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The ability to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy by piezoelectric materials makes them suitable alternatives to use in energy harvesters. So, the efficiency of a piezoelectric energy harvester is the main limitation. One of the desired approaches to increase efficiency is using a piezoelectric array in the harvester. In this paper, a numerical method has been used for the comparative study of series and parallel array behavior in different types of input force. The effect of input force type, frequency of input force, and type of array connection on energy harvester efficiency with the proposed design have been investigated. Numerical results have been verified with experiments. Results indicated that a series connection can produce 2.2 times the maximum voltage larger than a parallel connection. Also, they show that the input force shape function is the effective parameter for a piezoelectric energy harvester with an array structure. The results show a similar effect of the input force shape function on the behavior of piezoelectrics in both types of electric connections (parallel or series). In general, it can be seen that the waveform of the output voltage after applying the load with a square function was similar to its function. Also, the change in the parameters of the input force with the sinusoidal function causes a direct change in the same character of the generated voltage waveform.

Particulate separation has many applications in medicine, biology and industry. In this research, the separation of polystyrene particles with a diameter of 10, 20 and 30 μm in the fluid flow of a microchannel is investigated. The microchannel consists of a spiral region and a straight region under the influence of acoustic waves. In the spiral region, the particles under hydrodynamic effects undergo the initial separation; then the particles enter the straight region of the microchannel, and the final separation of the particles is done by the force generated and exerted through the acoustic waves. The effects of acoustic frequency and the number of spiral region loops on separation are investigated. The results show that for measured dimensions and parameters, at 1 MHz acoustic wave, when the number of loops is 2 for the spiral region, the particles at the end of the path are in a suitable position for separation. In addition, the results show that the separation of particles with this hybrid system is better than that done by the simple methods, and the separation rate can be as high as 100%

Abstract Background & Aim: Needle stick injuries as one of the most common occupational injuries in nursing are very important because of their potential risk of transmission of blood-borne infectious disease. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of needle stick injuries and its related factors among nursing staff. Material & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 120 nursing staff of Saqqez Imam Khomeini's Hospital was recruited by census in 2014. Data was collected by needle stick injuries questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent T-test, Fisher's exact test and Chi -Square using PASW ( Predictive Analytics Software). Results: from a total of 120 nurses, 53 (44.2%) had a history of needle stick injuries in the last year. Comparing to other nurses, those with needle sticks injury were younger (p=0.01) and had less work experience (p=0.03). A total of 111 nurses (92.5%) had been vaccinated against hepatitis B and there was a significant relationship between hepatitis B vaccination and needle stick injuries (p=0.03). Only 14 nurses (11.7%) had reported their needle stick injuries. Conclusion: Regarding the high frequency of needle stick injuries in nursing staff, nursing managers should consider preventive approaches such as maintaining safety measures in work environment, providing complete vaccination coverage and a reliable reporting system to confront with this problem.

Many changes of female reproductive system are based on the vascular activity and blood flow. In ovarian follicular development, re-anastomosis is critical and permits cells and oocytes to utilize nutrients as well as the hormones. Moreover, it plays a main role in corpus luteum formation. Female reproductive system undergoes several angiogenesis programs which are considered essential in order to reach a follicle to preovulatory stage and to set up a network between granulosa cells and blood vessels through the theca layer. Up to the first 3 days after transplantation and reanastomosis start, a large number of follicles especially advanced types, begin an early death due to their severe dependence on nutrients of blood supply. Loss of the nutritional sources of granulosa cells leads to a decrease in survival and supporting factors and thus, cell death increases. Considering the importance of this issue, the present study intends to investigate the activity of angiogenic and apoptotic factors in transplanted ovarian tissue.

