Search

Caudal cutaneous appendage is a rare condition. According to association with underlying spinal dysraphism, it can be classified into true or pseudotails. Management and prognosis depends closely on spinal anomaly. Fewer than 40 cases of true tail were reported. We describe a rare case of true tail in a newborn explored and operated in our unity.

Resume Le syndrome de Plummer-Vinson (SPV), aussi appele dysphagie sideropenique, est une entite tres rare qui associe une triade classique : l’anemie ferriprive, la dysphagie et le diaphragme œsophagien superieur. Son association avec la maladie cœliaque a ete rarement rapportee.

The influence of defects and surface effects on the stability of phenomena accompanying phase transitions, mainly coexistence phenomenon, has been studied. Experimental measurements were carried out by varying the cell thickness and using simple experimental on chiral smectic liquid crystal product. The analysis of the results with different cell thickness leads us to interpret the anomaly shown by our product related to impact of defects and surface effects. Moreover, the phase transition is affected by the trace of defects for thick cell and by the surface effect for thin cell. These effects have the same role as an electric local field which can induce phase transition.

Chiral smectic liquid crystals are known for their huge optical activity due to the precession of the anisotropic dielectric tensor around the helicoidal axis. For an oblique direction of the propagating wave, the helix acts as a grating which splits an incident beam in different directions as long as the pitch is not too small with respect to the light wavelength. When the pitch of the helix is smaller than the wavelength, the effect of the helix is a renormalization of the gyrotropic coefficients (g_{⊥} and g_{∥}) of the resulting uniaxial medium. We report here on a method to compute these coefficients in that limit. Resolution of the Maxwell equations, using a perturbative approach, gives expressions for g_{⊥} and g_{∥} as a power development of the ratio (p/λ). The various terms of these developments coincide with the approximate expressions of these coefficients known in the literature.

Ovarian masses requiring surgical intervention are uncommon in the pediatric population. Our aim is to report results of a multicentric Tunisian study concerning the clinical practice and the management of pediatric ovarian masses and to identify the factors that are associated with ovarian preservation. Between January 2000 and December 2015, 98 pediatric patients (14 years) were surgically treated for ovarian masses at the five pediatric surgery departments in Tunisia. Ninety-eight patients were included in this study. The mean age of the patients at time of surgery was 8.46 ± 4.87 years. Sixty-three ovarian masses (64.3%) were non-neoplastic lesions, 24 (24.5%) were benign tumors, and 11 (11.2%) were malignant neoplasms. Conservative surgery (ovarian-preserving surgery) was successfully performed in 72.4% of the benign lesions, whereas only three patients (27.3%) with malignant tumors underwent ovary-sparing tumor resection (p .001). The mean diameter of the tumors in the patients who underwent oophorectomy was significantly larger than that in the patients who underwent conservative surgery (7.8 ± 3.9 cm vs. 5.7 ± 2.9 cm, respectively, p = .001). In our study, the risk factors for oophorectomy were a malignant pathology and large tumor size. In accordance with the Gynecologic Cancer Intergroup consensus, we recommend that surgical management of ovarian masses in children should be based on ovarian-preserving surgery.

Rhabdoid tumor of the kidney is a rare pediatric malignancy arising most of the time before the age of two years. The diagnosis is generally difficult. The treatment is not well codified and the forecast remains very dark in spite of the progress of the pediatric oncology. We report a new case of rhabdoid renal tumor diagnosed prenatally and we specify our diagnostic and therapeutic approach.

The syndrome of obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly is known as Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome or more recently, by the acronym OHVIRA. This congenital anomaly is rare. We report a case of a new born admitted because of intrauterine retardation and after explorations, she diagnosed to have OHVIRA syndrome. She underwent endoscopicresection.

Urolithiasis is uncommon in children. This is a recurrent disease with severe evolution, which can lead to chronic renal failure. The management is multidisciplinary. Despite the innovation of new minimally invasive techniques, conventional surgery in our country remains the reference treatment. We bring our experience in the diagnostic and therapeutic management.

The presence of a vermiform appendix in an inguinal hernia sac is known as Amyand's hernia. It is an uncommon and rare condition estimated to be found in approximately 1 % of hernia. However, in just 0.08 %, the condition is complicated by an acute appendicitis. The clinical presentation varies, depending on the extent of inflammation of the appendix, and is most often misdiagnosed as an incarcerated inguinal hernia. As such, it is rarely recognized prior to surgical exploration. We report a case of Amyand’s hernia in a 2-month-old male, who presented as a right-sided congenital hernia with pain in the right groin. He underwent herniotomy, which revealed that the hernia sac containing elongated inflamed appendix appeared with some adhesions to sac, lying in the inguinal canal.

