64 results on '"F. W. Hill"'
Search Results
2. Local low-dose IL-2 therapy
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W, Den Otter, L, Balemans, J J, Battermann, M R, Bernsen, J A, Cadee, Z, Dobrowolski, L A, Everse, L, Fiszer-Maliszewska, R, Gavhumende, J W, De Groot, K, De Groot, W E, Hennink, F W, Hill, I, Jurgenliemp-Schulz, W R, Klein, J W, Koten, R A, Maas, P, Steerenberg, R, Stewart, and M, Zembala
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Time Factors ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Lymphoma ,Eye Neoplasms ,Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental ,Mast-Cell Sarcoma ,Injections, Intralesional ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Mice ,Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ,Mice, Inbred DBA ,Neoplasms ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Tumor Cells, Cultured ,Animals ,Humans ,Interleukin-2 ,Cattle ,Cisplatin ,Neoplasm Transplantation - Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a powerful drug for treating cancer. However, it is only powerful if it is properly applied. That is, IL-2 should be applied at the tumor site, because at the transition of normal and malignant tissue are the tumor infiltrating cells. These should be activated by IL-2. Local application implies that IL-2 can be used in relatively low doses. It is becoming clear that even a single injection of IL-2 can cure cancer. IL-2 can also enhance the therapeutic effects of irradiation and Cisplatin. Locally applied IL-2 therapy is virtually non-toxic.
- Published
- 1999
3. Optimal regimes for local IL-2 tumour therapy
- Author
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W, Den Otter, J W, De Groot, M R, Bernsen, A P, Heintz, R, Maas, G J, Hordijk, F W, Hill, W R, Klein, E J, Ruitenberg, and V P, Rutten
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Male ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Mice, Inbred C3H ,Lung Neoplasms ,Time Factors ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ,Liver Neoplasms ,Mast-Cell Sarcoma ,Drug Administration Schedule ,Rats ,Rats, Inbred ACI ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Mice ,Mice, Inbred DBA ,Animals ,Interleukin-2 ,Cattle ,Female - Abstract
In this report we present studies on optimal regimes for regional IL-2 therapy, focused on dose, schedule and site of injection. Original data obtained in 2 murine tumour models show that all 3 factors are of importance. Anti-tumour responses were most effective when IL-2 was administered regionally 5 to 10 times, at doses ranging from 7,000 to 33,000 IU/day every day or every other day. This resulted in cure rates of more than 40% in mice bearing ascitic tumour that had also disseminated to liver and lungs. The importance of these data is discussed in the light of previous results of our group. These results illustrate that the doses and schedules used in this study are not effective exclusively in these 2 tumour models but may have a more general applicability.
- Published
- 1996
4. Biochemical and haematological values in abattoir pigs with and without subclinical lesions
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M O, Makinde, A A, Majok, and F W, Hill
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Male ,Swine Diseases ,Zimbabwe ,Analysis of Variance ,Swine ,Animals ,Female ,Abattoirs - Abstract
The biochemical and haematological profiles of 379 pigs with or without various gross pathological lesions in an abattoir in Zimbabwe were studied to see whether there were any differences between the levels of haematological and biochemical values, and health status (with and without pathological lesions). On the basis of observable gross pathology, 134 pigs were classified as having one or more subclinical lesions (liver milk spot, pneumonia, pleurisy, pericarditis, abscesses and arthritis). Seventy-six of these were males and 58 females. There were observable sex differences in the mean haematological and biochemical values obtained. Erythrocyte counts showed significant differences in mean values (P0.05) among groups of pigs found with various pathological lesions. The biochemical values showed significant group differences for ALP, ALT, AST, and LDH.
- Published
- 1996
5. Ocular squamous cell carcinoma in Simmental cattle in Zimbabwe
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W, Den Otter, F W, Hill, W R, Klein, L A, Everse, E J, Ruitenberg, L T, Van der Ven, J W, Koten, P A, Steerenberg, J A, Faber, and V P, Rutten
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Male ,Zimbabwe ,Aging ,Species Specificity ,Eye Neoplasms ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Odds Ratio ,Animals ,Cattle Diseases ,Cattle ,Female - Abstract
In Zimbabwe, ocular squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was frequently observed in 5 breeding herds of Simmental cattle, a Bos taurus breed originating from Switzerland. In these herds, initial signs of OSCC were already noticeable in cattle about 3 years old. Gradually, OSCC prevalence increased, and 36 to 53% of cattle over 7 years old had 1 or more tumors. More tumors developed in Simmental cattle with periorbital white skin than in cattle with periorbital pigmented skin. Other breeds of cattle (eg, Friesian) also are partly white-faced and live in Zimbabwe in a comparable environment; yet, OSCC prevalence was lower in those breeds.
- Published
- 1995
6. Low doses of interleukin-2 can cure large bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma
- Author
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W, Den Otter, F W, Hill, W R, Klein, J W, Koten, P A, Steerenberg, P H, De Mulder, V P, Rutten, and E J, Ruitenberg
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Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Animals ,Cattle Diseases ,Interleukin-2 ,Cattle ,Female ,Injections, Intralesional ,Eyelid Neoplasms - Abstract
Four cows bearing large Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinomas (BOSCC) were treated by 10 intratumoral injections (Monday-Friday for 2 consecutive weeks) of 200,000 U Interleukin-2 (Cetus). Tumors regressed in 2 out of 4 cases. This result shows that even large tumors may regress after local IL-2 treatment.
