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Paresthesia in the chin area may not always be caused by a neurological condition. Sometimes persistent and prolonged treatment of the trigeminal nerve for neuralgia, does not have a positive result. One cause of mandibular numbness may be caused by compression on the mandibular canal by an odontogenic cyst.Aim. To demonstrate the clinical symptomatology and radiological signs of mandibular nerve damage in a 48-year-old patient who underwent re-treatment of the lower left seventh tooth in 2 visits with long-term clinical and radiological follow-up.

Aim. Optimization of root canal filling.Materials and methods. The determination of apical hermeticity was performed on extracted single root teeth and obturation was performed using three techniques: cold lateral compaction, hot vertical compaction and hybrid technique.Results. The optimal obturation technique is the hybrid technique, which has a stable and minimal gap between the obturation material and the root canal wall.Conclusions. Obturation techniques such as lateral compaction and vertical compaction are the quality standard, but the most optimal technique is the hybrid technique, which has taken only the positive qualities of both previously presented techniques.

Aim. To assess systematically the available scientific evidence about the efficiency and the adverse effects of different solvents dissolving guttapercha.Materials and methods. The study of publications was produced in the electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed during a systematic review of the literature. Included articles contain information about using solvents during endodontic retreatment and their effectiveness and side effects. The publication date criterion was selected from January 2006 to January 2021.Results. 66 articles were viewed during the review. After analyzing the literature for inclusion criteria, the total number of publications has become 13.Conclusions. According to literature data, the frequency of using essential oils (orange oil, grapefruit oil, eucalyptus oil) to dissolve guttapercha in endodontic practice is increasing due to better biocompatibility and lack of cytotoxicity and carcinogenic effects.

Aim. To study the properties and resistance to cyclic loading of nickel-titanium files with a martensitic phase. The use of nickel-titanium instruments is an integral part of the endodontic treatment of root canals. During endodontic treatment, nickel-titanium instruments experience a huge load, which is manifested by fatigue of nickel-titanium instruments, in the form of a fracture.Purpose. To determine the resistance of nickel-titanium files to mechanical, chemical and temperature stress.Materials and methods. A nickel-titanium file with a martensitic S-flexi phase from Geosoft was selected as a study. Cyclic fatigue was determined using a simulation endodontic unit. Photo and video fixation was carried out as a calculation of the revolutions and breakage time of the tool in the process of determining cyclic fatigue. To assess changes in the structure of nickel-titanium instruments with a martensitic phase, electron scanning microscopy and determination of the elemental composition of the alloy were carried out.Results. In the course of the study, tests were carried out to determine the cyclic load, close to the clinical reception. After a series of cyclic load detection tests, S-flexi files showed different resistance to cyclic load. The results of cyclic fatigue are summarized in Table 1.Conclusion. High-quality and safe mechanical treatment of root canals is possible when using nickel-titanium S-flexi files. Due to the high resistance to mechanical, chemical and thermal stress.

Relevance. The objective of this study was to analyze current data concerning research methods and results on resistance of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments to torsion load in order to minimize complications of dental root canal treatment. The use of the nickel -titanium endodontic instruments is a special importance to ensure high-quality dental root canal treatment; it prevents the further contamination of the canals with microorganisms. However, these instruments can form a fracture under torsional load which leads to further complications.Aim. The analysis of research methods and results on resistance of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments to torsion load for minimization complications.Materials and methods. A series of publications in the electronic databases such as Google Scholar, Pub Med was analyzed in the course of a systematic review of the literature. The articles dealing with nickel-titanium endodontic instruments and torsion load that directly influences the quality of dental root canal treatment were included in the paper.Results. 73 articles were viewed during the review. Having analyzed the literature for inclusion criteria, the total number of publications has become 51. There were 16 main methods which demonstrated the influence of torsion load on endodontic instruments. These methods were summarized in the Table 1.Conclusions. As regards literature data, there are a various number of methods which converge to one conclusion: nickel-titanium instruments cannot fully resist torsion load. Fracture is caused approximately in 0,5-5% of cases.

Aim. To analyze current data on the bactericidal efficacy of endodontic irrigants, in particular, sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine in different concentrations relative to the elimination of resistant microorganisms (E. Faecalis, C. Albicans). Irrigation is an important stage in the treatment of root canals, it prevents the further contamination of the canals with microorganisms. However, irrigants do not always cope with this function, which leads to the occurrence of a secondary infection.Materials and methods. The study of publications was produced in the electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed and ScienceDirect in the course of a systematic review of the literature. Included articles contain information about various types of irrigants and their antimicrobial effect.Results. 73 articles were viewed during the review. After analyzing the literature for inclusion criteria, the total number of publications has become 41.Conclusions. According to literature data, irrigation solutions in widely used by clinicians concentrations (sodium hypochlorite 3%, chlorhexidine 2%) are not able to completely eliminate E. faecalis and C. albicans from the root canal system.

The aim of this review article is detailed analyzation of the effect of sodium hypochlorite on the structural components of dentin. This compound is one of the strongest antimicrobial medicines for root canal treatment. However, sodium hypochlorite in certain concentrations has a detrimental effect on dentin, which leads to the loss of its physicochemical properties.Materials and methods. The study of publications was produced in the electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed and ScienceDirect in the course of a systematic review of the literature. Included articles contain information about the on the effect of sodium hypochlorite on the structural components of dentin and the harmful effects of medicines for root canal treatment on organic elements.Results. 67 articles were viewed during the rview. After analyzing the literature for inclusion criteria, the total number of publications has become 43.Conclusions. According to the literature, it can be assumed that an increase in sodium hypochlorite concentration and its exposure time can lead to depletion of dentin organic matrix, which in turn, is responsible for the root fracture.

Aim. Optimization of an endodontic retreatment by performing the following tasks, including the selection of an optimal and safe solvent.Materials and methods. In order to choose the most suitable solvent for the problem, an experiment was conducted with clove, mint, eucalyptus, orange, and grapefruit oils. The surface tension coefficient was measured by the Rebinder apparatus. In order to justify the choice of an effective essential oil, as well as the dissolving ability and the absence of solvent and debris after irrigation with sodium hypochlorite in the root canal, a tube-shaped electron scanning microscopy was performed.Results. Grapefruit oil has the most dissolving activity (p < 0.05). In addition to the solubility of the filler and siller, grapefruit essential oil is able to dissolve the smear layer.Conclusion. Optimization of the endodontic retreatment with root canals previously filled with gutta-percha, is possible using essential oils, however, a grapefruit oil is the most effective.