404 results on '"F. Sciortino"'
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2. Inference of main ion particle transport coefficients with experimentally constrained neutral ionization during edge localized mode recovery on DIII-D
- Author
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A.M. Rosenthal, J.W. Hughes, F.M. Laggner, T. Odstrčil, A. Bortolon, T.M. Wilks, and F. Sciortino
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Condensed Matter Physics - Abstract
The plasma and neutral density dynamics after an edge localized mode are investigated and utilized to infer the plasma transport coefficients for the density pedestal. The Lyman-Alpha Measurement Apparatus (LLAMA) diagnostic provides sub-millisecond profile measurements of the ionization and neutral density and shows significant poloidal asymmetries in both. Exploiting the absolute calibration of the LLAMA diagnostic allows quantitative comparison to the electron and main ion density profiles determined by charge-exchange recombination, Thomson scattering and interferometry. Separation of diffusion and convection contributions to the density pedestal transport are investigated through flux gradient methods and time-dependent forward modeling with Bayesian inference by adaptation of the Aurora transport code and IMPRAD framework to main ion particle transport. Both methods suggest time-dependent transport coefficients and are consistent with an inward particle pinch on the order of 1 m s−1 and diffusion coefficient of 0.05 m2 s−1 in the steep density gradient region of the pedestal. While it is possible to recreate the experimentally observed phenomena with no pinch in the pedestal, low diffusion in the core and high outward convection in the near scrape-off layer are required without an inward pedestal pinch.
- Published
- 2023
3. Non-parametric inference of impurity transport coefficients in the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak
- Author
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T. Nishizawa, R. Dux, R.M. McDermott, F. Sciortino, M. Cavedon, C. Schuster, E. Wolfrum, U. von Toussaint, A.Jansen Van Vuuren, D.J. Cruz-Zabala, P. Cano-Megias, C. Moon, null the ASDEX Upgrade Team, European Commission, ASDEX Upgrade Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society, Nishizawa, T, Dux, R, Mcdermott, R, Sciortino, F, Cavedon, M, Schuster, C, Wolfrum, E, Von Toussaint, U, Van Vuuren, A, Cruz-Zabala, D, Cano-Megias, P, Moon, C, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Energética, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, and Universidad de Sevilla. FQM402: Ciencias y Tecnologías del Plasma y el Espacio
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Charge exchange recombination spectroscopy ,Bayesian inference ,Paper ,tokamak ,impurity ,charge exchange recombination spectroscopy ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Impurity ,Tokamaks ,ddc - Abstract
We present a non-parametric inference of impurity transport coefficients by using charge exchange recombination spectroscopy measurements of Ne X, Ne VIII, O VIII, and C VI lines. Due to their close atomic numbers, neon, oxygen and carbon impurity ions are assumed to have the same diffusion coefficient D and convection velocity v. Unlike conventional techniques that modulate or perturb the impurity contents, we employ a quasi-stationary plasma with static impurity profiles. Since the ratio of v to D only describes the equilibrated profile of the sum of all impurity charge states, steady-state measurements can still decouple D and v if different charge states are simultaneously observed. We have formulated a non-parametric analysis framework based on the Bayesian probability theory and conducted transport coefficient measurements for a Type III ELMy H-mode plasma at ASDEX Upgrade. The charge exchange reactions with the background neutrals, which are known to affect the impurity charge state balance, are taken into account by introducing additional free parameters. While D at the pedestal is close to the neoclassical level ( < 1 m s-2), a large diffusion coefficient and a strong outward convection are inferred right inside the pedestal top., This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 and 2019–2020 under Grant Agreement No. 633053.
- Published
- 2022
4. DIII-D research advancing the physics basis for optimizing the tokamak approach to fusion energy
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M. E. Fenstermacher, J. Abbate, S. Abe, T. Abrams, M. Adams, B. Adamson, N. Aiba, T. Akiyama, P. Aleynikov, E. Allen, S. Allen, H. Anand, J. Anderson, Y. Andrew, T. Andrews, D. Appelt, R. Arbon, N. Ashikawa, A. Ashourvan, M. Aslin, Y. Asnis, M. Austin, D. Ayala, J. Bak, I. Bandyopadhyay, S. Banerjee, K. Barada, L. Bardoczi, J. Barr, E. Bass, D. Battaglia, A. Battey, W. Baumgartner, L. Baylor, J. Beckers, M. Beidler, E. Belli, J. Berkery, T. Bernard, N. Bertelli, M. Beurskens, R. Bielajew, S. Bilgili, B. Biswas, S. Blondel, J. Boedo, I. Bogatu, R. Boivin, T. Bolzonella, M. Bongard, X. Bonnin, P. Bonoli, M. Bonotto, A. Bortolon, S. Bose, N. Bosviel, S. Bouwmans, M. Boyer, W. Boyes, L. Bradley, R. Brambila, D. Brennan, S. Bringuier, L. Brodsky, M. Brookman, J. Brooks, D. Brower, G. Brown, W. Brown, M. Burke, K. Burrell, K. Butler, R. Buttery, I. Bykov, P. Byrne, A. Cacheris, K. Callahan, J. Callen, G. Campbell, J. Candy, J. Canik, P. Cano-Megias, N. Cao, L. Carayannopoulos, T. Carlstrom, W. Carrig, T. Carter, W. Cary, L. Casali, M. Cengher, G. Cespedes Paz, R. Chaban, V. Chan, B. Chapman, I. Char, A. Chattopadhyay, R. Chen, J. Chen, X. Chen, M. Chen, Z. Chen, M. Choi, W. Choi, G. Choi, L. Chousal, C. Chrobak, C. Chrystal, Y. Chung, R. Churchill, M. Cianciosa, J. Clark, M. Clement, S. Coda, A. Cole, C. Collins, W. Conlin, A. Cooper, J. Cordell, B. Coriton, T. Cote, J. Cothran, A. Creely, N. Crocker, C. Crowe, B. Crowley, T. Crowley, D. Cruz-Zabala, D. Cummings, M. Curie, D. Curreli, A. Dal Molin, B. Dannels, A. Dautt-Silva, K. Davda, G. De Tommasi, P. De Vries, G. Degrandchamp, J. Degrassie, D. Demers, S. Denk, S. Depasquale, E. Deshazer, A. Diallo, S. Diem, A. Dimits, R. Ding, S. Ding, W. Ding, T. Do, J. Doane, G. Dong, D. Donovan, J. Drake, W. Drews, J. Drobny, X. Du, H. Du, V. Duarte, D. Dudt, C. Dunn, J. Duran, A. Dvorak, F. Effenberg, N. Eidietis, D. Elder, D. Eldon, R. Ellis, W. Elwasif, D. Ennis, K. Erickson, D. Ernst, M. Fasciana, D. Fedorov, E. Feibush, N. Ferraro, J. Ferreira, J. Ferron, P. Fimognari, D. Finkenthal, R. Fitzpatrick, P. Fox, W. Fox, L. Frassinetti, H. Frerichs, H. Frye, Y. Fu, K. Gage, J. Galdon Quiroga, A. Gallo, Q. Gao, A. Garcia, M. Garcia Munoz, D. Garnier, A. Garofalo, A. Gattuso, D. Geng, K. Gentle, D. Ghosh, L. Giacomelli, S. Gibson, E. Gilson, C. Giroud, F. Glass, A. Glasser, D. Glibert, P. Gohil, R. Gomez, S. Gomez, X. Gong, E. Gonzales, A. Goodman, Y. Gorelov, V. Graber, R. Granetz, T. Gray, D. Green, C. Greenfield, M. Greenwald, B. Grierson, R. Groebner, W. Grosnickle, M. Groth, H. Grunloh, S. Gu, W. Guo, H. Guo, P. Gupta, J. Guterl, W. Guttenfelder, T. Guzman, S. Haar, R. Hager, S. Hahn, M. Halfmoon, T. Hall, K. Hallatschek, F. Halpern, G. Hammett, H. Han, E. Hansen, C. Hansen, M. Hansink, J. Hanson, M. Hanson, G. Hao, A. Harris, R. Harvey, S. Haskey, E. Hassan, A. Hassanein, D. Hatch, R. Hawryluk, W. Hayashi, W. Heidbrink, J. Herfindal, J. Hicok, D. Hill, E. Hinson, C. Holcomb, L. Holland, C. Holland, E. Hollmann, J. Hollocombe, A. Holm, I. Holmes, K. Holtrop, M. Honda, R. Hong, R. Hood, A. Horton, L. Horvath, M. Hosokawa, S. Houshmandyar, N. Howard, E. Howell, D. Hoyt, W. Hu, Y. Hu, Q. Hu, J. Huang, Y. Huang, J. Hughes, T. Human, D. Humphreys, P. Huynh, A. Hyatt, C. Ibanez, L. Ibarra, R. Icasas, K. Ida, V. Igochine, Y. In, S. Inoue, A. Isayama, O. Izacard, V. Izzo, A. Jackson, G. Jacobsen, A. Jaervinen, A. Jalalvand, J. Janhunen, S. Jardin, H. Jarleblad, Y. Jeon, H. Ji, X. Jian, E. Joffrin, A. Johansen, C. Johnson, T. Johnson, C. Jones, I. Joseph, D. Jubas, B. Junge, W. Kalb, R. Kalling, C. Kamath, J. Kang, D. Kaplan, A. Kaptanoglu, S. Kasdorf, J. Kates-Harbeck, P. Kazantzidis, A. Kellman, D. Kellman, C. Kessel, K. Khumthong, E. Kim, H. Kim, J. Kim, S. Kim, K. Kim, C. Kim, W. Kimura, M. King, J. King, J. Kinsey, A. Kirk, B. Kiyan, A. Kleiner, V. Klevarova, R. Knapp, M. Knolker, W. Ko, T. Kobayashi, E. Koch, M. Kochan, B. Koel, M. Koepke, A. Kohn, R. Kolasinski, E. Kolemen, E. Kostadinova, M. Kostuk, G. Kramer, D. Kriete, L. Kripner, S. Kubota, J. Kulchar, K. Kwon, R. La Haye, F. Laggner, H. Lan, R. Lantsov, L. Lao, A. Lasa Esquisabel, C. Lasnier, C. Lau, B. Leard, J. Lee, R. Lee, M. Lee, Y. Lee, C. Lee, S. Lee, M. Lehnen, A. Leonard, E. Leppink, M. Lesher, J. Lestz, J. Leuer, N. Leuthold, X. Li, K. Li, E. Li, G. Li, L. Li, Z. Li, J. Li, Y. Li, Z. Lin, D. Lin, X. Liu, J. Liu, Y. Liu, T. Liu, C. Liu, Z. Liu, D. Liu, A. Liu, A. Loarte-Prieto, L. Lodestro, N. Logan, J. Lohr, B. Lombardo, J. Lore, Q. Luan, T. Luce, T. Luda Di Cortemiglia, N. Luhmann, R. Lunsford, Z. Luo, A. Lvovskiy, B. Lyons, X. Ma, M. Madruga, B. Madsen, C. Maggi, K. Maheshwari, A. Mail, J. Mailloux, R. Maingi, M. Major, M. Makowski, R. Manchanda, C. Marini, A. Marinoni, A. Maris, T. Markovic, L. Marrelli, E. Martin, J. Mateja, G. Matsunaga, R. Maurizio, P. Mauzey, D. Mauzey, G. Mcardle, J. Mcclenaghan, K. Mccollam, C. Mcdevitt, K. Mckay, G. Mckee, A. Mclean, V. Mehta, E. Meier, J. Menard, O. Meneghini, G. Merlo, S. Messer, W. Meyer, C. Michael, C. Michoski, P. Milne, G. Minet, A. Misleh, Y. Mitrishkin, C. Moeller, K. Montes, M. Morales, S. Mordijck, D. Moreau, S. Morosohk, P. Morris, L. Morton, A. Moser, R. Moyer, C. Moynihan, T. Mrazkova, D. Mueller, S. Munaretto, J. Munoz Burgos, C. Murphy, K. Murphy, C. Muscatello, C. Myers, A. Nagy, G. Nandipati, M. Navarro, F. Nave, G. Navratil, R. Nazikian, A. Neff, G. Neilson, T. Neiser, W. Neiswanger, D. Nelson, A. Nelson, F. Nespoli, R. Nguyen, L. Nguyen, X. Nguyen, J. Nichols, M. Nocente, S. Nogami, S. Noraky, N. Norausky, M. Nornberg, R. Nygren, T. Odstrcil, D. Ogas, T. Ogorman, S. Ohdachi, Y. Ohtani, M. Okabayashi, M. Okamoto, L. Olavson, E. Olofsson, M. Omullane, R. Oneill, D. Orlov, W. Orvis, T. Osborne, D. Pace, G. Paganini Canal, A. Pajares Martinez, L. Palacios, C. Pan, Q. Pan, R. Pandit, M. Pandya, A. Pankin, Y. Park, J. Park, S. Parker, P. Parks, M. Parsons, B. Patel, C. Pawley, C. Paz-Soldan, W. Peebles, S. Pelton, R. Perillo, C. Petty, Y. Peysson, D. Pierce, A. Pigarov, L. Pigatto, D. Piglowski, S. Pinches, R. Pinsker, P. Piovesan, N. Piper, A. Pironti, R. Pitts, J. Pizzo, U. Plank, M. Podesta, E. Poli, F. Poli, D. Ponce, Z. Popovic, M. Porkolab, G. Porter, C. Powers, S. Powers, R. Prater, Q. Pratt, I. Pusztai, J. Qian, X. Qin, O. Ra, T. Rafiq, T. Raines, R. Raman, J. Rauch, A. Raymond, C. Rea, M. Reich, A. Reiman, S. Reinhold, M. Reinke, R. Reksoatmodjo, Q. Ren, Y. Ren, J. Ren, M. Rensink, J. Renteria, T. Rhodes, J. Rice, R. Roberts, J. Robinson, P. Rodriguez Fernandez, T. Rognlien, A. Rosenthal, S. Rosiello, J. Rost, J. Roveto, W. Rowan, R. Rozenblat, J. Ruane, D. Rudakov, J. Ruiz Ruiz, R. Rupani, S. Saarelma, S. Sabbagh, J. Sachdev, J. Saenz, S. Saib, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, B. Sammuli, C. Samuell, A. Sandorfi, C. Sang, J. Sarff, O. Sauter, K. Schaubel, L. Schmitz, O. Schmitz, J. Schneider, P. Schroeder, K. Schultz, E. Schuster, J. Schwartz, F. Sciortino, F. Scotti, J. Scoville, A. Seltzman, S. Seol, I. Sfiligoi, M. Shafer, S. Sharapov, H. Shen, Z. Sheng, T. Shepard, S. Shi, Y. Shibata, G. Shin, D. Shiraki, R. Shousha, H. Si, P. Simmerling, G. Sinclair, J. Sinha, P. Sinha, G. Sips, T. Sizyuk, C. Skinner, A. Sladkomedova, T. Slendebroek, J. Slief, R. Smirnov, J. Smith, S. Smith, D. Smith, J. Snipes, G. Snoep, A. Snyder, P. Snyder, E. Solano, W. Solomon, J. Song, A. Sontag, V. Soukhanovskii, J. Spendlove, D. Spong, J. Squire, C. Srinivasan, W. Stacey, G. Staebler, L. Stagner, T. Stange, P. Stangeby, R. Stefan, R. Stemprok, D. Stephan, J. Stillerman, T. Stoltzfus-Dueck, W. Stonecipher, S. Storment, E. Strait, D. Su, L. Sugiyama, Y. Sun, P. Sun, Z. Sun, A. Sun, D. Sundstrom, C. Sung, J. Sungcoco, W. Suttrop, Y. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, A. Svyatkovskiy, C. Swee, R. Sweeney, C. Sweetnam, G. Szepesi, M. Takechi, T. Tala, K. Tanaka, X. Tang, S. Tang, Y. Tao, R. Tao, D. Taussig, T. Taylor, K. Teixeira, K. Teo, A. Theodorsen, D. Thomas, K. Thome, A. Thorman, A. Thornton, A. Ti, M. Tillack, N. Timchenko, R. Tinguely, R. Tompkins, J. Tooker, A. Torrezan De Sousa, G. Trevisan, S. Tripathi, A. Trujillo Ochoa, D. Truong, C. Tsui, F. Turco, A. Turnbull, M. Umansky, E. Unterberg, P. Vaezi, P. Vail, J. Valdez, W. Valkis, B. Van Compernolle, J. Van Galen, R. Van Kampen, M. Van Zeeland, G. Verdoolaege, N. Vianello, B. Victor, E. Viezzer, S. Vincena, M. Wade, F. Waelbroeck, J. Wai, T. Wakatsuki, M. Walker, G. Wallace, R. Waltz, W. Wampler, L. Wang, H. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, G. Wang, S. Ward, M. Watkins, J. Watkins, W. Wehner, Y. Wei, M. Weiland, D. Weisberg, A. Welander, A. White, R. White, S. Wiesen, R. Wilcox, T. Wilks, M. Willensdorfer, H. Wilson, A. Wingen, M. Wolde, M. Wolff, K. Woller, A. Wolz, H. Wong, S. Woodruff, M. Wu, Y. Wu, S. Wukitch, G. Wurden, W. Xiao, R. Xie, Z. Xing, X. Xu, C. Xu, G. Xu, Z. Yan, X. Yang, S. Yang, T. Yokoyama, R. Yoneda, M. Yoshida, K. You, T. Younkin, J. Yu, M. Yu, G. Yu, Q. Yuan, L. Zaidenberg, L. Zakharov, A. Zamengo, S. Zamperini, M. Zarnstorff, E. Zeger, K. Zeller, L. Zeng, M. Zerbini, L. Zhang, X. Zhang, R. Zhang, B. Zhang, J. Zhang, L. Zhao, B. Zhao, Y. Zheng, L. Zheng, B. Zhu, J. Zhu, Y. Zhu, M. Zsutty, M. Zuin, Fenstermacher, M. E., Abbate, J., Abe, S., Abrams, T., Adams, M., Adamson, B., Aiba, N., Akiyama, T., Aleynikov, P., Allen, E., Allen, S., Anand, H., Anderson, J., Andrew, Y., Andrews, T., Appelt, D., Arbon, R., Ashikawa, N., Ashourvan, A., Aslin, M., Asnis, Y., Austin, M., Ayala, D., Bak, J., Bandyopadhyay, I., Banerjee, S., Barada, K., Bardoczi, L., Barr, J., Bass, E., Battaglia, D., Battey, A., Baumgartner, W., Baylor, L., Beckers, J., Beidler, M., Belli, E., Berkery, J., Bernard, T., Bertelli, N., Beurskens, M., Bielajew, R., Bilgili, S., Biswas, B., Blondel, S., Boedo, J., Bogatu, I., Boivin, R., Bolzonella, T., Bongard, M., Bonnin, X., Bonoli, P., Bonotto, M., Bortolon, A., Bose, S., Bosviel, N., Bouwmans, S., Boyer, M., Boyes, W., Bradley, L., Brambila, R., Brennan, D., Bringuier, S., Brodsky, L., Brookman, M., Brooks, J., Brower, D., Brown, G., Brown, W., Burke, M., Burrell, K., Butler, K., Buttery, R., Bykov, I., Byrne, P., Cacheris, A., Callahan, K., Callen, J., Campbell, G., Candy, J., Canik, J., Cano-Megias, P., Cao, N., Carayannopoulos, L., Carlstrom, T., Carrig, W., Carter, T., Cary, W., Casali, L., Cengher, M., Cespedes Paz, G., Chaban, R., Chan, V., Chapman, B., Char, I., Chattopadhyay, A., Chen, R., Chen, J., Chen, X., Chen, M., Chen, Z., Choi, M., Choi, W., Choi, G., Chousal, L., Chrobak, C., Chrystal, C., Chung, Y., Churchill, R., Cianciosa, M., Clark, J., Clement, M., Coda, S., Cole, A., Collins, C., Conlin, W., Cooper, A., Cordell, J., Coriton, B., Cote, T., Cothran, J., Creely, A., Crocker, N., Crowe, C., Crowley, B., Crowley, T., Cruz-Zabala, D., Cummings, D., Curie, M., Curreli, D., Dal Molin, A., Dannels, B., Dautt-Silva, A., Davda, K., De Tommasi, G., De Vries, P., Degrandchamp, G., Degrassie, J., Demers, D., Denk, S., Depasquale, S., Deshazer, E., Diallo, A., Diem, S., Dimits, A., Ding, R., Ding, S., Ding, W., Do, T., Doane, J., Dong, G., Donovan, D., Drake, J., Drews, W., Drobny, J., Du, X., Du, H., Duarte, V., Dudt, D., Dunn, C., Duran, J., Dvorak, A., Effenberg, F., Eidietis, N., Elder, D., Eldon, D., Ellis, R., Elwasif, W., Ennis, D., Erickson, K., Ernst, D., Fasciana, M., Fedorov, D., Feibush, E., Ferraro, N., Ferreira, J., Ferron, J., Fimognari, P., Finkenthal, D., Fitzpatrick, R., Fox, P., Fox, W., Frassinetti, L., Frerichs, H., Frye, H., Fu, Y., Gage, K., Galdon Quiroga, J., Gallo, A., Gao, Q., Garcia, A., Garcia Munoz, M., Garnier, D., Garofalo, A., Gattuso, A., Geng, D., Gentle, K., Ghosh, D., Giacomelli, L., Gibson, S., Gilson, E., Giroud, C., Glass, F., Glasser, A., Glibert, D., Gohil, P., Gomez, R., Gomez, S., Gong, X., Gonzales, E., Goodman, A., Gorelov, Y., Graber, V., Granetz, R., Gray, T., Green, D., Greenfield, C., Greenwald, M., Grierson, B., Groebner, R., Grosnickle, W., Groth, M., Grunloh, H., Gu, S., Guo, W., Guo, H., Gupta, P., Guterl, J., Guttenfelder, W., Guzman, T., Haar, S., Hager, R., Hahn, S., Halfmoon, M., Hall, T., Hallatschek, K., Halpern, F., Hammett, G., Han, H., Hansen, E., Hansen, C., Hansink, M., Hanson, J., Hanson, M., Hao, G., Harris, A., Harvey, R., Haskey, S., Hassan, E., Hassanein, A., Hatch, D., Hawryluk, R., Hayashi, W., Heidbrink, W., Herfindal, J., Hicok, J., Hill, D., Hinson, E., Holcomb, C., Holland, L., Holland, C., Hollmann, E., Hollocombe, J., Holm, A., Holmes, I., Holtrop, K., Honda, M., Hong, R., Hood, R., Horton, A., Horvath, L., Hosokawa, M., Houshmandyar, S., Howard, N., Howell, E., Hoyt, D., Hu, W., Hu, Y., Hu, Q., Huang, J., Huang, Y., Hughes, J., Human, T., Humphreys, D., Huynh, P., Hyatt, A., Ibanez, C., Ibarra, L., Icasas, R., Ida, K., Igochine, V., In, Y., Inoue, S., Isayama, A., Izacard, O., Izzo, V., Jackson, A., Jacobsen, G., Jaervinen, A., Jalalvand, A., Janhunen, J., Jardin, S., Jarleblad, H., Jeon, Y., Ji, H., Jian, X., Joffrin, E., Johansen, A., Johnson, C., Johnson, T., Jones, C., Joseph, I., Jubas, D., Junge, B., Kalb, W., Kalling, R., Kamath, C., Kang, J., Kaplan, D., Kaptanoglu, A., Kasdorf, S., Kates-Harbeck, J., Kazantzidis, P., Kellman, A., Kellman, D., Kessel, C., Khumthong, K., Kim, E., Kim, H., Kim, J., Kim, S., Kim, K., Kim, C., Kimura, W., King, M., King, J., Kinsey, J., Kirk, A., Kiyan, B., Kleiner, A., Klevarova, V., Knapp, R., Knolker, M., Ko, W., Kobayashi, T., Koch, E., Kochan, M., Koel, B., Koepke, M., Kohn, A., Kolasinski, R., Kolemen, E., Kostadinova, E., Kostuk, M., Kramer, G., Kriete, D., Kripner, L., Kubota, S., Kulchar, J., Kwon, K., La Haye, R., Laggner, F., Lan, H., Lantsov, R., Lao, L., Lasa Esquisabel, A., Lasnier, C., Lau, C., Leard, B., Lee, J., Lee, R., Lee, M., Lee, Y., Lee, C., Lee, S., Lehnen, M., Leonard, A., Leppink, E., Lesher, M., Lestz, J., Leuer, J., Leuthold, N., Li, X., Li, K., Li, E., Li, G., Li, L., Li, Z., Li, J., Li, Y., Lin, Z., Lin, D., Liu, X., Liu, J., Liu, Y., Liu, T., Liu, C., Liu, Z., Liu, D., Liu, A., Loarte-Prieto, A., Lodestro, L., Logan, N., Lohr, J., Lombardo, B., Lore, J., Luan, Q., Luce, T., Luda Di Cortemiglia, T., Luhmann, N., Lunsford, R., Luo, Z., Lvovskiy, A., Lyons, B., Ma, X., Madruga, M., Madsen, B., Maggi, C., Maheshwari, K., Mail, A., Mailloux, J., Maingi, R., Major, M., Makowski, M., Manchanda, R., Marini, C., Marinoni, A., Maris, A., Markovic, T., Marrelli, L., Martin, E., Mateja, J., Matsunaga, G., Maurizio, R., Mauzey, P., Mauzey, D., Mcardle, G., Mcclenaghan, J., Mccollam, K., Mcdevitt, C., Mckay, K., Mckee, G., Mclean, A., Mehta, V., Meier, E., Menard, J., Meneghini, O., Merlo, G., Messer, S., Meyer, W., Michael, C., Michoski, C., Milne, P., Minet, G., Misleh, A., Mitrishkin, Y., Moeller, C., Montes, K., Morales, M., Mordijck, S., Moreau, D., Morosohk, S., Morris, P., Morton, L., Moser, A., Moyer, R., Moynihan, C., Mrazkova, T., Mueller, D., Munaretto, S., Munoz Burgos, J., Murphy, C., Murphy, K., Muscatello, C., Myers, C., Nagy, A., Nandipati, G., Navarro, M., Nave, F., Navratil, G., Nazikian, R., Neff, A., Neilson, G., Neiser, T., Neiswanger, W., Nelson, D., Nelson, A., Nespoli, F., Nguyen, R., Nguyen, L., Nguyen, X., Nichols, J., Nocente, M., Nogami, S., Noraky, S., Norausky, N., Nornberg, M., Nygren, R., Odstrcil, T., Ogas, D., Ogorman, T., Ohdachi, S., Ohtani, Y., Okabayashi, M., Okamoto, M., Olavson, L., Olofsson, E., Omullane, M., Oneill, R., Orlov, D., Orvis, W., Osborne, T., Pace, D., Paganini Canal, G., Pajares Martinez, A., Palacios, L., Pan, C., Pan, Q., Pandit, R., Pandya, M., Pankin, A., Park, Y., Park, J., Parker, S., Parks, P., Parsons, M., Patel, B., Pawley, C., Paz-Soldan, C., Peebles, W., Pelton, S., Perillo, R., Petty, C., Peysson, Y., Pierce, D., Pigarov, A., Pigatto, L., Piglowski, D., Pinches, S., Pinsker, R., Piovesan, P., Piper, N., Pironti, A., Pitts, R., Pizzo, J., Plank, U., Podesta, M., Poli, E., Poli, F., Ponce, D., Popovic, Z., Porkolab, M., Porter, G., Powers, C., Powers, S., Prater, R., Pratt, Q., Pusztai, I., Qian, J., Qin, X., Ra, O., Rafiq, T., Raines, T., Raman, R., Rauch, J., Raymond, A., Rea, C., Reich, M., Reiman, A., Reinhold, S., Reinke, M., Reksoatmodjo, R., Ren, Q., Ren, Y., Ren, J., Rensink, M., Renteria, J., Rhodes, T., Rice, J., Roberts, R., Robinson, J., Rodriguez Fernandez, P., Rognlien, T., Rosenthal, A., Rosiello, S., Rost, J., Roveto, J., Rowan, W., Rozenblat, R., Ruane, J., Rudakov, D., Ruiz Ruiz, J., Rupani, R., Saarelma, S., Sabbagh, S., Sachdev, J., Saenz, J., Saib, S., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Sammuli, B., Samuell, C., Sandorfi, A., Sang, C., Sarff, J., Sauter, O., Schaubel, K., Schmitz, L., Schmitz, O., Schneider, J., Schroeder, P., Schultz, K., Schuster, E., Schwartz, J., Sciortino, F., Scotti, F., Scoville, J., Seltzman, A., Seol, S., Sfiligoi, I., Shafer, M., Sharapov, S., Shen, H., Sheng, Z., Shepard, T., Shi, S., Shibata, Y., Shin, G., Shiraki, D., Shousha, R., Si, H., Simmerling, P., Sinclair, G., Sinha, J., Sinha, P., Sips, G., Sizyuk, T., Skinner, C., Sladkomedova, A., Slendebroek, T., Slief, J., Smirnov, R., Smith, J., Smith, S., Smith, D., Snipes, J., Snoep, G., Snyder, A., Snyder, P., Solano, E., Solomon, W., Song, J., Sontag, A., Soukhanovskii, V., Spendlove, J., Spong, D., Squire, J., Srinivasan, C., Stacey, W., Staebler, G., Stagner, L., Stange, T., Stangeby, P., Stefan, R., Stemprok, R., Stephan, D., Stillerman, J., Stoltzfus-Dueck, T., Stonecipher, W., Storment, S., Strait, E., Su, D., Sugiyama, L., Sun, Y., Sun, P., Sun, Z., Sun, A., Sundstrom, D., Sung, C., Sungcoco, J., Suttrop, W., Suzuki, Y., Suzuki, T., Svyatkovskiy, A., Swee, C., Sweeney, R., Sweetnam, C., Szepesi, G., Takechi, M., Tala, T., Tanaka, K., Tang, X., Tang, S., Tao, Y., Tao, R., Taussig, D., Taylor, T., Teixeira, K., Teo, K., Theodorsen, A., Thomas, D., Thome, K., Thorman, A., Thornton, A., Ti, A., Tillack, M., Timchenko, N., Tinguely, R., Tompkins, R., Tooker, J., Torrezan De Sousa, A., Trevisan, G., Tripathi, S., Trujillo Ochoa, A., Truong, D., Tsui, C., Turco, F., Turnbull, A., Umansky, M., Unterberg, E., Vaezi, P., Vail, P., Valdez, J., Valkis, W., Van Compernolle, B., Van Galen, J., Van Kampen, R., Van