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1. Risk of low bone density in women attending menopause clinics in Italy

Author

E. Pasinetti, V. Azzini, G. Mandruzzato, N. A. Giulini, D. Mossotto, P. Pesando, U. Bellati, P. A. Todaro, C. Cetera, E. Cirese, S. Garofalo, P. Bellardini, G. Donini, E. Di Gioia, P. D. Rattazzi, Mauro Costa, F. Bertelli, L. Massacesi, G. B. Serra, F. Dolci, S. Garzarelli, L. Falasca, M. Buonerba, F. Tirozzi, P. Amantea, L. Marino, C. Malanetto, D. Salvatores, G. Polizzotti, C. Minervini, M. Fabiani, P. Pupita, E. Bocchin, F. Repetti, G. Cecchini, S. Votano, G. Gentile, C. Donati Sarti, S. Winkler, V. Levi D'Ancona, L. Pacilli, A. Melani, F. Petraglia, M. Penotti, M. Mucci, P. Cristiani, A. Viani, G. Del Frate, A. Lanzone, G. Comitini, P. Tartaglino, Bacchi Modena, M. Massobrio, C. Romanini, V. Marsoni, C. Donadio, C. Gigli, G. Buoso, S. Bennici, R. A. Genazzani, G. Scarselli, B. A. Samaja, V. De Leo, C. Campagnoli, G. Dolfin, G. Cicchetti, V. Zacchi, M. Vaccari, F. Raffaelli, A. Careccia, S. Bottino, P. Ciccarelli, G. Giarre, L. Spagnuolo, R. Fraioli, C. Angeloni, G. Meli, S. Quaranta, E. Esposito, Q. Di Nisio, U. Omodei, P. Di Donato, Francesco Raspagliesi, E. Arisi, C. Santilli, D. De Aloysio, G. Balsotti, M. Gamper, C. Belloni, R. Sposetti, E. Baldaccini, C. M. Bossi, M. Luerti, D. Colombo, G. Zandonini, Fabio Parazzini, P. Curiel, D. Ferrante, and G. Stellin

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Outpatient Clinics, Hospital, Obstetrics, business.industry, Smoking, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Menopause, Cross-Sectional Studies, Italy, Bone Density, Risk Factors, Odds Ratio, medicine, Low bone density, Humans, Female, business, Contraceptives, Oral
Abstract

In order to offer data on the epidemiological profile of women with low bone density (LBD), we have considered information collected in the framework of a large cross-sectional study conducted on women around menopause attending a network of first level outpatients menopause clinics in Italy.During 1997 and 2000, a large cross sectional study was conducted on the characteristics of women around menopause attending a network of first level outpatients menopause clinics in Italy for general counseling about menopause or treatment of menopausal symptoms. Eligible for the study were women consecutively observed during the study period. Up to March 2000 a total of 42464 women (mean age 53 years) were observed at the 268 participating centers. Bone mass density was measured in 25113 cases, which are considered in this analysis. LBD (i.e. osteopenia or osteoporosis) was defined according to WHO classification.The frequency of LBD increased with age: in comparison with women agedor =51 years, the odds ratio (OR) of LBD was 1.5 and 2.2, respectively, in women aged 52-55 andor =56. No association emerged between LBD and parity: in comparison with nulliparae, the OR of LBD were 1.1 and 1.0, respectively, in women reported 1 or 2 or more full term pregnancies. Smokers were at increased risk of LBD, the corresponding OR being for smokers, in comparison with non smokers, 1.2 (95% confidence interval, CI, 1.1-1.3). In comparison with women in the lower tertile of body mass index, the OR of LBD decreased in subsequent tertiles, being, respectively, 0.9 and 0.7 in the middle and highest tertile. The OR of LBD was 2.2 in postmenopausal women, in comparison with premenopausal ones and the OR decreased increasing age at menopause. Ever OC users were at slightly decreased risk of LBD: in comparison with never OC users, the OR was 0.9 (95% CI 0.8-1.0) in ever OC users.The results of this large study confirm, in a Southern European population, the association of age at menopause and body mass on the risk of LBD, and suggest that ever OC women are at decreased risk of LBD.

