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2. First results from VERITAS

Author

M. K. Daniel, F. Krennrich, A. Syson, L. Ciupik, S. P. Wakely, Abraham D. Falcone, F. Pizlo, G. H. Sembroski, Daniel Gall, R. A. Ong, H. Manseri, A. McCann, B. Zitzer, D. J. Fegan, S. J. Fegan, D. Steele, J. E. Ward, S. LeBohec, A. Cesarini, J. Hall, Y. C. K. Chow, S. M. Bradbury, Simon P. Swordy, M. Kertzman, John L. Quinn, D. