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Enterprise modelling is a central activity in enterprise engineering (EE) and enterprise integration (EI). In this paper, we first present our definition and recall fundamental principles of enterprise modelling. Then we focus on new developments of the CIMOSA modelling language, which is an event-driven process-based modelling language suitable for enterprise system analysis and model enactment. New features of the language concern a clear separation between the concept of processes (modelled as workflows) and the concept of agents or resources (modelled by state-machines). The link between the two concepts is materialized by functional operations (elementary actions) as well as resource capabilities and competencies. Another extension of the language concerns modelling of organization aspects. An example illustrates concepts and methods used in the modelling approach.

This paper reports on a panel session organised to discuss some new problems and potential research avenues in terms of management and control in the context of modern manufacturing organisations, such as the extended or virtual enterprise or the integration of the supply-chain management, and using an interdisciplinary approach.

The manufacturing world is always in mutation, at this time shifting from economy of scale to globalization and customer satisfaction leading to economy of scope. While this enforces the need for more integration, it has severe implications on the deployment of computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) in manufacturing enterprises. The paper reviews some CIM technical issues requiring further research, especially the information technology (IT) issue, to better address user requirements in designing and manufacturing their products. >

The basic concepts of CIM-OSA, an open systems architecture for CIM, being developed by AMICE are presented. The function view and the information view of CIM-OSA are discussed and illustrated. They provide a unique set of advanced features to model functionality, behavior, information and resources of CIM systems at three distinct levels (requirements definition, design specification and implementation description). >

Concurrent Engineering approaches heavily rely on reliable and efficient shared information among people involved in the design, engineering, industrialization and even manufacturing of products. In a context of an integrated design methodology, the nature of information exchanged by the design team evolves and enterprises tend to support this information through co-operative technology (CSCW). Thus, Non-Structured-Information becomes increasingly important within Integrated-Teams. Pieces of information flowing in this kind of teams are hardly controlled. Although informational aspects become more and more strategic, they are barely controlled. Indeed, it could be difficult to structure, share and access pieces of information to enhance Integrated-Team working and to capitalize knowledge and knowhow to learn from past experiences and to avoid doing the same mistakes twice.

Modern, integrated manufacturing systems need to be engineered in a systematic way like any other complex dynamic systems. Due to the extreme complexity and interdisciplinarity nature of manufacturing system design, analysis, reengineering and continuous improvement, and due to the trend for internetworking of enterprises, a new discipline called Enterprise Engineering is emerging. Different aspects or dimensions of Enterprise Engineering in the context of integrated manufacturing systems engineering are reviewed in the paper.

In many identification problems, the characterization of the system, i.e. the determination of the nature of the model from some specified response, is an important point. For an automatic characterization, a syntactic pattern recognition approach is related in this paper, which is based on the use of regular grammars and of a new grammatical inference algorithm. Linear dynamical systems with known impulse response are considered here, especially eight classes of models which are commonly encountered in the modelling of actual flow in chemical or biochemical reactors. The good results obtained for this application indicate the validity of this approach.

In this paper, main features of the M∗ methodology for organization analysis and information system design are presented. The importance of integrating enterprise analysis and modelling and database design is stressed. M∗ is structured into three major phases: Enterprise Modelling and Analysis, database Conceptual Design, and database Implementation Design. In this paper, the first two phases will be discussed and explained by means of case study concerning a flexible manufacturing system.

A methodology, called M ∗ , for information system analysis and database design of production environments is presented in detail. The originality of M ∗ is to recognize the importance of integrating factory analysis methods for data and user requirements definition with logical database design methods for database specification. M ∗ is a pragmatic, complete, manual methodology involving three major phases: Enterprise Modelling and Analysis which is the phase devoted to accurate analysis of the structure of the enterprise and precise definition of the scope of the future database application; Conceptual Design which is the phase concerned with data modelling of both static and dynamic properties of the enterprise; and Implementation Design which is the phase dealing with adaptation of the conceptual schema to the data model specifications of the physical database system used for application development and tuning performances of the physical system. The methodology is explained and illustrated by means of an example related to a Flexible Manufacturing System for mechanical parts.