Zeeland, M., Verdoolaege, G., Vianello, N., Victor, B., Viezzer, E., Vincena, S., Wade, M., Waelbroeck, F., Wai, J., Wakatsuki, T., Walker, M., Wallace, G., Waltz, R., Wampler, W., Wang, L., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Wang, G., Ward, S., Watkins, M., Watkins, J., Wehner, W., Wei, Y., Weiland, M., Weisberg, D., Welander, A., White, A., White, R., Wiesen, S., Wilcox, R., Wilks, T., Willensdorfer, M., Wilson, H., Wingen, A., Wolde, M., Wolff, M., Woller, K., Wolz, A., Wong, H., Woodruff, S., Wu, M., Wu, Y., Wukitch, S., Wurden, G., Xiao, W., Xie, R., Xing, Z., Xu, X., Xu, C., Xu, G., Yan, Z., Yang, X., Yang, S., Yokoyama, T., Yoneda, R., Yoshida, M., You, K., Younkin, T., Yu, J., Yu, M., Yu, G., Yuan, Q., Zaidenberg, L., Zakharov, L., Zamengo, A., Zamperini, S., Zarnstorff, M., Zeger, E., Zeller, K., Zeng, L., Zerbini, M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X., Zhang, R., Zhang, B., Zhang, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, B., Zheng, Y., Zheng, L., Zhu, B., Zhu, J., Zhu, Y., Zsutty, M., Zuin, M., Fenstermacher, M, Abbate, J, 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S, Kulchar, J, Kwon, K, La Haye, R, Laggner, F, Lan, H, Lantsov, R, Lao, L, Esquisabel, A, Lasnier, C, Lau, C, Leard, B, Lee, J, Lee, R, Lee, M, Lee, Y, Lee, C, Lee, S, Lehnen, M, Leonard, A, Leppink, E, Lesher, M, Lestz, J, Leuer, J, Leuthold, N, Li, X, Li, K, Li, E, Li, G, Li, L, Li, Z, Li, J, Li, Y, Lin, Z, Lin, D, Liu, X, Liu, J, Liu, Y, Liu, T, Liu, C, Liu, Z, Liu, D, Liu, A, Loarte-Prieto, A, Lodestro, L, Logan, N, Lohr, J, Lombardo, B, Lore, J, Luan, Q, Luce, T, Di Cortemiglia, T, Luhmann, N, Lunsford, R, Luo, Z, Lvovskiy, A, Lyons, B, Ma, X, Madruga, M, Madsen, B, Maggi, C, Maheshwari, K, Mail, A, Mailloux, J, Maingi, R, Major, M, Makowski, M, Manchanda, R, Marini, C, Marinoni, A, Maris, A, Markovic, T, Marrelli, L, Martin, E, Mateja, J, Matsunaga, G, Maurizio, R, Mauzey, P, Mauzey, D, Mcardle, G, Mcclenaghan, J, Mccollam, K, Mcdevitt, C, Mckay, K, Mckee, G, Mclean, A, Mehta, V, Meier, E, Menard, J, Meneghini, O, Merlo, G, Messer, S, Meyer, W, Michael, C, Michoski, C, Milne, P, Minet, G, Misleh, A, Mitrishkin, Y, Moeller, C, Montes, K, Morales, M, Mordijck, S, Moreau, D, Morosohk, S, Morris, P, Morton, L, Moser, A, Moyer, R, Moynihan, C, Mrazkova, T, Mueller, D, Munaretto, S, Burgos, J, Murphy, C, Murphy, K, Muscatello, C, Myers, C, Nagy, A, Nandipati, G, Navarro, M, Nave, F, Navratil, G, Nazikian, R, Neff, A, Neilson, G, Neiser, T, Neiswanger, W, Nelson, D, Nelson, A, Nespoli, F, Nguyen, R, Nguyen, L, Nguyen, X, Nichols, J, Nocente, M, Nogami, S, Noraky, S, Norausky, N, Nornberg, M, Nygren, R, Odstrcil, T, Ogas, D, Ogorman, T, Ohdachi, S, Ohtani, Y, Okabayashi, M, Okamoto, M, Olavson, L, Olofsson, E, Omullane, M, Oneill, R, Orlov, D, Orvis, W, Osborne, T, Pace, D, Canal, G, Martinez, A, Palacios, L, Pan, C, Pan, Q, Pandit, R, Pandya, M, Pankin, A, Park, Y, Park, J, Parker, S, Parks, P, Parsons, M, Patel, B, Pawley, C, Paz-Soldan, C, Peebles, W, Pelton, S, Perillo, R, Petty, C, Peysson, Y, Pierce, D, Pigarov, A, Pigatto, L, Piglowski, D, Pinches, S, Pinsker, R, Piovesan, P, Piper, N, Pironti, A, Pitts, R, Pizzo, J, Plank, U, Podesta, M, Poli, E, Poli, F, Ponce, D, Popovic, Z, Porkolab, M, Porter, G, Powers, C, Powers, S, Prater, R, Pratt, Q, Pusztai, I, Qian, J, Qin, X, Ra, O, Rafiq, T, Raines, T, Raman, R, Rauch, J, Raymond, A, Rea, C, Reich, M, Reiman, A, Reinhold, S, Reinke, M, Reksoatmodjo, R, Ren, Q, Ren, Y, Ren, J, Rensink, M, Renteria, J, Rhodes, T, Rice, J, Roberts, R, Robinson, J, Fernandez, P, Rognlien, T, Rosenthal, A, Rosiello, S, Rost, J, Roveto, J, Rowan, W, Rozenblat, R, Ruane, J, Rudakov, D, Ruiz, J, Rupani, R, Saarelma, S, Sabbagh, S, Sachdev, J, Saenz, J, Saib, S, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Sammuli, B, Samuell, C, Sandorfi, A, Sang, C, Sarff, J, Sauter, O, Schaubel, K, Schmitz, L, Schmitz, O, Schneider, J, Schroeder, P, Schultz, K, Schuster, E, Schwartz, J, Sciortino, F, Scotti, F, Scoville, J, Seltzman, A, Seol, S, Sfiligoi, I, Shafer, M, Sharapov, S, Shen, H, Sheng, Z, Shepard, T, Shi, S, Shibata, Y, Shin, G, Shiraki, D, Shousha, R, Si, H, Simmerling, P, Sinclair, G, Sinha, J, Sinha, P, Sips, G, Sizyuk, T, Skinner, C, Sladkomedova, A, Slendebroek, T, Slief, J, Smirnov, R, Smith, J, Smith, S, Smith, D, Snipes, J, Snoep, G, Snyder, A, Snyder, P, Solano, E, Solomon, W, Song, J, Sontag, A, Soukhanovskii, V, Spendlove, J, Spong, D, Squire, J, Srinivasan, C, Stacey, W, Staebler, G, Stagner, L, Stange, T, Stangeby, P, Stefan, R, Stemprok, R, Stephan, D, Stillerman, J, Stoltzfus-Dueck, T, Stonecipher, W, Storment, S, Strait, E, Su, D, Sugiyama, L, Sun, Y, Sun, P, Sun, Z, Sun, A, Sundstrom, D, Sung, C, Sungcoco, J, Suttrop, W, Suzuki, Y, Suzuki, T, Svyatkovskiy, A, Swee, C, Sweeney, R, Sweetnam, C, Szepesi, G, Takechi, M, Tala, T, Tanaka, K, Tang, X, Tang, S, Tao, Y, Tao, R, Taussig, D, Taylor, T, Teixeira, K, Teo, K, Theodorsen, A, Thomas, D, Thome, K, Thorman, A, Thornton, A, Ti, A, Tillack, M, Timchenko, N, Tinguely, R, Tompkins, R, Tooker, J, De Sousa, A, Trevisan, G, Tripathi, S, Ochoa, A, Truong, D, Tsui, C, Turco, F, Turnbull, A, Umansky, M, Unterberg, E, Vaezi, P, Vail, P, Valdez, J, Valkis, W, Van Compernolle, B, Van Galen, J, Van Kampen, R, Van Zeeland, M, Verdoolaege, G, Vianello, N, Victor, B, Viezzer, E, Vincena, S, Wade, M, Waelbroeck, F, Wai, J, Wakatsuki, T, Walker, M, Wallace, G, Waltz, R, Wampler, W, Wang, L, Wang, H, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wang, G, Ward, S, Watkins, M, Watkins, J, Wehner, W, Wei, Y, Weiland, M, Weisberg, D, Welander, A, White, A, White, R, Wiesen, S, Wilcox, R, Wilks, T, Willensdorfer, M, Wilson, H, Wingen, A, Wolde, M, Wolff, M, Woller, K, Wolz, A, Wong, H, Woodruff, S, Wu, M, Wu, Y, Wukitch, S, Wurden, G, Xiao, W, Xie, R, Xing, Z, Xu, X, Xu, C, Xu, G, Yan, Z, Yang, X, Yang, S, Yokoyama, T, Yoneda, R, Yoshida, M, You, K, Younkin, T, Yu, J, Yu, M, Yu, G, Yuan, Q, Zaidenberg, L, Zakharov, L, Zamengo, A, Zamperini, S, Zarnstorff, M, Zeger, E, Zeller, K, Zeng, L, Zerbini, M, Zhang, L, Zhang, X, Zhang, R, Zhang, B, Zhang, J, Zhao, L, Zhao, B, Zheng, Y, Zheng, L, Zhu, B, Zhu, J, Zhu, Y, Zsutty, M, Zuin, M, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, General Atomics, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Imperial College London, National Institute for Fusion Science, Universidade de São Paulo, University of Texas at Austin, ITER, College of William and Mary, University of California Los Angeles, University of California San Diego, Columbia University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Eindhoven University of Technology, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, West Virginia University, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, National Research Council of Italy, Stony Brook University, Purdue University, University of Seville, University of Science and Technology of China, Carnegie Mellon University, Institute for Plasma Research, Peking University, University of California Davis, University of California Irvine, Commonwealth Fusion Systems, University of Liverpool, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Milan - Bicocca, Georgia Institute of Technology, Southwestern Institute of Physics, University of Toronto, Auburn University, Polytechnic University of Turin, Universidade Lisboa, Association CCFE, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, San Diego State University, Durham University, Lehigh University, Fusion and Plasma Physics, University of Washington, Department of Applied Physics, Sandia National Laboratories, Ghent University, Technical University of Denmark, CEA, University of Colorado Boulder, Harvard University, National Technical University of Athens, Coventry University, University of Stuttgart, Czech Academy of Sciences, Harvey Mudd College, Seoul National University, Donghua University, University of York, Dalian University of Technology, University of California Berkeley, Los Alamos National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, University of British Columbia, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Michigan State University, University of Strathclyde, Pennsylvania State University, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, University of Southern California, Chalmers University of Technology, University of Virginia, University of Naples Federico II, University of Oxford, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, National Institute of Technology, University of Connecticut, DIFFER, CIEMAT, Hanyang University, Brigham Young University, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Australian National University, Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Zhejiang University, The University of Tokyo, University of Michigan, Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, DIII-D Team, Complex Ionized Media, Elementary Processes in Gas Discharges, Applied Physics and Science Education, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, and Control Systems Technology
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Tokamak ,Technology and Engineering ,DIII-D ,Nuclear engineering ,TOKAMAKS ,MITIGATION ,law.invention ,Plasma physics ,mitigation ,law ,plasma physic ,tokamak ,Physics ,Core-edge integration ,Basis (linear algebra) ,plasma physics ,core-edge integration ,scenarios ,Fusion power ,Condensed Matter Physics ,SCENARIOS ,fusion energy ,Fusion energy - Abstract
Funding Information: This material is based upon work supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, using the DIII-D National Fusion Facility, a DOE Office of Science user facility, under Awards DE-FC02-04ER54698 and DE-AC52-07NA27344. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 IAEA, Vienna. DIII-D physics research addresses critical challenges for the operation of ITER and the next generation of fusion energy devices. This is done through a focus on innovations to provide solutions for high performance long pulse operation, coupled with fundamental plasma physics understanding and model validation, to drive scenario development by integrating high performance core and boundary plasmas. Substantial increases in off-axis current drive efficiency from an innovative top launch system for EC power, and in pressure broadening for Alfven eigenmode control from a co-/counter-I p steerable off-axis neutral beam, all improve the prospects for optimization of future long pulse/steady state high performance tokamak operation. Fundamental studies into the modes that drive the evolution of the pedestal pressure profile and electron vs ion heat flux validate predictive models of pedestal recovery after ELMs. Understanding the physics mechanisms of ELM control and density pumpout by 3D magnetic perturbation fields leads to confident predictions for ITER and future devices. Validated modeling of high-Z shattered pellet injection for disruption mitigation, runaway electron dissipation, and techniques for disruption prediction and avoidance including machine learning, give confidence in handling disruptivity for future devices. For the non-nuclear phase of ITER, two actuators are identified to lower the L-H threshold power in hydrogen plasmas. With this physics understanding and suite of capabilities, a high poloidal beta optimized-core scenario with an internal transport barrier that projects nearly to Q = 10 in ITER at ∼8 MA was coupled to a detached divertor, and a near super H-mode optimized-pedestal scenario with co-I p beam injection was coupled to a radiative divertor. The hybrid core scenario was achieved directly, without the need for anomalous current diffusion, using off-axis current drive actuators. Also, a controller to assess proximity to stability limits and regulate β N in the ITER baseline scenario, based on plasma response to probing 3D fields, was demonstrated. Finally, innovative tokamak operation using a negative triangularity shape showed many attractive features for future pilot plant operation.
