100 results on '"F. Savall"'
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2. Analyses of the inferior turbinate using 3D geometric morphometrics: an anatomical study and discussion of the potential clinical implications
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Guillaume de Bonnecaze, N. Telmon, S. Vergez, P. Chaynes, E. Serrano, and F. Savall
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inferior turbinate ,anatomy ,gender dimorphism ,age-related differences ,metric analysis ,Otorhinolaryngology ,RF1-547 - Abstract
Background: The inferior turbinate is probably the most important anatomical structure within the nasal airway. However, relatively little is known concerning its 3D anatomy. Complete removal of the IT may lead to severe functional disorders and reconstruction is often necessary. Methods: We performed an anatomical study using modern 3D reconstruction tools (Amira 5.4.2 software). The study was conducted on 200 inferior turbinates obtained from CT-scanned images. Metric and morphological analyses were performed. Our aim was to assess 3D polymorphism of the inferior turbinate in humans, and to evaluate gender dimorphism and age-related differences. Results: Anatomical characteristics of the inferior turbinate were poorly heterogeneous. Metric analyses revealed no gender dimorphism or age-related differences, except in the elderly, where the inferior turbinate was usually less curved. Morphological analyses defined that the mean shape was related to age and gender. Differences were limited and are summarized in this manuscript. Conclusions: This very reproducible methodology may have clinical applications regarding, e.g., sinonasal cancer or empty-nose syndrome.
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- 2018
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3. Caractéristiques de l’activité thanatologique de deux instituts médico-légaux français durant le confinement de 2020
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L. Krebs-Drouot, V. Scolan, F. Savall, F. Paysant, N. Telmon, E. Revel, and F. Chiron
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Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Published
- 2022
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4. Caractéristiques des violences répétées observées sur 10 années consécutives d’une consultation de médecine légale du vivant
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M. Vergnault, F. Savall, Norbert Telmon, A. Bascou, and A. Ramirez
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Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Abstract
Resume But de l’etude Cette etude retrospective s’interesse a la typologie des victimes de « violences volontaires » qui viennent a plusieurs reprises a l’unite medico-judiciaire de Toulouse pour le meme motif de violence. Patient et methode Entre mai et septembre 2019, 1821 individus ont ete vus a consultations de l’unite medico-judicaire pour des « violences volontaires ». Parmi ces individus, 284 avaient deja consulte durant les 10 annees precedentes dont 165 pour au moins 2 fois le meme motif. Resultats Le principal motif pour lequel les femmes consultent a l’unite medico-judicaire a plusieurs reprises est les violences conjugales (p Conclusion Cette approche devrait permettre d’identifier plus facilement les situations de violences a risques de devenir chroniques et repetees. Les UMJ pourraient prendre en compte ces donnees afin de faciliter une prise en charge globale de la victime pour l’aider a sortir de ce cycle de violences.
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- 2022
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5. Évaluation du dommage corporel en sénologie : une nécessaire évolution
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F. Hérin, V. Fernandez-Delpech, N. Telmon, F. Savall, and C. Vaysse
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business.industry ,Compensation (psychology) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Human sexuality ,medicine.disease ,Pleasure ,Breast cancer ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Reproductive Medicine ,medicine ,Psychology ,business ,Breast reconstruction ,Prejudice (legal term) ,Areola ,Reproductive health ,Clinical psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Breast damage is likely to result in compensation according to the principle of full compensation. However, breast damage, little covered in the scales usually used, requires a specific methodology. The quantification of functional prejudice must be done with regard to the age of the victim and must take into account the possible repercussions on mobility (shoulder and/or spine) as well as the psychological repercussions. Whether or not the nipple and areola are preserved should be described. Temporary aesthetic damage (before breast reconstruction) must be assessed on the basis of objective elements, its duration and quantification on a scale of 0 to 7. Permanent aesthetic damage takes into account scars, deformities, amputations and quality of the prosthesis. A new scale for evaluating permanent aesthetic damage is proposed. Sexual prejudice must take into account an impairment of the pleasure related to sexuality and its erotic function, in line with the concept of sexual health. However, even after reconstruction, the areas of quality of sexual life and sexual satisfaction often remain affected. An exploration using standardized questions from validated questionnaires such as BREAST-Q can be useful. The sequelae linked to the damage on a breast can also lead the woman to limit certain pleasure activities, in particular because of psychological discomfort or even be the cause of a loss of opportunity to carry out a family's life plan.
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- 2021
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- View/download PDF
6. Analysis of suicide in Toulouse: Recommendations on suicide prevention
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M. Vergnault, R. Costagliola, C. Guilbeau Frugier, F. Savall, Norbert Telmon, and Nihel Feki
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Public health ,Common method ,Suicide prevention ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,030216 legal & forensic medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,business ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Male predominance ,Demography - Abstract
Summary Worldwide, suicide remains a major public health problem whose impact in human and economic terms is important. Many studies have been carried out on this subject, including the study of risk factors for suicide. Nevertheless, in the absence of an effective and strengthened collaboration between the forensic institutes and the Epidemiological Centre on the Medical Causes of Death (CepiDc), epidemiological data concerning suicide in France remain underestimated, which impedes the implementation of an effective and necessary means of prevention against this scourge. In this work, we conducted an epidemiological profile of suicides at the forensic institute of Toulouse for 3 years. During the study period 715 cases of suicide were collected, with an overwhelming male predominance of 534 men (75%) and 181 women (25%). The average age was 53.94 years, with extremes of 12 and 101 years. Hanging was the most common method of suicide (41.7%) for both sex. Seasonal variations in the frequency of suicides were also reported during our study: lower frequencies in winter and higher frequencies in summer. Among the determinants of suicidal acts, depression (34.7%) was predominant among mental disorders in suicides.
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- 2021
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7. Technical note: age estimation by using pubic bone densitometry according to a twofold mode of CT measurement
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Olivier Dubourg, Norbert Telmon, Marie Faruch-Bilfeld, F. Savall, and Pauline Saint-Martin
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Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Bone density ,Pubic symphysis ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Correlation ,Bone Density ,Age Determination by Skeleton ,Hounsfield scale ,Linear regression ,medicine ,Humans ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Aged, 80 and over ,Orthodontics ,business.industry ,Mode (statistics) ,Pubic Symphysis ,Reproducibility of Results ,Forensic anthropology ,Middle Aged ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Linear Models ,Forensic Anthropology ,Female ,France ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,Densitometry ,business - Abstract
In forensic anthropology, age estimation is a major element in the determination of a biological profile and the identification of individuals. Thus, many anatomical structures have been studied, such as the pubic symphysis, which is a source of major interest due to its late maturation. One of the most well-known methods of assessment is the Suchey-Brooks (SB) system based on the morphological characteristics of the pubic symphysis. The aim of this study was to propose linear regression formulae in order to deduce chronological age from bone density, using both Hounsfield unit (HU), and mean bone density (mBD) values of the pubic symphysis. Moreover, we intended to test the reliability and then to explore the feasibility of using HU instead of mBD values for age estimation. We built retrospectively a reference sample of 400 pubic symphyses using computed tomography at a French hospital and a test sample of 120 pubic symphyses. Equations were created to establish linear regression models for age estimation. Inaccuracy and bias were calculated for individuals aged more or less than 40 years. We highlighted homogeneous mean absolute errors for both HU and mBD values, most of them being less than 10 years. Moreover, we reported a moderate overestimation for younger individuals and a very small underestimation for older individuals. This study proposes a correlation between the bone density and age of individuals with a valuable level of reliability. Finally, HU measurements seem to be suitable for linking bone density with the age of individuals in forensic practice.
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- 2020
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8. An automated landmark method to describe geometric changes in the human mandible during growth
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G. Fournier, D. Maret, N. Telmon, and F. Savall
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Otorhinolaryngology ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,General Dentistry - Published
- 2023
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9. Facteurs influençant l’indemnisation du préjudice sexuel en dommage corporel
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E. Pefferkorn, A. Bascou, E. Huyghe, N. Telmon, and F. Savall
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Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Published
- 2023
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10. Easy preservation protocol for SEM-EDX analysis of skin specimens in forensic context
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B. Payre, Norbert Telmon, Céline Guilbeau-Frugier, F. Savall, and R. Montoriol
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Forensic science ,Protocol (science) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Computer science ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Context (language use) ,030216 legal & forensic medicine ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Biomedical engineering ,Ambient air - Abstract
Summary The use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) is routinely used by scientific police and increasingly described on biological samples in forensic context. However, the pre-analytical conditions of such analyses are not standardised in forensic context and each operator designs its own protocol depending on his practice. Using SEM-EDS on unprepared samples can be destructive but above all encounters technical problems. In the judiciary system, using non-destructive techniques (or less destructive as possible) is attractive to allow reiterate analyses or complementary techniques. So, in this study we try to design a SEM-EDX pre-analytical protocol for hydrated biological samples considering forensic requirement. We tested a protocol with five fragments of the legs of pigs on which a sharp wound was produced. Samples were fixed in 4% formalin for 7 days then dehydrated with absolute ethanol over 48 hours. Samples were dried in ambient air for 24 hours and analysed with SEM-EDS. Anatomo-pathologic examination was performed afterward. Samples were then stored again for 7 days with the same protocol before being examined again. Particle detection was possible without any technical problems on each analysis. This protocol allows reiterated SEM-EDS analyses and anatomo-pathologic examination afterward. This technique is easy to enforce and cheap, and no adaptation of forensic practice is required. Such a protocol is a prerequisite to the spread of EDS analysis use in French forensic practice.
