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This article investigates if and at what extent a recycling process based on grinding, melting and re-shaping of recycled carbon fibers reinforced thermoplastic polymers (rCFRPs) can affect their physical, mechanical and thermal properties. The aim is to establish if they can be taken into consideration in the manufacturing of new composite materials in different sectors: automotive, marine, sporting goods, etc. Composites materials were submitted to the measurement of the fibers length they are composed of, and then analyzed by means of tensile and impact tests and a dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). All the characterizations were performed to both initial and recycled composites and, in some cases, they were replied also after the intermediate accelerated aging. Characterization performed confirmed that, as expected, the recycling process affects the properties of the composites, but in different manners and to a different extent when different polymers are involved. Tensile and impact tests pointed out that the polypropylene based composites showed a less stiff and a more brittle behaviour after the recycling process and the DMA confirmed this evidence, highlighting in addition a more viscous behavior of the polymer after the recycling. Conversely, the polyamide 6 based composites increased their stiffness and ductility after the recycling. For all the composites the tensile strength dropped, confirming the weakening of the materials.

We present a joint analysis of the galaxy S04590 at z = 8.496 based on NIRSpec, NIRCam, and NIRISS observations obtained as part of the Early Release Observations program of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the far-infrared [C ii] 158 mu m emission line detected by dedicated Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations. We determine the physical properties of S04590 from modeling of the spectral energy distribution (SED) and through the redshifted optical nebular emission lines detected with JWST/NIRSpec. The best-fit SED model reveals a low-mass (M-? = 10(7.2)-10(8) M-?) galaxy with a low oxygen abundance of derived from the strong nebular and auroral emission lines. Assuming that [C ii] effectively traces the interstellar medium, we estimate the total gas mass of the galaxy to be M-gas = (8.0 +/- 4.0) x 10(8) M-? based on the luminosity and spatial extent of [C ii]. This yields an exceptionally high gas fraction, f(gas) = M-gas/(M-gas + M-?) ? 90%, though one still consistent with the range expected for low metallicity. We further derive the metal mass of the galaxy based on the gas mass and gas-phase metallicity, which we find to be consistent with the expected metal production from Type II supernovae. Finally, we make the first constraints on the dust-to-gas (DTG) and dust-to-metal (DTM) ratios of galaxies in the epoch of reionization at z ? 6, showing overall low mass ratios of logDTG < -3.8 and logDTM < -0.5, though they are consistent with established scaling relations and in particular with those of the local metal-poor galaxy I Zwicky 18. Our analysis highlights the synergy between ALMA and JWST in characterizing the gas, metal, and stellar content of the first generation of galaxies., Carlsberg Foundation Reintegration Fellowship CF21-0103, VILLUM FONDEN through the Villum Experiment Programme, Carlsberg Foundation 17H06130, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) NAS 5-03127, NAOJ ALMA Scientific Research, Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA 2017-06B, Danmarks Grundforskningsfond CF20-0534 140