- Published
- 2022
5. Hierarchical Spin‐Crossover Cooperativity in Hybrid 1D Chains of Fe II ‐1,2,4‐Triazole Trimers Linked by [Au(CN) 2 ] − Bridges
- Author
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Synøve Ø. Scottwell, Manan Ahmed, Mohan M. Bhadbhade, Carol Hua, Jack K. Clegg, Lachlan C. Parker, Benjamin J. Powell, Cameron J. Kepert, Suzanne M. Neville, Helen E. A. Brand, Lida Ezzedinloo, Natasha F. Sciortino, Katrina A. Zenere, and Zixi Xie
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Coupling ,010405 organic chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Intermolecular force ,1,2,4-Triazole ,Cooperativity ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Spin crossover ,Chemical physics ,Intramolecular force ,Order of magnitude ,Curse of dimensionality - Abstract
Foremost, practical applications of spin-crossover (SCO) materials require control of the nature of the spin-state coupling. In existing SCO materials, there is a single, well-defined dimensionality relevant to the switching behavior. A new material, consisting of 1,2,4-triazole-based trimers coordinated into 1D chains by [Au(CN)] and spaced by anions and exchangeable guests, underwent SCO defined by elastic coupling across multiple dimensional hierarchies. Detailed structural, vibrational, and theoretical studies conclusively confirmed that intra-trimer coupling was an order of magnitude greater than the intramolecular coupling, which was an order of magnitude greater than intermolecular coupling. As such, a clear hierarchy on the nature of elastic coupling in SCO materials was ascertained for the first time, which is a necessary step for the technological development of molecular switching materials.
- Published
- 2021
6. Argon pumpout by ICRF waves in C-Mod Land I-mode plasmas
- Author
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J.E. Rice, Y. Lin, C.J. Perks, M.L. Reinke, E.S. Marmar, N. Cao, C. Gao, F. Sciortino, S.J. Wukitch, and J. Wright
- Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Condensed Matter Physics - Abstract
Pumpout of argon ions by ICRF waves has been observed in C-Mod deuterium L- and I-mode plasmas that had a substantial hydrogen fraction. The effect is manifested by a reduction of core argon x-ray brightness up to a factor of 90% on time scales of tens of milliseconds following injection of ICRF power. For Ar16+, the pumpout is strongest for hydrogen minority concentrations between 0.25 and 0.4, when the ICRF waves are not expected to result in minority heating. Modeling with the TORIC code suggests that the pumpout process occurs when the H/D mode conversion layer overlaps with the 2nd harmonic impurity resonance layer. The magnitude of the argon pumpout is independent of ICRF power above an apparent threshold of ∼500 kW, independent of electron density and appears to decrease as the plasma current is increased. Potential application as a heavy impurity control tool in reactors is discussed.
- Published
- 2022
7. Investigation of core impurity transport in DIII-D diverted negative triangularity plasmas
- Author
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F Sciortino, N T Howard, T Odstrčil, M Austin, I Bykov, C Chrystal, S R Haskey, J D Lore, A Marinoni, E S Marmar, O Meneghini, C Paz-Soldan, P Rodriguez-Fernandez, S P Smith, and K E Thome
- Subjects
Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,Condensed Matter Physics - Abstract
Tokamak operation at negative triangularity has been shown to offer high energy confinement without the typical disadvantages of edge pedestals (Marinoni et al 2021 Nucl. Fusion 61 116010). In this paper, we examine impurity transport in DIII-D diverted negative triangularity experiments. Analysis of charge exchange recombination spectroscopy reveals flat or hollow carbon density profiles in the core, and impurity confinement times consistently shorter than energy confinement times. Bayesian inferences of impurity transport coefficients based on laser blow-off injections and forward modeling via the Aurora package (Sciortino et al 2021 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 63 112001) show core cross-field diffusion to be higher in L-mode than in H-mode. Impurity profile shapes remain flat or hollow in all cases. Inferred radial profiles of diffusion and convection are compared to neoclassical, quasilinear gyrofluid, and nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations. Heat transport is observed to be better captured by reduced turbulence models with respect to particle transport. State-of-the-art gyrokinetic modeling compares favorably with measurements across multiple transport channels. Overall, these results suggest that diverted negative triangularity discharges may offer a path to a highly-radiative L-mode scenario with high core performance.
- Published
- 2022
8. Experimental Verification of the Role of Electron Pressure in Fast Magnetic Reconnection with a Guide Field
- Author
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W. Fox, F. Sciortino, A. v. Stechow, J. Jara-Almonte, J. Yoo, H. Ji, and M. Yamada
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Bayesian Spectral Moment Estimation and Uncertainty Quantification
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N. M. Cao and F. Sciortino
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Computer science ,Truncation ,Bayesian probability ,Context (language use) ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Spectral line ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Moment (mathematics) ,Robustness (computer science) ,0103 physical sciences ,Uncertainty quantification ,Algorithm ,Free parameter - Abstract
We present a Bayesian spectral fitting method developed for spectroscopic data analysis, particularly (but not solely) in the context of fusion energy research. The presented techniques are particularly valuable to estimating moments and corresponding uncertainties whenever the spectra result from line-integrated measurements in nonuniform plasmas, for which the approximation of atomic line shapes being ideal Gaussians gives poor estimates. We decompose multiple, potentially overlapping spectral lines into a sum of Gauss–Hermite polynomials, whose properties allow efficient truncation and uncertainty quantification, often with only three free parameters per atomic emission line. Tests with both synthetic and experimental data demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness where more standard nonlinear fitting routines may experience difficulties. A parallelized version of our implementation is publicly released under an open source license 1 . 1 https://github.com/Maplenormandy/bsfc
- Published
- 2020
10. Free-space nano-optical devices and integration: Design, fabrication, and manufacturing.
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Jian Jim Wang, Xuegong Deng, Lei Chen, Paul F. Sciortino Jr., Feng Liu, Stephen Tai, Xiaoming Liu, Anguel Nikolov, and Barry J. Weinbaum
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Investigation of the Spin Crossover Properties of Three Dinulear Fe(II) Triple Helicates by Variation of the Steric Nature of the Ligand Type
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Alexander R. Craze, Natasha F. Sciortino, Mohan M. Badbhade, Cameron J. Kepert, Christopher E. Marjo, and Feng Li
- Subjects
spin-crossover ,triple helicate ,dinuclear ,Fe(II) complex ,Inorganic chemistry ,QD146-197 - Abstract
The investigation of new spin-crossover (SCO) compounds plays an important role in understanding the key design factors involved, informing the synthesis of materials for future applications in electronic and sensing devices. In this report, three bis-bidentate ligands were synthesized by Schiff base condensation of imidazole-4-carbaldehyde with 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane (L1), 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfide (L2) and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether (L3) respectively. Their dinuclear Fe(II) triple helicates were obtained by complexation with Fe(BF4)2·6H2O in acetonitrile. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of the steric nature of the ligand central atom (–X–, where X = CH2, S or O) on the spin-crossover profile of the compound. The magnetic behaviours of these compounds were investigated and subsequently correlated to the structural information from single-crystal X-ray crystallographic experiments. All compounds [Fe2(L1)3](BF4)2 (1), [Fe2(L2)3](BF4)2 (2) and [Fe2(L3)3](BF4)2 (3), demonstrated approximately half-spin transitions, with T1/2 values of 155, 115 and 150 K respectively, corresponding to one high-spin (HS) and one low-spin (LS) Fe(II) centre in a [LS–HS] state at 50 K. This was also confirmed by crystallographic studies, for example, bond lengths and the octahedral distortion parameter (∑) at 100 K. The three-dimensional arrangement of the HS and LS Fe(II) centres throughout the crystal lattice was different for the three compounds, and differing extents of intermolecular interactions between BF4− counter ions and imidazole N–H were present. The three compounds displayed similar spin-transition profiles, with 2 (–S–) possessing the steepest nature. The shape of the spin transition can be altered in this manner, and this is likely due to the subtle effects that the steric nature of the central atom has on the crystal packing (and thus inter-helical Fe–Fe separation), intermolecular interactions and Fe–Fe intra-helical separations.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Hierarchical Spin-Crossover Cooperativity in Hybrid 1D Chains of Fe
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Lida, Ezzedinloo, Katrina A, Zenere, Zixi, Xie, Manan, Ahmed, SynØve, Scottwell, Mohan, Bhadbhade, Helen E A, Brand, Jack K, Clegg, Carol, Hua, Natasha F, Sciortino, Lachlan C, Parker, Benjamin J, Powell, Cameron J, Kepert, and Suzanne M, Neville
- Abstract
Foremost, practical applications of spin-crossover (SCO) materials require control of the nature of the spin-state coupling. In existing SCO materials, there is a single, well-defined dimensionality relevant to the switching behavior. A new material, consisting of 1,2,4-triazole-based trimers coordinated into 1D chains by [Au(CN)
- Published
- 2021
13. Experimental inference of neutral and impurity transport in Alcator C-Mod using high-resolution x-ray and ultra-violet spectra
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Richard Reksoatmodjo, Nathan Howard, Marco Andres Miller, Tomas Odstrcil, Pablo Rodriguez-Fernandez, Adam R. Foster, Jerry Hughes, Earl Marmar, Saskia Mordijck, F. Sciortino, T. Pütterich, John Rice, and Matthew Reinke
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Materials science ,Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph) ,Analytical chemistry ,X-ray ,FOS: Physical sciences ,High resolution ,Ultra violet ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Spectral line ,Physics - Plasma Physics ,Physics - Atomic Physics ,Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph) ,Alcator C-Mod ,Impurity - Abstract
We present experimental inferences of cross-field impurity transport coefficients for Alcator C-Mod plasmas using a novel forward model for the entire Ca K-alpha spectrum, including satellite lines within the spectral range, to compare to high-resolution X-ray Imaging Crystal Spectroscopy (XICS). These measurements are complemented by Extreme Ultra-Violet (EUV) spectroscopy that constrains transport closer to the edge. Using new atomic data sets for both XICS and EUV analysis has enabled consideration of line ratios across both spectral ranges and has increased the accuracy of inferred transport coefficients. Inclusion of charge exchange between edge thermal neutrals and impurities is shown to be extremely important in C-Mod pedestals. We obtain D atomic neutral densities from experimental D Ly-alpha measurements at the midplane and compare these to SOLPS-ITER simulations, finding good agreement. Bayesian inferences of impurity transport coefficients are presented for L-, EDA H-, and I-mode discharges, making use of the Aurora package for forward modeling and combining our spectroscopic constraints. Experimentally inferred diffusion profiles are found to match turbulent transport models at midradius within uncertainties, using both quasilinear gyro-fluid TGLF SAT-1 and nonlinear ion-scale gyrokinetic CGYRO simulations. Significant discrepancies in convection are observed in some cases, suggesting difficulties in predictions of flat or hollow impurity profiles., 23 pages of main body; 38 pages including appendices. 17 figures. Submitted to Nuclear Fusion
- Published
- 2021
14. Predictions of core plasma performance for the SPARC tokamak
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Yuxuan Lin, Martin Greenwald, Alexander Creely, Pablo Rodriguez-Fernandez, J. W. Hughes, Christopher Holland, John Wright, Nathan Howard, and F. Sciortino
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Physics ,Tokamak ,Toric code ,Turbulence ,Cyclotron ,Plasma ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,law.invention ,Computational physics ,Ion ,Core (optical fiber) ,Nonlinear system ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,010306 general physics - Abstract
SPARC is designed to be a high-field, medium-size tokamak aimed at achieving net energy gain with ion cyclotron range-of-frequencies (ICRF) as its primary auxiliary heating mechanism. Empirical predictions with conservative physics indicate that SPARC baseline plasmas would reach$Q\approx 11$, which is well above its mission objective of$Q>2$. To build confidence that SPARC will be successful, physics-based integrated modelling has also been performed. The TRANSP code coupled with the theory-based trapped gyro-Landau fluid (TGLF) turbulence model and EPED predictions for pedestal stability find that$Q\approx 9$is attainable in standard H-mode operation and confirms$Q > 2$operation is feasible even with adverse assumptions. In this analysis, ion cyclotron waves are simulated with the full wave TORIC code and alpha heating is modelled with the Monte–Carlo fast ion NUBEAM module. Detailed analysis of expected turbulence regimes with linear and nonlinear CGYRO simulations is also presented, demonstrating that profile predictions with the TGLF reduced model are in reasonable agreement.