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- 1993
7. Hereditary cancer and its clinical implications: a view
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W, Den Otter, J W, Koten, B J, Van der Vegt, F A, Beemer, O J, Boxma, P W, De Graaf, D J, Derkinderen, F W, Hill, J, Huber, and W R, Klein
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Suppression, Genetic ,Neoplasms ,Mutation ,Humans ,Oncogenes ,Genes, Dominant - Abstract
In hereditary cancers the responsible inherited cancer genes are defective (mutated) anti-oncogenes (tumour suppressor genes). This inherited mutation is present in all cells of the organism, and only leads to cancer if in a somatic cell a complete set of specific cancer mutations is accumulated. Since one defective anti-oncogene has been inherited, only three additional somatic cancer mutations are required, according to our previously published view (Anticancer Res 10:1990). The number of de novo arising tumour cells in such a person is thus multiplied by a factor equal to the reverse of the mutant frequency, that is about 10(4)-10(5). This can be observed e.g. in retinoblastoma. Mutations occur in proliferating cells only. Consequently cancer mutations also depend on cell proliferation. If an inherited cancer mutation predisposes to cancer formation in certain organs, then the cancer risk in these organs is enhanced by 10(4)-10(5) times. Tumours in these organs will appear simultaneously if the number of cells and the growth kinetics are similar. This is of course observed in paired organs, like the retina and the female breast. In cancer family syndromes different organs may be affected at the same time. Examples are type I and type II cancer family syndrome and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 2a, and 2b. The secondly diagnosed tumours are not caused by metastatic spread. Tumours in two organs will arise at difference times if the number of end cells per organ and the growth kinetics differ. In this case the second tumour is called a second primary malignancy and is not caused by metastatic spread. A good example are the second primary malignancies in hereditary retinoblastoma. The inherited defective anti-oncogene is a recessive gene. This defective inherited gene causes a 10(4)-10(5) fold increase of the normal tumour incidence. This means that nearly always one or more tumours will arise. Evidently, this pattern of inheritance has led to the erroneous conclusion that the genetic abnormality is dominant at the level of the chromosome. The 10(4)-10(5) times enhanced tumour incidence in hereditary cancer is helpful for the clinical recognition of hereditary cancer. That is, hereditary cancer can be recognized not only by family history, but also by early occurrence, the multifocal and bilateral localisation, its occurrence as cancer family syndrome or by second primary malignancies. It is thus recommended to screen patients and families with hereditary cancer for first and second primary tumours. Treatment of patients with hereditary tumours requires extra care to avoid additional cancer mutations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
- Published
- 1990
8. Studies on the Sulfur Amino Acid Requirement of the Chick
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Milton L. Scott, J. B. Anderson, L. C. Norris, R. J. Young, R. B. Bradfield, T. S. Nelson, and F. W. Hill
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Methionine ,Sulfur Amino Acids ,Cystine ,Broiler ,chemistry.chemical_element ,General Medicine ,Feed conversion ratio ,Sulfur ,Amino acid ,Maximum efficiency ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Food science - Abstract
IN A REVIEW of the amino acid requirements of the chicken, Almquist (1952) reported that the sulfur amino acid requirement appeared to be 0.8% of a diet containing 20% protein. This is the present requirement of the National Research Council (1954). Almquist also stated that the requirement for methionine and other essential amino acids increased as the protein content of the diet increased, but not to the same extent. He further noted that approximately 0.1% more methionine is required in the diet for maximum efficiency of feed utilization than is required for maximum growth. Hill (1953) reviewed the methionine and cystine requirements of the chick and concluded in agreement with Almquist (1952) that the total requirement for sulfur amino acids did not exceed 0.8% of a diet containing 20% protein. The results of three preliminary experiments reported in part by Hill (1953) showed that methionine added to practical broiler diets …
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- 1960
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9. Studies of the Energy Requirements of Chickens
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F. W. Hill
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Linear relationship ,Animal science ,Efficiency ,Feed consumption ,Production (economics) ,Animal Science and Zoology ,General Medicine ,Food science ,Body weight ,Gross efficiency ,Energy requirement ,Mathematics ,Dozen - Abstract
COMPARATIVE studies of the efficiency of utilization of rations for egg production are made difficult by the well known fact that gross efficiency, measured as feed requirement per dozen eggs produced, is markedly affected by rate of production. Because of this relationship relatively small differences in egg production rate, which may be of limited or no significance in themselves, have the effect of masking or magnifying the respective differences between rations in efficiency of feed utilization. Bird and Whitson (1946) were the first to attempt to circumvent this difficulty by comparing the observed rate of feed consumption to that predicted by the Byerly (1941) partition equation on the basis of the observed rate of production, average body weight and weight gains. From the observed and predicted rates of feed consumption, an index of relative efficiency was calculated for each ration under study. Lillie and coworkers (1952), using a similar procedure, …
- Published
- 1956
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10. Studies of the Effect of Heat Treatment on the Metabolizable Energy Value of Soybeans and Extracted Soybean Flakes for the Chick
- Author
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Ruth Renner and F. W. Hill
- Subjects
Hot Temperature ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Chemistry ,Nutritional Status ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Poultry ,Diet ,Nutrition Assessment ,Animals ,Humans ,Soybeans ,Food science ,Digestion ,Chickens - Published
- 1960
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11. The Multiple Nature of the Deficiency of Unidentified Nutrients in Crude All-Vegetable Protein Chick Starter Rations
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F. W. Hill
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Starter ,Nutrient ,Fish meal ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Composition (visual arts) ,Riboflavin ,General Medicine ,Food science ,Biology ,Cow dung ,Feed conversion ratio ,Feces - Abstract
THE necessity of adding small amounts of animal protein concentrates to chick starter rations deriving all of their protein from vegetable sources has been established by numerous investigations as reviewed by Heuser, Norris and McGinnis (1946). The properties of animal protein concentrates in promoting optimum growth and feed efficiency under such conditions are also contained in cow manure (Hammond, 1942, 1944; Rubin and Bird, 1946a, 1946b), hen feces (Rubin, Bird and Rothchild, 1946; McGinnis Stevens and Groves 1947a) and liver fractions (McGinnis, Stevens and Groves, 1947b, Nichol, Roblee, Cravens and Elvehjem, 1947). The effectiveness of small quantities of fractions of cow manure and liver is indicative that the response of chicks to animal protein supplements is not due to protein as such, but rather to a vitamin-like substance or substances carried by these materials. The experiments reported herein were a part of a series of studies of the distribution in . . .