We present a set of multiwavelength mosaics and photometric catalogs in the Atacama Large Millimeter/ submillimeter Array (ALMA) lensing cluster survey fields. The catalogs were built by the reprocessing of archival data from the Complete Hubble Archive for Galaxy Evolution compilation, taken by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey, Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble, and Hubble Frontier Fields. Additionally, we have reconstructed the Spitzer Infrared Array Camera 3.6 and 4.5 μm mosaics, by utilizing all the available archival IPAC Infrared Science Archive/Spitzer Heritage Archive exposures. To alleviate the effect of blending in such a crowded region, we have modeled the Spitzer photometry by convolving the HST detection image with the Spitzer point-spread function using the novel GOLFIR software. The final catalogs contain 218,000 sources, covering a combined area of 690 arcmin2, a factor of ∼2 improvement over the currently existing photometry. A large number of detected sources is a result of reprocessing of all available and sometimes deeper exposures, in conjunction with a combined optical–near-IR detection strategy. These data will serve as an important tool in aiding the search of the submillimeter galaxies in future ALMA surveys, as well as follow-ups of the HST dark and high-z sources with JWST. Coupled with the available HST photometry, the addition of the 3.6 and 4.5 μm bands will allow us to place a better constraint on the photometric redshifts and stellar masses of these objects, thus giving us an opportunity to identify high-redshift candidates for spectroscopic follow-ups and to answer the important questions regarding the Epoch of Reionization and formation of the first galaxies. The mosaics, photometric catalogs, and the best-fit physical properties are publicly available at https:// github.com/dawn-cph/alcs-clusters., Danmarks Grundforskningsfond 140, Villum Fonden 13160 37440, Carlsberg Foundation CF18-0388, European Commission 896225 European Research Council (ERC) European Commission 648179, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) JP17H06130, NAOJ ALMA Scientific Research 2017-06B, NRAO Student Observing Support (SOS) SOSPA7-022, Beatriz Galindo senior fellowship BG20/00224, Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain (MICINN) PID2020-114414GB-100 PID2020-113689GB-I00, Junta de Andalucia P20_00334 FEDER/Junta de Andalucia-Consejeria de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades -FQM-510-UGR20, RELICS Treasury Program GO 14096, National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) NAS5-26555

We present new CO(2–1) observations of a representative sample of 24 local (z, EB and AL acknowledge the support from Comunidad de Madrid through the Atracción de Talento grant 2017-T1/TIC-5213. This research has been partially funded by the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) Project MDM-2017-0737 Unidad de Excelencia ‘María de Maeztu’– Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC). MPS acknowledges support from the Comunidad de Madrid through the Atracción de Talento Investigador Grant 2018-T1/TIC-11035 and PID2019-105423GA-I00 (MCIU/AEI FEDER, UE). AAH, MVM and SGB acknowledge support from grant PGC2018-094671-B-I00 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER,UE). SGB acknowledges support from the research project PID2019-106027GA-C44 of the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. DR acknowledges support from STFC through grant ST/S000488/1. AL, LC and SA acknowledge the support from grant PID2019-106280GB-I00 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER,UE). SC acknowledges financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa award to the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709). MSG acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad through the grants BES-2016-078922 and ESP2017-83197-P. AP gratefully acknowledges financial support from STFC through grant ST/T000244/1. FV acknowledges support from the Carlsberg Foundation Research Grant CF18-0388 ‘Galaxies: Rise and Death’. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant No. 140. AU acknowledges support from the Spanish grants PGC2018-094671-B-I00, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”, and PID2019-108765GB-I00, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA#2013.1.00243.S, ADS/JAO.ALMA#2013.1.00271.S, ADS/JAO.ALMA#2015.1.00714.S, ADS/JAO.ALMA#2017.1.00255.S, ADS/JAO.ALMA#2017.1.00395.S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ.

The beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), the most widely followed healthy diet in the world, are principally due to the presence in the foods of secondary metabolites, mainly polyphenols, whose healthy characteristics are widely recognized. However, one of the biggest problems associated with the consumption of polyphenols as nutraceutical adjuvant concerns their bioavailability. During the last decades, different nanotechnological approaches have been developed to enhance polyphenol bioavailability, avoiding the metabolic modifications that lead to low absorption, and improving their retention time inside the organisms. This review focuses on the most recent findings regarding the encapsulation and delivery of the bioactive molecules present in the foods daily consumed in the MedDiet such as olive oil, wine, nuts, spice, and herbs. In addition, the possibility of recovering the polyphenols from food waste was also explored, taking into account the increased market demand of functional foods and the necessity to obtain valuable biomolecules at low cost and in high quantity. This circular economy strategy, therefore, represents an excellent approach to respond to both the growing demand of consumers for the maintenance of human wellness and the economic and ecological exigencies of our society.