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- 2019
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11. Les décès en milieu de détention dans la région de Toulouse – étude autopsique entre 2011 et 2017
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Norbert Telmon, A. Blanc, S. Grill, F. Savall, R. Costagliola, and M. Chérif El Khal
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03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030216 legal & forensic medicine ,030227 psychiatry ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Abstract
Resume Introduction La personne en detention est sous la responsabilite et la protection de l’autorite judiciaire qui a decide de la mesure. De ce fait, tout deces chez une personne detenue est a priori considere comme suspect jusqu’a preuve du contraire. Objectifs Etudier les particularites des deces parmi les personnes detenues dans la region de Toulouse en France et proposer des mesures preventives afin de reduire les taux de mortalite dans les prisons. Materiels et methodes Une etude retrospective descriptive, colligeant tous les dossiers des personnes detenues decedees sur la region de Toulouse et qui ont ete autopsies dans le service de medecine legale CHU Rangueil de Toulouse durant une periode de 7 ans allant de 2011 a 2017. Resultats Nous avons collige 25 dossiers. Les decedes etaient de sexe masculin dans 24 cas avec une moyenne d’âge de 44,2 ans. Pres de la moitie des personnes detenues etaient celibataires, et 25 % etaient en couple. La mort des personnes detenues etait de cause naturelle dans 8 cas et de cause violente dans 17 cas. La mort suicidaire representait la quasi-totalite des morts violentes (16/17), et 4 moyens suicidaires differents ont ete retrouves : la pendaison, la phlebotomie, l’asphyxie mecanique par obstruction des voies aeriennes et l’auto-immolation. Conclusion Tout deces en detention est considere comme suspect parce que la personne privee de liberte a droit comme toute autre personne au respect de sa vie et de sa dignite. Ces deces relevent pour la plupart de causes violentes necessitant une reflexion en termes de prevention.
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- 2019
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12. Particularités de l’évaluation des souffrances endurées dans le cadre des expertises en responsabilité médicale
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Norbert Telmon, F. Savall, F. Hérin, V. Fernandez Delpech, Service de médecine légale, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Hôpital de Rangueil, and CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]
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03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030228 respiratory system ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences - Abstract
Resume Les souffrances endurees ont une forte valeur symbolique et leur evaluation necessite, pour l’expert, d’ecouter et de reproduire l’expression des souffrances dans toutes leurs particularites, notamment quand un accident medical fautif ou non est a l’origine de celles-ci. L’evaluation des souffrances, endurees dans le cadre des missions de responsabilite medicale, est aussi rendue plus complexe en raison, d’une part, de leur imbrication avec un etat anterieur et/ou les consequences normales de l’intervention et, d’autre part, des referentiels inadaptes, construits autour de lesions, en rapport avec la traumatologie routiere essentiellement. La souffrance represente une notion plus vaste que la douleur et son appreciation necessite de prendre en compte les differentes composantes de la perception douloureuse par la victime. L’expert doit integrer : la dimension sensorielle (douleur au sens propre) et les dimensions cognitivo-comportementale et emotionnelle, c’est-a-dire les circonstances de survenue et/ou de diagnostic de la complication, contexte, vecu de mort imminente, la souffrance induite par l’astreinte aux soins, le retentissement de la douleur sur le comportement quotidien. L’evaluation des souffrances endurees, dans le cadre des expertises en responsabilite medicale, necessite, pour le medecin expert, une bonne connaissance du cadre juridique qui peut conduire a des questionnements differents quant au perimetre de l’evaluation des souffrances. L’expert doit laisser la possibilite aux ayants droit de discuter d’un eventuel prejudice d’angoisse de mort imminente, dans le cas du deces du patient, ou d’un prejudice d’angoisse dans le cas d’une errance diagnostique.
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- 2020
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13. [Damage repair in breast cancer has to evolve]
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F, Hérin, C, Vaysse, F, Savall, V, Fernandez-Delpech, and N, Telmon
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Esthetics ,Patient Satisfaction ,Mammaplasty ,Nipples ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,Breast Neoplasms ,Female - Abstract
Breast damage is likely to result in compensation according to the principle of full compensation. However, breast damage, little covered in the scales usually used, requires a specific methodology. The quantification of functional prejudice must be done with regard to the age of the victim and must take into account the possible repercussions on mobility (shoulder and/or spine) as well as the psychological repercussions. Whether or not the nipple and areola are preserved should be described. Temporary aesthetic damage (before breast reconstruction) must be assessed on the basis of objective elements, its duration and quantification on a scale of 0 to 7. Permanent aesthetic damage takes into account scars, deformities, amputations and quality of the prosthesis. A new scale for evaluating permanent aesthetic damage is proposed. Sexual prejudice must take into account an impairment of the pleasure related to sexuality and its erotic function, in line with the concept of sexual health. However, even after reconstruction, the areas of quality of sexual life and sexual satisfaction often remain affected. An exploration using standardized questions from validated questionnaires such as BREAST-Q can be useful. The sequelae linked to the damage on a breast can also lead the woman to limit certain pleasure activities, in particular because of psychological discomfort or even be the cause of a loss of opportunity to carry out a family's life plan.
- Published
- 2020
14. Vécu des hommes victimes de violences conjugales : étude qualitative au sein de l’unité médicojudiciaire de Toulouse
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N. Telmon, F. Savall, L. Gimenez, E. Bontoux, C. Ploquin, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], and Hôpital de Rangueil
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03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,030216 legal & forensic medicine ,16. Peace & justice ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences - Abstract
Resume But de l’etude Le but de cette etude est d’explorer le vecu d’hommes victimes de violences conjugales. Patients et methode Nous avons realise une etude qualitative, par entretiens individuels semi-diriges, aupres d’hommes majeurs ayant consulte entre le 1er janvier et le 31 octobre 2017 a l’unite medicojudiciaire de l’hopital Rangueil a Toulouse. Resultats Neuf entretiens ont ete realises. L’âge moyen des hommes etait de 39 ans et la duree de relation moyenne avec l’auteur de violences etait de 9,2 ans. Les hommes etaient victimes, en premier lieu, de violences psychologiques. Les violences physiques apparaissaient secondairement et marquaient le point culminant des violences. Apres un intervalle libre, les violences s’installaient progressivement sans pouvoir identifier de facteur declenchant. Les hommes etaient portes a minimiser les actes de violences. Ils ne reconnaissaient pas les premieres manifestations comme des violences. Sur le long terme, les hommes mettaient en place des strategies leur permettant de s’adapter pour poursuivre leur relation. Les representations sociales compliquaient la reconnaissance des hommes en tant que victime. Les hommes victimes se sentaient pieges par la societe. Conclusion De par sa methode originale, notre travail a permis d’etudier les mecanismes intimes des violences conjugales faites aux hommes. Comprendre et identifier ces mecanismes apparait aujourd’hui indispensable pour depister et proposer une prise en charge adaptee des hommes victimes de violences conjugales par les professionnels du droit et de la sante.
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- 2020
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15. Inter-observer agreement of the Suchey-Brooks method from a French computed tomography sample
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N. Jousset, F. Savall, Norbert Telmon, Olivier Dubourg, Pauline Saint-Martin, A. Bascou, R. Toutin, Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Angers (UA), Hôpital de Rangueil, and CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]
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Orthodontics ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Inter observer agreement ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Significant difference ,Forensic anthropology ,Pubic symphysis ,Computed tomography ,Sample (statistics) ,Multislice computed tomography ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,030216 legal & forensic medicine ,business ,Kappa - Abstract
Aim of the work In forensic anthropology, the estimation of age at death is required to establish a biological profile and facilitate individual identification. The pubic symphysis represents one of the most studied skeletal structures due to its late maturation. In this respect, the Suchey-Brooks (SB) system is one of the most commonly used methods of assessment based on the morphological characteristics of the pubic symphysis. However, the SB method has certain drawbacks, including frequently inaccurate estimation for individuals over 40 years old. The main aim of this work was to study the inter-observer agreement in the SB method then to test the errors of estimation by three observers with heterogeneous experience from a computed tomography sample for individuals aged between 15 and 98 years old. Patients and methods We retrospectively studied pubic bones from 50 males and 50 females undergoing clinical multislice computed tomography (MSCT) in a French hospital between November 2017 and April 2018. Results The inter-observer reliabilities, with or without the early and advanced patterns, were excellent between the observers (kappa values between 0.8 and 0.95). By focusing on the first three phases (I–III) versus the last three phases (IV–VI), there was no significant difference between the inter-observer reliabilities (kappa values between 0.44 and 0.85). Conclusion The inaccuracy rose with age, showing a growing underestimation from 40 years old and beyond. Besides, we highlighted a moderate overestimation for younger individuals. These errors of estimation were slightly dependent on the experience of the observer.