Solubility of solids was modeled in modified supercritical carbon dioxide as a predictive method. The Peng-Robinson equation of state was used to characterize the ternary systems using the one-fluid van der Waals rules. Ternary mixture parameters k12, k23, and k13 were obtained from the binary mixtures using Wong-Sandler mixing rules or the linear combination of Vidal-Michelsen mixing rules together with UNIFAC as required as a fully predictive tool for the liquid activity coefficients. When this method was applied to predict the solubility of β-naphthol in CO2 modified with 6% and 10% toluene, values for the predicted solubility were very similar to the measured ones, with deviations of 9.6 and 26.3%, respectively. However, when the method was applied to the data of Simon et al. who examined six common cosolvents, the results were not as good in absolute terms, but the solvents were sorted in about the same order as found experimentally. The method provides quite an approximate guide to judge the most effective cosolvent from several candidates using a fully predictive methodology.

The extraction of a natural wax from raw wool was carried out with modified near-critical solvent in order to develop a cleaner, less polluting extraction process compared with the conventional soap-and-water washing process. As shown previously, natural wax is soluble in near supercritical carbon dioxide but only at very high pressures. Thus, carbon dioxide would be a very interesting non-aqueous solvent provided that lower pressures could be used. It has been found that the addition of a modifier increases the solvent polarity, hence increasing the solvating power of the mixture. In the present study, solutions of carbon dioxide and ethanol were employed, either in subcritical or supercritical conditions at moderate pressure (

This review attempts to answer the following questions: what are the interest and benefits of polymerizing in supercritical media and what type of polymer and polymerization process can be used? Supercritical fluids (SCFs) in theory offer many advantages since they have intermediate propertics between liquids and gases. Also, at a time when the environment is undergoing such great impacts as the depletion of the ozone layer by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), the use of CO 2 seems an attractive a ternative for sustainability and conservation. This is why heterogeneous polymerization methods, particularly suspension and dispersion processes, ofter great potential with an SCF as a suspending medium. Unfortunately, polyolefins and other commodities, such as poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), may not benefit from SCF technology today for profitability reasons, but acrylics, styrenics and other fluorinated plastics are open to this new technology. Furthermore. SCFs may have an impact on polyamides, polycarbenates and other speciality poly mers.

High initial conversions for the cyclododecatriene (CDT) hydrogenation in a slurry reactor at 433 K and 1.2 MPa were obtained from a supercritical (sc) CO2-cleaned 0.5% Pd/Al2O3 catalyst. A recovered intermediate selectivity was achieved by the sc CO2-cleaned catalyst at the higher CDT conversion values, suggesting an effective cleaning of Pd sites and a possible reconstruction of the residual coke layers onto the surface caused by the solvent nature of sc CO2. SEM pictures show that the cleanup of the used catalyst with sc CO2 removes most of the coke and oily materials from the surface. Pd SEM X-ray microanalysis evidenced a decrease of the Pd dispersion on the surface of the used-activated catalyst. Coke was also characterized using elemental analysis and TGA in air, indicating that about 80 wt % of the deactivating materials were efficiently removed from the surface by sc CO2. The formation of the oligomerized and stabilized residual coke (remaining 20%) should be presumably avoided if the catalytic hydrogenation had taken place at sc (in situ) conditions where oligomerization times are minimized. The SCF conditions are then highly challenging at the catalytic hydrogenation of polyunsaturated hydrocarbons.

This paper describes flow visualization results and measurements of the fluctuating pressure and velocity in pulsatile flow through a conical tube. The flow was produced by a pusher-plate type pump and circulated in a closed-loop system equipped with valves, under conditions relevant to physiological blood flow. The results demonstrate the formation of traveling pressure waves caused by valve operation and the presence of flow separation and turbulence during the deceleration phase of diastole.

In this paper a continuous quasi-equilibrium method was used to determine the solubilities of α and β-naphthol in supercritical carbon dioxide. For the case of a packed bed extractor in which pure solid slabs were contacted with the flowing fluid, the approach to equilibrium is judged in terms of a modified Stanton number, in the region where free convection effects are dominant (low Reynolds number). Analysis of data from Tan and Weng [C.-S. Tan, J. Weng, Fluid Phase Equilib. 34 (1987) 37–48] and Anistescu-Tavlarides [G. Anitescu, L.L. Tavlarides, J. Supercrit. Fluids 10 (1997) 175–189;] for several solutes, as well as own data, show that quasi-static experiments provide the equilibrium solubility with negligible error.