Published
2002
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2. Risk factors for genital prolapse in non-hysterectomized women around menopause

Author

Francesco Raspagliesi, P. Curiel, D. Ferrante, A. Careccia, D. Salvatores, S. Bottino, G. Stellin, F. Tirozzi, G. Dolfin, P. Ciccarelli, G. Giarre, L. Spagnuolo, P. Pesando, U. Bellati, R. Fraioli, G. Donini, C. Santilli, C. Angeloni, G. Meli, L. Marino, C. Malanetto, G. Zandonini, U. Omodei, V. Levi D'Ancona, G. Polizzotti, P. Di Donato, E. Pasinetti, A. Melani, M. Gamper, F. Repetti, G. Mandruzzato, Fabio Parazzini, C. Minervini, P. Pupita, G. Del Frate, G. Comitini, V. Zacchi, R. Sposetti, Q. Di Nisio, B. Modena, M. Fabiani, S. Garofalo, P. A. Todaro, G. B. Serra, F. Dolci, M. Massobrio, A. Lanzone, P. Bellardini, F. Petraglia, P. D. Rattazzi, E. Di Gioia, Mauro Costa, S. Winkler, G. Cicchetti, F. Bertelli, L. Pacilli, S. Votano, V. Marsoni, F. Raffaelli, C. Campagnoli, D. De Aloysio, V. Azzini, S. Garzarelli, C. Gigli, D. Mossotto, C. Cetera, E. Bocchin, G. Cecchini, C. Donati Sarti, M. Mucci, S. Bennici, E. Baldaccini, A. Viani, C. Donadio, C. M. Bossi, M. Luerti, D. Colombo, C. Romanini, G. Gentile, P. Cristiani, G. Buoso, G. Scarselli, M. Vaccari, M. Penotti, R. A. Genazzani, B. A. Samaja, V. De Leo, P. Tartaglino, E. Cirese, L. Falasca, P. Amantea, M. Buonerba, N. A. Giulini, S. Quaranta, E. Esposito, E. Arisi, G. Balsotti, C. Belloni, and L. Massacesi

Subjects
Menopause, medicine.medical_specialty, Reproductive Medicine, Obstetrics, business.industry, Cross-sectional study, Epidemiology, medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sex organ, business, medicine.disease
Published
2000
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3. Determinants of hysterectomy and oophorectomy in women attending menopause clinics in Italy

Author

F. Tirozzi, E. Arisi, L. Marino, C. Malanetto, G. Balsotti, C. Belloni, C. Gigli, L. Massacesi, D. De Aloysio, A. Careccia, S. Bennici, S. Bottino, M. Penotti, C. Minervini, S. Winkler, F. Repetti, G. Dolfin, V. Levi D'Ancona, P. Ciccarelli, U. Bellati, G. Giarre, E. Baldaccini, B. Modena, S. Garzarelli, V. Marsoni, P. Di Donato, A. Lanzone, Francesco Raspagliesi, C. M. Bossi, M. Luerti, D. Colombo, C. Santilli, E. Pasinetti, R. A. Genazzani, G. Zandonini, B. A. Samaja, M. Gamper, F. Raffaelli, V. De Leo, L. Spagnuolo, G. Comitini, R. Sposetti, R. Fraioli, A. Melani, L. Falasca, C. Angeloni, G. Meli, Fabio Parazzini, M. Vaccari, E. Di Gioia, Mauro Costa, F. Petraglia, P. Curiel, D. Ferrante, U. Omodei, P. A. Todaro, N. A. Giulini, G. B. Serra, F. Dolci, G. Donini, S. Garofalo, P. Bellardini, S. Quaranta, G. Cicchetti, P. Tartaglino, G. Stellin, P. Amantea, P. D. Rattazzi, E. Esposito, F. Bertelli, Q. Di Nisio, C. Donadio, V. Zacchi, C. Campagnoli, G. Gentile, E. Cirese, P. Cristiani, G. Mandruzzato, E. Bocchin, S. Votano, G. Cecchini, C. Donati Sarti, G. Polizzotti, M. Mucci, P. Pesando, M. Fabiani, L. Pacilli, M. Buonerba, P. Pupita, V. Azzini, D. Mossotto, C. Cetera, C. Romanini, G. Buoso, G. Scarselli, A. Viani, D. Salvatores, G. Del Frate, and M. Massobrio