- Published
- 2020
15. Inference of experimental radial impurity transport on Alcator C-Mod: Bayesian parameter estimation and model selection
- Author
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Pablo Rodriguez-Fernandez, Earl Marmar, N. M. Cao, John Rice, L. M. Milanese, Tomas Odstrcil, Amanda Hubbard, R. Dux, J. Irby, F. Sciortino, Matthew Reinke, Youssef M. Marzouk, Nathaniel Thomas Howard, and J. W. Hughes
- Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Bayesian probability ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Inference ,Applied Physics (physics.app-ph) ,Bayesian inference ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Alcator C-Mod ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,0103 physical sciences ,Diffusion (business) ,010306 general physics ,Nested sampling algorithm ,Physics ,Physics - Applied Physics ,Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph) ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Physics - Plasma Physics ,Computational physics ,Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph) ,Strahl ,Nonlinear system ,Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability ,Physics - Computational Physics ,Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an) - Abstract
We present a fully Bayesian approach for the inference of radial profiles of impurity transport coefficients and compare its results to neoclassical, gyrofluid and gyrokinetic modeling. Using nested sampling, the Bayesian Impurity Transport InferencE (BITE) framework can handle complex parameter spaces with multiple possible solutions, offering great advantages in interpretative power and reliability with respect to previously demonstrated methods. BITE employs a forward model based on the pySTRAHL package, built on the success of the well-known STRAHL code [Dux, IPP Report, 2004], to simulate impurity transport in magnetically-confined plasmas. In this paper, we focus on calcium (Ca, Z=20) Laser Blow-Off injections into Alcator C-Mod plasmas. Multiple Ca atomic lines are diagnosed via high-resolution X-ray Imaging Crystal Spectroscopy and Vacuum Ultra-Violet measurements. We analyze a sawtoothing I-mode discharge for which neoclassical and turbulent (quasilinear and nonlinear) predictions are also obtained. We find good agreement in diffusion across the entire radial extent, while turbulent convection and density profile peaking are estimated to be larger in experiment than suggested by theory. Efforts and challenges associated with the inference of experimental pedestal impurity transport are discussed., 38 pages, 19 figures, submitted for publication in Nuclear Fusion
- Published
- 2020
16. Guest-Responsive Elastic Frustration 'On–Off' Switching in Flexible, Two-Dimensional Spin Crossover Frameworks
- Author
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Florence Ragon, Y. Maximilian Klein, Natasha F. Sciortino, Guy N. L. Jameson, Catherine E. Housecroft, Suzanne M. Neville, Casey G. Davies, Guillaume Chastanet, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Department of Chemistry [Basel], University of Basel (Unibas), Department of Chemistry & MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UNSW School of Chemistry [Sydney], University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), and The Australian Research Council is thanked for providing Discovery Grants and Research Fellowships to support this work at the University of Sydney and The University of New South Wales. The University of Otago, the MacDiarmid Institute, and The University of Melbourne are thanked for financial support. The University of Bordeaux, the CNRS, the Aquitaine Region are thanked for providing support. Access and use of the facilities of the APS were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357). Travel to the APS was funded by the International Synchrotron Access Program (ISAP) managed by the Australian Synchrotron and funded by the Australian Government. The University of Basel is acknowledged for support. We thank Dr. Gregory J. Halder, Prof. Cameron J. Kepert, and Katrina A. Zenere for discussions and assistance.
- Subjects
010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Porous Coordination Polymers ,Frustration ,[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry ,Computer Science::Computational Complexity ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Chemical physics ,Spin crossover ,Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Multistability ,media_common - Abstract
International audience; In this study we exploit the flexible nature of porous coordination polymers (PCPs) with integrated spin crossover (SCO) properties to manipulate the multistability of spin-state switching profiles. We previously reported the two-dimensional Hofmann-type framework [Fe(thtrz)2Pd(CN)4]·EtOH,H2O (1·EtOH,H2O), N-thiophenylidene-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine), displaying a distinctive two-step SCO profile driven by extreme elastic frustration. Here, we reveal a reversible release mechanism for this elastic frustration via stepwise guest removal from the parent phase (1·EtOH,H2O → 1·H2O → 1·Ø). Parallel variable temperature structural and magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal a synergistic framework flexing and “on–off” switching of multistep SCO character concomitant with the onset of guest evacuation. In particular, the two-step SCO properties in 1·EtOH,H2O are deactivated such that both the partially solvated (1·H2O) and desolvated (1·Ø) phases show abrupt and hysteretic one-step SCO behaviors with differing transition temperatures (1·H2O: T1/2↓: 215 T1/2↑: 235 K; 1·Ø: T1/2↓: 170 T1/2↑: 182 K). This “on–off” elastic frustration switching is also reflected in the light-induced excited spin state trapping (LIESST) properties of 1·EtOH,H2O and 1·Ø, with nonquantitative (ca. 50%, i.e., LS ↔ 1:1 HS:LS) and quantitative (ca. 100%, LS ↔ HS) photoinduced spin state conversion achieved under light irradiation (510 nm at 10 K), respectively. Conversely, the two-step SCO properties are retained in the water saturated phase 1·3H2O but with a subtle shift in transition temperatures. Comparative analysis of this and related materials reveals the distinct roles that indirect and direct guest interactions play in inducing, stabilizing, and quantifying elastic frustration and the importance of lattice flexibility in these porous framework architectures.
- Published
- 2018
17. VITALS: A Surrogate-Based Optimization Framework for the Accelerated Validation of Plasma Transport Codes
- Author
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Alexander Creely, Pablo Rodriguez-Fernandez, F. Sciortino, John Wright, Nathan Howard, Martin Greenwald, and Anne White
- Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Tokamak ,Computer science ,Active learning (machine learning) ,Mechanical Engineering ,Control engineering ,Plasma ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Power (physics) ,law.invention ,symbols.namesake ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,Alcator C-Mod ,law ,Error bar ,0103 physical sciences ,symbols ,General Materials Science ,010306 general physics ,Gaussian process ,Surrogate based optimization ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
Understanding transport in magnetically confined plasmas is critical for developing predictive models for future devices such as ITER. Thanks to recent progress in simulation and theory, along with enhanced computational power and better diagnostic systems, direct and quantitative comparisons between experimental results and models is possible. However, validating transport models using additional constraints and accounting for experimental uncertainties still remains a formidable task. In this work, a new optimization framework is developed to address the issue of constrained validation of transport models. The Validation via Iterative Training of Active Learning Surrogates (VITALS) framework exploits surrogate-based strategies using Gaussian processes and sequential parameter updates to achieve the combination of plasma parameters that matches experimental transport measurements within diagnostic error bars. VITALS is successfully implemented to study L-mode plasmas in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak,...
- Published
- 2018
18. Modeling of particle transport, neutrals and radiation in magnetically-confined plasmas with Aurora
- Author
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Richard Reksoatmodjo, Jeremy Lore, Saskia Mordijck, Orso Meneghini, Nathan Howard, Sterling Smith, Tomas Odstrcil, Earl Marmar, A. Cavallaro, F. Sciortino, and O. Linder
- Subjects
FOS: Physical sciences ,Applied Physics (physics.app-ph) ,Radiation ,Effective radiated power ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,0103 physical sciences ,010306 general physics ,Neutral particle ,Spectroscopy ,Physics ,Range (particle radiation) ,Magnetic confinement fusion ,Charge (physics) ,Physics - Applied Physics ,Plasma ,Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph) ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Physics - Plasma Physics ,3. Good health ,Computational physics ,Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph) ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability ,Physics - Computational Physics ,Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an) - Abstract
We present Aurora, an open-source package for particle transport, neutrals and radiation modeling in magnetic confinement fusion plasmas. Aurora's modern multi-language interface enables simulations of 1.5D impurity transport within high-performance computing frameworks, particularly for the inference of particle transport coefficients. A user-friendly Python library allows simple interaction with atomic rates from the Atomic Data and Atomic Structure database as well as other sources. This enables a range of radiation predictions, both for power balance and spectroscopic analysis. We discuss here the superstaging approximation for complex ions, as a way to group charge states and reduce computational cost, demonstrating its wide applicability within the Aurora forward model and beyond. Aurora also facilitates neutral particle analysis, both from experimental spectroscopic data and other simulation codes. Leveraging Aurora's capabilities to interface SOLPS-ITER results, we demonstrate that charge exchange is unlikely to affect the total radiated power from the ITER core during high performance operation. Finally, we describe the ImpRad module in the OMFIT framework, developed to enable experimental analysis and transport inferences on multiple devices using Aurora., 8 pages + references, 5 figures
- Published
- 2021
19. Diverted negative triangularity plasmas on DIII-D: the benefit of high confinement without the liability of an edge pedestal
- Author
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A. Marinoni, M.E. Austin, A.W. Hyatt, S. Saarelma, F. Scotti, Z. Yan, C. Chrystal, S. Coda, F. Glass, J.M. Hanson, A.G. McLean, D.C. Pace, C. Paz-Soldan, C.C. Petty, M. Porkolab, L. Schmitz, F. Sciortino, S.P. Smith, K.E. Thome, F. Turco, and null the DIII-D Team
- Subjects
Shear (sheet metal) ,Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Pedestal ,DIII-D ,Plasma ,Mechanics ,Edge (geometry) ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Ballooning - Published
- 2021
20. The very high n Rydberg series of Ar16+ in Alcator C-Mod tokamak plasmas
- Author
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Earl Marmar, N. M. Cao, Matthew Reinke, Richard Reksoatmodjo, Saskia Mordijck, M. Gu, F. Sciortino, John Rice, Jerry Hughes, and James Irby
- Subjects
Physics ,Electron density ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,symbols.namesake ,Alcator C-Mod ,Ionization ,Excited state ,Principal quantum number ,Rydberg formula ,symbols ,Emission spectrum ,Atomic physics ,Ground state - Abstract
X-ray transitions of the very high n Rydberg series in Ar^16+ have been observed from Alcator C-Mod tokamak plasmas. Individual emission lines up to 1s16p - 1s^2 have been resolved and the central chord line brightnesses with principal quantum number n between 7 and 16 are generally found to decay as 1/n^α, with α slightly larger than 3. In the plasma periphery, emission from 1s9p - 1s^2 and 1s10p - 1s^2 are found to be significantly enhanced relative to this decrease, indicative of selected population of these levels through charge exchange between background neutral deuterium in the ground state and Ar^17+. An unresolved feature between the wavelengths of 1s27p -1s^2 and 1s30p - 1s^2 is also present, which arises through charge exchange with neutral deuterium in the n* = 3 excited state. The brightnesses of transitions populated by charge exchange are spatially up/down asymmetric, with an excess on the side of the magnetic surface X-point. The relative brightness of the unresolved very high n feature compared to 1s7p - 1s^2 is found to increase with electron temperature and decrease with electron density. Simulations of line emission just on the long wavelength side of the Ar^16+ ionization limit indicate that the principal quantum number decay exponent is closer to α = 4 at very high n. The brightness dependence on n below 16 is in excellent agreement with calculations from the FAC package.
- Published
- 2021
21. The role of ion and electron-scale turbulence in setting heat and particle transport in the DIII-D ITER baseline scenario
- Author
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Jeff Candy, Martin Greenwald, Christopher Holland, Anne White, T. L. Rhodes, Pablo Rodriguez-Fernandez, Nathan Howard, and F. Sciortino
- Subjects
Nuclear physics ,Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,DIII-D ,Scale (ratio) ,Turbulence ,Gyrokinetics ,Electron ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Baseline (configuration management) ,Particle transport ,Ion - Published
- 2021
22. Gyrokinetic simulation of turbulence and transport in the SPARC tokamak
- Author
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Jeff Candy, F. Sciortino, Christopher Holland, Martin Greenwald, Nathan Howard, Pablo Rodriguez-Fernandez, and J. E. Rice
- Subjects
Physics ,Tokamak ,Turbulence ,Plasma ,Electron ,Fusion power ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Kinetic energy ,Computational physics ,law.invention ,Ion ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,law ,Gyrokinetics - Abstract
The turbulence and transport expected in the SPARC tokamak Primary Reference Discharge (PRD) [P. Rodriguez-Fernandez et al., J. Plasma Phys. 86, 865860503 (2020)] have been investigated with the gyrokinetic code CGYRO [J. Candy et al., J. Comput. Phys. 324, 73–93 (2016)]. Linear and nonlinear simulations that focus on ion ( k θ ρ s 1.0) turbulence were used to probe the nature of the turbulence and the resulting transport in the fusion core. It is found that in the SPARC PRD, ion temperature gradient (ITG) turbulence is expected to dominate transport over most of the profile with some potential trapped electron mode impact in the near edge. Stiff turbulence is observed over a part of the plasma core such that SPARC's ion temperature profile will likely be pinned to just above the critical gradient for ITG. The role of electromagnetic turbulence, rotation, and electron-scale turbulence was investigated to provide some insight into the physics required to accurately predict SPARC performance via gyrokinetics. Additionally, predictions of impurity peaking for potential low- and high-Z SPARC first-wall materials are probed using ion-scale simulation. The dominance of low-k turbulence in SPARC provides a potential opportunity for more tractable prediction of plasma profiles using nonlinear gyrokinetics. This work is the first step toward full gyrokinetic profile prediction of SPARC kinetic profiles and the resulting fusion power and plasma gain.
- Published
- 2021
23. Particle transport constraints via Bayesian spectral fitting of multiple atomic lines
- Author
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J. E. Rice, Nathan Howard, F. Sciortino, Earl Marmar, and N. M. Cao
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Physics ,Tokamak ,Plasma ,Bayesian inference ,01 natural sciences ,Resonance (particle physics) ,Spectral line ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Computational physics ,law.invention ,Ion ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Data analysis ,Electron temperature ,Instrumentation - Abstract
Optimized operation of fusion devices demands detailed understanding of plasma transport, a problem that must be addressed with advances in both measurement and data analysis techniques. In this work, we adopt Bayesian inference methods to determine experimental particle transport, leveraging opportunities from high-resolution He-like ion spectra in a tokamak plasma. The Bayesian spectral fitting code is used to analyze resonance (w), forbidden (z), intercombination (x, y), and satellite (k, j) lines of He-like Ca following laser blow-off injections on Alcator C-Mod. This offers powerful transport constraints since these lines depend differently on electron temperature and density, but also differ in their relation to Li-like, He-like, and H-like ion densities, often the dominant Ca charge states over most of the C-Mod plasma radius. Using synthetic diagnostics based on the AURORA package, we demonstrate improved effectiveness of impurity transport inferences when spectroscopic data from a progressively larger number of lines are included.
