, DP; Horn, M; Huang, DQ; Ignarra, CM; Jacobsen, RG; Ji, W; Kamdin, K; Kazkaz, K; Khaitan, D; Knoche, R; Larsen, NA; Lenardo, BG; Lesko, KT; Lindote, A; Lopes, MI; Manalaysay, A; Mannino, RL; Marzioni, MF; McKinsey, DN; Mei, DM; Mock, J; Moongweluwan, M; Morad, JA; Murphy, ASJ; Nehrkorn, C; Nelson, HN; Neves, F; O'Sullivan, K; Oliver-Mallory, KC; Palladino, KJ; Pease, EK; Rhyne, C; Shaw, S; Shutt, TA; Silva, C; Solmaz, M; Solovov, VN; Sorensen, P; Sumner, TJ; Szydagis, M; Taylor, DJ; Taylor, WC; Tennyson, BP; Terman, PA; Tiedt, DR; To, WH; Tripathi, M; Tvrznikova, L; Uvarov, S; Velan, V; Verbus, JR; Webb, RC | Abstract: This work details the development of a three-dimensional (3D) electric field model for the LUX detector. The detector took data to search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) during two periods. After the first period completed, a time-varying non-uniform negative charge developed in the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) panels that define the radial boundary of the detector's active volume. This caused electric field variations in the detector in time, depth and azimuth, generating an electrostatic radially-inward force on electrons on their way upward to the liquid surface. To map this behavior, 3D electric field maps of the detector's active volume were generated on a monthly basis. This was done by fitting a model built in COMSOL Multiphysics to the uniformly distributed calibration data that were collected on a regular basis. The modeled average PTFE charge density increased over the course of the exposure from -3.6 to -5.5 μC/m2. From our studies, we deduce that the electric field magnitude varied locally while the mean value of the field of ∼200 V/cm remained constant throughout the exposure. As a result of this work the varying electric fields and their impact on event reconstruction and discrimination were successfully modeled.
Published: 2017

10. First Searches for Axions and Axionlike Particles with the LUX Experiment

Author: K.R. Gibson, Henrique Araujo, P. A. Terman, S. Shaw, M. Hanhardt, C. R. Hall, S. Uvarov, D. P. Hogan, J. E. Cutter, M. Horn, A. Manalaysay, F.L.H. Wolfs, S. K. Young, M. S. Witherell, K. O’Sullivan, Ethan Bernard, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, D. J. Taylor, T. A. Shutt, F. Neves, R. G. Jacobsen, X. Bai, J. A. Morad, P. Brás, T. P. Biesiadzinski, J. E. Y. Dobson, K. Kamdin, J. T. White, M. G. D. Gilchriese, L. Tvrznikova, P. Beltrame, D. Q. Huang, W. Ji, C. Rhyne, S. Alsum, R. J. Gaitskell, A. Dobi, B. G. Lenardo, C. Aquino, A. Currie, S. J. Haselschwardt, M. Moongweluwan, H. N. Nelson, V. M. Gehman, V. Velan, Daniel McKinsey, T. J. Whitis, Matthew Szydagis, Dongming Mei, P. Sorensen, C. H. Faham, Jilei Xu, Sidney Cahn, K. T. Lesko, N. A. Larsen, K. Kazkaz, C. Nehrkorn, C. Ghag, M. Solmaz, J.R. Verbus, B. P. Tennyson, Mani Tripathi, S. Stephenson, R. L. Mannino, J. Mock, Chao Zhang, D. R. Tiedt, C. M. Ignarra, W. C. Taylor, R. C. Webb, A. Lindote, J. Balajthy, S. Fiorucci, L. Reichhart, S. R. Fallon, W. H. To, A. A. Chiller, C. Chan, B. N. Edwards, A. J. Bailey, A. St. J. Murphy, Adam Bernstein, M.I. Lopes, R. Knoche, D. S. Akerib, E. M. Boulton, T. J. Sumner, S. A. Hertel, E. Druszkiewicz, K. Yazdani, T. J. R. Davison, D. Byram, C. Chiller, K. J. Palladino, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, V. N. Solovov, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, Ching Hua Lee, M. F. Marzioni, and D. Khaitan
Subjects: Particle physics, General Physics, Large Underground Xenon experiment, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics, Multidisciplinary, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Elementary particle, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, LUX Collaboration, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, Invariant mass, 010306 general physics, Axion, DETECTOR, Boson, Physics, Coupling constant, HARMLESS AXION, Science & Technology, 02 Physical Sciences, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, INVISIBLE AXION, hep-ph, Coupling (probability), INVARIANCE, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, STRONG CP PROBLEM, Physical Sciences, astro-ph.CO, Strong CP problem, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The first searches for axions and axionlike particles with the Large Underground Xenon experiment are presented. Under the assumption of an axioelectric interaction in xenon, the coupling constant between axions and electrons g_{Ae} is tested using data collected in 2013 with an exposure totaling 95 live days ×118 kg. A double-sided, profile likelihood ratio statistic test excludes g_{Ae} larger than 3.5×10^{-12} (90% C.L.) for solar axions. Assuming the Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitsky theoretical description, the upper limit in coupling corresponds to an upper limit on axion mass of 0.12 eV/c^{2}, while for the Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zhakharov description masses above 36.6 eV/c^{2} are excluded. For galactic axionlike particles, values of g_{Ae} larger than 4.2×10^{-13} are excluded for particle masses in the range 1-16 keV/c^{2}. These are the most stringent constraints to date for these interactions.
Published: 2017

11. Final Report: Pushing the Dark-Matter Limit: Triggering LUX and LZ

Author: F.L.H. Wolfs
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Dark matter, Limit (mathematics)
Published: 2017

12. Limits on spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon cross section obtained from the complete LUX exposure

Author: Jilei Xu, C. Nehrkorn, C. H. Faham, A. St. J. Murphy, C. Ghag, V. Velan, M.I. Lopes, F.L.H. Wolfs, R. Knoche, D. P. Hogan, A. Dobi, M. Hanhardt, E. M. Boulton, M. G. D. Gilchriese, D. Byram, T. J. Sumner, Sidney Cahn, T. J. Whitis, A. Bernstein, R. L. Mannino, S. Fiorucci, C. Chiller, H. N. Nelson, J. E. Cutter, F. Neves, A. J. Bailey, A. Manalaysay, Mani Tripathi, Matthew Szydagis, P. Brás, Ethan Bernard, W. H. To, D. Q. Huang, B. G. Lenardo, L. Tvrznikova, C. Chan, S. Uvarov, D. Khaitan, Daniel McKinsey, M. Horn, D. S. Akerib, M. Solmaz, S. R. Fallon, R. C. Webb, Dongming Mei, K. O’Sullivan, A. Currie, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, V. M. Gehman, K. Kamdin, K. J. Palladino, P. Beltrame, W. C. Taylor, K. Kazkaz, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, R. G. Jacobsen, S. A. Hertel, S. J. Haselschwardt, J. Balajthy, E. Druszkiewicz, K. Yazdani, V. N. Solovov, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, Chao Zhang, A. Lindote, L. Reichhart, S. Stephenson, Henrique Araujo, W. Ji, Ching Hua Lee, J.R. Verbus, A. A. Chiller, T. J. R. Davison, P. A. Terman, B. N. Edwards, T. P. Biesiadzinski, C. R. Hall, Sarah Young, D. R. Tiedt, C. M. Ignarra, J. T. White, P. Sorensen, B. P. Tennyson, C. Rhyne, R. J. Gaitskell, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, J. E. Y. Dobson, K. T. Lesko, N. A. Larsen, S. Shaw, M. S. Witherell, X. Bai, J. Mock, D. J. Taylor, S. Alsum, M. Moongweluwan, and M. F. Marzioni
Subjects: Nuclear reaction, Particle physics, General Physics, Large Underground Xenon experiment, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Hadron, Physics, Multidisciplinary, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Elementary particle, 01 natural sciences, Mathematical Sciences, LUX Collaboration, Nuclear physics, Engineering, WIMP, 0103 physical sciences, DARK-MATTER, 010306 general physics, Elastic scattering, Physics, Science & Technology, 02 Physical Sciences, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Baryon, Physical Sciences, astro-ph.CO, Nucleon, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present experimental constraints on the spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon elastic cross sections from the total 129.5 kg-year exposure acquired by the Large Underground Xenon experiment (LUX), operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota (USA). A profile likelihood ratio analysis allows 90% CL upper limits to be set on the WIMP-neutron (WIMP-proton) cross section of $\sigma_n$ = 1.6$\times 10^{-41}$ cm$^{2}$ ($\sigma_p$ = 5$\times 10^{-40}$ cm$^{2}$) at 35 GeV$c^{-2}$, almost a sixfold improvement over the previous LUX spin-dependent results. The spin-dependent WIMP-neutron limit is the most sensitive constraint to date., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, version accepted by PRL
Published: 2017
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13. Identification of Radiopure Titanium for the LZ Dark Matter Experiment and Future Rare Event Searches