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Cross-sectional study, Ovariectomy, medicine.medical_treatment, Hysterectomy, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bilateral oophorectomy, Body Mass Index, Epidemiology, Odds Ratio, medicine, Humans, Aged, Uterine Diseases, Gynecology, business.industry, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oophorectomy, Mean age, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Menopause, Cross-Sectional Studies, Italy, Educational Status, Women's Health, Female, business, Body mass index
Abstract

Objective: To analyse determinants of hysterectomy for benign uterine conditions with or without oophorectomy in Italy, a country with among the lowest rates of hysterectomy worldwide. Methods: Between 1997 and 1999, a large cross sectional study was conducted on the characteristics of women around menopause attending a network of first level outpatients menopause clinics in Italy for general counselling about menopause or treatment of menopausal symptoms. A total of 25 644 women entered the study. Characteristics of women who underwent and women who did not undergo hysterectomy and oophorectomy were compared. Results: Out of the 25644 women considered, 4727 were hysterectomized (18.4%). Mean age at surgery was 46.8 years. The OR of hysterectomy decreased with increasing educational level: in comparison with women with primary and none education, the OR of hysterectomy was 0.8 (95% CI 0.7-0.9) and 0.6 (95% CI 0.5 0.7) respectively for women with intermediate or high university degree. Body mass index (BMI, kg m -2 ) was related to the frequency of hysterectomy; in comparison with women with BMI ≤ 23.8, the OR of hysterectomy was 1.2 (95% CI 1.1 1.3) and 1.4 (95% CI 1.2-1.5) respectively for women with a BMI 23.8-27.2 and > 27.2. The frequency, of bilateral oophorectomy increased with age at hysterectomy: in comparison with women who have had hysterectomy when aged ≤43 years, the OR of bilateral oophorectomy during hysterectomy was respectively 1.9, 3.4 and 4.3 in women who had hysterectomy at age 44 47, 48 51 and > 52 years. The frequency of bilateral oophorectomy was lower in more educated women: in comparison with women reporting none or primary degree the OR was 1.0 and 0.8 respectively for women with intermediate and high university degree. Conclusions: The results of this analysis indicate that hysterectomy for benign conditions is more frequently performed in less educated women, in nulliparae and in women with higher BMI. During hysterectomy for benign conditions, bilateral oophorectomy is more frequent in less educated women and its frequency increases with women's age.

Published
2000
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4. Factors associated with total cholesterol levels in women around menopause attending menopause clinics in Italy