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- 1948
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12. Effects of Thiouracil, Thyroprotein, and Estrogen upon the Basal Metabolism and Thyroid Size of Growing Chickens
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F. W. Hill and W. J. Mellen
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Thyroactive iodinated casein ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.drug_class ,Thyroid ,General Medicine ,Metabolism ,Biology ,Thiouracil ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Basal (phylogenetics) ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Estrogen ,Internal medicine ,Basal metabolic rate ,medicine ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Hormone - Abstract
ONE of the most recent and interesting fields of research in animal production is the study of the effects of drugs and hormones which influence growth and metabolism. Both in large animals and in poultry, there is intense interest in the fundamental and practical aspects of the use of synthetic estrogens, antithyroid drugs, and thyroactive iodinated casein. The research to be reported here was undertaken because there was little information in the literature concerning the effects of these drugs upon the basal energy metabolism of chickens. In this work, these three classes of drugs were represented, respectively, by dienestrol diacetate, thiouracil, and Protamone (an iodinated casein product having thyroxine activity). Thiouracil is highly goitrogenic when fed to growing chickens at a level of 0.1 or 0.2 percent of the diet, as shown by Astwood, Bissell and Hughes (1944); Mixner, Reineke and Turner (1944); Andrews and Schnetzler (1946); and others. It …
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- 1953
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13. CHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF RIBOFLAVIN
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Milton L. Scott, G. F. Heuser, L. C. Norris, and F. W. Hill
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Chemistry ,Composition (visual arts) ,Riboflavin ,Cell Biology ,Food science ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry - Published
- 1946
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14. Broiler Rations
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F. W. Hill
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Animal Science and Zoology - Published
- 1949
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15. Studies of Unidentified Vitamins Required by the Chick
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L. C. Norris, G. F. Heuser, and F. W. Hill
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Nutrition and Dietetics ,Folic acid ,Biochemistry ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Vitamin b complex ,Biology - Published
- 1944
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16. Effect of Methionine Deficiency on the Utilization of Energy by the Chick
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F. W. Hill and L. B. Carew
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Food intake ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Methionine ,chemistry ,Energy metabolism ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Food science ,Thermogenesis - Published
- 1961
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17. Application of the Chromic Oxide Indicator Method to Balance Studies with Growing Chickens
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L. M. Dansky and F. W. Hill
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Chromium ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Nutritional Sciences ,Inorganic chemistry ,Nutritional Status ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Colorimetry (chemical method) ,Excretion ,Balance (accounting) ,chemistry ,Chromium Compounds ,Environmental chemistry ,Animals ,Humans ,Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,CHROMIC OXIDE ,Chickens - Published
- 1952
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18. Studies of the Energy Requirements of Chickens
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L. M. Dansky and F. W. Hill
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Calorie ,Animal science ,Fish meal ,Agronomy ,Net energy ,Basal metabolic rate ,Energy density ,Animal Science and Zoology ,General Medicine ,Growth rate ,Energy requirement ,Mathematics ,Maximum rate - Abstract
THE energy requirement of growing chicks has been studied in two widely different ways. One method is illustrated by the studies of Mitchell, Card and Hamilton (1931) who estimated the net energy requirements for maintenance and growth from the determination of basal metabolic rate and changes in body composition. Data of this kind have been of limited usefulness because of the lack until relatively recently of net energy values for poultry feedstuffs. The other method was used by Robertson, Miller and Heuser (1948) and Panda and Combs (1950). They studied the relationship between productive (net) energy of the ration and early growth rate to determine the minimum energy level per unit weight of the ration necessary to promote the maximum rate of growth. Both of these groups concluded that the minimum productive energy level required for maximum early growth rate was approximately 800–850 Calories per pound of ration on …
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- 1954
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19. Studies of the Avian Respiratory Quotient
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W. J. Mellen and F. W. Hill
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Respiratory quotient ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Urinary nitrogen ,Endocrinology ,Calorie ,Animal science ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animal Science and Zoology ,General Medicine ,Calorimetry ,Biology ,Olive oil - Abstract
THE time-honored and still useful methods of indirect animal calorimetry are based on measurement of the respiratory exchange and urinary nitrogen excretion, followed by conversion of oxygen consumption values to Calories. This procedure involves determination of the non-protein respiratory quotient (RQ), followed by reference to the classical Zuntz-Schumberg table of heat values of oxygen at various RQ’s. In practice, the protein metabolism is often assumed to be negligible, especially under basal conditions, and the total RQ is used to estimate the heat production. Possible confounding sources of variation in RQ have been described, and the dangers inherent in an over-simplified interpretation of the RQ pointed out (Cathcart and Markowitz, 1927; Richardson, 1929; Mitchell, 1935). Nevertheless, as Mitchell (1935) has stated, accurate estimates of heat production can be obtained from measurements of the gaseous exchange, “at least within the RQ limits of 0.707 and 1.000.” Except for hibernants, normal fasted mammals …