Author: A.V. Khromov, P. Sorensen, D. Woodward, Duncan Carlsmith, M. Arthurs, J.S. Saba, Henrique Araujo, Yue Meng, M. G. D. Gilchriese, M. Horn, W. Skulski, S. A. Hertel, E. Druszkiewicz, E. H. Miller, D. White, C. Carels, K. Stifter, A. Manalaysay, L. Tvrznikova, M. S. Witherell, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, P. Rossiter, Laura Manenti, J. Va’vra, A. St. J. Murphy, B. Holbrook, C. R. Hall, B. Gomber, R. Coughlen, C. Levy, V.V. Sosnovtsev, Adam Bernstein, K. Kamdin, Ethan Bernard, T. J. R. Davison, J. J. Cherwinka, S. Hans, A. Currie, P.R. Scovell, P. Beltrame, E. Mizrachi, S. Fiorucci, K. J. Palladino, V. M. Gehman, Ben Carlson, T. J. Whitis, H. Kraus, R. W. Schnee, R. Bramante, M. Hoff, M.I. Lopes, I. J. Arnquist, J. Mock, W. R. Edwards, Carl W. Akerlof, D. J. Markley, J. Thomson, J. Yin, I. Olcina, F.L.H. Wolfs, K. Pushkin, S. J. Haselschwardt, H. J. Krebs, C. Chiller, S. Alsum, S. Shaw, M. G. D. van der Grinten, E. K. Pease, B. Lopez Paredes, S. Luitz, P. Brás, K. E. Boast, C. Silva, Elena Korolkova, A. Khazov, Andreas Piepke, T.J. Martin, W. L. Waldron, D. Q. Huang, A. Lindote, J. Belle, R.M. Gerhard, W.W. Craddock, T.W. Hurteau, K.J. Thomas, P. A. Terman, V. N. Solovov, D. Yu. Akimov, C. H. Faham, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, T.M. Stiegler, J. O'Dell, A. Cottle, B. Boxer, A. Konovalov, M. E. Monzani, W. C. Taylor, L. Reichhart, M.J. Barry, Juhyeong Lee, T. K. Edberg, C. Chan, I. Stancu, M. Timalsina, Wenzhao Wei, Michael Schubnell, D. Temples, D. J. Taylor, M. Solmaz, C. Ghag, R. M. Preece, S. Balashov, N.J. Gantos, R. G. Jacobsen, P. Majewski, M. Sarychev, R. Wang, J. Balajthy, K. Hanzel, H. S. Lee, Steven Worm, J. H. Buckley, A. J. Bailey, A. C. Kaboth, Matthew Szydagis, M. Koyuncu, J.R. Verbus, R. Bunker, W. H. Lippincott, Daniel McKinsey, T. Benson, A. V. Kumpan, Eric W. Hoppe, Antonin Vacheret, C. Hjemfelt, M.R. Stark, X. Bai, Minfang Yeh, B. N. Ratcliff, R. L. Mannino, T. Fruth, W. Ji, Seth Hillbrand, M. A. Olevitch, A. Richards, Jilei Xu, D. Khaitan, J. Lin, K. O’Sullivan, C. Nehrkorn, W. H. To, J. Reichenbacher, A. A. Chiller, J. A. Nikkel, W.T. Emmet, D. S. Akerib, R. Linehan, R. Watson, Mani Tripathi, David Leonard, Richard Rosero, J.P. Rodrigues, J. Busenitz, K. T. Lesko, C. Lee, C. Rhyne, R. J. Gaitskell, Kareem Kazkaz, Carl Vuosalo, T. P. Biesiadzinski, R. C. Webb, C. E. Dahl, T. J. Sumner, S. Kyre, F. Neves, R. Leonard, Wolfgang Lorenzon, H. J. Rose, S. Stephenson, Chao Zhang, W. J. Wisniewski, J.Y-K. Hor, Alexander Bolozdynya, V. Bugaev, Dongming Mei, F.-T. Liao, T. E. Tope, M. R. While, A. Dobi, H. N. Nelson, V. A. Kudryavtsev, S. Powell, D. R. Tiedt, B. J. Mount, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, E. Holtom, J. E. Y. Dobson, C. M. Ignarra, C. T. McConnell, K. Skarpaas, M. F. Marzioni, A. Tomás, Sergey Burdin, X. Liu, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Subjects: Cryostat, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, ZEPLIN-III, Dark matter, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Cryogenics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Physics, Particles & Fields, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Xenon, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle And Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, physics.ins-det, Physics, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, Detector, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, 0201 Astronomical And Space Sciences, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Physical Sciences, Event (particle physics), Titanium, GERDA
Abstract: The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment will search for dark matter particle interactions with a detector containing a total of 10 tonnes of liquid xenon within a double-vessel cryostat. The large mass and proximity of the cryostat to the active detector volume demand the use of material with extremely low intrinsic radioactivity. We report on the radioassay campaign conducted to identify suitable metals, the determination of factors limiting radiopure production, and the selection of titanium for construction of the LZ cryostat and other detector components. This titanium has been measured with activities of $^{238}$U$_{e}$~$, Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics
Published: 2017
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14. Signal yields, energy resolution, and recombination fluctuations in liquid xenon

Author: Henrique Araujo, Jilei Xu, C. Nehrkorn, Matthew Szydagis, B. G. Lenardo, T. J. Sumner, C. R. Hall, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, M. Solmaz, K. Kamdin, Sidney Cahn, P. Beltrame, Mani Tripathi, K.R. Gibson, R.G. Jacobsen, D. Byram, S. Stephenson, M. F. Marzioni, A. Lindote, L. Reichhart, Witherell, R. C. Webb, K. O'Sullivan, Sarah Young, P. A. Terman, C. M. Ignarra, F.L.H. Wolfs, T. A. Shutt, N.A. Larsen, D. Q. Huang, J. A. Morad, Tiedt, Daniel McKinsey, J. E. Y. Dobson, S. J. Haselschwardt, S. Shaw, P. Brás, R. Bramante, P. Phelps, K. Kazkaz, A.A. Chiller, C. Chiller, B. P. Tennyson, D. Khaitan, M.I. Lopes, R. Knoche, C. H. Faham, K. J. Palladino, E. M. Boulton, M. Hanhardt, C. Ghag, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, D. M. Mei, V. N. Solovov, T. J. R. Davison, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, M. G. D. Gilchriese, A. Bernstein, S. Alsum, A. Dobi, A. Manalaysay, A. J. Bailey, B. N. Edwards, H. N. Nelson, L. Tvrznikova, M. Moongweluwan, D. P. Hogan, X. Bai, P. Sorensen, Ethan Bernard, M. Horn, R. L. Mannino, V. M. Gehman, F. Neves, J. Mock, Verbus, S. A. Hertel, E. Druszkiewicz, A. Currie, T. P. Biesiadzinski, M. Ihm, S. Uvarov, K. Yazdani, Chao Zhang, K. T. Lesko, C. Lee, C. Chan, W. Ji, T. J. Whitis, J. T. White, C. Rhyne, D. J. Taylor, R. J. Gaitskell, D. S. Akerib, A. Murphy, J. E. Cutter, W. C. Taylor, J. Balajthy, W. H. To, and S. Fiorucci
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, ARGON, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Ion, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics, Particles & Fields, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Recoil, Xenon, DEPENDENCE, 0103 physical sciences, PARTICLES, 010306 general physics, Physics, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Resolution (electron density), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Limiting, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), SCINTILLATION YIELDS, 3. Good health, chemistry, Physical Sciences, IONIZATION, Atomic physics, Recombination
Abstract: This work presents an analysis of monoenergetic electronic recoil peaks in the dark-matter-search and calibration data from the first underground science run of the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) detector. Liquid xenon charge and light yields for electronic recoil energies between 5.2 and 661.7 keV are measured, as well as the energy resolution for the LUX detector at those same energies. Additionally, there is an interpretation of existing measurements and descriptions of electron-ion recombination fluctuations in liquid xenon as limiting cases of a more general liquid xenon re- combination fluctuation model. Measurements of the standard deviation of these fluctuations at monoenergetic electronic recoil peaks exhibit a linear dependence on the number of ions for energy deposits up to 661.7 keV, consistent with previous LUX measurements between 2-16 keV with $^3$H. We highlight similarities in liquid xenon recombination for electronic and nuclear recoils with a comparison of recombination fluctuations measured with low-energy calibration data., 11 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables
Published: 2017

15. The LUX prototype detector: Heat exchanger development

Author: W. Skulski, M. Woods, Kareem Kazkaz, B. Holbrook, P. Sorensen, F.L.H. Wolfs, T. A. Shutt, T. Classen, R. L. Mannino, C.H. Faham, James Nikkel, S. Fiorucci, R. L. Lander, S. Bedikian, Mani Tripathi, D.C. Malling, R. C. Webb, L. de Viveiros, C.E. Dahl, Robert Svoboda, X. Bai, J.J. Chapman, J. Mock, E. Druszkiewicz, J. Spaans, M. R. Dragowsky, S. Dazeley, P. Phelps, A. Curioni, M. Sweany, T. Steigler, M. Morii, D. S. Akerib, Sidney Cahn, J. T. White, A. Bernstein, J. Thomson, J. Kwong, L. Kastens, K. Clark, David Leonard, Chao Zhang, R. J. Gaitskell, N. Walsh, Alexander Bolozdynya, Dongming Mei, A. W. Bradley, D. Carr, C. R. Hall, and Daniel McKinsey
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Cryogenics, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Xenon, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Heat exchanger, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Instrumentation, Physics, Time projection chamber, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), chemistry, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business
Abstract: The LUX (Large Underground Xenon) detector is a two-phase xenon Time Projection Chamber (TPC) designed to search for WIMP-nucleon dark matter interactions. As with all noble element detectors, continuous purification of the detector medium is essential to produce a large ($>$1ms) electron lifetime; this is necessary for efficient measurement of the electron signal which in turn is essential for achieving robust discrimination of signal from background events. In this paper we describe the development of a novel purification system deployed in a prototype detector. The results from the operation of this prototype indicated heat exchange with an efficiency above 94% up to a flow rate of 42 slpm, allowing for an electron drift length greater than 1 meter to be achieved in approximately two days and sustained for the duration of the testing period., 12 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2013

16. FPGA-based Trigger System for the LUX Dark Matter Experiment

Author: J. E. Cutter, C. Rhyne, R. J. Gaitskell, C. H. Faham, C. Ghag, B. Lenardo, Mani Tripathi, M. Pangilinan, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, W. Skulski, S. Shaw, L. de Viveiros, M. Hanhardt, P. Phelps, W. H. To, P. A. Terman, D. M. Mei, A. Bernstein, P. Beltrame, T. J. R. Davison, T. P. Biesiadzinski, A. Currie, A. J. Bailey, A. Manalaysay, A. W. Bradley, S. A. Hertel, D. P. Hogan, X. Bai, R. C. Webb, A. Dobi, M. G. D. Gilchriese, E. Druszkiewicz, C. Chan, Ethan Bernard, J. Yin, Sidney Cahn, H. N. Nelson, F. Neves, T. J. Whitis, J. Mock, B. N. Edwards, S. J. Haselschwardt, J. T. White, Matthew Szydagis, Michael S. Witherell, Chao Zhang, C. Nehrkorn, W. C. Taylor, J. Balajthy, K. T. Lesko, C. Lee, W. Ji, R. A. Ott, F.L.H. Wolfs, A. Lindote, K.R. Gibson, L. Reichhart, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, J.J. Chapman, J. E. Y. Dobson, Sarah Young, D. J. Taylor, Daniel McKinsey, N.A. Larsen, R. Bramante, D. R. Tiedt, C. M. Ignarra, J.R. Verbus, S. Fiorucci, A.A. Chiller, E. M. Boulton, M. F. Marzioni, D.C. Malling, K. Kazkaz, C. Chiller, Henrique Araujo, M. Moongweluwan, C. R. Hall, R.G. Jacobsen, D. S. Akerib, T. J. Sumner, S. Stephenson, D. Q. Huang, A. St. J. Murphy, K. J. Palladino, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, V. N. Solovov, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, M.I. Lopes, R. Knoche, M. Ihm, B. P. Tennyson, D. Khaitan, S. Uvarov, K. O׳Sullivan, M. Horn, L. Tvrznikova, V. M. Gehman, R. L. Mannino, and P. Sorensen
Subjects: Technology, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, Latency (audio), FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Physics, Particles & Fields, Nuclear physics, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle And Plasma Physics, Data acquisition, Xenon, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Science & Technology, DSP, 010306 general physics, Instruments & Instrumentation, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy, FPGA, Digital signal processing, Physics, Dark matter detectors, Science & Technology, Time projection chamber, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Baseline subtraction, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, DAQ, Trigger, Microsecond, chemistry, Physical Sciences, business
Abstract: LUX is a two-phase (liquid/gas) xenon time projection chamber designed to detect nuclear recoils resulting from interactions with dark matter particles. Signals from the detector are processed with an FPGA-based digital trigger system that analyzes the incoming data in real-time, with just a few microsecond latency. The system enables first pass selection of events of interest based on their pulse shape characteristics and 3D localization of the interactions. It has been shown to be >99% efficient in triggering on S2 signals induced by only few extracted liquid electrons. It is continuously and reliably operating since its full underground deployment in early 2013. This document is an overview of the systems capabilities, its inner workings, and its performance., 11 pages, 26 figures, added some key points to the abstract, and conclusions, no change in results, accepted for publication in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A
Published: 2016