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- 2020
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16. Évaluation du préjudice sexuel en expertise médicale chez les femmes : comparaison des facteurs influençant l’indemnisation chez les hommes et les femmes à partir d’une étude de jurisprudence
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E. Pefferkorn, F. Savall, and N. Telmon
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Reproductive Medicine ,Obstetrics and Gynecology - Published
- 2022
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17. Spatial distribution of physical intimate partner violence in the city of Toulouse
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Christophe Bartoli, M. Vergnault, Norbert Telmon, R. Montoriol, M.E. Rougé Bugat, and F. Savall
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business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Distribution (economics) ,Spatial distribution ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Unit (housing) ,Index of dissimilarity ,Geography ,Geocoding ,050501 criminology ,Domestic violence ,business ,Cartography ,Spatial analysis ,0505 law - Abstract
Summary Spatial data has been used to examine the distribution of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women in the city of Toulouse (France). The addresses of women who have consulted at the forensic unit has been geocoded and represented on a map. We geocoded 484 addresses. The Duncan dissimilarity index showed moderate segregation. Global Moran's I was present and positive and local Moran's I analysis reported ten hot-spots which were not superimposed on priority district delimitations. The results reveal a heterogenic distribution of IPV against women across the territory but no correlation with the poorest blocks as defined by priority districts. Spatial analysis offers an interesting approach to violence analysis and assessing the neighborhood environment.
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- 2018
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18. Le médecin légiste, un acteur indispensable aux débats en Cour criminelle
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N. Telmon and F. Savall
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Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Published
- 2021
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19. Analyse de photographies de morsures au sein de l’unité médicojudiciaire de Toulouse
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Norbert Telmon, F. Savall, Delphine Maret, M. Vergnault, O. Hamel, and G. Fournier
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03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030216 legal & forensic medicine ,030206 dentistry ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Abstract
Resume L’analyse des traces de morsures est une specialite de l’odontologie legale. Une morsure peut contenir des elements tels que la salive ou des indentations permettant d’identifier un individu. But de l’etude Cet article decrit la mise en place d’un protocole photographique et l’analyse semiologique des morsures ainsi photographiees au sein de l’UMJ de Toulouse. Materiels et methodes Plusieurs criteres des morsures ont ete etudies : le delai, l’exploitabilite, la classe de severite, le diametre et la description des indentations. Resultats De fevrier a octobre 2016, 58 cas de morsures ont ete observes. Le delai moyen est de 3,5 jours entre la morsure et la photographie. Dans 17 % des cas, les morsures presentaient un fort interet en odontologie legale par la presence d’indentations caracteristiques. Conclusion Un protocole photographique peut etre facilement mis en place au sein d’une UMJ. La photographie facilite la description et la semiologie de la morsure. Elle est essentielle dans l’analyse de la morsure en apportant rapidement des informations aussi bien morphologiques que metriques.
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- 2017
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20. Typologie des suicides de l’institut médicolégal de Toulouse et comparaison aux données du CépiDc
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A. Blanc, F. Savall, Céline Guilbeau-Frugier, D. Iwanikow, R. Costagliola, Norbert Telmon, and M. Vergnault
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03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Injury control ,Accident prevention ,Political science ,Poison control ,030216 legal & forensic medicine ,Humanities ,030227 psychiatry ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Abstract
Resume But de l’etude L’objectif de cet article est de definir les caracteristiques des suicides de l’institut medicolegal de Toulouse puis de comparer les modes de suicides retrouves a ceux enregistres dans CepiDC en prenant l’exemple du departement Haute-Garonne. Materiel et methodes Cette etude descriptive a concerne les cadavres classes dans la categorie « lesions auto-infligees » de la classification internationale des maladies, dixieme revision, ayant beneficie d’un acte medicolegal a l’institut medicolegal de Toulouse entre janvier 2011 et juin 2016. Resultats Le suicide par pendaison etait le plus frequent. Il n’y avait pas de difference significative en fonction de l’âge entre les differents modes de suicide. Les suicides par pendaison et arme a feu etaient significativement plus frequents (p Conclusion Notre etude a permis d’apporter des donnees qualitatives et quantitatives sur les suicides enregistres a l’institut medicolegal de Toulouse. Nous avons egalement mis en evidence des differences entre le nombre de suicides enregistres a l’institut medicolegal de Toulouse et celui enregistre dans CepiDc, quel que soit le mode du suicide, l’âge et le sexe. Il serait pertinent de realiser un codage des actes postautopsique et d’ameliorer la communication avec le CepiDc, afin d’approfondir les connaissances sur les suicides et de mieux les prevenir. Une nouvelle etude pourrait permettre d’evaluer, a distance, les repercussions d’une collaboration institut medicolegal/CepiDc.
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- 2017
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21. L’incapacité totale de travail dans les certificats médicaux initiaux des médecins de toutes spécialités : étude rétrospective en 2015
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P. Palluel, N. Telmon, F. Savall, and M. Dumoncel d’Argence
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03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030216 legal & forensic medicine ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Abstract
Resume Contexte L’incapacite totale de travail, element indispensable a tout certificat medical initial d’une victime de violences, est regulierement designee comme etant une notion « floue », et souvent confondue avec d’autres notions par les medecins. Cette etude a donc pour but de mettre en evidence cette confusion autour de l’incapacite totale de travail. Materiel et methodes Cette etude retrospective a ete menee en examinant des certificats medicaux initiaux de victimes de violences (volontaires et involontaires) en France metropolitaine, d’avril a juin 2015. Ces certificats ont ete rediges par des medecins de toutes specialites. La presence d’une incapacite totale de travail et son libelle ont ete etudies. Resultats Au total, 356 certificats medicaux initiaux ont ete recueillis et analyses. L’incapacite totale de travail est absente du certificat dans 27,3 % des cas. Dans 32 % des certificats avec une incapacite totale de travail, cette notion est mal designee. Discussion La probable meconnaissance des medecins de l’existence des recommandations de la Haute Autorite de sante, et le manque de formation en pratique medicolegale peuvent expliquer nos resultats. Conclusion Notre etude confirme que l’incapacite totale de travail est une notion confuse pour les medecins a travers la diversite des termes employes pour la qualifier, et l’utilisation abusive du sigle « ITT ». Toutefois, nos resultats permettent d’envisager que cet etat de fait est perfectible a l’avenir, et ce, de maniere relativement simple et rapide.
- Published
- 2017
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22. Lung cancer survivors and employment: A systematic review
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Christos Chouaid, Fabrice Herin, Jean-Marc Soulat, Laurence Bigay-Game, Flora Vayr, F. Savall, Epidémiologie et analyses en santé publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicaps (LEASP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Employment ,0301 basic medicine ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Lung Neoplasms ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,MEDLINE ,03 medical and health sciences ,Indirect costs ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cancer Survivors ,Survivorship curve ,medicine ,Humans ,Lung cancer ,business.industry ,Cancer ,Guideline ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,030104 developmental biology ,Systematic review ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Family medicine ,business ,Inclusion (education) - Abstract
Background The aim of this systematic review is to identify, in a comprehensive manner, the impact of lung cancer on the employment status of survivors. Methods The Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement was used as a formal guideline. The systematic review includes scientific papers published between January 2000 and October 2018. The search strategy queried the database MEDLINE. Inclusion criteria comprised: (1) inclusion of patients diagnosed with lung cancer (LC) (2); assessment of employment status or employment outcomes or work adjustments or return to work (3); inclusion of scientific papers published in peer-reviewed journals (4); inclusion of articles written either in English or in French. Literature reviews were not included. Results A total of 642 scientific papers were retrieved. Twenty-three articles were included in the systematic review: 5 longitudinal studies and 18 cross-sectional studies. LC survivors are 2–3 times more likely to be unemployed as compared with control groups. Previous studies highlight a median duration of sickness absence increased for LC survivors compared to control groups. The strongest decline in earnings was observed among LC survivors as compared to other cancer types. Conclusions LC is associated with a significant impact on employment of patients. The promising results of recent therapeutic strategies could lead to a better social and professional prognosis. A reduction of indirect costs is to be expected.