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- 1955
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20. The comparative value of heated ground unextracted soybeans and heated dehulled soybean flakes as a source of soybean oil and energy for the chick
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F. W. Hill, Malden C. Nesheim, and L. B. Carew
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0301 basic medicine ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,food.ingredient ,Chemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,fungi ,Organic Chemistry ,food and beverages ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040401 food science ,Feed conversion ratio ,Soybean oil ,Maximum efficiency ,03 medical and health sciences ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,food ,Nutrient ,Agronomy ,Soybean hulls ,Food science ,Growth rate - Abstract
Experiments were conducted to evaluate heated unextracted soybean fractions as sources of soybean oil and protein for the growing chick. Heated dehulled unextracted soybean flakes produced growth rate and feed efficiency equal to that obtained with the combination of soybean oil meal and degummed soybean oil while heated ground unextracted soybeans were less satisfactory in this respect. The poorer results obtained with ground unextracted soybeans were shown to be related to a poorer absorbability of the oil in them. Flaking the soybeans markedly improved the absorbability of the oil by the chick, probably by causing a greater disruption of cellular structure than was obtained by the grinding of the soybeans. The metabolizable energy of ground unextracted soybeans was substantially less than that of unextracted soybean flakes. Most of the differences in metabolizable energy were accounted for by differences in absorbability of the oil. Soybean hulls at a level equivalent to that contained in soybeans were found to have no effect on growth rate and only a slight effect on feed efficiency. Autoclaving soybean oil did not lower its value for the chick. The relationship between the poorer growth obtained with ground unextracted soybeans and the low absorbability of the oil in them was discussed. To obtain maximum efficiency in the use of unextracted soybean products in chick rations, some such means as flaking must first be employed to increase the availability of the oil.
- Published
- 1961
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21. Studies of the Energy Requirements of Chickens
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L. M. Dansky, F. W. Hill, and D. L. Anderson
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Efficiency ,Animal science ,Tallow ,Production (economics) ,Animal Science and Zoology ,General Medicine ,Fiber ,Energy requirement ,Gross efficiency ,Mathematics - Abstract
STUDIES of the effects of different dietary energy levels in the nutrition of laying hens have been limited. Heuser and coworkers (1945) were among the first to show that rations low in fiber content supported a higher rate of egg production than similar rations high in fiber content. Bird and Whitson (1946) studied layer rations of high and low fiber content with respect to productive efficiency and showed that efficiency was related inversely to fiber content. They were the first to use the Byerly (1941) partition equation to calculate expected feed requirement as a basis for estimating the relative efficiency of rations. Using a similar procedure, Lillie and coworkers (1952) observed a marked improvement in the efficiency of egg production from the use of lard. Singsen, Matterson and Kozeff (1952) and Gerry (1954) have reported higher efficiency, measured as feed requirement per dozen eggs produced, with rations high in energy …
- Published
- 1956
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22. Studies on Duck Nutrition
- Author
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F. W. Hill, E. H. Parsons, J. H. Bruckner, Ellsworth Dougherty, and Milton L. Scott
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digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Biology ,Feed conversion ratio ,Fish meal ,Market quality ,Normal growth ,High fat ,%22">Fish ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Food science ,Carcass composition ,Niacin - Abstract
PREVIOUS studies on duck nutrition conducted in this laboratory (Scott and Heuser, 1951, 1952; Scott et al., 1957; Heuser and Scott, 1952) have shown that Pekin ducklings are capable of maintaining normal growth and satisfactory efficiency of feed utilization when fed simple, high-energy rations. When these rations were supplemented with adequate levels of known vitamins, especially niacin, no significant improvement was obtained upon further supplementation of the rations with fish meal, fish solubles, whey, distillers solubles or other sources of unidentified chick growth factors. Furthermore, supplemental methionine in these simplified rations produced no improvement in growth or efficiency of feed utilization. Although growth and efficiency of feed utilization were satisfactory, it was noted that the market quality of the ducklings produced on these high-energy rations was unsatisfactory because of the excessively high fat content of the eviscerated duck carcasses. In view of this, studies were undertaken to determine whether alterations …
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- 1959
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23. The Utilization of Corn Oil, Lard and Tallow by Chickens of Various Ages
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F. W. Hill and Ruth Renner
- Subjects
food.ingredient ,Chemistry ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Broiler ,General Medicine ,Soybean oil ,Oleic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,food ,Nutrient ,Linseed oil ,Tallow ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Food science ,Digestion ,Corn oil - Abstract