17. LUX Cryogenics and Circulation

Author: R. G. Jacobsen, James Nikkel, T. Classen, K.R. Gibson, M. R. Dragowsky, A. Lyashenko, E. Druszkiewicz, Matthew Szydagis, P. Sorensen, D. S. Akerib, M. Sweany, M. Woods, N. Walsh, M. Hanhardt, Mani Tripathi, L. Kastens, K. Clark, D. Carr, F. Neves, Daniel McKinsey, J.J. Chapman, R. L. Mannino, Ethan Bernard, J. Pinto da Cunha, B. Holbrook, M. Morii, C. Silva, D.C. Malling, T. A. Shutt, V. N. Solovov, F.L.H. Wolfs, K. T. Lesko, N. A. Larsen, C. Lee, Kareem Kazkaz, Dongming Mei, A. W. Bradley, X. Bai, W. Skulski, C.H. Faham, Adam Bernstein, Robert Svoboda, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, J. Mock, C. R. Hall, Sidney Cahn, Chao Zhang, P. Phelps, M. Wlasenko, R. L. Lander, J. Spaans, J. Thomson, M.I. Lopes, A. Lindote, Steven Dazeley, R. J. Gaitskell, S. Bedikian, H. N. Nelson, T. Coffey, T.M. Stiegler, M. Ihm, M. Pangilinan, S. Fiorucci, R. C. Webb, L. de Viveiros, J. T. White, and J.R. Verbus
Subjects: Physics, Time projection chamber, LUX, Cryogenics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Physics and Astronomy(all), 01 natural sciences, Thermosyphon, Nuclear physics, Circulation (fluid dynamics), Xenon, Noble gas circulation, chemistry, Getter, 0103 physical sciences, Water cooling, Dark matter, Thermosiphon, 010306 general physics, Internal heating
Abstract: Submitted by Helmut Wolters (helmut@coimbra.lip.pt) on 2019-02-04T04:47:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 1.pdf: 568034 bytes, checksum: 9b578ed88c0f02f94689dbd34aaeae28 (MD5) zip/1313265.zip: 499693 bytes, checksum: 46d8f87f31a2aa6d1d4fffb91f43b4d7 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-04T04:47:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 1.pdf: 568034 bytes, checksum: 9b578ed88c0f02f94689dbd34aaeae28 (MD5) zip/1313265.zip: 499693 bytes, checksum: 46d8f87f31a2aa6d1d4fffb91f43b4d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-14
Published: 2012
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18. Measurement of single electron emission in two-phase xenon

Author: T. J. Sumner, R. M. Preece, P.F. Smith, G. Salinas, David B. Cline, R.J. Walker, B. N. Edwards, F.L.H. Wolfs, E.V. Korolkova, J. T. White, V. Chepel, C. Thorne, F. Neves, N. J. T. Smith, C. Ghag, A. St. J. Murphy, J. Pinto da Cunha, J. Gao, M.I. Lopes, V. N. Lebedenko, Henrique Araujo, Hongwei Wang, W. Ooi, T. Durkin, A. Lindote, C. Silva, V. N. Solovov, R. Lüscher, and Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC)
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, PHASE, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, Photoionization, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Electroluminescence, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle And Plasma Physics, Xenon, LIQUID ARGON, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, SCATTERING, FIELD, 010306 general physics, DETECTOR, Physics, DARK-MATTER DETECTION, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, EXCITONS, PHYSICS, PARTICLES & FIELDS, Krypton, ZEPLIN-II, Noble gas, Astronomy and Astrophysics, SOLID XENON, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Radiation detectors, 0201 Astronomical And Space Sciences, KRYPTON, chemistry, Physical Sciences, LUMINESCENCE, Liquid xenon, Atomic physics
Abstract: We present the first measurements of the electroluminescence response to the emission of single electrons in a two-phase noble gas detector. Single ionization electrons generated in liquid xenon are detected in a thin gas layer during the 31-day background run of the ZEPLIN-II experiment, a two-phase xenon detector for WIMP dark matter searches. Both the pressure dependence and magnitude of the single-electron response are in agreement with previous measurements of electroluminescence yield in xenon. We discuss different photoionization processes as possible cause for the sample of single electrons studied in this work. This observation may have implications for the design and operation of future large-scale two-phase systems., 11 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2008

19. The LUX Experiment

Author: B. N. Edwards, A. St. J. Murphy, M.I. Lopes, Daniel McKinsey, T. Coffey, K. O'Sullivan, R. Knoche, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, J. E. Y. Dobson, Michael S. Witherell, M. Pangilinan, K. Kazkaz, C. Chiller, A. Dobi, H. N. Nelson, R.G. Jacobsen, N.A. Larsen, D. Byram, C. Lee, K. Pech, R. A. Ott, J.J. Chapman, A. Bernstein, M. Horn, A. Lindote, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, L. Reichhart, D. J. Taylor, N. Walsh, X. Bai, D.C. Malling, D. S. Akerib, J. Balajthy, D. Q. Huang, Henrique Araujo, F.L.H. Wolfs, V. M. Gehman, A.A. Chiller, C. Nehrkorn, A. J. Bailey, R. J. Gaitskell, M. Woods, C. Chan, J. Mock, C. R. Hall, Ethan Bernard, F. Neves, E. K. Pease, K.R. Gibson, T. J. Sumner, C. Silva, V. N. Solovov, P. Phelps, J.R. Verbus, A. Currie, C. H. Faham, D. M. Mei, Chao Zhang, C. Ghag, R. L. Mannino, B. P. Tennyson, M. Moongweluwan, P. Sorensen, M. Ihm, S. Uvarov, P. D. Parker, J. T. White, C. E. Flores, A. W. Bradley, M. G. D. Gilchriese, Sidney Cahn, S. A. Hertel, E. Druszkiewicz, Matthew Szydagis, D. R. Tiedt, Mani Tripathi, R. C. Webb, L. de Viveiros, and S. Fiorucci
Subjects: Physics, Large Underground Xenon experiment, WIMP, ZEPLIN-III, Direct detection, Dark matter, Detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Physics and Astronomy(all), Nuclear physics, Xenon, chemistry, Liquid xenon detectors
Abstract: We present the status and prospects of the LUX experiment, which employs approximately 300 kg of two-phase xenon to search for WIMP dark matter interactions. The LUX detector was commissioned at the surface laboratory of the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, SD, between December 2011 and February 2012 and the detector has been operating underground since January, 2013. These proceedings review the results of the commissioning run as well as the status of underground data-taking through the summer of 2013.
Published: 2015

20. LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Conceptual Design Report

Author: V. B. Francis, A. Bernstein, A. Manalaysay, C. Chan, C. E. Tull, Eli Woods, B. N. Ratcliff, Ethan Bernard, R. W. Schnee, N.A. Larsen, V.V. Sosnovtsev, Elena Korolkova, M. Sarychev, James Nikkel, J. J. Cherwinka, S. Luitz, Peter Majewski, J.S. Saba, Henrique Araujo, D. White, B. N. Edwards, W. H. Lippincott, F. G. O'Neill, A. Khazov, X. Ji, M. E. Monzani, B. Holbrook, K. O'Sullivan, Laura Manenti, J. Liu, P.R. Scovell, D.C. Malling, E. M. Boulton, M. G. D. van der Grinten, W.L. Waldron, W. C. Taylor, D. S. Akerib, C. R. Hall, Mikkel B. Johnson, F.L.H. Wolfs, J. Lin, Matthew Szydagis, J. Balajthy, K. J. Palladino, T. P. Biesiadzinski, H. Kraus, A. Currie, C. E. Dahl, R. Bunker, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, V. N. Solovov, J. Thomson, M. R. While, A. Dobi, H. N. Nelson, T. J. Sumner, K. C. Oliver-Mallory, W. H. To, I. Stancu, S. Stephenson, M. Pangilinan, T. J. Whitis, R. Bramante, K. E. Boast, T.J. Martin, L. Tvrznikova, A. Lindote, Patrick Bauer, J. O'Dell, L. Wang, D. Woodward, V. A. Kudryavtsev, H.J. Krebs, M. Elnimr, D. R. Tiedt, J.P. Rodrigues, J. Busenitz, Hoff, S. Kyre, F. Neves, L. Reichhart, C. Fu, Wolfgang Lorenzon, C. Rhyne, W. J. Wisniewski, M.J. Barry, C. M. Ignarra, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, W. Skulski, W. R. Edwards, Carl W. Akerlof, R. J. Gaitskell, S. Balashov, Michael Schubnell, Olevitch, S. J. Patton, B. P. Tennyson, M. F. Marzioni, D. Khaitan, R. L. Mannino, K. Kamdin, W. Craddock, S. D. Worm, V. M. Gehman, Y. Ju, A. J. Bailey, Daniel McKinsey, B. G. Lenardo, P. Beltrame, H. J. Rose, Minfang Yeh, Sergey Burdin, R.M. Gerhard, X. Liu, K. Skarpaas, S. A. Hertel, E. Druszkiewicz, A. St. J. Murphy, T.M. Stiegler, T.W. Hurteau, K.J. Thomas, J. Yin, A. Tomás, K. Kazkaz, C. Chiller, S. Powell, M. Cascella, T. J. R. Davison, Chao Zhang, A.A. Chiller, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, J. Reichenbacher, J. E. Y. Dobson, R. M. Preece, N.J. Gantos, S. J. Haselschwardt, S. Uvarov, S.K. Young, M. G. D. Gilchriese, M.I. Lopes, Ben Carlson, J. Va’vra, J. E. Cutter, A.V. Khromov, C. Carels, Alexander Bolozdynya, V. Bugaev, R.G. Jacobsen, A. Harris, Wenzhao Wei, D. J. Taylor, D.Yu. Akimov, Dongming Mei, Duncan Carlsmith, Witherell, E. Holtom, W. Ji, C. H. Faham, S. Alsum, F.-T. Liao, D. Q. Huang, C. Ghag, C. O. Vuosalo, Bhawna Gomber, Mani Tripathi, Richard Rosero, R. C. Webb, L. de Viveiros, W. T. Emmet, Sridhara Dasu, S. Fiorucci, J.P. da Cunha, P. A. Terman, X. Bai, D. Markley, J. Mock, A. V. Kumpan, M.R. Stark, P. Sorensen, Yue Meng, K. T. Lesko, C. Lee, E. H. Miller, S. Shaw, A. Piepke, K. Sundarnath, A. Konovalov, T. K. Edberg, K. Pushkin, P. Ford, J. H. Buckley, and J.R. Verbus
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Expected cost, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Technical systems, Detector, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Particle detector, Nuclear physics, Conceptual design, Weakly interacting massive particles, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, physics.ins-det, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: The design and performance of the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) detector is described as of March 2015 in this Conceptual Design Report. LZ is a second-generation dark-matter detector with the potential for unprecedented sensitivity to weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) of masses from a few GeV/c2 to hundreds of TeV/c2. With total liquid xenon mass of about 10 tonnes, LZ will be the most sensitive experiment for WIMPs in this mass region by the end of the decade. This report describes in detail the design of the LZ technical systems. Expected backgrounds are quantified and the performance of the experiment is presented. The LZ detector will be located at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in South Dakota. The organization of the LZ Project and a summary of the expected cost and current schedule are given.
Published: 2015