Author

D Agostinelli, S. Quaranta, D. Salvatores, G. Borsellino, A. Pistoni, M. Mincigrucci, G Barese, Gw Vinci, F Sirimarco, Giuseppe A. Palumbo, A Cardone, W Favale, E. Esposito, Ar Genazzani, M Gambacciani, P Mastrantonio, L Palombi, R Lai, F. Sticotti, E. Cirese, E. Di Gioia, M. Buonerba, A Spadafora, U. Omodei, A Cardamone, L. Spagnuolo, R Arienzo, I. Pierangeli, G. Gambarino, S. Rastelli, S Panariello, G Fischetti, P. Pesando, A Coco, L Cincotta, Costa, F Carlomagno, R. Fraioli, A. Cordone, Vl D'Ancona, R Tesauro, M. Campanella, Pd Rattazzi, C. Angeloni, M Di Masi, G Senatore, F. Tirozzi, G Ruccia, G. Meli, Gb Massi, R Graziano, L. Massacesi, A Fasolino, G. Gentile, Pa Todaro, A Amoroso, D. Rossaro, G Masciari, P. Cristiani, Ar Pastore, D. Mossotto, C. Cetera, L. Falasca, E Balclaccini, L. Marino, C. Malanetto, P Pirillo, G Nacci, Sl di Savena, Ce Boninfante, L Di Prisco, A Bono, F Specchiale, M Mezzatesta, Giovanni Luca Gravina, G. Cecchini, Ll Calsi, A Romani, A Repici, Na Giulini, M. Mucci, Gr Lai, A D'Amore, R Emilia, G. Zandonini, A Lupo, M. Fabiani, Gioffrè T, G Casarella, G Corrado, Vb Ercolano, P. Di Donato, A Scopelliti, R. Pignalosa, Eb Cocca, Francesco Raspagliesi, A. Lanzone, P Pietrobattista, De Leo, G. Polizzotti, C. Zompicchiatti, D. Dodero, F. Dolci, Q. Di Nisio, S. Votano, P. Bellardini, G. Buoso, G. Scarselli, Ss Giovanni, A Pascarella, M. Penotti, Laneve, A Dimaggio, E. Candiotto, G De Placido, F. Ognissanti, A Cascianini, P. Pinto, G. Del Frate, N Lauda, S Bircolotti, R Sorrentino, F Fiorillo, S Dessole, A Cordopatri, G Trombetta, C Agrimi, Cd Sarti, A Bonomo, S Schiliro, Sa D'Andrea, M. Gamper, R. Sposetti, Cm Bossi, Fabio Parazzini, G. Comitini, U. Bellati, G Ferraro, A Brun, Coppola, S. Golinelli, A Mondo, P. Curiel, D. Ferrante, F Nocera, F Cancellieri, P Ceccarelli, F. Repetti, A. Viani, C. Belloni, A. Elia, Marsoni, A. Careccia, G Romagnoli, G. Spinelli, M Carrubba, G Valentino, A. Melani, P. Pupita, F. Cappa, Monti, C. Santilli, F Tinelli, E Bergamini, P Alpinelli, Mc Maolo, G. Giarre, G Giannone, G. Stellin, F Del Savio, G Marongiu, A Orlando, D Gullo, C Giannola, S Ronzini, A. Storace, A Tamburrino, M. Luerti, D. Colombo, P Procaccioli, R Liguori, Er Poddi, B. De Pasquale, F. Gualdi, S Cosci, S D'Asta, Nicola Colacurci, E. Arisi, C. Donadio, C Ferruccio, G Gacci, N D'Angelo, L. Del Pup, P Vadala, L Colonna, S Schonauer, Sd del Friuli, F Scarpello, Mazzola, M. Vaccari, G. Cicchetti, M. Gallo, Cm Stigliano, Sc Nigro, G Vegna, Trojano, P. Tartaglino, E. Bocchin, G De Carlo, Mg De Silvio, Ba Samaja, L di Romagna, G. Donini, G. Masellis, F Bongiovanni, E. Pasinetti, N. Natale, G Galati, D. Marchesoni, A. Ollago, Ab Modena, C. Gigli, Azzini, A. Tarani, R Doria, Antonio Chiantera, A...Less Papotto, G. Dolfin, P Tropea, S. Garzarelli, R Barretta, G Santeufemia, G Pisaturo, and S Izzo

Subjects
Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, Cross-sectional study, business.industry, Cholesterol, Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Menopause, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Total cholesterol, Epidemiology, medicine, business, Body mass index
Published
2004