QUANTITATIVE data on the utilization of fats and fatty acids by poultry are quite limited. Whitson et al. (1943) described an index method for determination of digestibility using barium sulfate, and showed that soybean oil is highly digested and absorbed by growing chickens. Duckworth et al. (1950) found that linseed oil is well utilized by chicks, but mutton tallow is much less well absorbed. Their data indicated that the absorbability of mutton fat increased with age. Carver et al. (1955) found that beef tallow was well utilized when added at a level of 3% to a practical broiler ration. Hydrogenated tallow and the fatty acids of hydrogenated tallow were less well absorbed, while oleic acid showed high absorbability. Sunde (1956) obtained evidence that the hard fats, tallow and hydrogenated tallow, when fed at a level of 5% in a practical chick ration were less well utilized than softer inedible fats …
- Published
- 1960
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24. XXIX. The hatchet planimeter
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F. W. Hill
- Subjects
Planimeter ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Art ,Anatomy ,media_common - Published
- 1894
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25. An in Vitro Method for Determining the Availability of Soybean Oil in Unextracted Soybean Products for the Chick
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Malden C. Nesheim, F. W. Hill, and L. B. Carew
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,food.ingredient ,Chemistry ,fungi ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Soybean oil ,Amino acid ,Ingredient ,food ,Agronomy ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Soybean protein ,Food science - Abstract
SOYBEAN oil is an excellent source of energy for chicks and also will stimulate growth rate when included in certain types of chick diets (Dam et al., 1959; Carew, 1961). Therefore it is desirable to study various means by which soybean oils may be easily incorporated into diets for chicks. Since soybean protein is the most widely used source of amino acids for poultry rations, unextracted soybeans, which contain approximately 20% soybean oil, offer a simple means of supplying most of the amino acids as well as the beneficial properties of soybean oil to chick diets in the form of a single feed ingredient. Previous reports from this laboratory have shown that finely ground, heat-treated soybeans do not serve as an efficient source of soybean oil for the chick because the soybean oil present in the soybean is poorly digested (Renner and Hill, 1960; Carew et al., 1961). Whereas extracted …
- Published
- 1962
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26. Studies of the Metabolizable Energy of Cottonseed Meals for Chicks, with Particular Reference to the Effects of Gossypol
- Author
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F. W. Hill and K. Totsuka
- Subjects
Cottonseed ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Dietary protein ,chemistry ,Gossypol ,Lysine ,Toxicity ,Genetic selection ,Animal Science and Zoology ,General Medicine ,Food science ,Cottonseed meal ,Protein solubility - Abstract
THE nutritive value of cottonseed meal for chickens and other non-ruminant species is influenced by at least four factors. The toxicity of gossypol has been long recognized; the minimum dietary level of gossypol which is detrimental to growth and development has been reported to be as low as .016 percent (Heywang and Bird, 1955) and as high as .08 percent (Couch, Chang and Lyman, 1955) and has been shown to vary with the level of dietary protein (Narain et al., 1960). The relative lysine deficiency of cottonseed protein is also well established, and this may be further aggravated by reaction of lysine with gossypol and other constituents of the seed during processing (Kuiken, 1952). A third factor is the extent of heat damage to the protein during processing, as suggested by the general correlation of nutritive value with protein solubility (Lyman et al., 1953). The development by genetic selection of…
- Published
- 1964
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27. The Relationship of Dietary Energy Level and Density to the Growth Response of Chicks to Fats
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L. B. Carew, F. W. Hill, and Malden C. Nesheim
- Subjects
Beef Tallow ,Cottonseed ,Nutrient ,Egg oil ,Chemistry ,Energy density ,food and beverages ,Animal Science and Zoology ,General Medicine ,Food science ,Growth rate - Abstract
FATS from several sources have been reported to stimulate growth rate when added to diets for chicks. Included in this group are the oils derived from corn, peanuts, cottonseed and soybeans, egg oil, and lard. The reports on this subject have been reviewed by Rand et al. (1958), Hill et al. (1958), Dam et al. (1959), Denton and Menge (1959), Carew et al. (1959) and Menge and Denton (1961). This effect of certain fats on growth rate may reflect the presence of a required nutrient or may be related to the higher caloric density of diets containing added fat. Results which would support the latter possibility have been presented for fats of both animal and vegetable origin. Work by Baldini and Rosenberg (1957) showed that growth responses to beef tallow did not occur when energy levels of diets containing added fat were maintained isocaloric to that of the low-fat basal…
- Published
- 1963
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28. Role of Yolk in Chick Embryo Mortality Induced by the Feeding of Sterculia Foetida Oil
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Barry W. Wilson, F. W. Hill, and R. E. Austic
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Sterculic acid ,animal structures ,food.ingredient ,Sterculia foetida ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,Chick Embryo ,Biology ,food ,Animal science ,Yolk ,Botany ,Animals ,Poultry Diseases ,Ovum ,Cottonseed oil ,ved/biology ,Fatty Acids ,Embryo ,General Medicine ,Chick embryos ,Egg Yolk ,Fertility ,Acrylates ,embryonic structures ,Female ,Food Additives ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Chickens ,Infertility, Female ,Oils - Abstract
INTRODUCTION CHICK embryo mortality may be induced by the feeding of oils containing cyclopropenoid fatty acids. Schneider et al. (1961) reported that the daily administration of 50 mg. of Sterculia foetida oil (S.F.O.) to individual hens may result in nearly 100% embryo mortality. Excessive embryo mortality was also observed by Kemmerer et al. (1965) who fed diets containing S.F.O. or crude cottonseed oil. Both oils contain substantial quantities of cyclopropenoid fatty acids. There are no detailed studies to indicate whether the cyclopropenoid fatty acids of these oils are the only factors which cause embryo mortality. McDonald and Shenstone (in Phelps et al., 1965), however, reported 100% embryo mortality in an experiment in which purified sterculic acid, the major cyclopropenoid of S.F.O., was fed. The amount of sterculic acid fed (25 mg. per hen, daily) was approximately equivalent to that supplied by 50 mg. of S.F.O. in the studies of Schneider…