21. Identified particles in Au+Au collisions at GeV

Author: Barbara Wosiek, B.B. Back, M.D. Baker, D.S. Barton, R.R. Betts, M. Ballintijn, A.A. Bickley, R. Bindel, A. Budzanowski, W. Busza, A. Carroll, M.P. Decowski, E. García, N. George, K. Gulbrandsen, S. Gushue, C. Halliwell, J. Hamblen, G.A. Heintzelman, C. Henderson, D.J. Hofman, R.S. Hollis, R. Hołyński, B. Holzman, A. Iordanova, E. Johnson, J.L. Kane, J. Katzy, N. Khan, W. Kucewicz, P. Kulinich, C.M. Kuo, S. Manly, D. McLeod, J. Michałowski, A.C. Mignerey, R. Nouicer, A. Olszewski, R. Pak, I.C. Park, H. Pernegger, C. Reed, L.P. Remsberg, M. Reuter, C. Roland, G. Roland, L. Rosenberg, J. Sagerer, P. Sarin, P. Sawicki, W. Skulski, S.G. Steadman, P. Steinberg, G.S.F. Stephans, M. Stodulski, A. Sukhanov, J.-L. Tang, R. Teng, A. Trzupek, C. Vale, G.J. van Nieuwenhuizen, R. Verdier, B. Wadsworth, F.L.H. Wolfs, B. Wosiek, K. Woźniak, A.H. Wuosmaa, and B. Wysłouch
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Antiparticle, Spectrometer, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, Invariant (physics), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Transverse plane, Pion, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract: The yields of identified particles have been measured at RHIC for Au+Au collisions at sqrt{s_NN} = 200 GeV using the PHOBOS spectrometer. The ratios of antiparticle to particle yields near mid-rapidity are presented. The first measurements of the invariant yields of charged pions, kaons and protons at very low transverse momenta are also shown.
Published: 2003

22. Charged hadron transverse momentum distributions in Au+Au collisions at GeV

Author: B.B. Back, M.D. Baker, D.S. Barton, R.R. Betts, M. Ballintijn, A.A. Bickley, R. Bindel, A. Budzanowski, W. Busza, A. Carroll, M.P. Decowski, E. García, N. George, K. Gulbrandsen, S. Gushue, C. Halliwell, J. Hamblen, G.A. Heintzelman, C. Henderson, D.J. Hofman, R.S. Hollis, R. Hołyński, B. Holzman, A. Iordanova, E. Johnson, J.L. Kane, J. Katzy, N. Khan, W. Kucewicz, P. Kulinich, C.M. Kuo, W.T. Lin, S. Manly, D. McLeod, J. Michałowski, A.C. Mignerey, R. Nouicer, A. Olszewski, R. Pak, I.C. Park, H. Pernegger, C. Reed, L.P. Remsberg, M. Reuter, C. Roland, G. Roland, L. Rosenberg, J. Sagerer, P. Sarin, P. Sawicki, W. Skulski, S.G. Steadman, P. Steinberg, G.S.F. Stephans, M. Stodulski, A. Sukhanov, J.-L. Tang, R. Teng, A. Trzupek, C. Vale, G.J. van Nieuwenhuizen, R. Verdier, B. Wadsworth, F.L.H. Wolfs, B. Wosiek, K. Woźniak, A.H. Wuosmaa, and B. Wysłouch
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Range (particle radiation), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, Binary number, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Transverse plane, 0103 physical sciences, Transverse momentum, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Scaling
Abstract: We present transverse momentum distributions of charged hadrons produced in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV. The evolution of the spectra for transverse momenta p_T from 0.25 to 5GeV/c is studied as a function of collision centrality over a range from 65 to 344 participating nucleons. We find a significant change of the spectral shape between proton-antiproton and peripheral Au+Au collisions. Comparing peripheral to central Au+Au collisions, we find that the yields at the highest p_T exhibit approximate scaling with the number of participating nucleons, rather than scaling with the number of binary collisions.
Published: 2003

23. The PHOBOS detector at RHIC

Author: L. P. Remsberg, W. Czyz, A. Sukhanov, B. B. Back, P. Kulinich, Christof Roland, Barbara Wosiek, Willis Lin, A. Budzanowski, J. Michałowski, G. Van Nieuwenhuizen, Alice Mignerey, Krzysztof Woźniak, H.W. Kraner, R. Bindel, Andrzej Olszewski, R. Pak, A. Bialas, J. Fitch, W. Bogucki, J. L. Kane, P. Haridas, C. Halliwell, A. Sanzgiri, S. Manly, M. P. Decowski, R. Teng, M. Friedl, T. Coghen, Burt Holzman, Marek Stodulski, John P. Ryan, Rachid Nouicer, Adam Trzupek, J. Sinacore, Boleslaw Wyslouch, B.F. Wadsworth, C. Reed, K. Gulbrandsen, R. Baum, C Connor, Jan Godlewski, N. George, Yuan-Hann Chang, David Jonathan Hofman, E. Garcia, K. Zalewski, Russell Richard Betts, Conor Henderson, C. Gomes, M. Neal, D. Ross, P. Sawicki, F.L.H. Wolfs, W. Skulski, P. Żychowski, A. H. Wuosmaa, A. B. Hayes, P. Fita, C. Vale, Heinz Pernegger, J. Halik, W. Kucewicz, Peter Steinberg, K. Surowiecka, A. Straczek, S. G. Steadman, J. Katzy, A. E. Chen, Pankaj Sarin, M. Ceglia, Gunther Roland, D. McLeod, E. Johnson, E. Griesmayer, Wit Busza, M. Reuter, A. S. Carroll, R. Verdier, M. D. Baker, M. Patel, D. S. Barton, R. S. Hollis, Z. Stopa, J. Scaduto, Bogdan Dabrowski, W. Kita, S. Gushue, J. Shea, G. S. F. Stephans, Johannes Mülmenstädt, M. Lemler, Jaw-Luen Tang, G. A. Heintzelman, M. Despet, K. Gałuszka, C. Law, R. Holynski, J. Kotula, L.J. Rosenberg, R. Ganz, M. Strȩk, Inkyu Park, S. Basilev, J. Ligocki, and M. Plesko
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Cherenkov detector, Detector, Scintillator, Charged particle, Particle identification, Particle detector, Semiconductor detector, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation
Abstract: This manuscript contains a detailed description of the PHOBOS experiment as it is configured for the Year 2001 running period. It is capable of detecting charged particles over the full solid angle using a multiplicity detector and measuring identified charged particles near mid-rapidity in two spectrometer arms with opposite magnetic fields. Both of these components utilize silicon pad detectors for charged particle detection. The minimization of material between the collision vertex and the first layers of silicon detectors allows for the detection of charged particles with very low transverse momenta, which is a unique feature of the PHOBOS experiment. Additional detectors include a time-of-flight wall which extends the particle identification range for one spectrometer arm, as well as sets of scintillator paddle and Cherenkov detector arrays for event triggering and centrality selection.
Published: 2003

24. Results from the LUX dark matter experiment

Author: S. J. Haselschwardt, A. J. Bailey, T. J. Sumner, D. J. Taylor, P. Sorensen, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, M. Pangilinan, J.J. Chapman, M. G. D. Gilchriese, M. Hanhardt, Daniel McKinsey, M. Woods, Chao Zhang, E. K. Pease, A. Bernstein, S. Fiorucci, C. Silva, N. Walsh, M. Horn, A. Dobi, P. Phelps, H. N. Nelson, K. Kazkaz, V. N. Solovov, C. Chiller, Ethan Bernard, A.A. Chiller, V. M. Gehman, A. W. Bradley, R. A. Ott, S. A. Hertel, B. Lenardo, Mani Tripathi, E. Druszkiewicz, M. Moongweluwan, A. Lindote, N.A. Larsen, D. S. Akerib, L. Reichhart, K. Pech, K.R. Gibson, F.L.H. Wolfs, P. D. Parker, X. Bai, A. Currie, A. St. J. Murphy, K. O`Sullivan, Henrique Araujo, J. Mock, R. C. Webb, J. T. White, T. A. Shutt, J. A. Morad, C. Chan, B. P. Tennyson, R. J. Gaitskell, C. R. Hall, M.I. Lopes, J. E. Y. Dobson, M. Ihm, S. Uvarov, F. Neves, C. E. Flores, R. L. Mannino, R. Knoche, K. T. Lesko, C. Lee, J. Balajthy, C. H. Faham, J.R. Verbus, R.G. Jacobsen, C. Ghag, L. de Viveiros, D. Q. Huang, B. N. Edwards, Michael S. Witherell, D. M. Mei, D. Byram, D.C. Malling, C. Nehrkorn, Sidney Cahn, Matthew Szydagis, D. R. Tiedt, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Technology, Large Underground Xenon experiment, WIMP, Dark matter, chemistry.chemical_element, Atomic, Physics, Particles & Fields, Nuclear physics, Particle and Plasma Physics, Recoil, Xenon, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle And Plasma Physics, DETECTORS, Nuclear, Nuclear Science & Technology, Instrumentation, Instruments & Instrumentation, Spectroscopy, Physics, Scintillation, Time projection chamber, Science & Technology, Scattering, RUN, Molecular, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Other Physical Sciences, chemistry, Physical Sciences, Liquid xenon, Astronomical and Space Sciences
Abstract: © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. The LUX (Large Underground Xenon) experiment aims at the direct detection of dark matter particles via their collisions with xenon nuclei. The 370 kg two-phase liquid xenon time projection chamber measures simultaneously the scintillation and ionization from interactions in the target. The ratio of these two signals provides very good discrimination between potential nuclear recoil and electronic recoil signals to search for WIMP-nucleon scattering. The LUX detector operates at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (Lead, South Dakota, USA) since February 2013. First results were presented in late 2013 setting the world's most stringent limits on WIMP-nucleon scattering cross-sections over a wide range of WIMP masses. A 300 day run beginning in 2014 will further improve the sensitivity and new calibration techniques will reduce systematics for the WIMP signal search.
Published: 2014