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- 2019
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23. Correlation between pubic bone mineral density and age from a computed tomography sample
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Olivier Dubourg, F. Savall, Marie Faruch-Bilfeld, Norbert Telmon, Estelle Maupoint, Pauline Saint-Martin, Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Angers (UA), Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], and Hôpital de Rangueil
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Adult ,Male ,Bone density ,Dentistry ,Computed tomography ,Pubic symphysis ,Significant negative correlation ,01 natural sciences ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,Correlation ,03 medical and health sciences ,Imaging, Three-Dimensional ,0302 clinical medicine ,Bone Density ,Age Determination by Skeleton ,Multidetector Computed Tomography ,Humans ,Medicine ,030216 legal & forensic medicine ,Aged ,Pubic Bone ,Retrospective Studies ,Aged, 80 and over ,Bone mineral ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Reproducibility of Results ,Forensic anthropology ,Middle Aged ,0104 chemical sciences ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Forensic Anthropology ,Female ,business ,Law ,Kappa - Abstract
In forensic anthropology, the estimation of age at death is mainly required to establish a biological profile and facilitate individual identification. The Suchey–Brooks (SB) system represents one of the most commonly used and tested methods of assessment based on the morphological characteristics of the pubic symphysis. However, this method has certain drawbacks, including frequently inaccurate estimation for older individuals. The aim of this work was to test the evolution of pubic bone mineral density (BMD) according to age, especially for individuals over 40 years old. We retrospectively studied pubic bones from males (n = 88) and females (n = 113) over 40 years of age undergoing clinical multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) in a French hospital between November 2017 and April 2018. The results revealed a significant negative correlation between BMD and age for males (R = −0.62) and females (R = −0.55). The intra- and inter-observer reliabilities of the phase allocation were moderate for males (kappa values at 0.72 and 0.65) and strong for females (kappa values at 0.93 and 0.86). Moreover, a significant difference in BMD between stages 6-1 and 6-2 for males was observed. We hypothesize that BMD might help improve the reliability of the SB system for older individuals. In addition to the pubic bone, numerous other anatomical regions such as the area of Ward could represent interesting areas of study in order to relate bone density to age.
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- 2019
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24. Smartphone oral self-photography in teledentistry: Recommendations for the patient
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Ove A. Peters, F. Savall, Delphine Maret, Jean-Pierre Auria, and Emmanuelle Vigarios
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Protocol (science) ,Telemedicine ,020205 medical informatics ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Photography ,Health Informatics ,Context (language use) ,030206 dentistry ,02 engineering and technology ,medicine.disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Software deployment ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,medicine ,Quality (business) ,Medical emergency ,Teledentistry ,media_common - Abstract
In the current context of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the deployment of telemedicine has accelerated considerably. Like telemedicine, teledentistry involves the use of telecommunication technologies to provide medical information and services. Teledentistry can contribute to remote assessment (teletriage) and continuity of care (telemonitoring). This evaluation at a distance can be done by sending photos taken by the patient with a smartphone. Providing patients with a simple and reproducible protocol and explaining how to take a photo is important for sufficient image quality. The aim of this technical note is to help clinicians advise their patients on how to take photographs of their oral cavity simply and with sufficient quality to be reproducible.
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- 2021
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25. L’éloignement influence-t-il les demandes d’autopsies ? L’activité thanatologique dans 3 instituts médico-légaux en 2012 : analyse descriptive des conclusions d’autopsie
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F. Paysant, A. Giordano, F. Savall, V. Scolan, F. Grenier, L. Martrille, F. Chiron, and M. Vergnault
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03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Philosophy ,010401 analytical chemistry ,030216 legal & forensic medicine ,01 natural sciences ,Humanities ,0104 chemical sciences ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Abstract
Resume Introduction En France, la decision de pratiquer une autopsie, lorsqu’un obstacle medico-legal est etabli, incombe au magistrat enqueteur. Il est demontre que la realisation de l’autopsie reduit le risque d’erreur dans la determination du mode et de la cause du deces. Malgre la suppression, en 2011 de la tarification a l’acte des autopsies, des considerations budgetaires peuvent entrer en jeu, notamment en fonction de la distance entre le lieu du deces et le lieu de la realisation de l’autopsie. L’objectif de cette etude etait de comparer les circonstances de deces selon leur survenue dans des zones eloignees ou des zones proches du lieu d’autopsies. Methodes L’ensemble des rapports d’autopsie des instituts medico-legaux de Grenoble, Nancy et Toulouse pour l’annee 2012 ont ete recueillis et anonymises. Le tribunal demandeur, le mode de deces, l’âge et le sexe du defunt et la cause pathologique de la mort ont ete renseignes. Les codes de la classification internationale des maladies ont ete utilises pour les causes de deces. L’hypothese principale etait que la repartition entre modes de deces violents et non violents etaient differentes entre les tribunaux proches des instituts medico-legaux et les tribunaux eloignes. Les comparaisons entre les donnees observees et les donnees attendues ont ete effectuees a l’aide du test du Chi 2 . Resultats Sept cent quarante-quatre rapports d’autopsie rediges en 2012 ont pu etre analyses. Il n’a pas ete observe de difference significative permettant de valider l’hypothese principale : les autopsies pour morts violentes demandees par les tribunaux proches representaient 278 autopsies contre 243 en peripherie, et les circonstances non violentes respectivement 134 et 84 autopsies ( p [Chi 2 ] = 0,09). Seuls les resultats en sous-groupes de la region grenobloise etaient significatifs. Il a ete mis en evidence que, rapportees au nombre de deces, davantage d’autopsies etaient realisees pour les tribunaux proches du lieu d’autopsie, soit 16,2 autopsies pour 1000 deces, contre 8,3 pour les autopsies realisees pour les tribunaux eloignes. Le materiel etudie, en termes de sex-ratio et d’âge moyen, etait conforme aux autres travaux realises dans ce domaine. Conclusion Cette etude n’a pas permis de montrer une difference significative entre les zones eloignees et proches des instituts medico-legaux quant aux circonstances de deces, cependant le volume d’autopsies rapporte au nombre de deces est plus important pour les zones ou se trouvent le lieu d’autopsie.
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- 2017
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26. Fistule entre l’artère interventriculaire antérieure et l’artère pulmonaire : à propos d’un cas
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Pauline Saint-Martin, Fabrice Dedouit, Norbert Telmon, J. Serin, and F. Savall
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03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Abstract
Resume Les fistules des arteres coronaires, communiquant soit avec une cavite cardiaque, soit avec un gros vaisseau, sont des entites rares. Elles peuvent etre congenitales ou acquises. Elles sont le plus souvent asymptomatiques, mais peuvent aussi entrainer des symptomes tels qu’une douleur thoracique ou une dyspnee. Des cas de mort subite ont ete decrits dans la litterature. Ces malformations peuvent etre diagnostiquees de maniere fortuite lors d’une coronarographie, ou plus rarement dans le cadre d’une autopsie. Nous rapportons le cas d’un individu qui a presente un malaise avec un trouble du rythme cardiaque aigu, complique d’un arret cardio-respiratoire. Apres ressuscitation et stabilisation de l’individu, une coronarographie a ete realisee, mettant en evidence une fistule entre l’artere interventriculaire anterieure et l’artere pulmonaire. L’evolution clinique a ete pejorative compte tenu des complications anoxo-ischemiques avec un passage en etat de mort encephalique. Un arret therapeutique a donc ete decide. Une autopsie a ete pratiquee confirmant la presence de la fistule entre l’artere interventriculaire anterieure et l’artere pulmonaire. L’imputabilite de cette malformation au deces est ensuite discutee par les auteurs.