An empirical kinetic model was developed for the extraction of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seed oil with supercritical carbon dioxide as solvent. Extraction conditions were up to 20 MPa and 333 K. Kinetic measurements provided by a neural-regressive hybrid prediction system allowed the simulation and design of a supercritical fluid extraction unit using differential laboratory data modelled with neural networks. Differential extraction yields were correlated with the factors that affected the rate (particle size, degree of milling, fluid flow rate, pressure, temperature, moisture, and time). Their influence on the extracted mass of oil (or system response) was determined by a statistical design of experiments. Response surface data were obtained by using non-parametric statistics. Thus, a neural net model was developed to predict extraction yields. It consisted in a feedforward multilayer neural network, conveniently trained with the backpropagation algorithm. Inputs to the neural net were: pressure, temperature and time. The system provided a single output (the amount extracted) as the only system response. The network architecture was kept to minimum complexity by carefully choosing the number of units of the hidden layer. The neural net computing program was intended as a design and simulation tool for SCF extractors. The bed was assimilated to a pile of layers, each corresponding to a neural net so that its extraction rate could be predicted by the associated neural network as a function of time. In the design stage, the neural-net system operates with numerical routines that carry out the integration of the fluid-phase mass balance equation. The intra-bed mass conservation equation takes into account solute accumulation, convective transport and transport by axial dispersion. Solution to the mass balance equation at each bed height and time was necessary for obtaining the breakthrough curve. By using certain scale-up rules, no fitting parameters were necessary to describe the actual breakthrough behaviour. A sensitivity analysis clearly pointed out the key process parameters, and how to use the model for design purposes. Predictions made with the present hybrid computing system (neural network in combination with pseudohomogeneous mass balance) successfully agreed with data.

In this paper, the supercritical-fluid extraction (SCFE) of a packed bed of β-naphthol-impregnated porous pellets was studied. An increasing number of industrial SCFE processes involve the extraction of a solute retained within a porous matrix, usually in the form of seeds or irregular grains. The interest in high-pressure extraction is due to certain advantages of dense gases and near-critical solvents over conventional liquid solvents. In this study, modified carbon dioxide was the fluid studied. The effects of temperature, pressure, fluid velocity, particle size, and gravity were experimentally studied using carbon dioxide, pure or mixed with varying amounts of toluene (6%, and 10%). For the solute, β-naphthol, the solubilities in SC carbon dioxide mixtures (from 0 to 10% toluene) were available from separate experiments. The dispersed plug-flow model was used to describe the nonideal flow. Fitting the experimental data with the model solution allowed the measurements of the fluid-to-particle mass tran...

The aim of this paper is the prediction of solid solubilities in supercritical fluids (SCF) on an order-of-magnitude basis. A further aim is to clarify some of the computational aspects of the Boublik and Mansoori equations for the perturbed hard-sphere used in the estimation of solubility. Modelling the solubilities of heavy hydrocarbons and other organics provides an average value for the pair-potential integral function a 12 . The latter varies by only ±30% from one solute to the other over relatively wide ranges of pressure ( P ) and temperature ( T ). Thus, it is possible to use a mean value to estimate approximate solubilities in SCF, which are useful in some stages of engineering work where order-of-magnitude data is sufficient. On the other hand, the (one-parameter) Peng–Robinson equation of state with the interaction parameter optimized for each solute gives no clear guidance.

The e+e-??+?-?0?bJ (J=0,1,2) processes are studied using a 118fb-1 data sample acquired with the Belle detector at a center-of-mass energy of 10.867 GeV. Unambiguous ?+?-?0?bJ (J=1,2), ??b1 signals are observed, and indication for ??b2 is seen, both for the first time, and the corresponding cross section measurements are presented. No significant ?+?-?0?b0 or ??b0 signals are observed, and 90% confidence level upper limits on the cross sections for these two processes are obtained. In the ?+?-?0 invariant mass spectrum, significant non-? signals are also observed. We search for the X(3872)-like state (named Xb) decaying into ??(1S); no significant signal is observed with a mass between 10.55 and 10.65GeV/c2. � 2014 American Physical Society.