- Published
- 2021
24. Spin-State Patterning in an Iron(II) Tripodal Spin-Crossover Complex
- Author
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Kasun S. Athukorala Arachchige, Li Li, Christopher E. Marjo, Cameron J. Kepert, Alexander R. Craze, Feng Li, Janice R. Aldrich-Wright, Leonard F. Lindoy, Natasha F. Sciortino, Jack K. Clegg, Christopher McRae, Suzanne M. Neville, and Outi Mustonen
- Subjects
Phase transition ,Spin states ,Chemistry ,Stereochemistry ,General Chemical Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Plateau (mathematics) ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,0104 chemical sciences ,lcsh:Chemistry ,Crystallography ,Phase change ,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,Spin crossover ,0210 nano-technology ,Spin-½ - Abstract
A mononuclear iron(II) complex that displays a gradual two-step spin-crossover (SCO) transition is reported. The intermediate plateau (IP) occurs between HS0.40LS0.60 and HS0.30LS0.70 (HS = high spin; LS = low spin) ratios over the region of ca. 190–170 K. A phase change occurs at the IP, breaking the symmetry, resulting in six independent SCO sites compared to one at the 100% HS and LS plateau regions, respectively. Variable-temperature X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the SCO behavior is completely reversible among the HS, IP, and LS regions. The results both confirm and extend the related results for the above system described by Halcrow et al. (KulmaczewskiR.; CespedesO.; HalcrowM. A.Gradual Thermal Spin-Crossover Mediated By a Reentrant Z′ = 1 → Z′ = 6 → Z′ = 1 Phase Transition, Inorg. Chem. 2017, 56, 3144−314828244751) in a recent report.
- Published
- 2017
25. Neutron diagnostics for the physics of a high-field, compact, Q ≥ 1 tokamak
- Author
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Samuel Frank, W. McCarthy, F. Sciortino, E.A. Tolman, Z.S. Hartwig, Brandon Sorbom, S. B. Ballinger, Bryan Linehan, Muni Zhou, Anne White, Aaron Rosenthal, Adam Kuang, Alexander Sandberg, Raspberry Simpson, L. M. Milanese, Julian Picard, T. Mouratidis, Alexander Creely, Pablo Rodriguez-Fernandez, Kevin Montes, Roy Tinguely, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Plasma Science and Fusion Center
- Subjects
Physics ,Neutron transport ,Tokamak ,Spectrometer ,Mechanical Engineering ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Fusion power ,Radiation ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,law.invention ,Nuclear physics ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,Neutron flux ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Neutron source ,General Materials Science ,Neutron ,010306 general physics ,Nuclear Experiment ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
Advancements in high temperature superconducting technology have opened a path toward high-field, compact fusion devices. This new parameter space introduces both opportunities and challenges for diagnosis of the plasma. This paper presents a physics review of a neutron diagnostic suite for a SPARC-like tokamak [Greenwald et al., 2018, https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/OYYBNU ]. A notional neutronics model was constructed using plasma parameters from a conceptual device, called the MQ1 (Mission Q ≥ 1) tokamak. The suite includes time-resolved micro-fission chamber (MFC) neutron flux monitors, energy-resolved radial and tangential magnetic proton recoil (MPR) neutron spectrometers, and a neutron camera system (radial and off-vertical) for spatially-resolved measurements of neutron emissivity. Geometries of the tokamak, neutron source, and diagnostics were modeled in the Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code MCNP6 to simulate expected signal and background levels of particle fluxes and energy spectra. From these, measurements of fusion power, neutron flux and fluence are feasible by the MFCs, and the number of independent measurements required for 95% confidence of a fusion gain Q ≥ 1 is assessed. The MPR spectrometer is found to consistently overpredict the ion temperature and also have a 1000× improved detection of alpha knock-on neutrons compared to previous experiments. The deuterium-tritium fuel density ratio, however, is measurable in this setup only for trace levels of tritium, with an upper limit of nT/nD ≈ 6%, motivating further diagnostic exploration. Finally, modeling suggests that in order to adequately measure the self-heating profile, the neutron camera system will require energy and pulse-shape discrimination to suppress otherwise overwhelming fluxes of low energy neutrons and gamma radiation.
- Published
- 2019
26. Heteroatom substitution effects in spin crossover dinuclear complexes
- Author
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Catherine E. Housecroft, Suzanne M. Neville, Richard I. Cooper, John E. Clements, Natasha F. Sciortino, Cameron J. Kepert, Y. Maximilian Klein, Samantha Zaiter, Charlotte Kirk, and Matthew D. Taylor
- Subjects
Inorganic Chemistry ,Crystallography ,010405 organic chemistry ,Spin crossover ,Chemistry ,Heteroatom ,010402 general chemistry ,Spin (physics) ,01 natural sciences ,Structural evolution ,0104 chemical sciences - Abstract
We probe the effect of heteroatom substitution on the spin crossover (SCO) properties of dinuclear materials of the type [Fe2(NCX)4(R-trz)5]·S (X = S, Se; S = solvent; R-trz = (E)-N-(furan-2-ylmethylene)- 4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine (furtrz); (E)-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-4-amine (thtrz)). For the furtrz family ([Fe2(NCX)4(furtrz)5]·furtrz·MeOH; X = S (furtrz-S) and X = Se (furtrz-Se)) gradual and incomplete one-step SCO transitions are observed (furtrz-S (T1/2 = 172 K) and furtrz-Se (T1/2 = 205 K)) and a structural evolution from [HS-HS] to [HS-LS] per dinuclear species. Contrasting this, within the thtrz family ([Fe2(NCX)4(thtrz)5]·4MeOH; X = S (thtrz-S) and X = Se (thtrz-Se)) more varied SCO transitions are observed, with thtrz-S being SCO-inactive (high spin) and thtrz-Se showing a rare complete two-step SCO transition (T1/2(1,2) = 170, 200 K) in which the FeII sites transition from [HS-HS] to [HS-LS] to [LS-LS] per dinuclear unit with no long range ordering of spin-states at the intermediate plateau. Detailed structure- function analyses have been conducted within this growing dinuclear family to rationalise these diverse spin-switching properties.
- Published
- 2019
27. Perturbative transport modeling of cold-pulse dynamics in Alcator C-Mod Ohmic plasmas
- Author
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F. Sciortino, C. Angioni, G. M. Staebler, Amanda Hubbard, J. E. Rice, Jerry Hughes, J. H. Irby, Martin Greenwald, Alexander Creely, Pablo Rodriguez-Fernandez, Nathan Howard, X. Yuan, Anne White, N. M. Cao, E. Fable, and Brian Grierson
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Pulse dynamics ,Electron ,Plasma ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Alcator C-Mod ,0103 physical sciences ,Transient response ,Atomic physics ,010306 general physics ,Phenomenology (particle physics) ,Current density ,Ohmic contact - Abstract
Perturbative transport experiments in magnetically confined plasmas have shown, for more than 20 years, that the injection of cold pulses at the plasma edge can trigger the increase of core temperature. Predictive heat transport simulations with the trapped gyro Landau fluid (TGLF) quasilinear transport model demonstrate that the increase of core temperature in some regimes, and lack thereof in other regimes, can be explained by a change in dominant linear micro-instability in Alcator C-Mod. The effect of density and plasma current on the cold pulse are well captured by TGLF, including the relative change in position of the temperature flex point as current density changes. Linear stability analysis of simulated density and current scans reveals a competition between trapped electron and ion temperature gradient modes as the main driver of the core transient response. These results further demonstrate that cold-pulse propagation and associated phenomenology in the cases studied are well explained within the local transport paradigm, without resorting to non-local effects.
- Published
- 2019
28. Dependence of the impurity transport on the dominant turbulent regime in ELM-y H-mode discharges on the DIII-D tokamak
- Author
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Christopher Holland, Theresa Wilks, George McKee, F. Sciortino, Colin Chrystal, Kathreen Thome, Nathan Howard, Eric Hollmann, and Tomas Odstrcil
- Subjects
Physics ,Tokamak ,DIII-D ,Electron ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,law.invention ,Ion ,Heat flux ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,law ,Impurity ,0103 physical sciences ,Gyrokinetics ,Atomic physics ,010306 general physics ,Order of magnitude - Abstract
Laser blow-off injections of aluminum and tungsten have been performed on the DIII-D tokamak to investigate the variation of impurity transport in a set of dedicated ion and electron heating scans with a fixed value of the external torque. The particle transport is quantified via the Bayesian inference method, which, constrained by a combination of a charge exchange recombination spectroscopy, soft x-ray measurements, and vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy provides a detailed uncertainty quantification of transport coefficients. Contrasting discharge phases with a dominant electron and ion heating reveal a threefold drop in the impurity confinement time and order of magnitude increase in midradius impurity diffusion, when additional electron heating is applied. Furthermore, the calculated stationary aluminum density profiles reverse from peaked in electron heated to hollow in the ion heated case, following a similar trend to electron and carbon density. Comparable values of a core diffusion have been observed for W and Al ions, while differences in the propagation dynamics of these impurities are attributed to pedestal and edge transport. Modeling of the core transport with non-linear gyrokinetics code CGYRO [J. Candy and E. Belly, J. Comput. Phys. 324, 73 (2016)], significantly underpredicts the magnitude of the variation in Al transport. Diffusion increases three-times steeper with additional electron heat flux, and 10-times lower diffusion is observed in ion heated case than predicted by the modeling. The CGYRO model quantitatively matches the increase in the Al diffusion when approaching the linear threshold for the transition from the ion temperature gradient to trapped electron mode.
- Published
- 2020
29. Why organizing a scientific conference can produce huge benefits
- Author
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F. Sciortino
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Societies, Scientific ,Teamwork ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Professional competence ,Public relations ,Congresses as Topic ,Research Personnel ,Group Processes ,Social Networking ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Professional Competence ,Humans ,Sociology ,Cooperative behavior ,Cooperative Behavior ,business ,Students ,media_common - Abstract
Convening a colloquium can help you to build your network and expand your teamwork skills, says Francesco Sciortino. Convening a colloquium can help you to build your network and expand your teamwork skills.
- Published
- 2018
30. Demonstration of In Vitro Host-Guest Complex Formation and Safety of para-Sulfonatocalix[8]arene as a Delivery Vehicle for Two Antibiotic Drugs
- Author
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Yu Qing Elysia Ong, John D. Perry, Ryung Rae Kim, Zhengqi Cheng, Nial J. Wheate, Veysel Kayser, Yvonne E. Moussa, Esteban Cruz, and Natasha F. Sciortino
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Models, Molecular ,Pharmaceutical Science ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Medicinal chemistry ,Fluorescence spectroscopy ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Ciprofloxacin ,Pyridine ,Calixarene ,Isoniazid ,Humans ,Drug Carriers ,Bacteria ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Hydrogen bond ,Bacterial Infections ,Binding constant ,0104 chemical sciences ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Piperazine ,HEK293 Cells ,Proton NMR ,Calixarenes ,Fluorescence anisotropy - Abstract
The macrocycle para-sulfonatocalix[8]arene, sCX[8], was examined with 2 antibiotic drugs, ciprofloxacin (CIP) and isoniazid. The drugs were shown to form complexes with sCX[8] using proton nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis, fluorescence spectroscopy, and molecular modeling. Both drugs form 1:1 hydrated (H2O: 13%-14% w/w) host-guest complexes, with sCX[8] binding around the pyridine ring of isoniazid, and around the piperazine and cyclopropane rings of CIP. From proton nuclear magnetic resonance, the binding constant of isoniazid to sCX[8] was 6.8 (±0.3) × 103 M−1. Addition of 2 equivalents of sCX[8] to CIP resulted in a 58% decrease in fluorescence, and time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy of CIP doubles with sCX[8]. Each drug binds into the cavity of the macrocycle, with binding stabilized via combinations of hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, π-π stacking, and hydrophobic effects. The safety of sCX[8] was examined in vitro with human embryonic kidney 293 cells. The IC50 of sCX[8] was 559 μM, which is a minimum of 5-fold higher than the concentration that would be used in the clinic. The in vitro effect of sCX[8] on the action of CIP was examined on a panel of bacterial lines. The results showed that sCX[8] has no inherent antibiotic activity and had no negative effect on the action of CIP.
- Published
- 2018
31. Effects of Chain Transfer Agent and Temperature on Branching and β-Scission in Radical Polymerization of 2-Ethylhexyl Acrylate
- Author
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Marie A. Squire, Sarah L. Masters, Jean-Baptiste Lena, Michaël Deschamps, Natasha F. Sciortino, Gregory T. Russell, University of Canterbury [Christchurch], Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Réseau sur le stockage électrochimique de l'énergie (RS2E), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Université de Nantes (UN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
- Subjects
Polymers and Plastics ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Radical polymerization ,Chain transfer ,02 engineering and technology ,[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Branching (polymer chemistry) ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Polymer chemistry ,Materials Chemistry ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,0210 nano-technology ,2-ethylhexyl acrylate ,Bond cleavage ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2018
32. Explaining Cold-Pulse Dynamics in Tokamak Plasmas Using Local Turbulent Transport Models
- Author
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N. M. Cao, Martin Greenwald, F. Sciortino, Amanda Hubbard, X. Yuan, Alexander Creely, Pablo Rodriguez-Fernandez, Brian Grierson, G. M. Staebler, J. H. Irby, J. E. Rice, Jerry Hughes, Nathan Howard, and Anne White
- Subjects
Physics ,Tokamak ,Turbulence ,Pulse dynamics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Plasma ,Edge (geometry) ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,law.invention ,Computational physics ,Core electron ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,law ,Rise time ,0103 physical sciences ,010306 general physics ,Transport phenomena - Abstract
A long-standing enigma in plasma transport has been resolved by modeling of cold-pulse experiments conducted on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak. Controlled edge cooling of fusion plasmas triggers core electron heating on time scales faster than an energy confinement time, which has long been interpreted as strong evidence of nonlocal transport. This Letter shows that the steady-state profiles, the cold-pulse rise time, and disappearance at higher density as measured in these experiments are successfully captured by a recent local quasilinear turbulent transport model, demonstrating that the existence of nonlocal transport phenomena is not necessary for explaining the behavior and time scales of cold-pulse experiments in tokamak plasmas.
- Published
- 2018
33. High spin to low spin relaxation regime change in a multistep 3D spin-crossover material
- Author
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Natasha F. Sciortino, Cameron J. Kepert, Guillaume Chastanet, Suzanne M. Neville, Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, and the University of Bordeaux, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and the Aquitaine Region that supported this work. S. M. N. and C. J. K. thank the Australian Research Council for Discovery Project and Fellowship funding.