5. Factors associated with climacteric symptoms in women around menopause attending menopause clinics in Italy.

Author

Di Donato P, Giulini NA, Bacchi Modena A, Cicchetti G, Comitini G, Gentile G, Cristiani P, Careccia A, Esposito E, Gualdi F, Golinelli S, Bergamini E, Masellis G, Rastelli S, Gigli C, Elia A, Marchesoni D, Sticotti F, Del Frate G, Zompicchiatti C, Marino L, Costa MR, Pinto P, Dodero D, Storace A, Spinelli G, Quaranta S, Bossi CM, Ollago A, Omodei U, Vaccari M, Luerti M, Repetti F, Zandonini G, Raspagliesi F, Dolci F, Gambarino G, De Pasquale B, Polizzotti G, Borsellino G, Alpinelli P, Natale N, Colombo D, Belloni C, Viani A, Cecchini G, Vinci GW, Samaja BA, Pasinetti E, Penotti M, Ognissanti F, Pesando P, Malanetto C, Gallo M, Dolfin G, Tartaglino P, Mossotto D, Pistoni A, Tarani A, Rattazzi PD, Rossaro D, Campanella M, Arisi E, Gamper M, Salvatores D, Bocchin E, Stellin G, Meli G, Azzini V, Tirozzi F, Buoso G, Fraioli R, Marsoni V, Cetera C, Sposetti R, Candiotto E, Sposetti R, Candiotto E, Pignalosa R, Del Pup L, Bellati U, Angeloni C, Buonerba M, Garzarelli S, Santilli C, Mucci M, Di Nisio Q, Cappa F, Pierangeli I, Cordone A, Falasca L, Ferrante D, Cirese E, Todaro PA, Spagnuolo L, Lanzone A, Donadio C, Fabiani M, Baldaccini E, Votano S, Bellardini P, Favale W, Pietrobattista V, Massacesi L, Donini G, Del Savio F, Palombi L, Procaccioli P, Romani A, Romagnoli G, Genazzani AR, Gambacciani M, Scarselli G, Curiel P, De Leo V, Melani A, Levi D'Ancona V, Giarrè G, Di Gioia E, Ceccarelli P, Massi GB, Cosci S, Gacci G, Cascianini A, Donati Sarti C, Bircolotti S, Pupita P, Mincigrucci M, Spadafora A, Santeufemia G, Marongiu G, Lai GR, Lai R, Dessole S, D'Andrea SA, Coppola, Chiantera A, De Placido, Arienzo R, Pastore AR, Tamburrino A, Cardone A, Colacurci N, Izzo S, Tesauro R, Pascarella A, De Silvio MG, Di Prisco L, Lauda N, Sirimarco F, Agrimi C, Casarella G, Senatore G, Ronzini S, Ruccia G, De Carlo G, Pisaturo G, Carlomagno F, Fasolino A, Fiorillo F, Sorrentino R, Ercolano VB, Panariello S, Brun A, Tropea P, Stigliano CM, Amoroso A, Vadalà P, Coco A, Galati G, Barese G, Masciari G, Pirillo P, Gioffrè T, Mastrantonio P, Cardamone A, D'Angelo N, Valentino G, Barretta R, Ferraro G, Ferruccio C, Agostinelli D, Corrado G, Scopelliti A, Schonauer S, Trojano V, Bongiovanni F, Tinelli F, Poddi ER, Scarpello F, Colonna L, Fischetti G, Doria R, Trombetta G, Cocca EB, D'Amore A, Di Masi M, Liguori R, Dimaggio A, Laneve MR, Maolo MC, Gravina G, Nacci G, Nocera F, Lupo A, Giannola C, Graziano R, Mezzatesta M, Vegna G, Giannone G, Palumbo G, Cancellieri F, Mondo A, Cordopatri A, Carrubba M, Mazzola V, Cincotta L, D'Asta S, Bono A, Li Calsi L, Cavallaro Nigro S, Schilirò S, Repici A, Gullo D, Orlando A, Specchiale F, Papotto A, Angeloni, D'Andrea, Stigliano, Arienzo, Di Donato, Giulini, Gigli, Todaro, Marino, Luerti, Donini, Ferrante, Dolfin, Poddi, Santeufemia, Nocera, Melani, Arisi, Mincigrucci, Salvatores, Bocchin, Massacesi A, Chiantera A, De Aloysio P, Omodei U, Ognissanti F, Campagnoli C, Penotti M, Gambacciani A, Graziottin A, Baldi C, Colacurci N, Tonti GC, Parazzini F, Chatenoud L, and Donati Sarti C