25. Particle production at the AGS: an excitation function

Author: J.C. Dunlop, L. Ahle, Y. Akiba, K. Ashktorab, M.D. Baker, D. Beavis, H.C. Britt, J. Chang, C. Chasman, Z. Chen, Y.Y. Chu, T. Chujo, V. Cianciolo, B.A. Cole, H.J. Crawford, J.B. Cumming, R. Debbe, W. Eldredge, J. Engelage, S.-Y. Fung, E. Garcia, S. Gushue, H. Hamagaki, L. Hansen, R.S. Hayano, G. Heintzelman, E. Judd, J. Kang, E.-J. Kim, A. Kumagai, K. Kurita, J.-H. Lee, J. Luke, Y. Miake, A. Mignerey, B. Moskowitz, M. Moulson, C. Muentz, S. Nagamiya, K. Nagano, M.N. Namboodiri, C.A. Ogilvie, J. Olness, K. Oyama, L.P. Remsberg, H. Sako, T.C. Sangster, R. Seto, J. Shea, K. Shigaki, R. Soltz, S.G. Steadman, G.S.F. Stephans, T. Tamagawa, M.J. Tannenbaum, J.H. Thomas, S. Ueno-Hayashi, F. Videbæk, F. Wang, Y. Wu, H. Xiang, G.H. Xu, K. Yagi, H. Yao, W.A. Zajc, F. Zhu, B. Back, R.R. Betts, W.C. Chang, C.Y. Chi, S.Y. Fung, R. Ganz, A. Gillitzer, W.F. Henning, D.J. Hofman, B. Holzman, J.H. Kang, E.J. Kim, S.Y. Kim, Y. Kwon, D. McLeod, A.C. Mignerey, V. Nanal, R. Pak, A. Ruangma, D. Russ, P.J. Stanskas, H.Q. Wang, F.L.H. Wolfs, A.H. Wuosmaa, and C.M. Zou
Subjects: Physics, Excitation function, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Differential invariant, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Multiplicity (chemistry), Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Collision, Kinetic energy, Beam energy
Abstract: Experiments E866 and E917 at the AGS have measured the differential invariant yields of positive and negative charged kaons from Au+Au collisions at beam kinetic energies in the laboratory of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10.8 A·GeV. At each beam energy, a multiplicity array is used to select on the centrality of the collision.
Published: 1999

26. Results from experiment E917 for Au + Au collisions at the AGS

Author: G. Heintzelman, Youngil Kwon, W. F. Henning, D. McLeod, J. C. Dunlop, Burt Holzman, H. Xiang, E.-J. Kim, G. H. Xu, A. H. Wuosmaa, C. Y. Chi, D. Russ, B. B. Back, M. Moulson, S. Y. Fung, George Stephans, Russell Richard Betts, W. Eldredge, D. J. Hofman, A. Gillitzer, E. Garcia, J. B. Cumming, H. B. Yao, R. Seto, F.L.H. Wolfs, C. A. Ogilvie, R. Ganz, Alice Mignerey, P. J. Stanskas, V. Nanal, H. Wang, Y. Y. Chu, R. Pak, W. C. Chang, Ju Hwan Kang, A. Ruangma, C. M. Zou, S. Y. Kim, and J. Chang
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, Strangeness, Lambda baryon, Baryon, Nuclear physics, Antiproton, Antimatter, Stopping power (particle radiation), Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon
Abstract: The effects of baryon stopping and its resulting energy deposition on the dynamics of Au + Au collisions at 6, 8 and 10.8 GeV/nucleon are explored with recent results from the AGS experiment E917. Current analyses of stopping, collective flow signals and HBT parameters are presented. Strangeness and anti-baryon production is examined using the yields of anti-lambdas and anti-protons.
Published: 1999

27. An excitation function at the AGS: E917 — Probing the dynamics of heavy ion collisions

Author: Russell Richard Betts, W. Eldredge, J. Chang, Ju Hwan Kang, A. H. Wuosmaa, H. B. Yao, Youngil Kwon, J. B. Cumming, P. J. Stanskas, A. Ruangma, J. C. Dunlop, C. M. Zou, S. Y. Kim, B. B. Back, F.L.H. Wolfs, M. Moulson, H. C. Britt, V. Nanal, C. Y. Chi, R. Seto, E.-J. Kim, R. Pak, W. C. Chang, D. Russ, S. Y. Fung, H. Wang, D. J. Hofman, D. McLeod, C. A. Ogilvie, Y. Y. Chu, Burt Holzman, H. Xiang, G. Heintzelman, W. Henning, George Stephans, A. Gillitzer, E. J. Garcia-Solis, R. Ganz, G. H. Xu, and Alice Mignerey
Subjects: Physics, Excitation function, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, SIMPLE (dark matter experiment), Pion, Nuclear Theory, Dynamics (mechanics), Particle, Heavy ion, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Beam energy, Spectral line
Abstract: Particle yields and spectra for kaons, pions and protons have been measured as a function of beam energy in Au Au collisions at the AGS. The energy dependence of the yields indicates that increased beam energy leads primarily to an increase in particle production with a slight increase in transverse momentum. The measured 〈 m T 〉 distributions have been fit to a simple model which assumes a thermal distribution with an additional term proportional to the particle mass. This additional term can be attributed to collective expansion.
Published: 1998

28. A solenoidal spectrometer for positron-electron pairs produced in heavy-ion collisions

Author: I. Ahmad, Sam.M. Austin, B.B. Back, R.R. Betts, F.P. Calaprice, K.C. Chan, A. Chishti, P. Chowdhury, C. Conner, R.W. Dunford, J.D. Fox, S.J. Freedman, M. Freer, S.B. Gazes, J.S. Greenberg, J.P. Greene, A.L. Hallin, Th. Happ, D. Henderson, N.I. Kaloskamis, E. Kashy, W. Kutschera, J. Last, C.J. Lister, M. Liu, M.R. Maier, D.M. Mercer, D. Mikolas, P.A.A. Perera, M.D. Rhein, D.E. Roa, J.P. Schiffer, T.A. Trainor, P. Wilt, J.S. Winfield, M. Wolanski, F.L.H. Wolfs, A.H. Wuosmaa, G. Xu, A.R. Young, and J.E. Yurkon
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Electron pair, Spectrometer, Solenoidal vector field, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Solenoid, Electron, Nuclear physics, Positron, Annihilation radiation, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Atomic physics, Instrumentation, Lepton
Abstract: A new solenoidal spectrometer, designed to study the production mechanism of electrons and positrons in heavy-ion collisions, has been constructed at Argonne National Laboratory. The spectrometer uses a 300 G magnetic field to transport the leptons to two highly segmented silicon arrays that are centered on the solenoid axis, 1.2 m from the target. Positrons are identified by detecting their annihilation radiation with two arrays of position sensitive NaI(Tl) crystals that surround the silicon arrays. A novel design feature of the spectrometer is the ability to measure the angles of emission of the leptons relative to the solenoid axis. The measured response of the apparatus to electrons and positrons is in very good agreement with the calculated response obtained from Monte Carlo simulations.
Published: 1996

29. Elastic scattering and quasielastic transfer forS32+96,100Mo atElab=180 MeV

Author: David H. Mathews, D.C. Bryan, C.G. Freeman, F.L.H. Wolfs, D.M. Herrick, Martin T. Zanni, P.A.A. Perera, and K.L. Kurz
Subjects: Diffraction, Physics, Elastic scattering, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Transfer (group theory), Binding energy, Coulomb barrier, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon, Quantum, Exponential function
Abstract: Cross sections for elastic scattering and quasielastic transfer have been measured for {sup 32}S+{sup 96,100}Mo at {ital E}{sub lab}=180 MeV ({similar_to}60% above the Coulomb barrier). The transfer yields are dominated by the ({sup 32}S, {sup 33}S) and ({sup 32}S, {sup 31}P) reactions which account for about 50% of the total quasielastic transfer strength. The transfer probabilities show an exponential decrease with increasing distance of closest approach. The measured decay constants are smaller than the binding-energy derived decay constants. The observed enhancements of the transfer probabilities for the simplest single-step transfer reactions (involving the transfer of up to two nucleons) can be understood quantitatively in terms of quantum diffraction.
Published: 1995

30. New focal plane detector system for the rochester recoil mass spectrometer

Author: C.G. Freeman, F.L.H. Wolfs, P.A.A. Perera, K.L. Kurz, David H. Mathews, D.C. Bryan, D.M. Herrick, and Martin T. Zanni
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Full width at half maximum, Recoil, Ionization, Resolution (electron density), Atomic physics, Mass spectrometry, Instrumentation, Effective nuclear charge, Anode, Ion
Abstract: A focal plane detector system has been developed for the Rochester Recoil Mass Spectrometer. It consists of a parallel grid avalanche counter (PGAC) backed by an ionization counter (IC). The PGAC is used to obtain the horizontal and vertical position of the incident particles and also to provide a fast timing signal. The PGAC has an active area of 5.1 cm x 5.1 cm. The IC consists of three charge collecting anodes (2.0 cm, 6.2 cm, 21.6 cm long) and provides nuclear charge identification and a total energy measurement. Both the PGAC and the IC are filled with isobutane as the counter gas. The intrinsic position resolution of the PGAC was determined to be 0.9 mm (FWHM). The IC is able to resolve neighboring nuclear charges for light ions with energies as low as 0.7 MeV/u. The nuclear charge resolution of the IC for heavy ions with IC energies below 0.7 MeV/u was found to be 1.3 e (FWHM).
Published: 1995

31. Positron production in heavy ion collisions: Current status of the problem

Author: I. Ahmad, S.M. Austin, B.B. Back, D. Bazin, R.R. Betts, F.P. Calaprice, K.C. Chan, A. Chishti, P. Chowdhury, R.W. Dunford, J.D. Fox, S.J. Freedman, M. Freer, S.B. Gazes, J.S. Greenberg, A.L. Hallin, T. Happ, J. Last, N. Kaloskamis, E. Kashy, W. Kutschera, C.J. Lister, M. Liu, M.R. Maier, D. Mercer, A. Perera, M.D. Rhein, D.E. Roa, J.P. Schiffer, T. Trainor, P. Wilt, J.S. Winfield, M. Wolanski, F.L.H. Wolfs, A.H. Wuosmaa, G. Xu, A. Young, and J.E. Yurkon
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Electron pair, Positron, Heavy ion, Kinematics, Current (fluid), Nuclear Experiment, Spectral line, Line (formation), Ion
Abstract: Narrow peaks have been observed at GSI Darmstadt in the energy spectra of positrons and sum-energy spectra of positron-electron pairs, produced in collisions of very heavy ions. To date, there is no satisfactory explanation of the origin of these lines although many differing models have been proposed. In this contribution, the authors describe the features of a new experiment aimed at the study of the line phenomenon and present the results of their first experiments. The specific goals of their experiment are to clarify the experimental situation regarding the lines through high-resolution, high-statistics data and, by direct measurement of the vector momenta of the peak pairs, to determine their kinematics.
Published: 1995