Developing countries, including Iran, have a high degree of volatility of macroeconomic variables. Fluctuations inex change rate, bank interest rate and inflation rate can create insecure environment for in vestorsin Iran. Hence, this study examined the impact of macroeconomic variables on the Tobin’s Q index for the Sugar companies of Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) during the period between1380-1390. A panel data model in the form of random-effects analysis was performed. The results indicate that the exchange rate, inflation rate and therate of return onassetshavean insignificant negative impact on the Tobin’s Q index. Bank interest rateshave a significant negative impact, while Market value has a significant positive impact on the Tobin’s Q index.

We present a study of the hierarchical clustering of the young stellar clusters in six local (3–15 Mpc) star-forming galaxies using Hubble Space Telescope broadband WFC3/UVIS UV and optical images from the Treasury Program LEGUS (Legacy ExtraGalactic UV Survey). We identified 3685 likely clusters and associations, each visually classified by their morphology, and we use the angular two-point correlation function to study the clustering of these stellar systems. We find that the spatial distribution of the young clusters and associations are clustered with respect to each other, forming large, unbound hierarchical star-forming complexes that are in general very young. The strength of the clustering decreases with increasing age of the star clusters and stellar associations, becoming more homogeneously distributed after ∼40–60 Myr and on scales larger than a few hundred parsecs. In all galaxies, the associations exhibit a global behavior that is distinct and more strongly correlated from compact clusters. Thus, populations of clusters are more evolved than associations in terms of their spatial distribution, traveling significantly from their birth site within a few tens of Myr, whereas associations show evidence of disruption occurring very quickly after their formation. The clustering of the stellar systems resembles that of a turbulent interstellar medium that drives the star formation process, correlating the components in unbound star-forming complexes in a hierarchical manner, dispersing shortly after formation, suggestive of a single, continuous mode of star formation across all galaxies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is the first modeling exercise to assess the impacts of climate change on the current and future global distribution of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Bt is a common Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium widely distributed in various environments, including soil and water. It is widely recognized as a source of effective and safe agricultural biopesticides for pest management in various climatic regions globally. In the present work, ensemble species distribution models were developed for Bt based on the generalized linear model (GLM), generalized boosting model (GBM), random forest (RF), and maximum entropy (MaxEnt) under two distinct scenarios, SSP2-4.5 (optimistic) and SSP5-8.5 (pessimistic) for the year of 2050, 2070, and 2090. The performance of our models was evaluated based on true skill statistics (TSS) and the area under the receiver-operator curve (AUC) indices. Both AUC and TSS values were observed in an acceptable range, with AUC at 0.84 and TSS at 0.512, respectively. Results indicate that most of the areas currently suitable for Bt will likely remain stable in the future, particularly Central America, Central and South Africa, South Asia, and parts of Oceania. Norway, Peru, and the UK will have notable habitat gains by 2090 based on SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. On the contrary, Serbia, Guinea, Poland, Croatia, Spain and Romania showed notable losses under both scenarios. Our results underscore Bt potential to improve pest control, crop yields, and environmental sustainability, especially in regions where agriculture is predominant. Our research highlights the need to understand ecological dynamics for future conservation and agricultural planning in the face of climate change., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Childbirth experience is a unique event that involves psychological and physiological aspects influenced by social, environmental, organizational, and political factors. In 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced 56 recommendations for ensuring a positive childbirth experience at different stages of labor and delivery. Owing to the importance of implementing these guidelines, we have chosen to assess adherence to the WHO recommendations and their association with the fear and experience of childbirth., Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on women hospitalized in the labor departments of the Al-Zahra and Taleghani Educational centers in Tabriz, Iran from 2023 to 2024. Sampling was performed via a convenience method, and data were collected via sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire, childbirth experience questionnaire.2 (CEQ.2), delivery fear scale (DFS), and the WHO recommendation checklist. The data were analyzed via Pearson correlation, independent t tests, one-way analysis of variance, and a general linear model (GLM)., Results: The average adherence score to the WHO recommendations among the women studied was 36.4 (SD 9.3), out of a range of 0-56. There