We present Keck Cosmic Web Imager (KCWI) observations of giant Lya halos surrounding 9 galaxy groups and clusters at 2, Comment: ApJ Letters

Urban waste can be valorized within a biorefinery approach, producing platform chemicals, biopolymers and energy. In this framework, hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is a promising pre-treatment for improving biodegradability due to its high effectiveness and low cost. This paper deals with the effect of HC pre-treatment on the acidogenic co-fermentation process of thickened sewage sludge from a WWTP and seasonal vegetable waste from a wholesale market. Specifically, HC was assessed by testing two sets of parameters (i.e., treatment time of 30 and 50 min; vacuum pressure 1.4 and 2.0 bar; applied power 8 and 17 kW) to determine its effectiveness as a pre-treatment of the mixture. The highest increase in sCOD (+83%) and VFAs (from 1.93 to 17.29 gCOD

Compact star formation appears to be generally common in dusty star-forming galaxies (SFGs). However, its role in the framework set by the scaling relations in galaxy evolution remains to be understood. In this work we follow up on the galaxy sample from the GOODS-ALMA 2.0 survey, an ALMA blind survey at 1.1mm covering a continuous area of 72.42arcmin$^2$ using two array configurations. We derived physical properties, such as star formation rates, gas fractions, depletion timescales, and dust temperatures for the galaxy sample built from the survey. There exists a subset of galaxies that exhibit starburst-like short depletion timescales, but they are located within the scatter of the so-called main sequence of SFGs. These are dubbed starbursts in the main sequence and display the most compact star formation and they are characterized by the shortest depletion timescales, lowest gas fractions, and highest dust temperatures of the galaxy sample, compared to typical SFGs at the same stellar mass and redshift. They are also very massive, accounting for $\sim 60\%$ of the most massive galaxies in the sample ($\log (M_{\rm{*}}/M_{\odot}) > 11.0$). We find trends between the areas of the ongoing star formation regions and the derived physical properties for the sample, unveiling the role of compact star formation as a physical driver of these properties. Starbursts in the main sequence appear to be the extreme cases of these trends. We discuss possible scenarios of galaxy evolution to explain the results drawn from our galaxy sample. Our findings suggest that the star formation rate is sustained in SFGs by gas and star formation compression, keeping them within the main sequence even when their gas fractions are low and they are presumably on the way to quiescence., Accepted by A&A. 26 pages, 13 figures

Background In recent years, transcranial Magnetic Resonance-guided Focused UltraSounds (tcMRgFUS) treatments for functional neurological disorders are giving a new thrust to the field of therapeutic brain lesioning. This technique has been proven safe and effective in selected patients. Here we present the case of a patient affected by tremor combined with parkinsonism who underwent a second tcMRgFUS thalamotomy because of relapsing tremor after a few months from the first tcMRgFUS treatment. Materials and Methods A 72-year-old, right-handed man, who came to our observation because of a disabling tremor affecting mainly his upper right limb and refusing any invasive surgical procedure. His past medical history was notable for arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hereditary hemochromatosis (homozygous H63D mutation). Patient underwent a tcMRgFUS thalamotomy (target: left VIM) which resulted in a meaningful reduction of 46.9% of the global tremor at the FTM, with a persistent reduction of 57.1% of the treated hand tremor and a 33.9% improvement in patient’s quality of life at a 3 months follow-up. Four months after the treatment, a progressive recurrence of the disabling tremor on the right upper limb was noticed by the patient. The decision to re-treat the patient was taken. Results The re-treatment session was planned six month after the former and, again, the treatment resulted in an immediate and complete relief from right upper limb tremor. At a clinical and electrophysiological assessment performed six months after the second treatment, a clinical benefit on postural and kinetic tremor of the right upper limb persisted; patients showed only a slight and inconstant resting tremor. A significant reduction of 41.7% of the global tremor was reported by the FTM scale, with a persistent reduction of 71.4% of the treated hand tremor. Moreover, an improvement of 29.2% in patient’s quality of life was reported by the QUEST questionnaire. Conclusion Since tcMRgFUS doesn’t use ionizing radiations and it is incision-less, repeated and staged treatment procedures have always been hypothesized. Our report suggests that tcMRgFUS re-treatment might be actually a feasible, safe and effective option in selected patients in whom an optimal clinical outcome is not achieved after the first treatment session. During the re-treatment session no technical issues were faced focusing the HI-FU beam in proximity to the previously targeted area and it was still possible to exploit the typical closed-loop system which characterizes tcMRgFUS procedures. However, future well-designed studies in large samples are needed to assess the possible risks of retreatment and the optimal timing of reintervention. Acknowledgements: The installation of the tcMRgFUS equipment named in this abstract was funded by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) within the project “Programma Operativo Nazionale 2007-3013” (PONa3_00011; Project Leader: Prof. Carlo Catalano). The research leading to these results has received funding from the Italian Ministry of Health's “Ricerca Finalizzata 2016” (GR-2016-02364526; Principal Investigator: Dr. Cesare Gagliardo).