We report a search for charmless hadronic decays of neutral B mesons to ??K?(892)0. The results are based on a 711fb-1 data sample that contains 772�106BB� pairs, collected at the (4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy e+e- collider. We observe the decay for the first time with a significance of 5.0 standard deviations and obtain its branching fraction B[B0???K?(892)0]=[2.6�0.7(stat)�0.2(syst)]�10-6. We also measure the CP-violating asymmetry as ACP[B0???K?(892)0]=-0.22�0.29(stat)�0.07(syst). � 2014 American Physical Society.

We present the results of an amplitude analysis of B�0?J/?K-?+ decays. A new charged charmoniumlike state Zc(4200)+ decaying to J/??+ is observed with a significance of 6.2?. The mass and width of the Zc(4200)+ are 4196-29-13+31+17MeV/c2 and 370-70-132+70+70MeV, respectively; the preferred assignment of the quantum numbers is JP=1+. In addition, we find evidence for Zc(4430)+?J/??+. The analysis is based on a 711fb-1 data sample collected by the Belle detector at the asymmetric-energy e+e- collider KEKB. � 2014 American Physical Society.

In order to design a new reactor based on sonoelectrochemical technology for processes of wastewater treatment, mass transfer is studied in a high-frequency (560 kHz) ultrasonic reactor. The determination of the active zones is of particular interest because it allows to locate the electrodes where mass transfer is highest. The determination of the mass-transfer coefficient was achieved by measuring the diffusion current obtained in the electrochemical reduction of potassium ferricyanide. Mean mass-transfer coefficients kd are calculated at different points throughout the reactor and a spatial distribution of kd is obtained which represents the active zones of the reactor. This spatial distribution is in good agreement with the one obtained recently by chemiluminescence measurements and confirms the difference existing between the spatial distribution obtained by sonication at low frequency (20 kHz) and high frequency (500 kHz) ultrasound.

Mass transfer was investigated in ultrasonic reactors by means of the electrochemical method (feri-ferro-cyanide couple, under diffusion limitations). This method allowed for the determination of the active zones in the reactor. The oxidation of a model pollutant, phenol, has been carried out in the previously screened reactor, with ultrasound alone and with ultrasound associated with electrolysis. With a 20 kHz sonication, the electrochemical oxidation of phenol in NaCl media allows the conversion of 75% of initial phenol within 10 minutes of treatment. However a toxic intermediate, p.quinone was formed. At 500 kHz a conversion of 95% of the initial phenol was obtained within the same treatment time, and final products of degradation were acetic and chloroacrylic acids.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of an acute hepatic vagotomy on plasma insulin and catecholamines levels in fasted and fed rats with and without adrenodemedullation. Rats were first divided into two groups: adrenodemedullated (ADM) and non-adrenodemedullated rats, each group being subdivided into a normally fed and a fasted (14 hrs) group. Anesthetized rats were first ADM or sham operated, and a jugular catheter was inserted. The first blood sample was taken 30 min later (time 0). Rats were then hepatic vagotomized (HV) or sham operated, and the second blood sample was taken 30 min after the HV. Results (0 vs 30 min) indicate an increase in plasma glucose, epinephrine, and norepinephrine concentrations in rats non-adrenodemedullated. This effect was independent of the nutritional state and the integrity of the vagus nerve. A weakly significant (P < 0.07) effect of the HV on insulin response was found in ADM rats, independently of the fed or fast state (different levels of hepatic glycogen content). These results indicate the necessity of using ADM animals to study the effects of an acute HV. They also suggest that the hepato-pancreatic axis is not influenced by the level of hepatic glycogen.

The present investigation was designed to evaluate the effect of a selective hepatic vagotomy (HV) on the insulin response in rats fasted for 24 h when blood glucose levels were or were not maintained by a constant glucose infusion. Rats were divided into three dietary groups: one group of normally fed rats, one group of 24-h fasted rats, and one group of 24-h fasted rats infused with glucose throughout the fasting period. Each of these groups was subdivided into HV and sham-operated (SHM) rats. Fasting without glucose infusion resulted in a significant (p0.05) decrease in plasma glucose, liver glycogen, and insulin concentrations and in a significant (p0.01) increase in beta-hydroxybutyrate and FFA concentration. Despite the maintenance of plasma glucose concentrations in the glucose-infused groups, the concentrations of liver glycogen and insulin were still decreased (p0.01) and the concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyrate were still increased (p0.05) at the end of the fasting period. However, no significant differences in insulin or in beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration were found between HV and SHM rats. It is concluded that the decline in plasma glucose concentration during fasting does not totally explain the insulinopenic response to fasting, and that the liver, through the mediation of the hepatic vagus nerve, does not seem to contribute to insulinopenia in 24-h fasted rats.