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- 2016
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27. Sharp bone trauma diagnosis: a validation study using epifluorescence microscopy
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Céline Guilbeau-Frugier, Norbert Telmon, C. Capuani, F. Savall, and A. Sandras
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Validation study ,Computer science ,Human bone ,Context (language use) ,Wounds, Stab ,01 natural sciences ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,Random Allocation ,0302 clinical medicine ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Statistics ,Sharp force ,Humans ,Single-Blind Method ,030216 legal & forensic medicine ,Medical diagnosis ,Forensic Pathology ,Reliability (statistics) ,Observer Variation ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Predictive value ,Triage ,Clavicle ,0104 chemical sciences ,Microscopy, Fluorescence ,Weapons - Abstract
Identifying tool mark and involved weapon in sharp force trauma is essential to understanding the circumstances of death. But accuracy and reliability of such expert testimony remains unknown, and validation studies are rare in forensic literature. That is why, we conducted an experiment in order to determine error rates and predictive values on identifying the right implement through different types of knife-inflicted trauma. Human bone cut marks were analysed through epifluorescence microscopy. The samples were examined through a randomised, blinded, controlled study by three researchers with varying degrees of experience with direct and indirect observation of cut marks (photography). Our results showed that identifying the weapon involved is possible thanks to numerous criteria analysis. Correct classification rates were high and misclassifications rare. Asymmetric blades obtained better results than symmetric blades. Predictive values were also calculated, and the negative one reached very high levels, near 100% with regard to all the implements. Positive predictive values were more variable. But even if individual diagnoses remain in doubt, triage can be done and tools not implicated in injury can be eliminated with certainty. Moreover, our work clearly highlighted the importance of experience in such activities. A high level of experience is fundamental to obtain the best values, especially in such a context where evidence reliability is extremely important for forensic admissibility testimony in the court.
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- 2018
28. Victimes féminines mineures d’agressions sexuelles : guide pratique pour l’examen et l’interprétation des lésions génitales
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F. Savall, Fabrice Dedouit, Norbert Telmon, and A. Blanc
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Colposcopy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Interpretation (philosophy) ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Poison control ,General Medicine ,Suicide prevention ,Surgery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Reproductive Medicine ,Hymen ,Accidental ,Injury prevention ,medicine ,business ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Through a comprehensive review of the literature on sexual assault, the authors propose to clarify the different stages of the exam and help the practitioner to the forensic interpretation of lesions. The authors describe the basic principles that make consensus in how to interview victims in order to increase the reliability of the information collected. The various medical data that must be collected allowing to guide diagnosis (urogenital symptoms, sexual behaviour disorder) or facilitate the interpretation of lesions (age of puberty, use of tampons…) are specified as well as the different positions of examination and their association to other complementary techniques (Foley catheter, colposcopy, toluidine blue). The authors present a simple decision tree that can help the practitioner to interpret the laceration of the hymen. They detail the description and forensic interpretation of all genital lesions that may be encountered as a result of sexual assault, and the pitfalls to avoid. Finally, two main problems in the interpretation of lesions are described, the absence of injury after penetration and the accidental genital lesions.
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- 2014
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29. Les effets de la réforme de la médecine légale sur l’activité de l’institut médico-légal de Toulouse
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F. Savall, M. Vergnault, A. Blanc, Norbert Telmon, D. Gainza, Fabrice Dedouit, Daniel Rougé, and R. Costagliola
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Political science ,Humanities ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Forensic epidemiology - Abstract
Resume But de l’etude Cet article presente une evaluation des repercussions de la reforme de la medecine legale sur l’activite de l’institut medico-legal (IML) de Toulouse. Materiel et methodes Cette etude descriptive et comparative a concerne les autopsies et examens externes realises entre juillet 2008 et juin 2013, soit 2 ans et demi avant et 2 ans et demi apres la mise en œuvre de la reforme. Resultats Nous avons mis en evidence une majoration des actes medico-legaux et principalement du nombre d’autopsies, apres la mise en œuvre de la reforme. Sur cette periode, la part deces par mort violente a egalement ete plus importante et le nombre de medecins pratiquant plus de 50 autopsies par an est passe de 1 a 4. Parallelement, les prelevements biologiques etaient plus frequents et plus souvent analyses. Conclusion L’application de la reforme a eu des repercussions quantitatives et qualitatives sur l’activite thanatologique locale a l’origine d’adaptations fonctionnelles au sein du service. Il serait pertinent de mesurer l’impact de la reforme au plan national.
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- 2014
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30. Les soignants victimes d’agression sur le lieu de travail : étude des données des consultations pour coups et blessures volontaires, de l’unité médico-légale de Rangueil (Toulouse)
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S. Tran, F. Hérin, F. Savall, Norbert Telmon, Daniel Rougé, and Fabrice Dedouit
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Political science ,Humanities ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Abstract
Resume Objectif Les objectifs de cette etude etaient de mesurer la prevalence des violences a l’encontre des soignants, d’identifier les principales caracteristiques de la victime et de l’agresseur, d’evaluer les consequences medico-legales des agressions. Methode Une enquete epidemiologique, descriptive et retrospective a ete menee au sein de la consultation de coups et blessures du service de medecine legale du CHU Rangueil a Toulouse entre janvier 2004 et juillet 2012 Resultats Nous avons etudie 2439 certificats de coups et blessures et en avons recense 66 concernant des personnels de sante, alleguant etre victimes d’agression lors de leur activite professionnelle (soit 2,7 %). Les professions les plus exposees au risque d’agression sont les infirmiers, suivis des aides-soignants et des medecins. Soixante-quinze pour cent de ces professionnels de sante exercent en milieu hospitalier ou sont salaries d’une structure de soins. La victime a ete examinee principalement sur requisition de l’autorite judiciaire. Une incapacite totale de travail au sens penal du terme a ete determinee et evaluee en moyenne a un jour. Discussion Les resultats de notre etude ont confirme plusieurs donnees de la litterature concernant les caracteristiques socioprofessionnelles des victimes et le profil des agresseurs. Nous avons explore pour la premiere fois la prise en charge juridique avec les suites engagees sur le plan penal et les incapacites totales de travail. Ainsi, la seule redaction d’un certificat de coups et blessures volontaires nous parait totalement insuffisant. Une prise en charge globale, associant medecins du travail et specialistes en victimologie, apparait necessaire.
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- 2014
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31. Caractéristiques des victimes ayant consulté pour coups et blessures dans le service de médecine légale de Toulouse entre 2004 et 2012
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Norbert Telmon, C. Raux, Fabrice Dedouit, F. Savall, and Daniel Rougé
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Political science ,Outpatient clinic ,Humanities ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Abstract
Resume Introduction Aucune etude n’a fait etat d’une distinction entre les victimes consultant avec ou sans requisition. L’objectif de cette etude est de determiner s’il existe des caracteristiques specifiques des victimes et des violences alleguees par ces dernieres lorsqu’elles consultent avec une requisition. Patients et methodes Les dossiers de 33 269 victimes se presentant a la consultation de medecine legale entre le 1er janvier 2004 et le 31 decembre 2012 ont ete etudies. Le sexe, l’âge, le motif de consultation et le type de procedure mise en place ont ete recueillies de maniere retrospective. Resultats Les victimes consultant avec requisition etaient significativement (p Discussion et conclusion Cette etude a permis de mettre en evidence que deux evenements ont sensiblement modifie le nombre de requisitions ; les instructions sur les violences conjugales de 2006 et dans une moindre mesure, les effets de la reforme de la medecine legale en 2011.
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- 2013
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32. Électrocutions : apport de l’examen anatomopathologique. À propos de deux cas
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F. Savall, M.-B. Delisle, Fabrice Dedouit, C. Franchet, Daniel Rougé, Céline Guilbeau-Frugier, and Norbert Telmon
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Gynecology ,Electrocution ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine ,business ,people ,people.cause_of_death ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Abstract
Resume L’electrocution est une cause rare de deces. Peu d’articles decrivent les lesions anatomopathologiques dans les cas de deces par electrocution. Nous rapportons deux cas d’electrocution bien distincts tant sur le plan clinique que des conclusions finales. Pour chaque cas, les resultats de l’autopsie et de l’examen anatomopathologique sont decrits et la contribution des resultats de l’examen microscopique a la reflexion medico-legale est discutee. Le premier cas concerne une femme retrouvee morte a proximite d’un câble electrique de 380 volts non isole situe au sol. L’autopsie mettait en evidence des lesions suggerant une asphyxie et de multiples brulures cutanees evocatrices de brulures electriques. L’examen microscopique confirmait l’asphyxie mecanique au niveau pulmonaire et retrouvait des signes de brulure cutanee avec une metallisation epidermique. Cette derniere attestait le contact direct avec le câble. Le syndrome d’asphyxie mecanique etait evocateur de spasmes respiratoires dans le contexte d’ « electrocute bleu ». Le second cas concernait un jeune homme dont l’echelle a bascule sur une ligne haute tension de 20 000 volts. Il a fait l’objet de manœuvres de reanimation invasives avant de mourir a l’hopital. L’autopsie retrouvait des lesions cutanees a type de brulures electriques des membres superieurs et inferieurs. L’examen microscopique du cœur mettait en evidence des aspects ischemiques et hemorragiques ainsi que des lesions evocatrices de fibrillation ventriculaire (FV). Dans les deux cas presentes, l’examen anatomopathologique apportait des arguments qui, associes aux donnees de l’enquete et aux resultats de l’autopsie, permettaient d’emettre des hypotheses quant au mecanisme lesionnel.