32. Charged hadron transverse momentum distributions in Au+Au collisions at √SNN = 200 GeV

Author: R. Pak, Pankaj Sarin, A. Iordanova, C.M. Kuo, A. Sukhanov, K. Gulbrandsen, S. Gushue, Willis Lin, J. Katzy, M. Ballintijn, Alice Mignerey, F.L.H. Wolfs, Russell Richard Betts, G. A. Heintzelman, Conor Henderson, M. P. Decowski, N. George, Wit Busza, J. Hamblen, R. Bindel, J. Michałowski, M. Reuter, W. Skulski, P. Kulinich, S. Manly, R. Teng, Burt Holzman, P. Sawicki, W. Kucewicz, R. S. Hollis, Gunther Roland, C. Halliwell, Peter A. Steinberg, B. K. Wosiek, B.F. Wadsworth, Rachid Nouicer, E. García, S. G. Steadman, J. L. Kane, A. Trzupek, G. Van Nieuwenhuizen, A. H. Wuosmaa, J. Sagerer, G. S. F. Stephans, Jaw-Luen Tang, A. Budzanowski, R. Holynski, D. S. Barton, M. D. Baker, A. A. Bickley, Krzysztof Woźniak, B.B. Back, A. S. Carroll, R. Verdier, M. Stodulski, Inkyu Park, N. Khan, E. Johnson, Catherine L. Reed, Christof Roland, D. McLeod, L J Rosenberg, David Jonathan Hofman, C. Vale, Heinz Pernegger, Boleslaw Wyslouch, Andrzej Olszewski, and L. P. Remsberg
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Range (particle radiation), Proton, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, Antiproton, Rapidity, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon, Scaling
Abstract: at √ s NN = 200 GeV. The spectra were measured for transverse momenta pT from 0.25 to 4.5 GeV/c in a rapidity range of 0.2 < y� < 1.4. The evolution of the spectra is studied as a function of collision centrality, from 65 to 344 participating nucleons. The results are compared to data from proton- antiproton collisions and Au+Au collisions at lower RHIC energies. We find a significant change of the spectral shape between proton-antiproton and peripheral Au+Au collisions. Comparing peripheral to central Au+Au collisions, we find that the yields at high pT exhibit approximate scaling with the number of participating nucleons, rather than scaling with the number of binary collisions.
Published: 2003

33. Data acquisition and readout system for the LUX dark matter experiment

Author: Robert Svoboda, Steven Dazeley, B. Holbrook, T. Classen, F.L.H. Wolfs, M. Pangilinan, M. Sweany, W. Skulski, M. Hanhardt, R. L. Lander, D. Carr, H. N. Nelson, M. Woods, Ethan Bernard, C.H. Faham, R. C. Webb, L. de Viveiros, D.C. Malling, N. Walsh, P. Sorensen, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, J. T. White, M. Morii, Kareem Kazkaz, Mani Tripathi, T.M. Stiegler, A. Curioni, S. Bedikian, J.R. Verbus, Daniel McKinsey, A. Lyashenko, T. A. Shutt, D. S. Akerib, A. W. Bradley, Sidney Cahn, K. T. Lesko, N. A. Larsen, C. Lee, C. R. Hall, M. Ihm, S. Fiorucci, P. Phelps, T. Coffey, Adam Bernstein, M. Wlasenko, J.J. Chapman, X. Bai, J. Spaans, J. Mock, Matthew Szydagis, E. Druszkiewicz, R. L. Mannino, K.R. Gibson, R. G. Jacobsen, M. R. Dragowsky, Chao Zhang, David Leonard, Dongming Mei, James Nikkel, R. J. Gaitskell, J. Thomson, K. Clark, and L. Kastens
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Analog-to-digital converter, FOS: Physical sciences, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Atomic, Particle detector, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Optics, Data acquisition, Particle and Plasma Physics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Dark matter detectors, Research Groups and Centres\Physics\Low Temperature Physics, Time projection chamber, Analogue electronics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Firmware, business.industry, Faculty of Science\Physics, Detector, Molecular, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Other Physical Sciences, Liquid xenon, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, computer, Astronomical and Space Sciences, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: LUX is a two-phase (liquid/gas) xenon time projection chamber designed to detect nuclear recoils from interactions with dark matter particles. Signals from the LUX detector are processed by custom-built analog electronics which provide properly shaped signals for the trigger and data acquisition (DAQ) systems. The DAQ is composed of commercial digitizers with firmware customized for the LUX experiment. Data acquisition systems in rare-event searches must accommodate high rate and large dynamic range during precision calibrations involving radioactive sources, while also delivering low threshold for maximum sensitivity. The LUX DAQ meets these challenges using real-time baseline suppression that allows for a maximum event acquisition rate in excess of 1.5 kHz with virtually no deadtime. This paper describes the LUX DAQ and the novel acquisition techniques employed in the LUX experiment. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2012
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34. The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) Experiment

Author: Mani Tripathi, E. K. Pease, C. Silva, M. Pangilinan, T. A. Shutt, P.D. Parker, V. N. Solovov, Robert Svoboda, K. Clark, Murdock Gilchriese, David Leonard, Daniel McKinsey, K. Kazkaz, E. Druszkiewicz, C.H. Faham, D. Byram, D. White, J. Thomson, T.M. Stiegler, A. W. Bradley, R. J. Gaitskell, A. Lindote, A. Rodionov, C. Chiller, Alexander Bolozdynya, M. Hanhardt, S. Fiorucci, D. Stolp, Z. Marquez, B. Holbrook, R. G. Jacobsen, E. Dahl, A. Bernstein, A. Dobi, J.R. Verbus, D. Carr, M. Moongweluwan, P. Sorensen, D. S. Akerib, M. Morii, J.J. Chapman, C. R. Hall, K.R. Gibson, F.L.H. Wolfs, N. Walsh, C. Sofka, D.C. Malling, Ethan Bernard, J. Spaans, R. C. Webb, A. Curioni, M. Sweany, L. de Viveiros, Dongming Mei, L. Kastens, Matthew Szydagis, M. Ihm, S. Uvarov, J. Kwong, D. J. Taylor, M.I. Lopes, R. Knoche, W. Skulski, S. Dazeley, Sidney Cahn, R. L. Mannino, A. A. Chiller, R. L. Lander, James Nikkel, T. Coffey, B. N. Edwards, T. Classen, C. Camp, S. Bedikian, K. Pech, S. Kyre, J. T. White, F. Neves, P. Roberts, M. Woods, Alexander Shei, H. N. Nelson, Chao Zhang, M. C. Carmona-Benitez, T. J. Whitis, A. Lyashenko, P. Phelps, M. Wlasenko, X. Bai, J. Mock, E. M. Dragowsky, K. T. Lesko, N. A. Larsen, and C. Lee
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Large Underground Xenon experiment, Dark matter, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Atomic, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Particle detector, Particle identification, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Particle and Plasma Physics, Xenon, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear, 010306 general physics, physics.ins-det, Instrumentation, Physics, Dark matter detectors, Time projection chamber, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Molecular, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear & Particles Physics, Other Physical Sciences, chemistry, Weakly interacting massive particles, Liquid xenon, Astronomical and Space Sciences
Abstract: The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) collaboration has designed and constructed a dual-phase xenon detector, in order to conduct a search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles(WIMPs), a leading dark matter candidate. The goal of the LUX detector is to clearly detect (or exclude) WIMPS with a spin independent cross section per nucleon of $2\times 10^{-46}$ cm$^{2}$, equivalent to $\sim$1 event/100 kg/month in the inner 100-kg fiducial volume (FV) of the 370-kg detector. The overall background goals are set to have $, Comment: 50 pages, 16 figures
Published: 2012

35. A large solid-angle array for heavy ions from APEX

Author: E. Kashy, Sam M. Austin, D. Bazin, D.J. Mercer, S. J. Gaff, M. Liu, R. R. Betts, D. Kataria, F.L.H. Wolfs, D. Mikolas, D.J. Henderson, A. L. Hallin, J. S. Winfield, and J. Yurkon
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, business.industry, Detector, Solid angle, Ranging, Span (engineering), Cathode, law.invention, Ion, Positron, Optics, law, Sensitivity (control systems), Atomic physics, business, Instrumentation
Abstract: A large solid-angle array of Low Pressure Multi-Wire Proportional Counters (LPMWPCs) has been constructed as part of the ATLAS Positron Experiment (APEX). Eight three-element trapezoidal counters span 360° in φ and 20–68° in laboratory θ. Angle sensitivity in θ is provided by a transmission-line delay cathode, while the 24-fold segmentation provides angle sensitivity in φ. Details are given on the design of the counters and associated hardware. Performance of the counters is described, based on tests with scattered heavy ions ranging from 58Ni to 238U.
Published: 1994

36. Breakup of 87 MeVB11

Author: Martin T. Zanni, D.M. Herrick, C.G. Freeman, F.L.H. Wolfs, David H. Mathews, P.A.A. Perera, K.L. Kurz, D.C. Bryan, and C.A. White
Subjects: Nuclear reaction, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Nuclear Theory, Coulomb excitation, Breakup, Nuclear physics, Helium-4, Excited state, Alpha decay, Atomic physics, Born approximation, Nuclear Experiment, Isotopes of helium
Abstract: A segmented focal plane detector has been used to study the breakup of 87 MeV $^{11}\mathrm{B}$ ions incident on a $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ target into $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ and $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ fragments at relative energies between 0 and 4 MeV. The relative energy spectra are dominated by sequential breakup of the 9.28 MeV, 10.26+10.33 MeV, and 10.60 MeV excited states in $^{11}\mathrm{B}$. The measured breakup yields decrease with increasing center-of-mass scattering angle, consistent with predictions made using single-step inelastic distorted wave Born approximation calculations. Applications of this technique to study the breakup of $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ at low relative energies will be discussed.
Published: 1994

37. The sixteen-channel APEX constant fraction discriminator

Author: F.L.H. Wolfs, P.A.A. Perera, M.R. Maier, and M. Robertson
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, business.industry, Constant fraction discriminator, Integrated circuit, Converters, Computational fluid dynamics, Physics::Classical Physics, law.invention, law, Electronic engineering, Calibration, Constant (mathematics), business, Instrumentation, Communication channel, Computer Automated Measurement and Control
Abstract: A sixteen-channel constant fraction discriminator (CFD) has been constructed for the ATLAS Positron EXperiment (APEX). An integrated circuit, recently introduced commercially, contains all the electronic building blocks required to construct a CFD and makes it possible to fit sixteen CFD channels into a single-width CAMAC module. An important new feature is the time-to-charge converter that is part of each CFD channel. Its calibration constant is controlled via CAMAC. The time-to-charge converter allows the use of low-cost charge-sensitive analog-to-digital converters for timing measurements.
Published: 1994

38. Charged-particle multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions measured with the PHOBOS detector inAu+Au,Cu+Cu,d+Au, andp+pcollisions at ultrarelativistic energies