- Published
- 1971
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29. Effect of Trypsin Supplementation on the Utilization by the Chick of Diets Containing Raw Soybean Oil Meal
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Sergio Brambila, F. W. Hill, and Malden C. Nesheim
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Meal ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,food.ingredient ,Chemistry ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Body weight ,Trypsin ,Soybean oil ,food ,medicine ,Food science ,medicine.symptom ,Weight gain ,medicine.drug - Published
- 1961
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30. The Effect of Nicarbazin on Yolk Quality
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Robert C. Baker, F. W. Hill, A. van Tienhoven, and A. Prock
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,food.ingredient ,food ,Animal science ,Scoring system ,chemistry ,Filter paper ,Nicarbazin ,Yolk ,embryonic structures ,Water uptake ,Animal Science and Zoology ,General Medicine - Abstract
IN A previous paper by Baker et al. (1957) the effects of feeding Nicarbazin to laying hens on the yolk quality of their eggs was described. Neither the nature of the damage to the yolk nor the mechanisms involved in causing the damage were known. Experiments were designed to study the possible mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eggs were obtained from hens fed Nicarbazin. The scoring system used to estimate yolk damage was the same as described previously (Baker et al., 1957). Water uptake of the yolk was determined according to the method of Orru (1939). The intact yolk was dried on filter paper, placed in a tared beaker and covered with the experimental solution. The system was incubated at 37°C. for 3 hours, the fluid drained off and the last traces of solution removed with filter paper by rolling the yolk over the paper. It proved to be practically . . .
- Published
- 1958
- Full Text
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31. Reinvestigation of the Vitamin A Requirements of Laying and Breeding Hens and Their Progeny
- Author
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G. F. Hetjser, Milton L. Scott, L. C. Norris, and F. W. Hill
- Subjects
Vitamin ,Vitamin E ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Retinol ,General Medicine ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Vitamin A deficiency ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Fish meal ,Animal science ,chemistry ,Research council ,medicine ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Food science ,Animal nutrition ,VITAMIN A PREPARATIONS - Abstract
ON THE basis of the available evidence from quantitative studies, the Committee on Animal Nutrition of the National Research Council (1954) has estimated the vitamin A requirements to be 1,200 U.S.P. units per pound of diet for growing chickens, and 2,000 U.S.P. units per pound of diet for laying and breeding hens. The results of individual studies on which these estimates are based have varied widely. The sources of vitamin A activity used in the various studies on requirement were fish oils, alfalfa meals and/or yellow corn, all of which were unstable to some degree, especially after mixture in the experimental diets. Even with the precaution of frequent diet mixing, the instability of the vitamin or its precursors introduced considerable uncertainty into the quantitative estimates of requirement. Recently, efforts in industry have been directed toward the development of vitamin A preparations which are highly stable in diet mixtures and under…
- Published
- 1961
- Full Text
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32. Utilization of Fatty Acids by the Chicken
- Author
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Ruth Renner and F. W. Hill
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Oleic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,chemistry ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Fatty acid ,Myristic acid ,Heat of combustion ,Food science ,Animal nutrition ,Feces ,Polyunsaturated fatty acid - Published
- 1961
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Studies of the Energy Requirements of Chickens
- Author
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F. W. Hill, H. H. Dukes, and W. J. Mellen
- Subjects
Starvation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Feed consumption ,General Medicine ,Biology ,Body weight ,Energy requirement ,Caloric intake ,Animal science ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Basal metabolic rate ,medicine ,Metabolic rate ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Composition (visual arts) ,medicine.symptom - Abstract
THE studies reported here were designed to supplement other investigations in these laboratories on the effects of dietary productive energy level upon the growth, feed consumption, and body composition of the chick (Hill and Dansky, 1954; Dansky and Hill, 1953). The purpose of the present work was to measure the effects of various levels of productive energy upon the basal metabolism of growing chickens. An important feature of the experiments was that the diets used, while differing in energy level, had identical levels of protein and met the recognized requirements of the growing chick for protein, minerals, and vitamins. The productive energy values of the rations used in these studies were based on data of Fraps (1946). It has long been recognized that the metabolic rate of animals and humans is lowered during prolonged inanition or starvation. Restricted caloric intake over a considerable period of time has been reported to …
- Published
- 1954
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Factors Affecting the Absorbability of Saturated Fatty Acids in the Chick
- Author
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F. W. Hill and Ruth Renner
- Subjects
Palmitic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Hydrolysis ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Chromatography ,Chemistry ,Tallow ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Organic chemistry ,Molecule ,Gas chromatography ,Fat absorption - Published
- 1961
- Full Text
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35. Studies of the Metabolizable Energy of Grain and Grain Products for Chickens
- Author