was a significant negative correlation between adherence to the recommendations and delivery fear (r = - 0.249; p < 0.001) and a significant positive correlation with childbirth experience (r = 0.414; p < 0.001). The GLM results, after adjusting for sociodemographic variables, revealed a significant increase in positive childbirth experience with increasing adherence score (B = 0.01; 95% CI 0.005 to 0.02, p = 0.001) and a nonsignificant association between delivery fear and adherence score (B = - 0.1; 95% CI - 0.4 to 0.04, p = 0.114)., Conclusion: This study highlights the need to improve the implementation of WHO recommendations in educational and therapeutic centers and to consider various factors that affect the experience and fear of childbirth. Policymakers and medical center managers should place greater emphasis on training, monitor the complete implementation of the recommendations, and provide psychological and social support to pregnant women. This approach can help improve the childbirth experience, reduce delivery fear, and increase the preference for natural childbirth., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, with the code IR.TBZMED.REC.1400.777. Before participation, the researcher thoroughly explained the study’s objectives and methodologies to all participants. Informed written consent was obtained from each participant, affirming their voluntary involvement and understanding of the study’s purpose and procedures. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

At cryogenic temperatures, the photoluminescence spectrum of CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs) usually consists of multiple emission lines, the origin of which is still under debate. While there seems to be consensus that both neutral excitons and trions contribute to the NPL emission, the prominent role of trions is rather puzzling. In this work, we demonstrate that Förster resonant energy transfer in stacks of NPLs combined with hole trap states in specific NPLs within the stack trigger trion formation, while single NPL spectra are dominated by neutral excitonic emission. This interpretation is verified by implementing copper (Cu + ) dopants into the lattice as intentional hole traps. Trion emission gets strongly enhanced, and due to the large amount of hole trapping Cu + states in each single NPL, trion formation does not necessarily require stacking of NPLs. Thus, the ratio between trion and neutral exciton emission can be controlled by either changing the amount of stacked NPLs during sample preparation or implementing copper dopants into the lattice which act as additional hole traps.

Semiconductor colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) have emerged as a promising class of gain materials to be used in colloidal lasers. Although low gain thresholds are achieved, the required high gain coefficient levels are barely met for the applications of electrically-driven lasers which entails a very thin gain matrix to avoid charge injection limitations. Here, "giant" CdSe@CdS colloidal quantum well heterostructures of 9.5 to 17.5 monolayers (ML) in total with corresponding vertical thickness from 3.0 to 5.8 nm that enable record optical gain is shown. These CQWs achieve ultra-high material gain coefficients up to ≈140 000 cm -1 , obtained by systematic variable stripe length (VSL) measurements and independently validated by transient absorption (TA) measurements, owing to their high number of states. This exceptional gain capacity is an order of magnitude higher than the best levels reported for the colloidal quantum dots. From the dispersion of these quantum wells, low threshold amplified spontaneous emission in water providing an excellent platform for optofluidic lasers is demonstrated. Also, employing these giant quantum wells, whispering gallery mode (WGM) lasing with an ultra-low threshold of 8 µJ cm -2 is demonstrated. These findings indicate that giant CQWs offer an exceptional platform for colloidal thin-film lasers and in-solution lasing applications., (© 2024 The Authors. Small published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Background and Objective: The HEART pathway serves as a tool for predicting major adverse cardiac events (MACE) among patients presenting with acute chest pain, aiding in early discharge of low-risk patients and reducing unnecessary cardiac investigations. This study aimed to evaluate physician-nurse reliability of the HEART pathway. Moreover investigates the efficacy of HEART pathway to predict 3-month MACE in patients with acute chest pain., Method: We conducted a prospective study on 97 patients experiencing acute chest pain. A team of three professionals - a nurse, a cardiology resident, and a cardiology attending physician - performed risk stratification. We assessed inter-rater reliability among the raters as well as explored 3-month MACE outcomes., Result: Excellent pairwise agreements were found between the raters. Overall agreement among raters was excellent, with an ICC of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.73 - 0.97). The HEART pathway score exhibited strong predictive power (AUC: 0.85) for 3-month MACE. At a cut-off score of 4, sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive values were 87.5%, 58.9%, and 95.8%, respectively., Conclusion: The HEART pathway score effectively predicts 3-month MACE in patients with acute non-traumatic chest pain. Moreover, the high agreement among the attending physician, the resident physician, and the nurse suggests that nurses could use this tool, potentially reducing the workload on physicians., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is a common procedure to improve blood flow to the heart muscles, but patients often face challenges during the recovery period. Self-efficacy and depression play crucial roles in patient outcomes. Telephone follow-up and social network follow-up have been introduced as interventions to enhance self-efficacy. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of telephone follow-up and social network follow-up on self-efficacy and depression in CABG patients., Method: The study is a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial conducted at Shahid Rajaee Heart Hospital in Tehran, Iran. The sample size was determined to be 99 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, Sullivan's cardiac self-efficacy questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Participants were assigned to three groups: control, telephone follow-up, and WhatsApp follow-up using randomization. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 25 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA)., Results: The results revealed significant improvements in self-efficacy and reductions in depression scores for both the telephone and WhatsApp follow-up groups compared to the control group following the intervention ( p   <   0.001 ). Additionally, the mean self-efficacy score was higher and the mean depression score was lower in the WhatsApp follow-up group than in the telephone follow-up group after the intervention ( p   <   0.001 )., Discussion: The findings provide valuable insights for healthcare professionals in choosing appropriate interventions to enhance patients' self-efficacy levels and improve mental health outcomes. Both telephone follow-up and social network follow-up interventions have their own advantages and can be effective in supporting patients' recovery after CABG surgery., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

Here, strongly orientation-dependent lateral photoconductivity of a CdSe monolayer colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) possessing short-chain ligands is reported. A controlled liquid-air self-assembly technique is utilized to deliberately engineer the alignments of CQWs into either face-down (FO) or edge-up (EO) orientation on the substrate as opposed to randomly oriented (RO) CQWs prepared by spin-coating. Adapting planar configuration metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors, it is found that lateral conductivity spans ≈2 orders of magnitude depending on the orientation of CQWs in the film in the case of utilizing short ligands. The long native ligands of oleic acid (OA) are exchanged with short-chain ligands of 2-ethylhexane-1-thiol (EHT) to reduce the inter-platelet distance, which significantly improved the photoresponsivity from 4.16, 0.58, and 4.79 mA W -1 to 528.7, 6.17, and 94.2 mA W -1 , for the MSM devices prepared with RO, FO, and EO, before and after ligands exchange, respectively. Such CQW orientation control profoundly impacts the photodetector performance also in terms of the detection speed (0.061 s/0.074 s for the FO, 0.048 s/0.060 s for the EO compared to 0.10 s/0.16 s for the RO, for the rise and decay time constants, respectively) and the detectivity (1.7 × 10 10 , 2.3 × 10 11 , and 7.5 × 10 11 Jones for the FO, EO, and RO devices, respectively) which can be further tailored for the desired optoelectronic device applications. Attributed to charge transportation in colloidal films being proportional to the number of hopping steps, these findings indicate that the solution-processed orientation of CQWs provides the ability to tune the photoconductivity of CQWs with short ligands as another degree of freedom to exploit and engineer their absorptive devices., (© 2024 The Authors. Small published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Background: Methotrexate (MET) is one of the most important chemotherapy agents used against various tumors and cancer diseases. One of the critical side effects of MET is inducing male infertility., Objective: The current study aimed to investigate Sertoli cell culture-conditioned medium (SCM) recovery effects on MET-induced conditions in rats., Materials and Methods: 30 mature male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 10). In the first group, rats received normal saline intraperitoneally. In the second group, animals received MET (10 mg/kg; intraperitoneally) once a week for 2 wk. The rats in the third group (MET+SCM) received MET and a single injection of SCM for 56 days post-MET administration. 56 days later, serum, epididymis, and testicular tissue samples were collected, and the animals were euthanized. Sperm parameters, serum levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone were examined. The testicular tissues were stained using hematoxylin and eosin solution, and histopathological changes were analyzed., Results: The MET-induced condition resulted in significant pathological changes in the testis, decreased hormone levels, and downregulated sperm parameters. However, SCM injection improved hormonal levels, testicular changes, and sperm parameters., Conclusion: It can be concluded that a single intra-testicular SCM injection accelerates male reproductive system recovery post-MET treatment., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Delkhosh et al.)