Author: Pankaj Sarin, S. G. Steadman, Chia-Ming Kuo, I. Sedykh, A. Budzanowski, M. Ballintijn, J. Michałowski, Alice Mignerey, R. Bindel, Z. Chai, J. Hamblen, C. Halliwell, J. Kotuła, P. Steinberg, B.F. Wadsworth, W. Skulski, Burt Holzman, C. E. Smith, G. Van Nieuwenhuizen, E. García, V. Chetluru, R. Holynski, N. Khan, T. Gburek, P. Kulinich, Edward Allen Wenger, B.B. Back, D. McLeod, L.J. Rosenberg, S. S. Vaurynovich, R. Pak, Inkyu Park, P. Walters, Christof Roland, N. George, W. Kucewicz, A. H. Wuosmaa, R. S. Hollis, M. Reuter, M. D. Baker, Russell Richard Betts, Conor Henderson, P. Sawicki, A. S. Carroll, R. Verdier, A. Sukhanov, S. Gushue, Gunther Roland, M. Stodulski, Willis Lin, Wei Li, Wit Busza, David Jonathan Hofman, Rachid Nouicer, Adam Trzupek, G. A. Heintzelman, J. L. Kane, S. Manly, J. Sagerer, G. S. F. Stephans, K. Gulbrandsen, C. Vale, Heinz Pernegger, C. Loizides, D. S. Barton, Marguerite Tonjes, A. A. Bickley, Boleslaw Wyslouch, C. Reed, J. Katzy, F.L.H. Wolfs, L. P. Remsberg, M. P. Decowski, Barbara Wosiek, Gabor Istvan Veres, B. Alver, E. Johnson, K. Woźniak, A. Iordanova, and Andrzej Olszewski
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hadron, Elementary particle, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Charged particle, Nuclear physics, Baryon, Pseudorapidity, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Multiplicity (chemistry), Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, Nucleon
Abstract: Pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles emitted in Au+Au, Cu+Cu, d+Au, and p+p collisions over a wide energy range have been measured using the PHOBOS detector at the BNL Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC). The centrality dependence of both the charged particle distributions and the multiplicity at midrapidity were measured. Pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles emitted with |{eta}
Published: 2011

39. FERA readout system for APEX

Author: S. B. Gazes, P.A.A. Perera, and F.L.H. Wolfs
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Synchronization, Data acquisition, Electronics, business, Instrumentation, Energy (signal processing), Computer hardware, Computer Automated Measurement and Control, Data compression
Abstract: A data acquisition system is described for processing energy and timing signals from large arrays of solid-state detectors and photomultiplier tubes. Signals are digitized using Fast Encoding and Readout ADCs (FERAs), and then downloaded to Data Stacks for subsequent readout via CAMAC. The acquisition electronics uses additional ECL modules to make logical decisions about data compression and synchronization. Three modes of readout are available, providing varying degrees of event compression. The system is characterized by a very short readout period, as well as the ease with which readout mode can be reconfigured. This FERA readout system is currently being used in the ATLAS Positron EXperiment (APEX) at Argonne National Laboratory.
Published: 1993

40. Neutron transfer reactions at large distances

Author: K. E. Rehm, A. H. Wuosmaa, B. G. Glagola, F.L.H. Wolfs, and W. Kutschera
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Baryon, Physics, Nuclear reaction, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Scattering, Hadron, Neutron, Elementary particle, Fermion, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon
Abstract: [sup 58]Ni-induced one- and two-neutron transfer reactions have been measured on [sup 232]Th at [ital E][sub lab]=500 MeV. The transfer probabilities at large internuclear distances measured for the deformed [sup 232]Th target are compared with similar data on spherical [sup 208]Pb. For one-neutron transfer reactions good agreement between experiment and the prediction from the tunneling model is observed in both cases. The transfer probabilities for two-neutron transfer reactions deviate from the semiclassical predictions. The disagreement increases at higher bombarding energies. These deviations can be explained by the influence of diffractive effects which become more important at higher bombarding energies.
Published: 1993

41. Segmented focal plane detector for light and heavy ions

Author: D.C. Bryan, F.L.H. Wolfs, C.A. White, P.A.A. Perera, K.L. Kurz, and D.M. Herrick
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Resolution (electron density), Detector, Scintillator, Effective nuclear charge, Particle identification, Anode, Ion, Optics, business, Instrumentation, Spectrograph
Abstract: A segmented focal plane detector for an Enge split-pole spectrograph has been developed for the study of breakup reactions at very low relative energies. It consists of a 61 cm long segmented position-sensitive parallel plate avalanche counter backed by a large Bragg curve detector. A segmented plastic scintillator is mounted behind the anode of the Bragg curve detector and is used for particle identification of low-ionizing particles. The dead space between the two sections of the focal plane detector is 2.5 mm. The intrinsic position resolution of the detector is 1 mm. The intrinsic energy resolution depends on the energy of the incident ion and can be as good as 0.55%. The nuclear charge and mass resolutions are 0.3 e and 0.3 u, respectively.
Published: 1992

42. Elastic scattering and quasielastic transfer in the systemSe76,82+192,198Pt

Author: F.L.H. Wolfs, K. E. Rehm, T. F. Wang, J. P. Schiffer, and W. C. Ma
Subjects: Physics, Elastic scattering, Nuclear reaction, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cross section (physics), Scattering, Hadron, Neutron, Elementary particle, Atomic physics, Nucleon
Abstract: Elastic scattering and quasielastic transfer yields have been measured for {sup 76,82}Se+{sup 192,198}Pt using {sup 76}Se and {sup 82}Se beams with laboratory energies of 487.7 and 499.0 MeV, respectively. The variation of the one-neutron transfer yields as function of projectile and target mass can be understood on the basis of {ital Q} matching. Quasielastic transfer contributes at most 30% to the total reaction cross section with the remainder probably accounted for by deep-inelastic scattering.
Published: 1992

43. Nuclear spectroscopy with Si PIN diode detectors at room temperature

Author: A. H. Wuosmaa, R. R. Betts, F.L.H. Wolfs, D.J. Henderson, T. Happ, and I. Ahmad
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, business.industry, PIN diode, Semiconductor device, Electron spectroscopy, Particle detector, law.invention, Semiconductor detector, Nuclear physics, Full width at half maximum, law, Optoelectronics, business, Instrumentation, Leakage (electronics), Diode
Abstract: The characteristics of PIN diodes have been determined. These diodes have lower leakage currents and noise than other types of Si radiation detectors. The energy resolutions (FWHM) of a 1 cm2 × 0.5 mm PIN diode measured with a pulser, 122.0 keV gamma-rays, 193 keV electrons and 5.5 MeV alpha-particles were 2.6, 2.8, 2.9 and 11.0 keV, respectively. For a 6 mm × 6 mm × 0.2 mm PIN diode, the resolutions (FWHM) for a pulser, 60 keV γ-rays, 193 keV electrons and 5.5-Mev α-particles were 2.1, 2.2, 2.4 and 10.8 keV, respectively.
Published: 1990

44. First limits on WIMP nuclear recoil signals in ZEPLIN-II: A two-phase xenon detector for dark matter detection

Author: N. J. C. Spooner, E. Tziaferi, I. Liubarsky, T. B. Lawson, G.G. Nicklin, M. J. Carson, W. Ooi, Peter Majewski, C. Bungau, P. K. Lightfoot, W. G. Jones, P.F. Smith, Rodney Walker, J.D. Lewin, V. Chepel, J. E. McMillan, R. J. Cashmore, T. Gamble, J. Pinto da Cunha, Max Robinson, T. J. Sumner, David B. Cline, G. Salinas, M. K. Joshi, S.J.S. Plank, A. Bewick, J. Gao, S. M. Paling, A. St. J. Murphy, Daniel Tovey, M.I. Lopes, A. Lindote, E.V. Korolkova, H. Chagani, A. S. Howard, C. Silva, G. J. Alner, F. Neves, B. Morgan, V. N. Solovov, V. A. Kudryavtsev, E. J. Daw, Hongwei Wang, D. Muna, R. Lüscher, J.C. Davies, C. Thorne, V. N. Lebedenko, K. Mavrokoridis, C. Ghag, N. J. T. Smith, R. M. Preece, D. C. R. Davidge, B. N. Edwards, T. Durkin, J. T. White, F.L.H. Wolfs, J. V. Dawson, J. J. Quenby, B. Camanzi, Henrique Araujo, F. Sergiampietri, APC - Neutrinos, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Dark matter, Population, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Radon, Q1, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Particle detector, Nuclear physics, Recoil, Xenon, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Neutron, 010306 general physics, 10. No inequality, education, QC, Physics, education.field_of_study, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics (astro-ph), ZEPLIN-II, LIQUID XENON, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Radiation detectors, WIMPs, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], chemistry, Tracking and position-sensitive detectors, Supersymmetric partners of known particles, Neutron source, Scintillation detectors, Radiation Detectors, Liquid xenon
Abstract: Results are presented from the first underground data run of ZEPLIN-II, a 31 kg two phase xenon detector developed to observe nuclear recoils from hypothetical weakly interacting massive dark matter particles. Discrimination between nuclear recoils and background electron recoils is afforded by recording both the scintillation and ionisation signals generated within the liquid xenon, with the ratio of these signals being different for the two classes of event. This ratio is calibrated for different incident species using an AmBe neutron source and Co-60 gamma-ray sources. From our first 31 live days of running ZEPLIN-II, the total exposure following the application of fiducial and stability cuts was 225 kgxdays. A background population of radon progeny events was observed in this run, arising from radon emission in the gas purification getters, due to radon daughter ion decays on the surfaces of the walls of the chamber. An acceptance window, defined by the neutron calibration data, of 50% nuclear recoil acceptance between 5 keVee and 20 keVee, had an observed count of 29 events, with a summed expectation of 28.6+/-4.3 gamma-ray and radon progeny induced background events. These figures provide a 90% c.l. upper limit to the number of nuclear recoils of 10.4 events in this acceptance window, which converts to a WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross-section with a minimum of 6.6x10^-7 pb following the inclusion of an energy dependent, calibrated, efficiency. A second run is currently underway in which the radon progeny will be eliminated, thereby removing the background population, with a projected sensitivity of 2x10^-7 pb for similar exposures as the first run., Comment: 38 Pages, 16 Figures, (v2: corrected table 2 description)
Published: 2007

45. R & D for Future Zeplin

Author: X. Yang, W. Skulski, P. F. Smith, T. Ferbel, N. J. C. Spooner, F. Sergiampietri, W. Ooi, R. Bisset, J. Seifert, H. Chagani, U. Schroeder, E. J. Daw, G. Salinas, P. K. Lightfoot, F.L.H. Wolfs, J. Miller, James A. Maxin, J. Gao, Hongwei Wang, Matthew R. Robinson, M. J. Carson, D. Cline, V. A. Kudryavtsev, J. T. White, Y. S. Gao, P. Majewski, and Jan Toke
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Scintillation, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, Detector, Astrophysics (astro-ph), chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Photoelectric effect, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Photocathode, Xenon, Optics, chemistry, Electromagnetic shielding, SPHERES, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business
Abstract: We propose a new concept for a very low background multi-ton liquid xenon Dark Matter experiment. The detector consists of two concentric spheres and a charge readout device in the centre. Xenon between the two spheres forms a self-shield and veto device. The inner surface of the central sphere is coated with CsI to form an internal photocathode with minimum of 2\pi coverage for any event in the active volume. Photoelectrons from the CsI photocathode drift toward the charge readout micro-structure in the centre of the detector. Both scintillation and ionisation are measured simultaneously for background rejection and 3-D event mapping. In addition to external shielding, the low background is achieved by eliminating PMTs and by using low radioactivity pure materials throughout the detector. We present detailed calculations of the charge readout system and design details. The detector is expected to probe the full SUSY parameter space., Comment: to appear in Proc. 7th UCLA Symposium on Sources and Detection of Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Universe, 22-24 February, Marina del Rey, USA; Nucl. Phys. B Proc. Suppl., in press; 4 pages, 3 figues
Published: 2007
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46. The PHOBOS Perspective on Discoveries at RHIC