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- 2013
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33. Épidémiologie des décès médicolégaux : une nécessité ?
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Norbert Telmon, A. Blanc, F. Savall, R. Costagliola, Fabrice Dedouit, Daniel Rougé, and D. Gainza
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Political science ,Humanities ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Forensic epidemiology - Abstract
Resume En France, les morts violentes font l’objet de peu d’etudes et restent sous-estimees par les statistiques. Notre objectif est de souligner l’importance d’un outil epidemiologique emanant des differents services de medecine legale. Tous les actes medicolegaux realises dans le service de medecine legale de Toulouse de janvier 2008 a juin 2011 ont ete codes selon la dixieme revision de la Classification internationale des maladies (CIM10). Durant cette periode, 900 actes ont ete retenus pour notre etude, parmi lesquels etait note 36 % de morts naturelles et 35 % de suicides. Le mecanisme lesionnel le plus represente etait la pendaison. Seulement 34 % des noyes etaient autopsies. Un outil de codification des causes medicolegales de deces pourrait avoir un double interet : de sante publique et egalement medicojudiciaire. Il apparait necessaire que cet outil soit evolutif et permette une homogeneisation nationale. En effet, une comparabilite des donnees, une evaluation de la pertinence des examens complementaires et un retour des demandes d’examens aupres des parquets constitueraient pour les differents professionnels medicojudiciaires un precieux outil d’auto-evaluation.
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- 2013
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34. Old hearts for modern investigations: CT and MR for archaeological human hearts remains
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Hervé Rousseau, Eric Crubézy, Ramiro Moreno, Fabrice Dedouit, Rozenn Colleter, Patrice Gerard, Fatima-Zohra Mokrane, Norbert Telmon, Sylvie Duchesne, F. Savall, A. Sewonu, Céline Guilbeau-Frugier, Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives, centre archéologique de Cesson-Sévigné (Inrap, Cesson-Sévigné), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de médecine légale, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)
- Subjects
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Forensic pathology ,[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,[SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology ,Autopsy ,Computed tomography ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,coronary opacification ,History, 18th Century ,cardiac imaging ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,History, 17th Century ,[SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,[SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system ,[SDV.MHEP.AHA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO] ,Humans ,Medicine ,Forensic Pathology ,Cardiac imaging ,History, 15th Century ,post mortem ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Myocardium ,Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ,Soft tissue ,Heart ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Dilated cardiomyopathy ,Organ Size ,Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ,MR ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Archaeology ,archeology ,History, 16th Century ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,business ,Law ,CT - Abstract
International audience; Introduction: Among 800 burials dated between the 15th and 18th centuries and found in the center of Rennes (Brittany, France), a collection of five heart-shaped lead urns was discovered. This material was studied using classical methods (external study, autopsy and histology), and also modern imaging like computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) before and after coronary opacification. The aim of this manuscript is to describe different steps of ancient soft tissues study, especially using imaging techniques.Methods: The study gathered various specialists: anthropologists, archeologists, forensic pathologists, radiologists, pathologic physicians, and physicists. Imaging techniques were performed, before and after coronary opacification. Finally, hearts were autopsied and different histological samples were analyzed.Results: Only heart n°2 was too damaged to be studied. Heart n°3 was considered as normal using all investigation techniques. The study of Hearts n°s 4 and 5 revealed dilated cardiomyopathy while Heart n°1 showed important signs of diffuse hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Different fibro lipid plaques were identified using imaging techniques, and were confirmed by histology.Conclusions: The study of archeological soft tissues using modern imaging is possible if the material is well-preserved. This type of research can uncover principal findings, allowing scientists to establish diseases of ancient times.
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- 2016
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35. [Practical guide to the examination and interpretation of genital lesions of minor female victims of sexual assault]
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A, Blanc, F, Savall, F, Dedouit, and N, Telmon
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Hymen ,Puberty ,Sex Offenses ,Urogenital System ,Child Abuse, Sexual ,Forensic Medicine ,Lacerations ,Colposcopy ,Child, Preschool ,Rape ,Humans ,Female ,Genitalia ,Child ,Physical Examination - Abstract
Through a comprehensive review of the literature on sexual assault, the authors propose to clarify the different stages of the exam and help the practitioner to the forensic interpretation of lesions. The authors describe the basic principles that make consensus in how to interview victims in order to increase the reliability of the information collected. The various medical data that must be collected allowing to guide diagnosis (urogenital symptoms, sexual behaviour disorder) or facilitate the interpretation of lesions (age of puberty, use of tampons…) are specified as well as the different positions of examination and their association to other complementary techniques (Foley catheter, colposcopy, toluidine blue). The authors present a simple decision tree that can help the practitioner to interpret the laceration of the hymen. They detail the description and forensic interpretation of all genital lesions that may be encountered as a result of sexual assault, and the pitfalls to avoid. Finally, two main problems in the interpretation of lesions are described, the absence of injury after penetration and the accidental genital lesions.
- Published
- 2013
36. [Inflammatory response in acute myocardial infarction. Predictive values]
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R, Sanjuán Máñez, M, Blasco Cortés, J, Muñoz Gil, C, Gimeno Cardona, F, Savall Calvo, J, Ferreres Franco, V, Bodí Peris, J, Samper Codes, S, Morell Cabedo, and V, López Merino
- Subjects
Aged, 80 and over ,Male ,Myocardial Infarction ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,Myocarditis ,Fibrinolytic Agents ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Data Interpretation, Statistical ,Odds Ratio ,Humans ,Female ,Thrombolytic Therapy ,Aged - Abstract
Our purpose was to investigate the significance of inflammatory acute phase response early after myocardial infarction. We also observed how these indices were influenced by trombolytic therapy.We examined the blood samples of 200 non consecutive patients at the first day of acute myocardial infarction (155 [77%] males; mean age 65 +/- 13 years) to characterize the proteins and proinflamatory reactants profile. Results were correlated with hospital mortality. Thrombolytic therapy was administrated to 117 patients on admission and in these patients the samples were taken after the procedure.Overall mortality was 8%. Serum C-reactive protein (69 vs 41 mg/l), haptoglobine (237 vs 190 mg/dl), gammaglobuline (0.93 vs 0.84 g/dl), alpha-1-globuline (0.28 vs 0.23 g/dl) and alpha-2-globuline (0.7 vs 0.6 g/dl) were significantly higher in patients without trombolytic therapy. Conversely, patients who had received lytic therapy, had higher plasma concentrations of interleukin-1 beta (104 vs 40 pg/dl). The only clinical variable which was associated with mortality was a Killip classor = 2 on admission (mortality = 21%; odds ratio = 5.2; p = 0.02). Other biochemical variables associated with a higher mortality were a white blood cell count10/nl (mortality = 12%; odds ratio = 5.4; p = 0.01), increased activated neutrophils80% (mortality = 18%; odds ratio = 5.4; p = 0.004) and C-reactive protein20 mg/l (mortality = 11%; odds ratio = 6; p = 0.05). Only patients with activated neutrophils80% on admission had a higher probability of dying during hospital stay (Exp[B] = 3.6; B = 1.2; r = 0.29; p = 0.001).The acute phase reaction in early myocardial infarction is determined by thrombolytic treatment. A high increase of activated neutrophils on patient admission is the only biochemical predictive value for hospital mortality.
- Published
- 1997
37. Relationship between outer membrane protein profiles and resistance to ceftazidime, imipenem, and ciprofloxacin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from bacteremic patients
- Author
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M. A. Farga, R. Cisterna, J. García-de-Lomas, F. Savall, E. Millás, J. Garau, Concepción Gimeno, and David Navarro
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Imipenem ,Ceftazidime ,Bacteremia ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,Anti-Infective Agents ,Ciprofloxacin ,medicine ,Humans ,biology ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,General Medicine ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,biology.organism_classification ,Cephalosporins ,Infectious Diseases ,Porin ,Pseudomonadales ,bacteria ,Thienamycins ,Bacterial outer membrane ,Pseudomonadaceae ,medicine.drug ,Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins - Abstract
Outer membrane protein (OMP) profiles of 122 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates recovered from the blood of bacteremic patients were analyzed to relate alterations in the expression of OMPs with porin activity to resistance to imipenem, ceftazidime, and ciprofloxacin. Imipenem-resistant isolates lacked or expressed reduced amounts of porin OprD. In contrast, alterations of OMP profiles were absent in most ceftazidime-resistant isolates. Six of 12 ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates had normal OMP profiles. The remaining isolates showed alterations in the expression of either OprC, OprF, or OprD. In addition, imipenem- and ceftazidime-resistant isolates displayed a beta-lactamase activity compatible with that of a group 1 chromosomal cephalosporinase.