International audience; Many biological functions rely on the reshaping of cell membranes, in particular into nanotubes, which are covered in vivo by dynamic actin networks. Nanotubes are subject to thermal fluctuations, but the effect of these on cell functions is unknown. Here, we form nanotubes from liposomes using an optically trapped bead adhering to the liposome membrane. From the power spectral density of this bead, we study the nanotube fluctuations in the range of membrane tensions measured in vivo. We show that an actin sleeve covering the nanotube damps its high-frequency fluctuations because of the network viscoelasticity. Our work paves the way for further studies of the effect of nanotube fluctuations on cellular functions.

Based on optical/near-IR Magellan FIRE spectra of 25 starburst galaxies at 0.5 < z < 0.9, Calabr�� et al.(2018) showed that their attenuation properties can be explained by a single-parameter sequence of total obscurations ranging from A(V)=2 to A(V)=30 towards the starburst core centers in a mixed stars and dust configuration. We investigate here the origin of this sequence for the same sample. We show that total attenuations anti-correlate with the starburst sizes in radio (3 GHz) with a significance larger than 5sigma and a scatter of 0.26 dex. More obscured and compact starbursts also show enhanced N2 (=[NII]/Halpha) ratios and larger line velocity widths that we attribute to an increasing shock contribution toward later merger phases, driven by deeper gravitational potential wells at the coalescence. Additionally, the attenuation is also linked to the equivalent width (EW) of hydrogen recombination lines, which is sensitive to the luminosity weighted age of the relatively unobscured stellar populations. Overall, the correlations among A(V), radio size, line width, N2 and EW of Balmer/Paschen lines converge towards suggesting an evolutionary sequence of merger stages: all of these quantities are likely to be good time-tracers of the merger phenomenon, and their large spanned range appears to be characteristic of the different merger phases. Half of our sample at higher obscurations have radio sizes approximately 3 times smaller than early type galaxies at the same redshift, suggesting that, in analogy with local Ultraluminous Infrared galaxies (ULIRGs), these cores cannot be directly forming elliptical galaxies. Finally, we detect mid-IR AGN torus for half of our sample and additional X-ray emission for 6 starbursts; intriguingly, the latter have systematically more compact sizes, suggestive of emerging AGNs towards later merger stages, possibly precursors of a later QSO phase., 30 pages, 21 figures and 2 tables. Accepted for publication to A&A. The key result is in Fig. 3, while a Cartoon of the merger sequence is shown in Fig. 9