Author: S. S. Vaurynovich, Barbara Wosiek, E. García, A. S. Harrington, C. Halliwell, A. Iordanova, P. Kulinich, W. Kucewicz, D. McLeod, Chia-Ming Kuo, C. E. Smith, S. Gushue, R. Holynski, N. George, Z. Chai, M. Ballintijn, W. Skulski, Bruce Becker, L. P. Remsberg, G. A. Heintzelman, David Jonathan Hofman, Andrzej Olszewski, R. Pak, T. Gburek, Russell Richard Betts, Conor Henderson, J.W. Lee, Krzysztof Woźniak, J. Hamblen, M. Reuter, R. S. Hollis, K. Gulbrandsen, C. Vale, Heinz Pernegger, Gabor Istvan Veres, Peter Steinberg, M. D. Baker, J. Sagerer, G. S. F. Stephans, Burt Holzman, Edward Allen Wenger, J. Katzy, Jaw-Luen Tang, Marguerite Tonjes, F.L.H. Wolfs, E. Johnson, Rachid Nouicer, Adam Trzupek, A. Sukhanov, Boleslaw Wyslouch, Pankaj Sarin, C. Reed, M. Hauer, P. Sawicki, L.J. Rosenberg, Gunther Roland, B.B. Back, M. A. Stankiewicz, Wit Busza, I. Sedykh, H. Seals, G. Van Nieuwenhuizen, A. S. Carroll, Jian Zhang, R. Verdier, Inkyu Park, J. L. Kane, S. Manly, A. H. Wuosmaa, N. Khan, Alice Mignerey, R. Bindel, A. Budzanowski, M. P. Decowski, Willis Lin, Christof Roland, D. S. Barton, and A. A. Bickley
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Particle physics, Elliptic flow, FOS: Physical sciences, Rest frame, Charged particle, Nuclear physics, Pseudorapidity, Quark–gluon plasma, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nucleon, Jet quenching, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: This paper describes the conclusions that can be drawn from the data taken thus far with the PHOBOS detector at RHIC. In the most central Au+Au collisions at the highest beam energy, evidence is found for the formation of a very high energy density system whose description in terms of simple hadronic degrees of freedom is inappropriate. Furthermore, the constituents of this novel system are found to undergo a significant level of interaction. The properties of particle production at RHIC energies are shown to follow a number of simple scaling behaviors, some of which continue trends found at lower energies or in simpler systems. As a function of centrality, the total number of charged particles scales with the number of participating nucleons. When comparing Au+Au at different centralities, the dependence of the yield on the number of participants at higher pT (~4 GeV/c) is very similar to that at low transverse momentum. The measured values of charged particle pseudorapidity density and elliptic flow were found to be independent of energy over a broad range of pseudorapidities when effectively viewed in the rest frame of one of the colliding nuclei, a property we describe as "extended longitudinal scaling''. Finally, the centrality and energy dependences of several observables were found to factorize to a surprising degree., Comment: PHOBOS White Paper on discoveries at RHIC; 93 pages, 44 figures; revised with improvements in wording, no changes to content or conclusions
Published: 2004
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47. Recent Results from PHOBOS at RHIC

Author: B.B. Back, M.D. Baker, D.S. Barton, R.R. Betts, M. Ballintijn, A.A. Bickley, R. Bindel, A. Budzanowski, W. Busza, A. Carroll, M.P. Decowski, E. García, N. George, K. Gulbrandsen, S. Gushue, C. Halliwell, J. Hamblen, G.A. Heintzelman, C. Henderson, D.J. Hofman, R.S. Hollis, R. Hołyński, B. Holzman, A. Iordanova, E. Johnson, J.L. Kane, J. Katzy, N. Khan, W. Kucewicz, P. Kulinich, C.M. Kuo, W.T. Lin, S. Manly, D. McLeod, J. Michałowski, A.C. Mignerey, R. Nouicer, A. Olszewski, R. Pak, I.C. Park, H. Pernegger, C. Reed, L.P. Remsberg, M. Reuter, C. Roland, G. Roland, L. Rosenberg, J. Sagerer, P. Sarin, P. Sawicki, W. Skulski, S.G. Steadman, P. Steinberg, G.S.F. Stephans, M. Stodulski, A. Sukhanov, J.-L. Tang, R. Teng, A. Trzupek, C. Vale, G.J. van Niewwenhuizen, R. Verdier, B. Wadsworth, F.L.H. Wolfs, B. Wosiek, K. Woźniak, A.H. Wuosmaa, and B. Wysłouch
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Elliptic flow, FOS: Physical sciences, Observable, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Charged particle, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, State of matter, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Multiplicity (chemistry), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Beam energy
Abstract: The PHOBOS experiment at RHIC has recorded measurements for Au-Au collisions spanning nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies from 19.6 GeV to 200 GeV. Global observables such as elliptic flow and charged particle multiplicity provide important constraints on model predictions that characterize the state of matter produced in these collisions. The nearly 4 pi acceptance of the PHOBOS experiment provides excellent coverage for complete flow and multiplicity measurements. Results including beam energy and centrality dependencies are presented and compared to elementary systems., 4 pages, 4 figures, proceedings from PANIC02 in Osaka, Japan
Published: 2003

48. Charged hadron transverse momentum distributions in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV

Author: R. Teng, Chia-Ming Kuo, Pankaj Sarin, A. Budzanowski, Alice Mignerey, J. Sagerer, G. S. F. Stephans, Jaw-Luen Tang, Christof Roland, R. Bindel, M. Ballintijn, Andrzej Olszewski, Krzysztof Woźniak, L. P. Remsberg, C. Halliwell, K. Gulbrandsen, S. Gushue, J.W. Lee, J. Hamblen, R. S. Hollis, N. George, J. Katzy, N. Khan, A. Sukhanov, G. A. Heintzelman, D. S. Barton, B.F. Wadsworth, W. Skulski, F.L.H. Wolfs, Gabor Istvan Veres, A. A. Bickley, Burt Holzman, Peter Steinberg, P. Sawicki, P. Kulinich, A. Iordanova, Wit Busza, E. García, E. Johnson, Gunther Roland, A. H. Wuosmaa, M. Reuter, W. Kucewicz, S. G. Steadman, Boleslaw Wyslouch, L.J. Rosenberg, M. D. Baker, R. Holynski, R. Pak, C. Reed, G. Van Nieuwenhuizen, D. McLeod, Inkyu Park, B.B. Back, Barbara Wosiek, A. S. Carroll, R. Verdier, David Jonathan Hofman, M. P. Decowski, C. Vale, Heinz Pernegger, J. L. Kane, S. Manly, Rachid Nouicer, Adam Trzupek, Willis Lin, Russell Richard Betts, and Conor Henderson
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, Binary number, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Spectral line, Transverse plane, Pseudorapidity, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Nuclear Experiment, Scaling
Abstract: We present transverse momentum distributions of charged hadrons produced in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV. The spectra were measured for transverse momenta p_T from 0.25 to 4.5 GeV/c in a rapidity range of 0.2 < y_pi < 1.4. The evolution of the spectra is studied as a function of collision centrality, from 65 to 344 participating nucleons. The results are compared to data from proton-antiproton collisions and Au+Au collisions at lower RHIC energies. We find a significant change of the spectral shape between proton-antiproton and peripheral Au+Au collisions. Comparing peripheral to central Au+Au collisions, we find that the yields at high p_T exhibit approximate scaling with the number of participating nucleons, rather than scaling with the number of binary collisions., 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys.Lett.B
Published: 2003

49. Evidence of Final-State Suppression of High-p_T Hadrons in Au + Au Collisions Using d + Au Measurements at RHIC

Author: B.B. Back, M.D. Baker, M. Ballintijn, D.S. Barton, B. Becker, R.R. Betts, A.A. Bickley, R. Bindel, W. Busza, A. Carroll, M.P. Decowski, E. García, T. Gburek, N. George, K. Gulbrandsen, S. Gushue, C. Halliwell, J. Hamblen, A.S. Harrington, C. Henderson, D.J. Hofman, R.S. Hollis, R. Hołyński, B. Holzman, A. Iordanova, E. Johnson, J.L. Kane, N. Khan, P. Kulinich, C.M. Kuo, J.W. Lee, W.T. Lin, S. Manly, A.C. Mignerey, R. Nouicer, A. Olszewski, R. Pak, I.C. Park, H. Pernegger, C. Reed, C. Roland, G. Roland, J. Sagerer, P. Sarin, I. Sedykh, W. Skulski, C.E. Smith, P. Steinberg, G.S.F. Stephans, A. Sukhanov, M.B. Tonjes, A. Trzupek, C. Vale, G.J. van Nieuwenhuizen, R. Verdier, G.I. Veres, F.L.H. Wolfs, B. Wosiek, K. Woźniak, B. Wysłouch, and J. Zhang
Subjects: Physics, Energy loss, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, Modification factor, State (functional analysis), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Transverse momentum, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Engineering (miscellaneous)
Abstract: Transverse momentum spectra of charged hadrons with ${p_{T} 2}$ GeV/c). In contrast, the d + Au nuclear modification factor exhibits no suppression of the high-$p_{T}$ yields. These measurements suggest a large energy loss of the high-$p_{T}$ particles in the highly interacting medium created in the central Au + Au collisions. The lack of suppression in d + Au collisions suggests that it is unlikely that initial state effects can explain the suppression in the central Au + Au collisions., Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures, International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics EPS (July 17th-23rd 2003) in Aachen, Germany
Published: 2003
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50. Universal Behavior of Charged Particle Production in Heavy Ion Collisions at RHIC Energies

Author: Peter A. Steinberg, B.B. Back, M.D. Baker, D.S. Barton, R.R. Betts, M. Ballintijn, A.A. Bickley, R. Bindel, A. Budzanowski, W. Busza, A. Carroll, M.P. Decowski, E. García, N. George, K. Gulbrandsen, S. Gushue, C. Halliwell, J. Hamblen, G.A. Heintzelman, C. Henderson, D.J. Hofman, R.S. Hollis, R. Holyłński, B. Holzman, A. Iordanova, E. Johnson, J.L. Kane, J. Katzy, N. Khan, W. Kucewicz, P. Kulinich, C.M. Kuo, W.T. Lin, S. Manly, D. McLeod, J. Michałowski, A.C. Mignerey, R. Nouicer, A. Olszewski, R. Pak, I.C. Park, H. Pernegger, C. Reed, L.P. Remsberg, M. Reuter, C. Roland, G. Roland, L. Rosenberg, J. Sagerer, P. Sarin, P. Sawicki, W. Skulski, S.G. Steadman, P. Steinberg, G.S.F. Stephans, M. Stodulski, A. Sukhanov, J.-L. Tang, R. Teng, A. Trzupek, C. Vale, G.J. van Nieuwenhuizen, R. Verdier, B. Wadsworth, F.L.H. Wolfs, B. Wosiek, K. Woźniak, A.H. Wuosmaa, and B. Wysłouch
Subjects: 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas
Published: 2003

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