Introduction La prise de plante toxique, a visee therapeutique essentiellement en automedication, peut etre responsable de certains effets indesirables parfois serieux. Les colites toxiques sont mal evaluees et leur incidence n’est pas connue et varie selon les pays. Dans les pays en voie de developpement, la conviction des populations des vertus medicinales de plantes rend de plus en plus plausible cette eventualite. Observation Nous rapportons les observations de trois patientes qui ont ete hospitalisees pour l’exploration d’une diarrhee glairosanglante d’installation aigue. L’interrogatoire trouve la notion de prise des plantes (Handal dans deux cas et non precise dans le troisieme cas) dans un but therapeutique, dans quelques heures precedant le debut de la diarrhee, souvent pour un probleme de constipation. L’examen physique et le bilan biologique etaient normaux. La colonoscopie avait montre dans tous les cas la presence d’une muqueuse œdemateuse parsemee de quelques suffisions hemorragiques et de quelques ulcerations cadrant avec une rectosigmoidite ulceree segmentaire evoquant dans ce contexte une origine toxique. Les biopsies, a part une reaction inflammatoire, sont negatives. L’evolution etait favorable a l’arret du traitement chez tous les patients avec une endoscopie de controle normale. Conclusion A travers ces observations et une revue de la litterature, nous rapportons les circonstances de decouverte, la conduite therapeutique et le pronostic des colites toxiques.

It is well known that several amino acids, such as arginine, are potent stimuli for insulin and glucagon secretion from the pancreas. Recently, vagal arginine sensors, which modulate arginine-induced pancreatic hormone secretion, have been reported to exist in the liver. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the role played by gluconeogenesis in this hepatic influence. To this end, we studied the effects of an intraperitoneal injection of 3-mercaptopicolinic acid (3-MPA), a gluconeogenic inhibitor, on the pancreatic hormonal response induced by intraperitoneal administration of arginine (1 g/kg body mass) to hepatic vagotomized and sham vagotomized rats. Fifteen min following the injection of arginine, the increases in glucose and insulin concentrations were significantly lower in rats with an inhibited gluconeogenesis than in rats with an intact capacity for gluconeogenesis. There were no effects of the hepatic vagotomy on the arginine-induced hormonal responses either with or without the 3-MPA injection. The results suggest that gluconeogenesis is implicated in the hepatic modulation of arginine-induced pancreatic hormone secretion.

In ferroelectric liquid crystals, phase transitions can be induced by an electric field. The current constant method allows these transition to be quickly localized and thus the (E,T) phase diagram of the studied product can be obtained. In this work, we make a slight modification to the measurement principles based on this method. This modification allows the characteristic parameters of ferroelectric liquid crystal to be quantitatively measured. The use of a current square signal highlights a phenomenon of ferroelectric hysteresis with remnant polarization at null field, which points out an effect of memory in this compound.

The degradation of phenol with ultrasound and the influence of several parameters - hydrostatic pressure, nature of the dissolved gas, frequency of the ultrasound - have been studied. Primary degradation products are dihydroxy benzenes and quinones. These products are further degraded upon time into low molecular carboxylic acids. COD reduction can be increased by the addition of Raney nickel. Based on the determination of the degradation products by HPLC and HPICE, a reaction scheme can be suggested.