Background: Radial artery cardiac catheterization is a common diagnostic and interventional procedure for cardiovascular conditions. Pain and hemorrhage at the access site can cause patient discomfort and complications. This pilot study investigates the potential of local forearm heating to reduce pain and hemorrhage in patients undergoing radial artery cardiac catheterization., Methods: We enrolled 100 patients scheduled for radial artery cardiac catheterization and randomly assigned them to the heating or control group. The heating group received local forearm heating before sheath removal, while the control group did not. Pain intensity was assessed with a visual analog scale, and hemorrhage was measured by assessing ecchymosis or hematoma size at the catheterization site. Hemodynamic parameters were also monitored. Statistical analysis compared outcomes between the groups., Results: Patients who received local forearm heating had significantly lower pain intensity (4.15 ± 2.73) compared to the control group (5.84 ± 3.34) (P =.009). Hemodynamic parameters and the extent of hemorrhage at the catheterization site did not significantly differ between the heating and control groups (P >.05). No adverse effects related to forearm heating were reported., Conclusion: Local forearm heating is a promising intervention to reduce pain intensity without increasing hemorrhage or affecting hemodynamic parameters during radial artery cardiac catheterization. This simple, noninvasive approach has the potential to enhance patient comfort and safety post procedure.

Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological disorders. This study aimed to determine the effect of curcumin on painful symptoms of endometriosis and the quality of life in affected women. This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 68 women with endometriosis referred to Shahid Beheshti Infertility Center in Isfahan, Iran, 2022. The participants were allocated to intervention (n = 34) and control (n = 34) groups by the blocked randomization method. Curcumin capsules with a dose of 500 mg were given to the intervention group twice a day for 8 weeks, and the placebo with the same dose was given to the control group. The questionnaires of Endometriosis Health Profile, painful symptoms of endometriosis, and visual analogue scale were used to collect data. Independent t, ANCOVA, and Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to compare the outcomes between the study groups. After the intervention, based on the ANCOVA with the adjusting of the baseline values and Mann-Whitney U-test, there was no statistically significant difference in the amounts of usual pain (p = 0.496) and pain at its worst (p = 0.320), quality of life (p = 0.556), and visual pain (p = 0.845). The results showed that using curcumin does not affect the painful symptoms and quality of life of women with endometriosis. Future clinical trials are needed to investigate and highlight the role of curcumin in endometriosis., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Ovarian torsion in infants can be asymptomatic or may present with abdominal mass and malnutrition. It is an uncommon and non-specific condition in children. We report a girl who underwent detorsion and ovariopexy for suspected ovarian torsion after a previous oophorectomy. The role of progesterone therapy is determined in reducing the size of adnexal mass., Case Presentation: The patient was diagnosed with right ovarian torsion and underwent an oophorectomy at one year of age. About 18 months later, she was diagnosed with left ovarian torsion and underwent detorsion with lateral pelvic fixation. Despite the pelvic fixation of the ovary, a continuous increase in the volume of the ovarian tissue was evident during successive ultrasounds. Progesterone therapy was started at five years of age in order to prevent retorsion and preserve the ovarian tissue. In successive follow-ups during the therapy, ovarian volume decreased, and its size (27*18 mm) was restored., Conclusion: The presented case reminds doctors of the possibility of ovarian torsion in young girls with pelvic pain. More research is needed on the use of hormonal drugs, such as progesterone, in similar cases., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Introduction: Dysmenorrhea is the most common periodic pain, which affects more than 50% of women with regular menstruation. Fenugreek is one of the medicinal plants