We investigate the contribution of clumps and satellites to the galaxy mass assembly. We analyzed spatially-resolved Hubble Space Telescope observations (imaging and slitless spectroscopy) of 53 star-forming galaxies at z ~ 1 - 3. We created continuum and emission line maps and pinpointed residual "blobs" detected after subtracting the galaxy disk. Those were separated into compact (unresolved) and extended (resolved) components. Extended components have sizes ~ 2 kpc and comparable stellar mass and age as the galaxy disks, whereas the compact components are 1.5 dex less massive and 0.4 dex younger than the disks. Furthermore the extended blobs are typically found at larger distances from the galaxy barycenter than the compact ones. Prompted by these observations and by the comparison with simulations, we suggest that compact blobs are in-situ formed clumps, whereas the extended ones are accreting satellites. Clumps and satellites enclose respectively ~ 20% and ~< 80% of the galaxy stellar mass, ~ 30% and ~ 20% of its star formation rate. Considering the compact blobs, we statistically estimated that massive clumps (Mstar >~ 10^9 Msun) have lifetimes of ~ 650 Myr, and the less massive ones (10^8 < Mstar < 10^9 Msun) of ~ 145 Myr. This supports simulations predicting long-lived clumps (lifetime > 100 Myr). Finally, ~< 30% (13%) of our sample galaxies are undergoing single (multiple) merger(s), they have a projected separation ~< 10 kpc, and the typical mass ratio of our satellites is 1:5 (but ranges between 1:10 and 1:1), in agreement with literature results for close pair galaxies., 20 pages (plus appendix), 8 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Lipid membranes define the boundaries of living cells and intracellular compartments. The dynamic remodelling of these membranes by the cytoskeleton, a very dynamic structure made of active biopolymers, is crucial in many biological processes such as motility or division. In this review, we present some aspects of cellular membranes and how they are affected by the presence of the actin cytoskeleton. We show that, in parallel with the direct study of membranes and cytoskeleton in vivo, biomimetic in vitro systems allow reconstitution of biological processes in a controlled environment. In particular, we show that liposomes, or giant unilamellar vesicles, encapsulating a reconstituted actin network polymerizing at their membrane are suitable models of living cells and can be used to decipher the relative contributions of membrane and actin on the mechanical properties of the cellular interface.

International audience; Pulling membrane nanotubes from liposomes presents a powerful method to gain access to membrane mechanics. Here we extend classical optical tweezers studies to infer membrane nanotube dynamics with high spatial and temporal resolution. We first validate our force measurement setup by accurately measuring the bending modulus of EPC membrane in tube pulling experiments. Then we record the position signal of a trapped bead when it is connected, or not, to a tube. We derive the fluctuation spectrum of these signals and find that the presence of a membrane nanotube induces higher fluctuations, especially at low frequencies (10-1000 Hz). We analyse these spectra by taking into account the peristaltic modes of nanotube fluctuations. This analysis provides a new experimental framework for a quantitative study of the fluctuations of nanotubular membrane structures that are present in living cells, and now classically used for in vitro biomimetic approaches.

We tested the reroductive compatibility existing between four geographically different populations of Proaselis coxalis (Crustacea Isopoda) collected in the river Sarno (near Naples) and on three Sicilian sites: San Domenico; Villa Grazia di Carini and Enna. By means of laboratory hybridization experiments (“no-choice” method) we investigated and characterized the reproductive isolation established between these populations under allopatric conditions. The populations San Domenico and Enna are reproductively isolated from Villa Grazia di Carini and Sarno, so that they may be considered as belonging to different species. The mechanism of reproductive isolation are of postzygotic nature only: embronic death, hbrid inviability and sterility of the surviving hybrids. These results agree with tie theory of aioatric speciation, according to which in the first phase of speciation only post-zygotic mechanisms occur as an accidental product of genetic divergence.