2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) is a nonmetabolizable analogue of glucose that, by competitive inhibition of glucose utilization, produces a central neuroglucopenia and a peripheral hyperglycemia. This glucopenic agent was used to gain more insight into the combined effects of central glucopenia and exercise on plasma catecholamine response. This was carried out by comparing one group of exercising (26 m/min, 0% grade) rats injected with 2-DG (2-DG-EX; 250 mg/kg iv) with two control groups: one group of exercising rats injected with a saline solution (SAL-EX) and one group of resting rats injected with 2-DG (2-DG-RE). Significant (P less than 0.05) increases in blood glucose levels were observed 10 min after administration of 2-DG (7.2–13.8 and 7.3–12.4 mmol/l in 2-DG-EX and 2-DG-RE groups, respectively). These elevated blood glucose levels were maintained throughout the experiment in the 2-DG-RE condition but decreased in 2-DG-EX rats to levels observed in the SAL-EX group after 45 min of running (13.8–8.0 mmol/l). The combination of 2-DG-induced neuroglucopenia and exercise resulted in an additive response of norepinephrine (0.59 vs. 0.34 and 0.34 ng/ml; t = 12 min) and an amplified epinephrine response (1.4 vs. 0.37 and 0.31 ng/ml; t = 12 min) compared with the responses to each stimulus alone (2-DG-EX vs. 2-DG-RE and SAL-EX, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The liver, through the afferent pathway of the hepatic vagus nerve, has been reported to influence the hormonal response to exercise in adrenodemedullated rats. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the role played by gluconeogenesis in this hepatic influence. To this end, we studied the effects of a selective hepatic vagotomy on the hormonal response to a 30-min treadmill run (26 m/min, 0% grade) in adrenodemedullated rats injected with 3-mercaptopicolinic acid, a gluconeogenic inhibitor. Hepatic vagotomy was associated with small but significant higher (P less than 0.05) elevations of peripheral blood glucose levels at rest and after exercise. No significant differences were observed between hepatic-vagotomized and sham-operated rats in either resting or exercising levels of liver glycogen, portal glucose, portal and peripheral insulin and glucagon, and peripheral epinephrine and norepinephrine. All hormonal responses, with the exception of epinephrine, were either decreased or increased similarly in the two experimental conditions after exercise. These data indicate that contrary to what has been reported in rats with an intact capacity for gluconeogenesis, hepatic-vagotomized and sham-operated rats with an inhibited gluconeogenesis had similar hormonal responses to exercise. It is concluded that gluconeogenesis plays a role in the afferent neural influence exerted by the liver via the hepatic vagus nerve in the regulation of hormonal response to exercise.

Objectifs Le lipoblastome est une tumeur benigne rare retrouvee presque exclusivement chez l’enfant. La localisation omentale est exceptionnelle. Nous precisons les caracteristiques epidemiologiques, cliniques et therapeutiques de cette pathologie. Sujet Nous rapportons l’observation d’un nourrisson âge de 8 mois admis dans notre service pour une masse abdominale de decouverte fortuite par la mere. Resultats A l’examen, palpation d’une masse abdomino pelvienne de 15 cm de grand axe. Les marqueurs tumoraux etaient normaux. L’echographie abdominale et la tomodensitometrie abdominale ont montre une masse polylobee de tonalite graisseuse intra peritoneale de 15*11.5*10.5 cm. L’enfant a ete opere avec decouverte d’une masse pediculee au depend de l’epiploon qui a ete enlevee en totalite. Les suites operatoires etaient simples. L’examen anatomo pathologique a conclu a un lipoblastome du mesentere sans signes de malignite. Conclusions Le lipoblastome est une pathologie rare. L’imagerie est tres suggestive du diagnostic, elle offre une bonne caracterisation de la tumeur en confirmant la presence d’un contingent graisseux. La confirmation est toujours histologique. La chirurgie d’exerese est le seul traitement permettant d’eviter une recidive locale.

Objectifs Les kystes bronchogeniques sont des malformations intra thoraciques congenitales. Leur localisation habituelle est soit mediastinale soit pulmonaire. On se propose d’etudier un cas de kyste bronchogenique de localisation mediastinale et de preciser notre demarche diagnostique et notre attitude therapeutique. Sujets Nous rapportons l’observation d’une fille âgee de de 13 mois qui a ete exploree pour des bronchiolites a repitition depuis l’âge de 7 mois. Resultats L’enfant a ete explore par une radio de thorax et une tomodensitometrie abdominale qui ont objective la presence de 2 masses kystiques bien limitees de l’espace para tracheo oesophagien lateralisees du cote droit mesurant 25 et 31 mm de grand axe evoquant des kystes bronchogeniques. L’enfant a ete operee. Elle a eu une resection des 2 kystes. Les suites operatoires etaient simples. Conclusion Le kyste bronchogenique mediastinal est rare chez l’enfant. Le diagnostic, suspecte sur les donnees cliniques et radiologiques, est confirme par l’etude anatomopathologique. L’exerese est la regle vu l’absence de certitude diagnostique avant la confirmation histologique et la possibilite de complications pouvant rendre l’exerese urgente plus difficile du fait des adherences perikystiques.