with analgesic properties. This study aimed to determine the effect of fenugreek application in the severity of dysmenorrhea and its side effects in women with dysmenorrhea. PICO: Population: women with dysmenorrhea; Intervention: fenugreek; Comparison: control groups; and Outcome: reduction in the severity of dysmenorrhea and its side effects., Methods: English database (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science) and Persian database [SID (Scientific Information Database) and Magiran] were used for research until February 11, 2023, using the keywords "Dysmenorrhea [Mesh]," "Foenum [Mesh]," "fenugreek [Mesh]," and "Trigonella [Mesh]." The reference list of the selected articles was also checked. The quality assessment was conducted through the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 5.2.0. The RevMan 5.3 software was used to analyze and report the data of the entered studies. Meta-analysis results were reported with the standardized mean difference (95% confidence interval). A subgroup analysis was performed based on the type of control groups. The quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach., Results: After removing duplicates and ineligible cases, four articles were included in the systematic review out of the 1526 records obtained. The results showed that the pain intensity caused by primary dysmenorrhea decreased with fenugreek compared to placebo (pooled result SMD: -2.21; 95% CI: -3.26 to -1.17; Z: 4.17; p <0.001). There was no significant difference between fenugreek with mefenamic acid (SMD: 0.05; 95% CI: -0.57 to 0.67; Z: 0.17; p = 0.86) and fenugreek with Chandrasura churna (SMD: 0.06; 95% CI: -0.56 to 0.68; Z: 0.19; p = 0.85). Bias, in terms of incomplete outcome data and selective reporting, was low risk in all studies, and the available evidence was low quality according to the GRADE approach., Conclusion: The results showed that the effect of fenugreek on pain intensity in dysmenorrhea is highly uncertain. The true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect. Regarding the importance of the health and quality of life of women of reproductive age and the low quality of evidence of the studies, clinical trials with stronger methodology are suggested in this field., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Objectives: Pregnancy is a vulnerable period for women's health, and health practices play an essential role in this period. This study aimed to determine the relationship between health practices with attitudes toward pregnancy and motherhood and pregnancy symptoms., Design: It was a cross-sectional study using cluster sampling conducted on 351 pregnant women in 2021-2022. Data were collected using questionnaires of socio-demographic characteristics, health practices in pregnancy (Health Practices Questionnaire-II), attitude towards motherhood and pregnancy (Prenatal Attitudes Towards motherhood and Pregnancy) and pregnancy symptoms (Pregnancy Symptoms Inventory). The general linear model (GLM), with the adjustment of socio-demographic characteristics, was used to determine the relationship of the health practices with attitudes towards motherhood and pregnancy and pregnancy symptoms., Setting: Health centres in Tabriz city, Iran., Participants: Women were eligible if living in the Tabriz city, Iran, were pregnant and had a personal health record at the health centre., Results: The mean (SD) of the total health practices score was 117.9 (20.5) out of 34-170. The mean (SD) of the attitudes towards motherhood and pregnancy was 33.4 (4.5) out of 11-44. The mean (SD) of the pregnancy symptoms was 28.0 (12.1) out of 0-123. According to the Pearson correlation test, there was a significant direct correlation between health practices with attitudes towards motherhood and pregnancy (r=0.39; p<0.001) and a significant inverse correlation with pregnancy symptoms (r=-0.29; p<0.001). Based on the GLM with an increase in the score of health practices, the mean score of the attitude towards motherhood and pregnancy increased (B=0.07; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.1), and the mean score of pregnancy symptoms decreased (B=-0.1; 95% CI: -0.2 to -0.05)., Conclusion: Considering the relationship between health practices with the attitude towards motherhood and pregnancy symptoms, healthcare providers better use educational and counselling strategies to promote health practices in pregnant women., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Brassica napus, a versatile crop with significant socioeconomic importance, serves as a valuable source of nutrition for humans and animals while also being utilized in biodiesel production. The expansion potential of B. napus is profoundly influenced by climatic variations, yet there remains a scarcity of studies investigating the correlation between climatic factors and its distribution. This research employs CLIMEX to identify the current and future ecological niches of B. napus under the RCP 8.5 emission scenario, utilizing the Access 1.0 and CNRM-CM5 models for the time frame of 2040-2059. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis of parameters was conducted to determine the primary climatic factors affecting B. napus distribution and model responsiveness. The simulated outcomes demonstrate a satisfactory alignment with the known current distribution of B. napus, with 98% of occurrence records classified as having medium to high climatic suitability. However, the species displays high sensitivity to thermal parameters, thereby suggesting that temperature increases could trigger shifts in suitable and unsuitable areas for B. napus, impacting regions such as Canada, China, Brazil, and the United States., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)

Semiconductor colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) provide anisotropic emission behavior originating from their anisotropic optical transition dipole moments (TDMs). Here, solution-processed colloidal quantum well light-emitting diodes (CQW-LEDs) of a single all-face-down oriented self-assembled monolayer (SAM) film of CQWs that collectively enable a supreme level of IP TDMs at 92% in the ensemble emission are shown. This significantly enhances the outcoupling efficiency from 22% (of standard randomly-oriented emitters) to 34% (of face-down oriented emitters) in the LED. As a result, the external quantum efficiency reaches a record high level of 18.1% for the solution-processed type of CQW-LEDs, putting their efficiency performance on par with the hybrid organic-inorganic evaporation-based CQW-LEDs and all other best solution-processed LEDs. This SAM-CQW-LED architecture allows for a high maximum brightness of 19,800 cd m -2 with a long operational lifetime of 247 h at 100 cd m -2 as well as a stable saturated deep-red emission (651 nm) with a low turn-on voltage of 1.7 eV at a current density of 1 mA cm -2 and a high J 90 of 99.58 mA cm -2 . These findings indicate the effectiveness of oriented self-assembly of CQWs as an electrically-driven emissive layer in improving outcoupling and external quantum efficiencies in the CQW-LEDs., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

We propose and demonstrate vertically oriented self-assembly of colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) that allows for stacking CdSe/CdZnS core/shell CQWs in films for the purposes of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and random lasing. Here, a monolayer of such CQW stacks is obtained via liquid-air interface self-assembly (LAISA) in a binary subphase by controlling the hydrophilicity/lipophilicity balance (HLB), a critical factor for maintaining the orientation of CQWs during their self-assembly. Ethylene glycol, as a hydrophilic subphase, orients the coalition of these CQWs into self-assembled multi-layers in the vertical direction. Stacking CQWs into large micron-sized areas as a monolayer is facilitated by adjusting HLB with diethylene glycol addition as a more lyophilic subphase during LAISA. ASE was observed from the resulting multi-layered CQW stacks prepared via sequential deposition onto the substrate by applying the Langmuir-Schaefer transfer method. Random lasing was achieved from a single self-assembled monolayer of the vertically oriented CQWs. Here, highly rough surfaces resulting from the non-close packing nature of the CQW stack films cause strongly thickness-dependent behavior. We observed that in general a higher roughness-to-thickness ratio of the CQW stack films ( e.g. , thinner films that are intrinsically rough enough) leads to random lasing, while it is possible to observe ASE only in thick enough films even if their roughness is relatively higher. These findings indicate that the proposed bottom-up technique can be used to construct thickness-tunable, three-dimensional CQW superstructures for fast, low-cost, and large-area fabrication.