M ∗ is a methodology developed at the National Research Council of Canada for modelling and analysis of information system and database design of production environments . M ∗ is structured into three methodological phases: Enterprise Modelling and Analysis, Database Conceptual Design, and Implementation Design. In this paper, the first and second phase of the methodology and their application principles are presented by means of a case study about a discrete manufacturing plant.

Real time systems (RTS) are at the core of safety critical devices : they control the devices' behavior in such a way that they remain safe with regard to an unpredictable environment. A RTS has no other choices than to adapt to its environment : its correctness depends upon its response time to the stimuli stemming from the environment. It is widely accepted that the Time Petri nets (TPN) formalism is adapted to the description of RTS. However, the modeling of simple systems with only a few periodic tasks scheduled according to a basic policy remains a challenge in the worst case and can be very tedious in the most favorable one. First, we put forward some limitations of TPN regarding the modeling of a wide variety of scheduling policies, coming from the fact that this formalism is not always capable to impose a given order on events whenever they happen at the same time. Moreover, RTS are usually constituted of the same recurring features, implying a compositional modeling, but TPN are not well adapted to such a compositional use. To solve those problems we propose in this Cifre thesis - in partnership with Airbus and the Laas-Cnrs - to extend the formalism with two new dual relations, the forbid and allow relations so that time constraints can be finely tuned. Then, to assess this new extension for modeling of real time systems, we define Pola, a specific language aimed at two goals : to determine a subset of RTS which can be modeled with forbid/allow time Petri nets and to provide a simple language to the real time community which, ideally, can be checked automatically. Its semantics is given by translation into forbid/allow Time Petri nets. The state space exploration tool of the Tina toolbox have been extended so that it can model check Pola descriptions.; Les systèmes temps réel (STR) sont au coeur de machines souvent jugés critiques pour la sécurité : ils en contrôlent l'exécution afin que celles-ci se comportent de manière sûre dans le contexte d'un environnement dont l'évolution peut être imprévisible. Un STR n'a d'autre alternative que de s'adapter `a son environnement : sa correction dépend des temps de réponses aux stimuli de ce dernier. Il est couramment admis que le formalisme des réseaux de Petri temporels (RdPT) est adapté à la description des STR. Cependant, la modélisation de systèmes simples, ne possédant que quelques tâches périodiques ordonnancées de façon basique se révèle être un exercice souvent complexe. En premier lieu, la modélisation efficace d'une gamme étendue de politiques d'ordonnancements se heurte à l'incapacité des RdPT à imposer un ordre d'apparition à des évènements concurrents survenant au même instant. D'autre part, les STR ont une nette tendance à être constitués de caract éristiques récurrentes, autorisant une modélisation par composants. Or les RdPT ne sont guère adaptés à une utilisation compositionnelle un tant soit peu générale. Afin de résoudre ces deux problèmes, nous proposons dans cette thèse Cifre - en partenariat entre Airbus et le Laas-Cnrs - d'étendre les RdPT à l'aide de deux nouvelles relations, les relations d'inhibition et de permission, permettant de spécifier de manière plus fine les contraintes de temps. Afin de cerner un périmètre clair d'adéquation de cette nouvelle extension à la modélisation des systèmes temps réel, nous avons défini Pola, un langage spécifique poursuivant deux objectifs : déterminer un sous-ensemble des systèmes temps réel modélisables par les réseaux de Petri temporels à inhibitions/permissions et fournir un langage simple à la communauté temps réel dont la vérification, idéalement automatique, est assurée par construction. Sa sémantique est donnée par traduction en réseaux de Petri temporels à inhibitions/permissions. L'explorateur d'espace d'états de la boite à outils Tina a été étendu afin de permettre la vérification des descriptions Pola.