The first section of this chapter describes the most important high pressure process run under homogeneous conditions to manufacture Low Density PolyEthylene (LDPE). The radical polymerization of ethylene to LDPE is carried out in tubular reactors or in stirred autoclaves. Tubular reactors exhibit higher capacities than stirred autoclaves. The latter are preferred to produce ethylene copolymers having a higher comonomer content. The second section presents a review of studies concerning countercurrently and cocurrently downflow conditions in fixed bed gas-liquid-solid reactors operating at elevated pressures. The various consequences induced by the presence of elevated pressures are detailed for Trickle Bed Reactors (TBR). Hydrodynamic parameters including flow regimes, two-phase pressure drop and liquid hold-up are examined. The scarce mass transfer data such gas-liquid interfacial area, liquid-side and gas-side mass transfer coefficients are reported. In the third section an extensive writing on two types of slurry catalytic reactors is proposed: Bubble Slurry Column Reactors (BSCR) and Mechanically Stirred Slurry Reactors (MSSR). All the variables relevant in the design and for the scale-up and the scale-down of slurry catalytic reactors are discussed particularly from the point of view of hydrodynamics and mass transfer. Two examples of application are included at the end of the section. Finally, in the fourth section the fundamentals of the modelling concerning two basic olefin polymerization processes are examined: heterogeneous slurry polymerization and gas-phase polymerization. The SPERIPOL process for making High Impact PolyPropylene (HIPP) is then described as an illustrative example for combining fundamentals and elements of product and technology development.

Publisher Summary This chapter elucidates the waterless wool cleaning process with supercritical carbon dioxide, along with extractor modeling and optimization. Describing a rigorous extraction process model, a rigorous process model is used to calculate the operating time for the semi-batch extraction of raw wool. The wool is loaded into the extractor and compressed either mechanically or by the action of the pressure differential across the bed. In either case, a model relating the compression stress to the mass balance equations is necessary. To develop such a model, the following assumptions are made: (a) dissolution of the lanolin and wax materials deposited on the wool fibers occurs at the fiber-fluid interface by mass transfer; fibers are distributed at random in the bed; (b) operation is isothermal; (c) the concentration of lanolin at the fiber surface equals its saturation value in the solvent; (d) wool fibers are assumed to be thin cylinders of constant diameter; (e) while axial dispersion in the bed is considered in the model, transverse dispersion is assumed to be extremely fast; and (f) the time for the pressure drop to establish is small compared with the extraction time so that the mechanical energy equation is directly written for the steady state.

The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of an acute hepatic vagotomy on hormonal responses to hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic challenges in rats previously submitted to an exercise protocol. Two experiments were conducted. In a first experiment, 8-week trained (TR) and untrained (UNTR) rats, subdivided into acutely hepatic vagotomized (HV) and sham-operated (SHM) groups, were submitted to an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (0,5 g/kg) under anesthesia. Training was associated with a tendency (P 5 0.07) for blood glucose levels to be less elevated (at time point 10 min), and with a significant (P , 0.01) lower glucose/insulin ratio following the glucose injection. The HV did not have any effects on these responses. In a second experiment, non-exercised rats and a group of rats submitted to an acute bout of exercise (treadmill, 60 min, 26 m/min, 5% slope) 24 h before the experiment, each one of these two groups being subdivided into acutely HV and SHM groups, were submitted to an insulin-induced hypoglycemia protocol, under anesthesia. Blood glucose concentrations were decreased significantly (P , 0.01) to approximately 40 mg/dl in all groups 60 and 80 min after the insulin injection. Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline levels were increased significantly (P , 0.01) in all groups. The catecholamine increase was not influenced by the HV or the acute exercise bout. The present results do not indicate an implication of the hepatic vagus nerve on hormonal responses to hyper and hypoglycemia following exercise.

Trabelsi, Fethi, and Jean-Marc Lavoie. Arginine-induced pancreatic hormone secretion during exercise in rats. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(6): 2528–2533, 1996.—The aim of the present investigation was to 1) determine whether arginine-induced pancreatic hormone secretion can be modified during an exercise bout, and 2) verify whether the sectioning of the hepatic branch of the vagus nerve can alter the arginine-induced insulin and glucagon secretion during exercise in rats. To this end, we studied the effects of an intraperitoneal injection of arginine (1 g/kg body mass) during an exercise bout (30 min, 26 m/min, 0% grade) on the pancreatic hormone responses. These effects were determined in one group of sham-operated exercising rats and compared with three control groups: one group of resting rats, one group of saline-injected exercising rats, and one group of hepatic-vagotomized exercising rats. Five minutes after the injection of arginine, significant ( P < 0.05) increases in insulin, glucagon, and C-peptide concentrations were observed in exercising as well as in resting rats. These responses were not, however, altered by the hepatic vagotomy and/or by the exercise bout. It is concluded that arginine is a potent stimulus of pancreatic hormone secretion during exercise, even though the sympathoadrenal system is activated. These results also indicate that a hepatic vagotomy does not seem to influence arginine-induced hormonal pancreatic responses and question the role of the putative hepatic arginoreceptors in the control of the pancreatic hormone secretion during exercise.