- Subjects
Phase transition ,Thermal hysteresis ,Condensed matter physics ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,LIESST ,0104 chemical sciences ,3. Good health ,Relaxation kinetics ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Spin crossover ,[CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry ,Spin relaxation ,Spin-½ - Abstract
International audience; The paper reports the study of the photoinduced high spin (HS) state lifetime in a multistep spin crossover compound. Despite the pronounced three-step transition of the [Fe(dpsme)Pt(CN)4]·2/3dpsme·xEtOH·yH2O {dpsme = 4,4′-di(pyridylthio)methane; EtOH = ethanol} 3D compound, neither the T(LIESST) nor the relaxation kinetics exhibits stepwise features. From the detailed investigation (experiments and simulations) of these relaxations and the observation of the light-induced thermal hysteresis, a phase transition around 58 K is suspected.
- Published
- 2018
34. Reversible Guest Binding in a Non‐Porous Fe II Coordination Polymer Host Toggles Spin Crossover
- Author
-
Cameron J. Kepert, Anders Lennartson, Natasha F. Sciortino, Peter D. Southon, Cathrine Frandsen, Christine J. McKenzie, Stergios Piligkos, and Steen Mørup
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,sorption ,Coordination polymer ,Organic Chemistry ,Thio ,General Chemistry ,Polymer ,Adiponitrile ,Catalysis ,host-guest systems ,Adduct ,coordination polymers ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Crystallography ,iron ,spin crossover ,chemistry ,Spin crossover ,Phase (matter) ,Acetone ,Organic chemistry - Abstract
Formation of either a dimetallic compound or a 1D coordination polymer of adiponitrile adducts of [Fe(bpte)] 2+ (bpte=[1,2-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)thio]ethane) can be controlled by the choice of counteranion. The iron(II) atoms of the bis(adiponitrile)-bridged dimeric complex [Fe 2(bpte) 2(μ 2-(NC(CH 2) 4CN) 2](SbF 6) 4 (2) are low spin at room temperature, as are those in the polymeric adiponitrile-linked acetone solvate polymer {[Fe(bpte)(μ 2-NC(CH 2) 4CN)](BPh 4) 2 Me 2CO} (3Me 2CO). On heating 3Me 2CO to 80°C, the acetone is abruptly removed with an accompanying purple to dull lavender colour change corresponding to a conversion to a high-spin compound. Cooling reveals that the desolvate 3 shows hysteretic and abrupt spin crossover (SCO) S=0虠S=2 behaviour centred at 205K. Non-porous 3 can reversibly absorb one equivalent of acetone per iron centre to regenerate the same crystalline phase of 3Me 2CO concurrently reinstating a low-spin state.
- Published
- 2015
35. Four-step iron(II) spin state cascade driven by antagonistic solid state interactions
- Author
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Jean François Létard, Gregory J. Halder, Maggie E. Corrigan, Cameron J. Kepert, Suzanne M. Neville, Katrina A. Zenere, Guillaume Chastanet, Natasha F. Sciortino, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, X-ray Science Division (XSD), Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Project funding from the Australian Research Council. Région Aquitaine. USA Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (Contract No. DE-AC02–06CH11357). the Australian Government.
- Subjects
Spin states ,010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Intermolecular force ,Solid-state ,[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Crystallography ,Nuclear magnetic resonance ,Cascade ,Spin crossover ,Lattice (order) ,[CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry - Abstract
International audience; A four-stepped cascade of Fe(II) high spin (HS) to low spin (LS) states is demonstrated in a family of 2-D Hofmann materials, [Fe3II(saltrz)6(MII(CN)4)3]·8(H2O) (MII = Pd (1Pd), Pt (1Pt); saltrz = (E)-2-(((4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)imino)methyl)phenol). Alongside the fully HS and LS Fe(II) states, fractional spin state stabilization occurs at HS/LS values of 5/6, 2/3, and 1/6. This unconventional spin state periodicity is driven by the presence of multiple spin crossover (SCO) active Fe(II) sites which are in subtly distinct environments driven by a network of antagonistic host–host and host–guest interactions. Alternating long- and short-range magnetostructural ordering is achieved over the five distinct spin state ratios HS1.0LS0.0, HS0.833LS0.167, HS0.667LS0.333, HS0.167LS0.833, and HS0.0LS1.0 owing to the flexibility of this 2-D interdigitated lattice topology interconnected by intermolecular interactions. A distinct wave-like spin state patterning is structurally evidenced for each intermediate phase.
- Published
- 2017
36. Exploiting Pressure To Induce a 'Guest-Blocked' Spin Transition in a Framework Material
- Author
-
Katrina A. Zenere, Lucía Piñeiro-López, Suzanne M. Neville, Karena W. Chapman, Florence Ragon, Cameron J. Kepert, Natasha F. Sciortino, José Antonio Real, Gregory J. Halder, and Peter D. Southon
- Subjects
Steric effects ,010405 organic chemistry ,Ligand ,Chemistry ,Stereochemistry ,Hydrostatic pressure ,Spin transition ,Internal pressure ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Crystallography ,Molecule ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Porosity ,Spin-½ - Abstract
A new functionalized 1,2,4-triazole ligand, 4-[(E)-2-(5-methyl-2-thienyl)vinyl]-1,2,4-triazole (thiome), was prepared to assess the broad applicability of strategically producing multistep spin transitions in two-dimensional Hofmann-type materials of the type [FeIIPd(CN)4(R-1,2,4-trz)2]·nH2O (R-1,2,4-trz = a 4-functionalized 1,2,4-triazole ligand). A variety of structural and magnetic investigations on the resultant framework material [FeIIPd(CN)4(thiome)2]·2H2O (A·2H2O) reveal that a high-spin (HS) to low-spin (LS) transition is inhibited in A·2H2O due to a combination of guest and ligand steric bulk effects. The water molecules can be reversibly removed with retention of the porous host framework and result in the emergence of an abrupt and hysteretic one-step spin transition due to the removal of guest internal pressure. A spin transition can, furthermore, be induced in A·2H2O (0–0.68 GPa) under hydrostatic pressure, as evidenced by variable-pressure structure and magnetic studies, resulting in a two-s...
- Published
- 2016
37. Predict-first experiments and modeling of perturbative cold pulses in the DIII-D tokamak
- Author
-
J. E. Rice, Pablo Rodriguez-Fernandez, Orso Meneghini, G. M. Staebler, X. Yuan, Nathan Howard, E. Fable, C. Angioni, Brian Grierson, T. L. Rhodes, Kathreen Thome, F. Sciortino, Tomas Odstrcil, Max E Austin, Lei Zeng, and Anne White
- Subjects
Physics ,Electron density ,Tokamak ,DIII-D ,Plasma ,Electron ,Collisionality ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,law.invention ,Computational physics ,Core (optical fiber) ,Core electron ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,010306 general physics - Abstract
Cold pulses are introduced in Ohmic DIII-D tokamak plasmas via injection of impurities with a laser blow-off system, revealing for the first time in this machine a quick increase in core electron temperature shortly after the edge cold-pulse injection at low collisionality. The experimental results are consistent with predict-first simulations of heat transport enabled by the Trapped Gyro-Landau-Fluid transport model. Measurements of electron density evolution during the cold-pulse propagation are enabled by a high time resolution density profile reflectometer. The density evolution reveals the quick propagation of a pulse from edge to core, which is a mechanism to transiently increase core temperature in low-collisionality plasmas. Local transport simulations with measured density evolution demonstrate that the core temperature response can indeed be explained by the stabilization of Trapped Electron Mode turbulence at low collisionality, thus providing confidence that local transport modeling is enough to explain cold-pulse propagation and associated phenomenology.Cold pulses are introduced in Ohmic DIII-D tokamak plasmas via injection of impurities with a laser blow-off system, revealing for the first time in this machine a quick increase in core electron temperature shortly after the edge cold-pulse injection at low collisionality. The experimental results are consistent with predict-first simulations of heat transport enabled by the Trapped Gyro-Landau-Fluid transport model. Measurements of electron density evolution during the cold-pulse propagation are enabled by a high time resolution density profile reflectometer. The density evolution reveals the quick propagation of a pulse from edge to core, which is a mechanism to transiently increase core temperature in low-collisionality plasmas. Local transport simulations with measured density evolution demonstrate that the core temperature response can indeed be explained by the stabilization of Trapped Electron Mode turbulence at low collisionality, thus providing confidence that local transport modeling is enough ...
- Published
- 2019
38. Soft Matter Self-Assembly
- Author
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C.N. Likos, F. Sciortino, E. Zaccarelli, C.N. Likos, F. Sciortino, and E. Zaccarelli
- Subjects
- Soft condensed matter--Congresses, Self-assembly (Chemistry)--Congresses
- Abstract
Self-assembly is one of the key concepts in contemporary soft condensed matter. It is an umbrella term which encompasses the various modes of spontaneous organization of micrometer-and submicrometer-sized particles into ordered structures of various degrees of complexity, yet it often relies on remarkably simple interactions and mechanisms. Self-assembly is one of the key principles used by nature to construct living matter, where it frequently takes place in a hierarchical fashion. This book contains the lectures from the Enrico Fermi summer school: Soft Matter Self-assembly, held in Varenna, Italy, in June and July 2015. The primary aim of the school was to cover the most exciting modern aspects of self-assembly in soft condensed matter physics, and to enable Ph.D. students and postdocs to engage with some of the most exciting and current topics in the physics of colloids through a series of mini-courses and seminars hosted by leading figures in the field. Subjects covered include: colloids with directional bonding; pathways of self-organization; self-assembly hydrodynamics; polymer structure and dynamics; liquid-crystal colloid dispersions; and self-organizing nanosystems. The proceedings also include two reprints from Reviews of Modern Physics, and will be of interest to both students and experts in the field.
- Published
- 2016
39. Structure and Magnetic Properties of the Spin Crossover Linear Trinuclear Complex [Fe3(furtrz)6(ptol)2(MeOH)4]·4(ptol)·4(MeOH) (furtrz: furanylidene-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine ptol: p-tolylsulfonate)
- Author
-
Catherine E. Housecroft, Suzanne M. Neville, Y. Klein, Natasha F. Sciortino, and Cameron J. Kepert
- Subjects
010405 organic chemistry ,Stereochemistry ,Ligand ,Cationic polymerization ,1,2,4-Triazole ,Crystal structure ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Magnetic susceptibility ,spin-crossover ,iron(II) ,trinuclear ,crystal structure ,magnetism ,1,2,4-triazole ,0104 chemical sciences ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Crystallography ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Spin crossover ,Materials Chemistry ,Molecule ,Amine gas treating - Abstract
The furan-functionalised 1,2,4-triazole ligand furanylidene-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine (furtrz) has been incorporated into the trinuclear complex Fe3(furtrz)6(ptol)2(MeOH)4]·4(ptol)·4(MeOH) (ptol = p-tolylsulfonate) composed of μ1,2-triazole bridges between iron(II) sites, as per one-dimensional chain materials, and terminally coordinated ptol anions and methanol molecules. Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal a gradual single-step spin crossover (SCO) behavior of one third of the iron(II) sites per trinuclear unit. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction below the transition (90 K) shows the central iron(II) sites undergo a HS to LS transition and the peripheral ones remain HS (HS = high spin; LS = low spin). This is a rare example of a cationic trinuclear SCO material where the discrete unit includes bound anions.
- Published
- 2016
40. Spin crossover intermediate plateau stabilization in a flexible 2-D Hofmann-type coordination polymer
- Author
-
Florence Ragon, Catherine E. Housecroft, Cameron J. Kepert, Natasha F. Sciortino, Y. Maximilian Klein, and Suzanne M. Neville
- Subjects
Condensed matter physics ,Chemistry ,Coordination polymer ,Metals and Alloys ,General Chemistry ,Type (model theory) ,Plateau (mathematics) ,Catalysis ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Spin crossover ,Materials Chemistry ,Ceramics and Composites - Abstract
The abrupt and hysteretic two-step spin crossover in a new triazole-based 2-D Hofmann-type complex shows a record breaking 120 K intermediate plateau (IP) region stabilized by negative cooperative interactions.
- Published
- 2014
41. Long-term outcome of a phase II study of docetaxel-based multimodality chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced carcinoma of the esophagus or gastroesophageal junction
- Author
-
Mark K. Ferguson, David F. Sciortino, Everett E. Vokes, Masha Kocherginsky, Kenneth A. Kesler, Daniel Haraf, Livia Szeto, Paul A. S. Fishkin, Ann M. Mauer, Rafat Ansari, Philip C. Hoffman, Nicholas W. Choong, James L. Wade, Alan Sandler, Mitchell C. Posner, and Stuart A. Krauss
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Esophageal Neoplasms ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Docetaxel ,Adenocarcinoma ,Gastroenterology ,Stomach Neoplasms ,Internal medicine ,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ,medicine ,Humans ,Survival rate ,Aged ,Neoplasm Staging ,Performance status ,business.industry ,Induction chemotherapy ,Chemoradiotherapy ,Hematology ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Esophageal cancer ,medicine.disease ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Surgery ,Survival Rate ,Regimen ,Treatment Outcome ,Oncology ,Esophagectomy ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Female ,Taxoids ,Cisplatin ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
We performed a phase II trial to evaluate a docetaxel-based regimen in locoregionally advanced esophageal cancer. Untreated stage II-IVa esophageal cancer patients with performance status 0-2 were included. Tumor resectability was determined prior to initiation of study. Induction docetaxel (75 mg/m(2)) and cisplatin (75 mg/m(2)) day 1 with prophylactic filgrastim was delivered every 21 days for 3 cycles. Subsequent concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) utilized weekly docetaxel (20 mg/m(2)) and concurrent radiotherapy (2 Gy/day) in resectable/resected patients (50 Gy) and in unresectable patients (66 Gy). A total of 78 patients (15 squamous cell carcinoma, 60 adenocarcinoma, 3 mixed/undifferentiated; 68 men, 10 women; median age 61 years) were accrued. The regimen was administered to 59 (76%) potentially resectable patients and 13 (17%) unresectable patients; 6 patients (8%) received the regimen post-operatively. Response rate in 66 evaluable patients following induction chemotherapy was 30%. Sixty-nine patients underwent CRT. Ten patients had disease progression during CRT. Forty-five out of 59 potentially resectable patients underwent esophagectomy after CRT, and 42 patients had complete tumor resection with negative margins. Eighteen out of 59 patients who were potentially resectable patients had pathologic complete response (pCR-31%). Grade 3/4 toxicity during induction chemotherapy included leucopenia, neutropenia, vomiting, and neuropathy. Esophagitis was the predominant toxicity during CRT. Median overall survival was 11.4 months for unresectable patients, 14.3 months for resectable patients and 10.4 months for patients who received the regimen post-operatively (log-rank P = 0.2492). Docetaxel-based CRT regimen is active and tolerable in esophageal cancer. The observed pCR in the potentially resectable group indicates good local control.