Real time systems (RTS) are at the core of safety critical devices : they control the devices' behavior in such a way that they remain safe with regard to an unpredictable environment. A RTS has no other choices than to adapt to its environment : its correctness depends upon its response time to the stimuli stemming from the environment. It is widely accepted that the Time Petri nets (TPN) formalism is adapted to the description of RTS. However, the modeling of simple systems with only a few periodic tasks scheduled according to a basic policy remains a challenge in the worst case and can be very tedious in the most favorable one. First, we put forward some limitations of TPN regarding the modeling of a wide variety of scheduling policies, coming from the fact that this formalism is not always capable to impose a given order on events whenever they happen at the same time. Moreover, RTS are usually constituted of the same recurring features, implying a compositional modeling, but TPN are not well adapted to such a compositional use. To solve those problems we propose in this Cifre thesis - in partnership with Airbus and the Laas-Cnrs - to extend the formalism with two new dual relations, the forbid and allow relations so that time constraints can be finely tuned. Then, to assess this new extension for modeling of real time systems, we define Pola, a specific language aimed at two goals : to determine a subset of RTS which can be modeled with forbid/allow time Petri nets and to provide a simple language to the real time community which, ideally, can be checked automatically. Its semantics is given by translation into forbid/allow Time Petri nets. The state space exploration tool of the Tina toolbox have been extended so that it can model check Pola descriptions.; Les systèmes temps réel (STR) sont au coeur de machines souvent jugés critiques pour la sécurité : ils en contrôlent l'exécution afin que celles-ci se comportent de manière sûre dans le contexte d'un environnement dont l'évolution peut être imprévisible. Un STR n'a d'autre alternative que de s'adapter `a son environnement : sa correction dépend des temps de réponses aux stimuli de ce dernier. Il est couramment admis que le formalisme des réseaux de Petri temporels (RdPT) est adapté à la description des STR. Cependant, la modélisation de systèmes simples, ne possédant que quelques tâches périodiques ordonnancées de façon basique se révèle être un exercice souvent complexe. En premier lieu, la modélisation efficace d'une gamme étendue de politiques d'ordonnancements se heurte à l'incapacité des RdPT à imposer un ordre d'apparition à des évènements concurrents survenant au même instant. D'autre part, les STR ont une nette tendance à être constitués de caract éristiques récurrentes, autorisant une modélisation par composants. Or les RdPT ne sont guère adaptés à une utilisation compositionnelle un tant soit peu générale. Afin de résoudre ces deux problèmes, nous proposons dans cette thèse Cifre - en partenariat entre Airbus et le Laas-Cnrs - d'étendre les RdPT à l'aide de deux nouvelles relations, les relations d'inhibition et de permission, permettant de spécifier de manière plus fine les contraintes de temps. Afin de cerner un périmètre clair d'adéquation de cette nouvelle extension à la modélisation des systèmes temps réel, nous avons défini Pola, un langage spécifique poursuivant deux objectifs : déterminer un sous-ensemble des systèmes temps réel modélisables par les réseaux de Petri temporels à inhibitions/permissions et fournir un langage simple à la communauté temps réel dont la vérification, idéalement automatique, est assurée par construction. Sa sémantique est donnée par traduction en réseaux de Petri temporels à inhibitions/permissions. L'explorateur d'espace d'états de la boite à outils Tina a été étendu afin de permettre la vérification des descriptions Pola.

Held in conjonction with IFIP WCC WorldComputerCongress . Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. internationale.; International audience; The part of embedded electronic systems in vehicles is nowadays growing. The European EAST-EEA project aims to bring efficient methods and tools for mastering the complexity of these systems. We present EAST-ADL, an Architecture Description Language developed in this project et show how the verification and validation activities are linked to this language.

ISBN : 1-56555-212-1. Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. nationale.; National audience; Nous considérons un système complexe et nous supposons qu'il vient de tomber en panne. Le critère à minimiser est l'espérance mathématique du coût de détection de la panne qui vient de survenir. Les données dont nous disposons sont, outre le diagramme de fiabilité du système, la probabilité de panne de chaque composant et le coût du test permettant de vérifier si un composant est en panne ou fonctionne normalement. Pour résoudre ce problème, nous construisons la séquence de tests des composants en nous appuyant sur les coupes minimales du diagramme de fiabilité. Nous rappelons la procédure polynomiale connue dans le cas où les coupes minimales sont indépendantes. Nous étendons cette méthode (sans garantie d'optimalité) au cas où il y a des redondances de composants dans les coupes minimales. Nous obtenons ainsi une procédure de test dynamique. Nous examinons également le cas statique où la séquence de tests est fixée a priori.