Le contenu nucleaire en DNA montre qu'il s'agit de deux especes differentes appartenant a deux genres differents

Neuroendocrine bladder cancer is extremely rare, with an estimated incidence of 0.5%- 0.7%. In bladder cancers there is no evident connection between the neuroendocrine phenotypic expression and the clinical history. However, prognosis is usually poor and the survival rate at 5 years does not exceed 8%, if untreated. Methods. We are here describing three case reports of bladder carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation, which is extremely aggressive and leads rapidly to death. At the present time, the local control of these tumors is achieved by radical cystectomy and radiotherapy; they can be both associated to chemotherapy. However, since these lesions are fairly rare, there is no gold standard therapy and there are no prospective studies on the management of these tumors. Conclusions. Considering the quick evolution and progression of any variant of the neuroendocrine tumors of the bladder, urologists and anesthetists should see them as real oncological emergencies. A prompt intervention through radical surgery with cystectomy and linfadenectomia, and the anathomo-pathologist's systematic investigation of the scraps could make the approach therapeutic and not only palliative. Prospective studies on neo-adjuvant chemotherapy as well as experimental studies about target therapies may yield new guidelines on the tumor management.

Previous studies have shown that loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta), monitored by satellite telemetry, complete long-distance migration between the western and eastern Mediterranean basins following a seasonal pattern. This study investigated if these migration routes may be influenced by surface currents by superimposing the tracks of three loggerhead turtles (curved carapace length >55 cm), migrating from the western to the eastern Mediterranean basin, on Lagrangian data of current developed into pseudo-eulerian speed fields. The average travel speed of the turtles was 1.6 km h−1 and did not depend on the current speed or direction. We observed a connection between surface currents and the turtles’ migration routes, although not a conclusive one. These observations show that neritic stage loggerhead turtles conduct migration in two distinct alternate phases: the first characterized by high and constant speed of travel both when swimming with or against currents and the second typified by low travel speeds and a good concurrence between the trailed routes and the course of the currents. These two phases corresponded to two types of movements, one where the turtle migrates actively to reach a specific destination (either neritic foraging, wintering or nesting ground) and the other, where the turtle drifts with the mesoscale current and forages pelagically. It seemed thus, that the influence of currents on a turtle’s movements depends on the turtle’s momentary behaviour and location of residence.

The objective of this work was to determine the potential clinical usefulness of SPECT to image 511-keV annihilation photons.A triple-headed gamma camera equipped with ultra-high-energy collimators was used to image 18F. Sensitivity measurements were carried out and the FWHM and FWTM were determined in air and for a unit-density scattering medium. Additionally, tomographic phantom studies were acquired to evaluate image quality.The sensitivities of the three cameras were, for all practical purposes, identical. At a source-to-collimator distance of 100 mm, the FWHM and FWTM were 13 and 29 mm, respectively. A tomographic phantom study demonstrated that spheres with a diameter of 20 mm were well resolved when filled with 18F activity and placed inside a water-filled phantom.The triple-headed SPECT camera in this investigation is a practical means of acquiring tomographic 18F images. The reconstructed slices were of sufficient quality to be of value in some clinical studies.

Serum levels of C4 complement factor are lower in diabetic patients: it is supposed that this finding is related to genetic inheritance factors of diabetes. The purpose is to compare C4 levels in newborns of diabetic mothers with maternal metabolic control during pregnancy. The results suggest that metabolic control could influence the expression of genetic factors of diabetes; in fact C4 serum levels in newborns are significantly higher (p0.01) than controls, but not different from those observed in large newborns of non diabetic mothers.

The circadian variation of the mitotic index during spermiohistogenesis was studied in Asellus aquaticus (L.). The actual number of metaphases and prometaphases was determined at the end of each hour of light or darkness over a 24 h period in animals bred under LD 12:12. The number of the metaphases and prometaphases decreases during the light period and sharply increases in the last 3 hrs of the dark period. This variation in the proliferative activity suggests that photoperiod can play a role in the synchronization of mitosis.

The basic concept of Triangular SPECT System for 3-D organ volume imaging was reported last year. Further stringent imaging tests with the initial experimental system revealed that the composite SPECT images from three detectors remove small artifacts present in the individual detector SPECT images by their crosscancellation. Since then we have developed a clinical prototype with dynamic SPECT capability for rapidly changing physiological process. Its system performance results are reported here. The system has fast rotation speed up to 4 revolutions per minute with