- Published
- 1996
38. Dog bites or knife wounds? A case report of atypical neck injuries.
- Author
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Pefferkorn E, Dedouit F, Savall F, and Saint-Martin P
- Abstract
A 24-year-old woman was brought to the emergency department after suffering dog bites, as reported by a witness. Autopsy revealed 21 deep wounds of the neck, along with unclear injuries to both carotid arteries, extensive damage to neck muscles, a wound to the larynx, and the right lobe of the thyroid gland had been avulsed. The forensic pathologist initially concluded that the cause of death was asphyxia and haemorrhagic syndrome. Furthermore, due to the nature of some wounds resembling stab wounds, as well as facial injuries and marks consistent with gripping, the death was initially considered a possible homicide rather than attributing it to dog bites. Following these findings, the investigation took a drastic turn, resulting in the arrest of the witness. Three years later, our team was consulted for a second opinion. Reviewing the medical records confirmed dissection of both carotid and vertebral arteries without complete section, and fractures of cervical transverse processes, with the left and right vertebral arteries occluded by a bone fragment as seen on a CT scan from the emergency department. The second forensic expert supported the conclusion that the cervical injuries were consistent with dog bites, particularly due to the torn appearance of the muscle masses and soft tissue avulsion. Additionally, the vascular dissections and cervical fractures were attributed to hyperextension and/or compression of the neck, consistent with the dynamics of a dog attack involving shaking or grabbing the neck. Similar types of injuries have been documented in the scientific literature in cases of dog attacks. Furthermore, instances of wounds resembling stab wounds following dog bites have also been reported. The experts conclude that death was secondary to cerebral anoxia resulting from multiple dissections of neck vessels, aggravated by blood spoliation and asphyxia related to the laryngeal wound. All of the wounds were consistent with dog bites, leading to the release of the defendant., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethical standards: This case report does not involve any experimentation on humans. Consent to participate: Written informed consent was not required because all the medico-legal analysis were carried out in the name of the judicial authority. Conflicts of interest: None., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2024
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39. Age estimation on post-mortem CT based on pelvic bone mineral density measurement and the state of putrefaction: a multivariate method.
- Author
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Pefferkorn E, Guillerme O, Saint-Martin P, Savall F, Dedouit F, and Telmon N
- Subjects
- Humans, Aged, Middle Aged, Adult, Female, Male, Aged, 80 and over, Retrospective Studies, Young Adult, Postmortem Changes, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Adolescent, Pelvic Bones diagnostic imaging, Pubic Bone diagnostic imaging, Multivariate Analysis, Linear Models, Autopsy methods, Postmortem Imaging, Bone Density, Age Determination by Skeleton methods, Ilium diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Age-at-death estimation is an important issue in forensic medicine and anthropology. Initially, methods relied on morphological criteria, but with the advancement of radiology, new techniques such as morphological studies on multi-slice computed tomography (CT) reconstructions have emerged. Recent studies have shown promising results by investigating the correlation between age and bone mineral density (BMD). However, there is currently a lack of data on post-mortem CTs (PMCT) involving decomposed bodies, and limited information exists regarding changes in Hounsfield Units measurement in a post-mortem context. In light of these gaps, our study aimed to examine the relationship between age at death and pubic and ilium BMD using a sample of forensic bodies. We also aimed to determine whether post-mortem processes, such as putrefaction, could interfere with this correlation. Our retrospective analysis encompassed 637 PMCTs conducted before medicolegal autopsies at Tours University Hospital. Utilizing simple and multiple linear regressions, we investigated the correlation between age and pubic and ilium BMD, as well as the relationship between BMD and the radiologic alteration index (RAI), a scale employed to quantify the degree of putrefaction. Our findings indicate promising outcomes in age-at-death estimation using pubic and/or ilium BMD for bodies exhibiting no or moderate decomposition (RAI < 80), particularly among individuals under 40 years old. However, for highly decomposed corpses (RAI ≥ 80), the presence of gas infiltration significantly influences the BMD of both the ilium and pubis. Consequently, we advocate for the incorporation of the RAI score into the age estimation equation to enhance the accuracy of our results in such cases. Further investigation involving a larger cohort of decomposed bodies could facilitate refinement and validation of our method within this specific population., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
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- 2024
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40. Evaluating the Functional Impairment of Assault Victims in a Judicial Context: A Multicentered Retrospective Study in Seven French Forensics Units.
- Author
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Chambre A, Outh-Gauer S, Tuchtan L, Delannoy Y, Laugier V, Bourokba N, Martrille L, Macaigne C, Savall F, and Lefevre T
- Abstract
Functional impairment is of major importance in the evaluation of assault victims. French law assesses the seriousness of the violence in terms of the functional impairment experienced by the victims, quantified by the duration of the victims' inability to fulfill their usual daily activities, measured in days of "total incapacity to work" (TIW). Significant variations in the duration of TIW have been reported depending on the examination centers or physician. To date, few studies, all monocentric, have focused on the determinants of this variability. We aimed to study the functional impairment of assault victims by searching for determinants of TIW. We conducted a retrospective multicenter study, including assault victims from seven forensic medicine units. The data were automatically extracted from the medical certificates drawn up and gathered within the ORFéAD database. Thirty-eight variables were studied, relating to the victim's characteristics, the circumstances of the examination and the assault, the physical and psychological symptoms, and the duration of TIW. A total of 5,663 victims were included, including 2,438 (43%) women. The median age was 32 years (min; max [10; 98]). The median duration of TIW was 2 days (min; max [0; 182]). Male gender, age, time to examination, examination center, traumatic injuries (ecchymosis, hematoma, wound, bone fracture), use of a weapon, and functional limitation were associated with the duration of TIW ( p < .05). The associations formerly identified in a monocentric setting were confirmed and new determinants were identified. This study has allowed a better understanding of the factors influencing the evaluation of functional impairment and determination of the TIW of assault victims. This first study using ORféAD is intended to be supplemented by the participation of other forensic units, and the inclusion of other variables, such as violence type, victim categories, or the examining physician., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.
- Published
- 2024
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41. Death following cylindrical battery ingestion associated with toxic manganese levels.
- Author
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Pefferkorn E, Clément B, Bascou A, Guilbeau-Frugier C, Telmon N, Savall F, and Dedouit F
- Abstract
Cases of battery ingestion are well documented in the scientific literature, especially concerning button cell battery ingestion in children. In this instance, the authors present an atypical case of a young man who voluntarily ingested a cylindrical alkaline battery containing manganese. The patient died approximately a week later, despite not exhibiting any specific symptoms. The battery was found in the cecum during the autopsy, showing deterioration at its positive pole. The cecal mucosa exhibited two ulcerations without perforation. Histological analysis revealed intestinal ischemia in the cecum, with no microscopic lesions in other organs. Toxicology reports indicated high levels of manganese in both cardiac and peripheral blood. Considering all the results from the additional analyses, the experts concluded that the death was likely of multifactorial origin, associated with a toxic blood concentration of manganese. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first recorded death following the ingestion of a cylindrical battery, and the first instance of manganese intoxication resulting from the ingestion of an alkaline battery. The authors will present the case and provide a literature review to assess the extent to which the presence of manganese may have contributed to the fatality., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
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- 2024
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42. Technical note: Interest of focused fields in post-mortem computed tomography using photorealistic images for age at death estimation from the pubic symphysis.
- Author
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Vallée M, Knecht S, Blum A, Henriques M, Savall F, Chaumoitre K, Adalian P, and Martrille L
- Subjects
- Humans, Postmortem Imaging, Reproducibility of Results, Age Determination by Skeleton methods, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Forensic Anthropology, Pubic Symphysis diagnostic imaging, Pubic Symphysis anatomy & histology
- Abstract
Introduction: The morphological assessment of the pubic symphysis using the Suchey-Brooks method is considered a reliable age at death indicator. Age at death estimation methods can be adapted to the images obtained from post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT). The aim of this study is to evaluate the utility of pubic symphysis photorealistic images obtained through Global illumination rendering (GIR) for age at death estimation from whole-body PMCT and from focused PMCT on the pubic bone., Materials and Methods: We performed virtual age at death estimation using the Suchey Brooks method from both the whole-body field of view (Large Field of View: LFOV) and the pubis-focused field of view (Small and Field of View: SFOV) of 100 PMCT. The 3D photorealistic images were evaluated by three forensic anthropologists and the results were statistically evaluated for accuracy of the two applied PMCT methods and the intra- and inter-observer errors., Results: When comparing the two acquisitions of PMCT, the accuracy rate reaches 98.5% when using a pubic-focused window (SFOV) compared to 86% with a whole-body window (LFOV). Additionally, the intra- and inter-observer variability has demonstrated that the focused window provides better repeatability and reproducibility., Conclusion: Adding a pubic-focused field of view to standard PMCT and processing it with GIR appears to be an applicable technique that increases the accuracy rate for age at death estimation from the pubic symphysis., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have no conflict of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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43. [Violence and health].