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F. W. Hill, D. L. Anderson, L. B. Carew, and Ruth Renner
- Subjects
Animal science ,Agronomy ,Animal Science and Zoology ,General Medicine ,Mathematics - Abstract
PREVIOUS work reported from this laboratory compared metabolizable and productive (net) energy determinations with chicks and showed that metabolizable energy is the better measure (Hill and Anderson, 1958). The purpose of this paper is to report determinations of metabolizable energy values for a variety of grains and grain products for chickens based on the use of glucose as the reference substance. Only limited data on directly determined metabolizable energy values are available for poultry, and are contained in reports by Mitchell and Haines (1927), Fraps et al. (1940), Olsson (1950), Hainan (1951) and Carpenter and Clegg (1956). Metabolizable energy values have been computed from digestibility data for many feeding materials by Axelsson and Eriksson (1951) and Titus (1955). Digestibility determinations with avian species are subject to limitations of the methods used for chemical or physical preparation of fecal and urinary constituents during analysis, or the difficulties of using surgically altered …
- Published
- 1960
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36. All-Mash Rations for Hens
- Author
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F. W. Hill
- Subjects
Animal Science and Zoology ,Biology - Published
- 1952
- Full Text
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37. The Effect of Nicarbazin on Egg Production and Egg Quality
- Author
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Robert C. Baker, A. van Tienhoven, F. W. Hill, and J. H. Bruckner
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,food.ingredient ,food ,chemistry ,Nicarbazin ,Yolk ,embryonic structures ,Animal Science and Zoology ,General Medicine ,Flock ,Biology - Abstract
DURING the winter of 1956 several field cases were reported to the Experiment Station of flocks of hens in which a large percentage of the freshly laid eggs showed abnormalities of the yolk. The yolks seen in these field cases and subsequently produced experimentally were blemished by a combination of translucent and opaque areas with the result that the color of the yolk surface was not uniform. In many eggs, whitish-yellow “curdled” areas were evident, and in severe cases the yolk had a brownish-orange color and was streaked. These yolks were apparently similar to those described by Jeffery (1945). The studies reported here were undertaken to determine the possible cause of the yolk damage observed in the field cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS During the experiments described below, eggs laid the previous day were broken out on a glass plate supported between mirrors so that all the surfaces of the yolk . . .
- Published
- 1957
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. The Metabolizable Energy of Soybean Oil Meals, Soybean Millfeeds and Soybean Hulls for the Growing Chick
- Author
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F. W. Hill and Ruth Renner
- Subjects
Nutrient ,Fish meal ,Animal science ,food.ingredient ,food ,Agronomy ,%22">Fish ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Composition (visual arts) ,General Medicine ,Soybean hulls ,Biology ,Soybean oil - Abstract
PREVIOUS reports from this laboratory have described studies of methods of determining energy values for chickens (Hill and Anderson, 1958), determination of the metabolizable energy value of glucose (Anderson, Hill and Renner, 1958), and the metabolizable energy values of grains and grain products for growing chicks (Hill, Anderson, Renner and Carew, 1960). The purpose of this paper is to report studies of the metabolizable energy of soybean oil meals, soybean millfeeds and soybean hulls, materials widely used in poultry feeding, as part of a systematic study of the energy values of feedstuffs for poultry. MATERIALS AND METHODS In all of the experiments to be described, the reference diet employed was diet E9, the composition of which is shown in Table 1. It was formulated to contain adequate amounts of all known nutrients required by the chick, and was liberally supplemented with fish meal, fish solubles, brewers’ dried yeast and dried …
- Published
- 1960
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39. Comparison of Metabolizable Energy and Productive Energy Determinations with Growing Chicks
- Author
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F. W. Hill and D. L. Anderson
- Subjects
Meat ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Energy (esotericism) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Energy metabolism ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Appetite ,Biology ,Energy requirement ,Poultry ,Diet ,Animal science ,Nutrient ,Animals ,Humans ,Food science ,Energy Metabolism ,Chickens ,media_common - Published
- 1958
- Full Text
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40. High-Efficiency Nutrition for Laying Hens
- Author
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F. W. Hill
- Subjects
Animal science ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Biology ,Laying - Published
- 1957
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41. Deficiency of Unidentified Vitamins in Practical Chick Rations
- Author
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G. F. Heuser, L. C. Norris, F. W. Hill, and Milton L. Scott
- Subjects
Vitamin ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,animal structures ,chemistry ,Anemia ,medicine ,Physiology ,Animal Science and Zoology ,General Medicine ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Nutritional deficiency - Abstract
Several groups of research workers have reported the existence of unidentified members of the vitamin-B complex required by the chick for the prevention of nutritional deficiency. Among these are factor U of Stokstad and Manning (1938), factor R and factor S of Schumacher, Norris and Heuser (1940), vitamin Bc of Hogan and Parrott (1940), and vitamin B10 and vitamin B11 of Briggs, Luckey, Elvehjem and Hart (1943). Factor U, factors R and S and vitamin B11 were reported to be required for chick growth, vitamin Bc, for the prevention of anemia and vitamin B10 for feather development. These discoveries were made by making use of specially devised experimental diets. As a consequence no evidence was obtained of the need for any of these vitamins in practical chick feeding. Recently, however, results have been obtained at this laboratory which show that certain chick rations containing limited amounts of protein of animal . . .