It has been established that the liver, through the afferent pathway of the vagus nerve, can influence insulin secretion. The purpose of the present study was to determine if this influence can be altered by different nutritional status aimed at inducing metabolic changes in the liver. This was carried out by comparing the insulin response 30 min after sectioning of the hepatic vagus branch in five experimental conditions: a normal (NCD) and a medium-fat diet (MFD) for 3 weeks, both with and without an overnight fast, and after an overloading liver glycogen protocol (normal diet). All experiments were conducted using anesthetized, adrenodemedullated rats. Blood was collected before and after (30 min) the hepatic vagotomy (HV) or a sham operation (SHM). As expected, liver glycogen levels were significantly (< 0.01) lower in the fasted than in the fed condition, and were approximately 50% higher (p < 0.01) in the overloaded than in the normally fed condition. Basal insulin concentrations were also lower (p < 0.01) in the fasted compared to the fed groups, but were significantly (p < 0.01) increased by the medium-fat diet. Plasma glucose levels were significantly (p < 0.01) decreased by the overnight fast, but were not affected by the hepatic vagotomy. Plasma catecholamine concentrations were similar in all experimental conditions. Insulin concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by the HV, compared to SHM rats, in all experimental conditions (from 50% to 75%). The extent of this response was altered by the diet manipulations as the HV-induced insulin increase was greater (p < 0.01) in the MID than in the NCD groups, whether fed or fasted. Furthermore, and contrary to our expectations, high hepatic glycogen contents did not reduce the insulin response to an acute hepatic vagotomy. These results indicate that the insulin increase induced by an acute HV is influenced by the prevailing metabolic conditions, and suggest that the hepatic vagus nerve exerts a constant inhibition on insulin secretion, independently of the hepatic glycogen content.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of an acute hepatic vagotomy on plasma insulin and catecholamines levels in fasted and fed rats with and without adrenodemedullation. Rats were first divided into two groups: adrenodemedullated (ADM) and non-adrenodemedullated rats, each group being subdivided into a normally fed and a fasted (14 hrs) group. Anesthetized rats were first ADM or sham operated, and a jugular catheter was inserted. The first blood sample was taken 30 min later (time 0). Rats were then hepatic vagotomized (HV) or sham operated, and the second blood sample was taken 30 min after the HV. Results (0 vs 30 min) indicate an increase in plasma glucose, epinephrine, and norepinephrine concentrations in rats non-adrenodemedullated. This effect was independent of the nutritional state and the integrity of the vagus nerve. A weakly significant (P0.07) effect of the HV on insulin response was found in ADM rats, independently of the fed or fast state (different levels of hepatic glycogen content). These results indicate the necessity of using ADM animals to study the effects of an acute HV. They also suggest that the hepato-pancreatic axis is not influenced by the level of hepatic glycogen.

The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of 2-mercaptoacetate (MA), an inhibitor of hepatic fatty acid oxidation, on the metabolic and pancreatic hormone response to a prolonged (3 h) swimming exercise. All rats were first adrenodemedullated and were either submitted for 3 weeks to a normal (5% fat) or a medium-fat diet (MF; 18% fat). After being submitted to an exercise swimming habituation programme for one week, rats under both dietary conditions were either injected with a bolus dose of MA (600 mumol/kg; ip) or with a saline solution. MA and saline injected rats were either sacrificed after a 3-h swimming exercise or after a 3-h resting period. Administration of MA was associated with a lower level of beta-hydroxybutyrate after exercise in rats fed the MF diet, higher resting and exercising blood glucose levels in rats fed the MF diet, and higher resting and exercising levels of hepatic glycogen in rats fed a normal diet. There were, however, no significant effects of MA on free fatty acid, insulin, glucagon, epinephrine, and norepinephrine concentrations in both dietary conditions either at rest or after exercise. Therefore, the present data do not provide any evidence that the administration of MA, an inhibitor of hepatic fatty acid oxidation, influences the pancreatic hormonal response to exercise. There was also no evidence of a lowering effect of MA on blood glucose levels during exercise.

We are reporting a case of spontaneous liver rupture, occurring in a para V, and secondary to gravidic toxemia.