- Published
- 2010
42. Physics of Complex Colloids
- Author
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C. Bechinger, F. Sciortino, P. Ziherl, C. Bechinger, F. Sciortino, and P. Ziherl
- Subjects
- Colloids--Congresses
- Abstract
Colloids are systems comprised of particles of mesoscopic size suspended in a liquid. They have recently been attracting increased attention from scientists and engineers due to the fact that they are nowadays present in many industrial products such as paints, oil additives, electronic ink displays and drugs. Colloids also serve as versatile model systems for phenomena and structures from solid-state physics, surface science and statistical mechanics, and can easily be studied using tabletop experiments to provide insight into processes not readily accessible in atomic systems. This book presents the lectures delivered at the 2012 Enrico Fermi School ‘Physics of Complex Colloids', held in Varenna, Italy, in July 2012. The school addressed experimental, theoretical and numerical results and methods, and the lectures covered a broad spectrum of topics from the starting point of the synthesis of colloids and their use in commercial products. The lectures review the state-of-the-art of colloidal science in a pedagogical way, discussing both the basics and the latest results, and this book will serve as a reference for both students and experts in this rapidly growing field.
- Published
- 2013
43. Multifunctional MOFs through CO2 fixation: a metamagnetic kagome lattice with uniaxial zero thermal expansion and reversible guest sorption
- Author
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Natasha F. Sciortino, Tony D. Keene, Michael J. Murphy, Cameron J. Kepert, Peter D. Southon, and Jason R. Price
- Subjects
Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,010405 organic chemistry ,Carbon fixation ,Thermodynamics ,Sorption ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Thermal expansion ,0104 chemical sciences ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Adsorption ,Lattice (order) ,Copper carbonate ,Desolvation ,Metamagnetism - Abstract
The properties of atmospheric CO2 fixation, metamagnetism, reversible guest adsorption and zero thermal expansion have been combined in a single robust MOF, [Cu3(bpac)3(CO3)2](ClO4)2·H2O (1·H2O). This compound is a ditopically-bridged copper carbonate kagome lattice where desolvation of the MOF allows subtle tuning of the metamagnetic and uniaxial ZTE behaviour.
- Published
- 2014
44. Thermal- and light-induced spin-crossover bistability in a disrupted Hofmann-type 3D framework
- Author
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Cameron J. Kepert, Boujemaa Moubaraki, Jean-François Létard, Suzanne M. Neville, Keith S. Murray, Natasha F. Sciortino, School of Chemistry, Monash University [Clayton], Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université de Bordeaux (UB), and The University of Sydney
- Subjects
Inorganic Chemistry ,Crystallography ,Bistability ,Ligand ,Chemistry ,Stereochemistry ,Spin crossover ,Bent molecular geometry ,Thermal ,Light induced ,[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Linker - Abstract
International audience; The expected 3D and 2D topologies resulting from combining approximately linear bis- or monopyridyl ligands with [Fe(II)M(II)(CN)4] (M(II) = Pt, Pd, Ni) 4,4-grid sheets are well established. We show here the magnetic and structural consequences of incorporating a bent bispyridyl linker ligand in combination with [Fe(II)Pt(II)(CN)4] to form the material [Fe(H2O)2Fe(DPSe)2(Pt(CN)4)2]*3EtOH (DPSe = 4,4'-dipyridylselenide). Structural investigations reveal an unusual connectivity loosely resembling a 3D Hofmann topology where (1) there are two distinct local iron(II) environments, [Fe(II)N6] (Fe1) and [Fe(II)N4O2] (Fe2), (2) as a consequence of axial water coordination to Fe2, there are "holes" in the [Fe(II)Pt(II)(CN)4] 4,4 sheets because of some of the cyanido ligands being terminal rather than bridging, and (3) bridging of adjacent sheets occurs only through one in two DPSe ligands, with the other acting as a terminal ligand binding through only one pyridyl group. The magnetic properties are defined by this unusual topology such that only Fe1 is in the appropriate environment for a high-spin to low-spin transition to occur. Magnetic susceptibility data reveal a complete and abrupt hysteretic spin transition (T1/2↓ = 120 K and T1/2↑ = 130 K) of this iron(II) site; Fe2 remains high-spin. This material additionally exhibits a photomagnetic response (uncommon for Hofmann-related materials), showing light-induced excited spin-state trapping [LIESST; T(LIESST) = 61 K] with associated bistability evidenced in a hysteresis loop (T1/2↓ = 60 K and T1/2↑ = 66 K).
- Published
- 2014
45. An investigation of photo- and pressure-induced effects in a pair of isostructural two-dimensional spin-crossover framework materials
- Author
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Natasha F. Sciortino, José Antonio Real, Keith S. Murray, Suzanne M. Neville, Cameron J. Kepert, Víctor Martínez, Jean-François Létard, Cédric Desplanches, Boujemaa Moubaraki, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Monash University [Clayton], Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), and Universitat de València (UV)
- Subjects
010405 organic chemistry ,Chemistry ,Iron ,Organic Chemistry ,Spin transition ,Mineralogy ,General Chemistry ,[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry ,Atmospheric temperature range ,010402 general chemistry ,Spin crossover ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,LIESST ,0104 chemical sciences ,Coordination polymers ,Chalcogen ,Crystallography ,Excited state ,Metastability ,Magnetic properties ,Chalcogens ,Isostructural - Abstract
International audience; Two new isostructural iron(II) spin-crossover (SCO) framework (SCOF) materials of the type [Fe(dpms)2 (NCX)2 ] (dpms=4,4'-dipyridylmethyl sulfide; X=S (SCOF-6(S)), X=Se (SCOF-6(Se))) have been synthesized. The 2D framework materials consist of undulating and interpenetrated rhomboid (4,4) nets. SCOF-6(S) displays an incomplete SCO transition with only approximately 30 % conversion of high-spin (HS) to low-spin iron(II) sites over the temperature range 300-4 K (T1/2 =75 K). In contrast, the NCSe(-) analogue, SCOF-6(Se), displays a complete SCO transition (T1/2 =135 K). Photomagnetic characterizations reveal quantitative light- induced excited spin-state trapping (LIESST) of metastable HS iron(II) sites at 10 K. The temperature at which the photoinduced stored information is erased is 58 and 50 K for SCOF-6(S) and SCOF-6(Se), respectively. Variable-pressure magnetic measurements were performed on SCOF-6(S), revealing that with increasing pressure both the T1/2 value and the extent of spin conversion are increased; with pressures exceeding 5.2 kbar a complete thermal transition is achieved. This study confirms that kinetic trapping effects are responsible for hindering a complete thermally induced spin transition in SCOF-6(S) at ambient pressure due to an interplay between close T1/2 and T(LIESST) values.
- Published
- 2014
46. Thermal spin crossover behaviour of two-dimensional Hofmann-type coordination polymers incorporating photoactive ligands
- Author
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Korcan Yaksi, Natasha F. Sciortino, Jean-François Létard, Suzanne M. Neville, Guillaume Chastanet, Deanna M. D'Alessandro, Florence Ragon, Cameron J. Kepert, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Australian Research Council, and Advanced Photon Source (APS) was supported by the USA Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (Contract No. DE-AC02–06CH11357)
- Subjects
Absorption spectroscopy ,Spin states ,010405 organic chemistry ,Ligand ,Chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Crystal structure ,[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,LIESST ,0104 chemical sciences ,Crystallography ,Spin crossover ,Excited state ,Physical chemistry ,Density functional theory - Abstract
International audience; Two spin crossover (SCO)-active 2D Hofmann-type framework materials, [Fe(3-PAP)2Pd(CN)4] (A) and [Fe(4-PAP)2Pd(CN)4] (B) containing the photoactive azo-benzene-type ligands 3-phenylazo-pyridine (3-PAP) and 4-phenylazo-pyridine (4-PAP) were prepared. These materials form non-porous Hofmann-type structures whereby 2D [FeIIPd(CN)4] grids are separated by 3- or 4-PAP ligands. The iron(ii) sites of both materials (A and B) undergo abrupt and hysteretic spin transitions with characteristic transition temperatures T1/2↓,↑: 178, 190 K (ΔT: 12 K) and T1/2↓,↑: 233, 250 K (ΔT: 17 K), respectively. Photo-magnetic characterisations reveal light-induced excited spin state trapping (LIESST) activity in both A and B with characteristic T(LIESST) values of 45 and 40 K. Although both free ligands show trans- to-cis isomerisation in solution under UV-irradiation, as evidenced via absorption spectroscopy, such photo-activity was not observed in the ligands or complexes A and B in the solid state. Structural analysis of a further non-SCO active isomer to B, [Fe(4-PAP)2Pd(CN)4]·1/2(4-PAP) (B·(4-PAP)), which contains free ligand in the pore space is reported.
- Published
- 2014
47. SBS Suppression Using a Multichannel Tunable Laser with Data-Encoding Capability
- Author
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Tawee Tanbun-Ek, L. Eskildsen, Gerald Nykolak, Andrew John Stentz, L.E. Adams, Paul F. Sciortino, and Arthur Mike Sergent
- Subjects
Materials science ,business.industry ,dBm ,Signal ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Optics ,Modulation ,Brillouin scattering ,Wavelength-division multiplexing ,business ,Frequency modulation ,Tunable laser ,Communication channel - Abstract
We demonstrate stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) using a new laser transmitter. The device uses an integrated FM modulator for both SBS suppression and channel tuning, and an integrated AM modulator for data encoding. We measure thresholds of ∼ 25 dBm on four separate wavelength division multiplexing channels. The required modulation signal is very small, 95 mV pp , and the residual AM is only ∼ 1%.
- Published
- 1998
48. A phase II study of 9-aminocamptothecin in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer
- Author
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S. Krauss, Thomas E. Lad, Harvey M. Golomb, A. Klepsch, P. A. S. Fishkin, R. H. Ansari, D. F. Sciortino, Everett E. Vokes, Mark J. Ratain, G. A. Masters, and Philip C. Hoffman
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Chemotherapy ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Phases of clinical research ,Hematology ,Neutropenia ,medicine.disease ,Gastroenterology ,Chemotherapy regimen ,Surgery ,Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor ,Oncology ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Aminocamptothecin ,business ,Lung cancer ,Survival rate - Abstract
Summary Background 9-Aminocamptothecin (9-AC) is a synthetic analogue of camptothecin. Phase I studies, identified the maximum tolerated dose as 1416 μg/m2/day × 3 as continuous intravenous infusion (CVI) with dose-limiting neutropenia. Patients and methods Eligible patients had stage IIIB or IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with measurable disease. Patients were initially treated at 1416 μg/m2/d × 3 by CVI followed by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) support. This dose was decreased to 1100 μg/m2/d after the first 13 patients. Cycles were repeated every 14 days until tumor progression. Results Fifty-eight patients were treated, thirteen at 1416 μg/m2/d and 45 at 1100 μg/m2/d. Fifty percent had adenocarcinoma and 17% squamous cell carcinoma. Seventy-one percent had stage IV disease. Five patients had a partial response (response duration 9–28 weeks) for an overall response rate of 8.6%, (95% confidence intervals (CI): 2.9%–19%). Median time to progression was 2.3 months and the median survival for the entire study population 5.4 months with a one-year survival rate of 30%. The one-year survival rate for 27 patients who received second line chemotherapy was 56.7%. Toxicities at 1416 μg/m2/d included grade 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in six and five of 13 patients, respectively; at 1100 μg/m2/d these toxicities were observed in 12 and three of 45 patients, respectively. Conclusion 9-AC has modest single-agent activity in previously untreated NSCLC. Its further evaluation at the dose and schedule employed in this study does not seem indicated. Exploration of more prolonged administration schedules may be warranted.
- Published
- 1998
49. Hysteretic Three-Step Spin Crossover in a Thermo- and Photochromic 3D Pillared Hofmann-type Metal-Organic Framework
- Author
-
Gregory J. Halder, Jean-François Létard, Katrin R. Scherl‐Gruenwald, Cameron J. Kepert, Karena W. Chapman, Natasha F. Sciortino, Guillaume Chastanet, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université de Bordeaux (UB), and X-ray Science Division (XSD)
- Subjects
Hofmann framework ,Chemistry ,010405 organic chemistry ,Molecular electronics ,Nanotechnology ,General Chemistry ,General Medicine ,[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry ,engineering.material ,Metal-organic frameworks ,010402 general chemistry ,Spin crossover ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,Magnetic field ,0104 chemical sciences ,Photochromism ,Type metal ,Photophysics ,Chemical physics ,engineering ,Spin-½ - Abstract
The integration of spin crossover (SCO) centers into porousframework materials is leading to the emergence of newfamilies of functional solids that display a range of interestingand potentially useful physicochemical properties. This mate-rialsdesignapproachgivesrisetoauniquemolecularscenarioin which factors that govern the spin switching response (e.g.,temperature, pressure, light, magnetic field, and chemicalenvironment) are newly intertwined with highly cooperativestructure–function relationships, and potentially also with thedynamic host–guest chemistry of the materials.
- Published
- 2012
50. Self-assembled Co(II) molecular squares incorporating the bridging ligand 4,7-phenanthrolino-5,6:5',6'-pyrazine
- Author
-
Cameron J. Kepert, Deanna M. D'Alessandro, Laurence Goux-Capes, Feng Li, Jack K. Clegg, Tony D. Keene, and Natasha F. Sciortino
- Subjects
Pyrazine ,Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Bridging ligand ,Intervalence charge transfer ,Photochemistry ,Chloride ,Self assembled ,Inorganic Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Polymer chemistry ,medicine ,Cobalt ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Three high-spin tetranuclear cobalt(II) complexes have been prepared with the bridging ligand 4,7-phenanthrolino-5,6:5′,6′-pyrazine (ppz) through metal-ion directed self-assembly. The complexes differ by the incorporation of three different coordinating anions: chloride, thiocyanide and selenocyanide. The physical properties of these complexes have been investigated in detail.
- Published
- 2011
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