- Published
- 1944
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Basal Metabolism and Thyroid Size in Chickens Fed Thiouracil and a Thiouracil-Thyroprotein Combination
- Author
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F. W. Hill and W. J. Mellen
- Subjects
endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Thyroid ,Normal thyroxine ,General Medicine ,Normal thyroid ,Biology ,Thiouracil ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,Basal metabolic rate ,medicine ,Animal Science and Zoology - Abstract
Singh and Shaffner (1950) have reported that a very small amount of thyroprotein (1 gram per 100 pounds of feed) completely overcame the depression of basal metabolic rate (BMR) due to 0.2 percent of thiouracil in the diet of two-week-old chicks. Moreng and Shaffner (1949) reported that the same level of thyroprotein in combination with 0.2 percent thiouracil produced larger goiters in chicks than those produced by thiouracil alone. The level of thyroprotein used by these workers was one-fourth that which Schultze and Turner (1945) found would maintain normal thyroid size in growing chickens fed thiouracil, and therefore is presumably equivalent to one-fourth the normal thyroxine secretion. For this reason, plus the unexpected nature of the findings with respect to thyroid size, it was considered desirable to determine whether results similar to those of the Maryland workers could be obtained in another laboratory. Eighty-day-old male chicks (BPR × RIR) were randomly …
- Published
- 1954
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. CONCENTRATIONS OF DI-ETHYL ETHER IN BLOOD DURING SURGICAL ANAESTHESIA
- Author
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L. W. Ritchie, E. A. Pask, F. W. Hill, and A. E. M. Matthews
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Ether ,Surgery ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,chemistry ,Anesthesiology ,Anesthesia ,Humans ,Medicine ,business ,Ethers - Published
- 1952
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Failure of Combinations of Orotic Acid, Thioctic Acid, Adenosine and Mevalonic Acid to Stimulate Chick Growth
- Author
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Richard Dam, L. C. Norris, and F. W. Hill
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Orotic acid ,animal structures ,Thioctic Acid ,Dried whey ,General Medicine ,Mevalonic acid ,Biology ,Adenosine ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Milk products ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,embryonic structures ,medicine ,Animal Science and Zoology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
MENGE and Combs (1952) reported that orotic acid stimulated only very slight and inconsistent growth responses when fed to chicks. Similar results were obtained by Chin and Norris (1953). In contrast Combs, Arscott and Jones (1954) obtained increased growth in chicks fed practical type diets supplemented with orotic acid. Rasmussen et al. (1954) also reported that orotic acid promoted chick growth. DeBusk and Williams (1955) observed a growth response in chicks on addition of thioctic acid to the diet. Stokstad, Broquist and Patterson (1953), Morrison and Norris (1956), Stokstad et al. (1956), Reid et al. (1956), Supplee, Combs and Romoser (1956) and Briggs and Fox (1957) on the other hand, were unable to show that thioctic acid increased chick growth under a variety of environmental and dietary conditions. Barnett et al. (1956) reported a growth increase in chicks on the addition of adenosine to a purified diet. Ritchey, Scott and…
- Published
- 1961
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Exophthalmos in a horse resulting from an adenocarcinoma of the frontal sinus
- Author
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F W, Hill, J E, Moulton, and P H, Schiff
- Subjects
Male ,Animals ,Exophthalmos ,Frontal Sinus ,Horse Diseases ,Horses ,Adenocarcinoma ,Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms - Abstract
A fifteen-year-old thoroughbred gelding with exophthalmos of the left eye, was found at necropsy to have an adenocarcinoma of the left frontal sinus. The tumour extended caudally through the cribriform plate into the orbit, displacing the eyeball anteriorly.
- Published
- 1989
46. The postnatal development of intestinal disaccharidases in the calf
- Author
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F, Toofanian, D E, Kidder, and F W, Hill
- Subjects
Male ,Rumen ,Colon ,Abomasum ,Age Factors ,Lactose ,Weaning ,Disaccharidases ,Fatty Acids, Volatile ,Diet ,Galactosidases ,Enzyme Activation ,Intestines ,Milk ,Polysaccharides ,Intestine, Small ,Animals ,Cattle ,Intestine, Large ,Trehalase ,Cecum ,Glucosidases ,Sucrase - Published
- 1974
47. The development and distribution of small intestinal disaccharidases in the horse
- Author
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M C, Roberts, F W, Hill, and D E, Kidder
- Subjects
Meconium ,Gestational Age ,Disaccharides ,Galactosidases ,Fetus ,Animals, Newborn ,Intestine, Small ,Animals ,Horses ,Intestine, Large ,Trehalase ,Intestinal Mucosa ,Glucosidases ,Sucrase - Published
- 1974
48. The development of the intestinal disaccharidase activities in the fetal and newborn calf
- Author
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F, Toofanian, F W, Hill, and D E, Kidder
- Subjects
Meconium ,Colon ,Abomasum ,Age Factors ,Disaccharidases ,Galactosidases ,Enzyme Activation ,Intestines ,Animals, Newborn ,Intestine, Small ,Animals ,Cattle ,Intestine, Large ,Trehalase ,Intestinal Mucosa ,Cecum ,Glucosidases ,Sucrase - Published
- 1974
49. Suspected thrombasthenia in a shetland sheepdog
- Author
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F W Hill and D R Jones
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,General Veterinary ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Blood Coagulation Disorders ,Dermatology ,Blood Cell Count ,Thromboplastin ,Dogs ,Thrombasthenia ,Shetland Sheepdog ,medicine ,Prothrombin Time ,Animals ,Female ,Blood Coagulation Tests ,Blood Platelet Disorders ,Dog Diseases ,business - Published
- 1974
50. Studies on the effect of quantity and type of fat on chick growth
- Author
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L. C. Norris, F. W. Hill, R. M. Leach, T. S. Nelson, and Richard Dam
- Subjects
Nutrition and Dietetics ,Growth factor ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Glyceride ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Growth ,Biology ,law.invention ,Fats ,law ,medicine ,Animals ,Growth rate ,Food science ,Distillation ,Chickens ,Corn oil - Published
- 1959
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