Subjects
Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Body Mass Index, Climacteric psychology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression epidemiology, Diet, Educational Status, Female, Headache epidemiology, Hot Flashes epidemiology, Humans, Italy epidemiology, Logistic Models, Marital Status, Menopause psychology, Middle Aged, Reproductive History, Smoking, Ambulatory Care Facilities statistics & numerical data, Climacteric physiology, Menopause physiology
Abstract

Objective: To obtain data on correlates of climacteric symptoms in women around menopause attending menopause clinics in Italy., Methods: Since 1997 a large cross sectional study has been conducted on the characteristics of women around menopause attending a network of first level menopause outpatient's clinics in Italy. A total of 66,501 (mean age 54.4 years) women are considered in the present paper., Results: The odds ratios of moderate and severe hot flashes/night sweats were lower in more educated women and (for severe symptoms only) in women reporting regular physical activity. Depression, difficulty to sleep, forgetfulness and irritability tended to be less frequent in more educated women and (depression only) in women reporting regular physical activity. Parous women reported more frequently these symptoms., Conclusions: This large study confirms in Southern European population that low education, body mass index and low physical activity are associated with climacteric symptoms. Parous women are at greater risk of psychological symptoms.

Published
2005
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6. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes in women attending menopause clinics in Italy: a cross-sectional study.

Author

Di Donato P, Giulini NA, Bacchi Modena A, Cicchetti G, Comitini G, Gentile G, Cristiani P, Careccia A, Esposito E, Gualdi F, Golinelli S, Bergamini E, Masellis G, Rastelli S, Gigli C, Elia A, Marchesoni D, Sticotti F, Del Frate G, Zompicchiatti C, Marino L, Costa MR, Pinto P, Dodero D, Storace A, Spinelli G, Quaranta S, Bossi CM, Ollago A, Omodei U, Vaccari M, Luerti M, Repetti F, Zandonini G, Raspagliesi F, Dolci F, Gambarino G, De Pasquale B, Polizzotti G, Borsellino G, Alpinelli P, Natale N, Colombo D, Belloni C, Viani A, Cecchini G, Vinci GW, Samaja BA, Pasinetti E, Penotti M, Ognissanti F, Pesando P, Malanetto C, Gallo M, Dolfin G, Tartaglino P, Mossotto D, Pistoni A, Tarani A, Rattazzi PD, Rossaro D, Campanella M, Arisi E, Gamper M, Salvatores D, Bocchin E, Stellin G, Meli G, Azzini V, Tirozzi F, Buoso G, Fraioli R, Marsoni V, Cetera C, Sposetti R, Candiotto E, Pignalosa R, Del Pup L, Bellati U, Angeloni C, Buonerba M, Garzarelli S, Santilli C, Mucci M, Di Nisio Q, Cappa F, Pierangeli I, Cordone A, Falasca L, Ferrante D, Serra GB, Cirese E, Todaro PA, Romanini C, Spagnuolo L, Lanzone A, Donadio C, Fabiani M, Baldaccini E, Votano S, Bellardini P, Favale W, Monti V, Bonomo A, Boninfante CE, Pietrobattista P, Massacesi L, Donini G, Del Savio F, Palombi L, Procaccioli P, Romani A, Romagnoli G, Genazzani AR, Gambacciani M, Scarselli G, Curiel P, De Leo V, Melani A, Levi D'Ancona V, Giarrè G, Di Gioia E, Ceccarelli P, Massi GB, Cosci S, Gacci G, Cascianini A, Donati Sarti C, Bircolotti S, Pupita P, Mincigrucci M, Spadafora A, Santeufemia G, Marongiu G, Lai GR, Lai R, Dessole S, D'Andrea SA, Coppola, Chiantera A, De Placido, Arienzo R, Pastore AR, Tamburrino A, Cardone A, Colacurci N, Izzo S, Tesauro R, Pascarella A, De Silvio MG, Di Prisco L, Lauda N, Sirimarco F, Agrimi C, Casarella G, Senatore G, Ronzini S, Ruccia G, De Carlo G, Pisaturo G, Carlomagno F, Fasolino A, Fiorillo F, Sorrentino R, Ercolano VB, Panariello S, Brun A, Tropea P, Stigliano CM, Amoroso A, Vadalà P, Coco A, Galati G, Barese G, Masciari G, Pirillo P, Gioffrè T, Mastrantonio P, Cardamone A, D'Angelo N, Valentino G, Barretta R, Ferraro G, Ferruccio C, Agostinelli D, Corrado G, Scopelliti A, Schonauer S, Trojano V, Bongiovanni F, Tinelli F, Poddi ER, Scarpello F, Colonna L, Fischetti G, Doria R, Trombetta G, Cocca EB, D'Amore A, Di Masi M, Liguori R, Dimaggio A, Laneve MR, Maolo MC, Gravina G, Nacci G, Nocera F, Lupo A, Giannola C, Graziano R, Mezzatesta M, Vegna G, Giannone G, Palumbo G, Cancellieri F, Mondo A, Cordopatri A, Carrubba M, Mazzola V, Cincotta L, D'Asta S, Bono A, Li Calsi L, Cavallaro Nigro S, Schilirò S, Repici A, Gullo D, Orlando A, Specchiale F, Papotto A, Abruzzo, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Emilia, Romagna, Giulia FV, Lazio, Liguria, Lombardia, Marche, Molise, Piemonte, Puglia, Sardegna, Sicilia, Toscana, Adige TA, Umbria, D'Aosta V, Veneto, Massacesi A, Chiantera A, Donati Sarti C, De Aloysio P, Omodei U, Ognissanti F, Campagnoli C, Penotti M, Gambacciani A, Graziottin A, Baldi C, Colacurci N, Corrado Tonti G, Parazzini F, and Chatenoud L