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Bascou A, Pefferkorn E, Savall F, Farrugia A, and Dufayet L
- Subjects
- Humans, Domestic Violence
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Les auteurs déclarent n'avoir aucun lien d'intérêts.
- Published
- 2023
44. [Towards comprehensive care for victims of violence].
- Author
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Bascou A, Pefferkorn E, Savall F, Farrugia A, and Dufayet L
- Subjects
- Humans, Violence, Crime Victims
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Les auteurs déclarent n'avoir aucun lien d'intérêts.
- Published
- 2023
45. Root and canal morphology of the permanent teeth in medieval and current French population.
- Author
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Fournier G, Maret D, Duchesne S, Telmon N, Diemer F, and Savall F
- Subjects
- Bicuspid anatomy & histology, Bicuspid diagnostic imaging, Cone-Beam Computed Tomography methods, Dentition, Permanent, Humans, Molar anatomy & histology, Dental Pulp Cavity anatomy & histology, Dental Pulp Cavity diagnostic imaging, Tooth Root anatomy & histology, Tooth Root diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Objective: This work describes and compares the root and root canal morphology of a medieval population dating from the 8th to 10th century from the southwest of France, and a current French population., Design: The root morphology of 579 teeth from 70 medieval individuals was analyzed using cone beam computed tomography, and compared with 690 teeth from a current French population of 329 individuals. The Vertucci classification was used to describe the root canal configuration., Results: In the medieval population, the maxillary first premolar usually had one root. In contrast, in the current population this tooth predominantly had two roots, and the three-root form had appeared. Mandibular canine with two roots was observed in 5.7% of cases, and in the current population this form was found in 1.6% but the difference was not significative. The greatest variability between the two populations in terms of root canal configuration was in one-rooted maxillary first and second premolars, the mandibular canines, and the distal roots of the mandibular first molars. Differences in root numbers and canal configurations of the maxillary molars investigated among the two populations were not significant., Conclusions: This study indicated that the upper first premolar of the current population tended to have more than one root, while this tooth type of the medieval group mostly appeared with only one. For the root canal configuration, studies in the upper premolars, lower canines and first molars of the current population apparently revealed a significant simplification compared with the ancient group., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
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46. Contribution of the use of clavicle bone density in age estimation.
- Author
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Toutin R, Bilfeld MF, Raspaud C, Bec C, Telmon N, Savall F, and Dedouit F
- Subjects
- Bone Density, Epiphyses diagnostic imaging, Female, Forensic Anthropology, Humans, Male, Osteogenesis, Reproducibility of Results, Age Determination by Skeleton methods, Clavicle anatomy & histology, Clavicle diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Age estimation is an essential element in the field of forensics and is also of judicial interest in forensic medicine of the living. Despite all the methods, age estimation is often imprecise with many biases, especially in mature individuals. The main objective of our study is to assess the correlation between age and computed tomography bone mineral density of the medial end of the clavicle. A sample of 180 chest multi-slice computed tomography scans without contrast injection performed in living individuals, with suspected respiratory infection, aged 15 to 100 years was used. Bone density measurement was performed on the medial meta-epiphyseal region of the clavicles. A significant negative correlation was found between bone density and age of individuals (p-value < 0.05). The mean absolute error was calculated for men at 13.4 years and 13.1 years for women, which was associated with an absence of bias. Good precision of the estimate for both sexes was also calculated on a subgroup of individuals whose age was greater than 40 years, with average absolute errors of about 12 years, which was associated with an absence of relative error. In view of our preliminary results, the study of bone density of the medial end of the clavicle could be of interest in the estimation of age. Several studies will be necessary to evaluate the reproducibility of these results on independent bone samples and in the estimation of age in the living individual., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
47. Age estimation based on computed tomography exploration: a combined method.
- Author
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Bascou A, Dubourg O, Telmon N, Dedouit F, Saint-Martin P, and Savall F
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Statistical, Pubic Bone growth & development, Pubic Symphysis growth & development, Reproducibility of Results, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Age Determination by Skeleton methods, Bone Density, Pubic Bone diagnostic imaging, Pubic Symphysis diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Despite an extensive number of existing methods, age estimation of human remains is still an unsolved matter in the field of forensic anthropology, especially when it comes to mature adults. The specific aim of this work was to propose a combined method for age estimation, for forensic purposes, by coupling the Suchey-Brooks method and the measure of the pubic bone density. For this purpose, we used an independent test sample comprising 339 CT scans of living individuals aged 15 to 99 years old. Measurement of bone density and staging according to the Suchey-Brooks phases were performed, followed by estimation of ages based on a combined method and an existing virtual reference sample. Results highlighted a significant negative correlation between bone density and age. Good accuracy was obtained for the measurement of pubic bone density for age estimation of men and women, especially concerning mature adults, with an absolute error ranging from 9 to 16 years for all individuals. The authors propose a practical combined method consisting of, first, allocating phases according to the scannographic approach of the Suchey-Brooks method. For phases I to IV, the age estimation is given using the Suchey-Brooks method. For phases V to VI, the pubic bone density measurement is used. Further study will be needed to assess the reproducibility of these results on cadavers and dry bones, as the post-mortem process could interfere with the measurement of mineral bone density., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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48. Telemedicine contributing to an incidental finding of a premalignant lesion.
- Author
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Maret D, Warnakulasuriya S, Herbault-Barres B, Savall F, and Vigarios E
- Subjects
- Aged, 80 and over, Humans, Incidental Findings, Male, Precancerous Conditions diagnosis, Telemedicine
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Gunshot residue detection in stagnant water: SEM-EDX or ICP-MS? A preliminary study.
- Author
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Montoriol R, Guilbeau-Frugier C, Aries S, Onfroy L, Lombardi V, Payré B, Cassard H, Feki N, Telmon N, and Savall F
- Abstract
The identification of gunshot residue (GSR) on wounds enables the differentiation of entry and exit wounds. Unfortunately, studies analyzing GSR on degraded bodies have been poorly documented, and no data exist regarding GSR detection after stagnant water immersion. The aim of this preliminary experimental study was to detect GSR on wounds altered in stagnant water, using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X (SEM-EDX) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Shots were performed on sheep limbs with a 22LR at a distance of 20 cm. The limbs were then submerged in stagnant water and analyzed on days 0, 6, and 14. SEM-EDX was performed on previously dehydrated wounds. For ICP-MS analysis, the wounds were rubbed with a cotton swab that was then analyzed. In the SEM studies, a higher number of particles were detected in entry wounds compared to exit wounds under every set of experimental conditions. Unfortunately, SEM-EDX failed to detect GSR particles, even on day 0. ICP-MS enabled the detection of Pb, Sb, and Ba at every stage with higher quantities on entry than in exit. These elements remained detectable following limb immersion. ICP-MS enabled differentiate entry from exit wounds, even after immersion in stagnant water. Nevertheless, when manually swabbing the wounds, quantities of matter collected is highly variable. ICP-MS is a more suitable technique than SEM-EDX for GSR identification of wounds after decomposition in stagnant water; however, standardization is needed., (© 2021 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.)
- Published
- 2021
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- View/download PDF
50. Sexual dimorphism of the mandibular conformational changes in aging human adults: A multislice computed tomographic study by geometric morphometrics.
- Author
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Costa Mendes L, Delrieu J, Gillet C, Telmon N, Maret D, and Savall F
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multidetector Computed Tomography, Aging, Mandible diagnostic imaging, Sex Characteristics
- Abstract
The aging process has an impact on mandibular bone morphology and can therefore affect shape sexual dimorphism. Understanding the effect of senescence on mandibular shape changes is particularly important to correctly estimate the sex of an individual and predict age-related conformational modifications. The purpose of this study was to assess age-related changes in mandibular shape and sexual dimorphism. The study sample comprised 160 Multi Slice Computed Tomography examinations of individuals aged 40 to 79 years. Geometric morphometric analysis of fourteen osteometric landmarks was used to examine sexual dimorphism and patterns of mandibular shape variation with age. Results showed that mandibular sexual dimorphism of shape remained significant with aging. Conformational changes occurred between 50 and 70 years and were different for male and female individuals. Females presented earlier and more marked age-related shape changes than males. These observations suggest that mandibular senescence is a sexually dimorphic process since its onset, rate, and the areas subjected to conformational changes differ from male to female individuals. Senescence-related changes present substantial variability, and further investigation is required to determine precisely the age that marks their onset., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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