Subjects
Age Distribution, Ambulatory Care Facilities, Cross-Sectional Studies, Educational Status, Female, Hormone Replacement Therapy, Humans, Italy epidemiology, Middle Aged, Motor Activity, Multivariate Analysis, Obesity epidemiology, Odds Ratio, Risk Factors, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 epidemiology, Menopause
Abstract

Objective: To analyze risk factors for type 2 diabetes among women attending menopause clinics in Italy for counselling about the menopause., Subjects: Women attending a network of first-level outpatient menopause clinics in Italy for general counselling about menopause or treatment of menopausal symptoms., Methods: Cross-sectional study with no exclusion criteria. Type 2 diabetes was defined according to National Diabetes Data Groups Indications and the fasting blood glucose at an oral glucose tolerance test within the previous year., Results: Out of the 44 694 considered in this analysis, 808 had a diagnosis of diabetes type 2 (1.8%). In comparison with women aged < 50 years, the multivariate odds ratios (OR) of type 2 diabetes were 1.31 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.99-1.74) for women aged 50-52 years, 1.66 (95% CI, 1.27-2.17) at 53-56 years and 2.84 (95% CI, 2.20-3.67) in women aged > or = 57 years. Type 2 diabetes was less frequently reported in more educated women (OR high school/university vs. primary school = 0.44 (95% CI, 0.36-0.55)). Being overweight was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In comparison with women reporting a low level of physical activity, the multivariate OR of type 2 diabetes was 0.67 (95% CI, 0.54-0.84) for women reporting regular physical activity. In comparison with premenopausal women, the multivariate OR of type 2 diabetes was 1.38 (95% CI, 1.03-1.84) in women with natural menopause. This finding was present also after allowing for the potential confounding effect of age. The multivariate OR of diabetes for users of hormonal replacement therapy was 0.58 (95% CI, 0.46-0.73)., Conclusions: This large cross-sectional study suggests that postmenopausal women are at higher risk of type 2 diabetes after allowance for the effect of age. Other main determinants of risk of type 2 diabetes in women around menopause were low socioeconomic status and being overweight. Diabetes was found less frequently in those taking hormone replacement therapy.

Published
2005
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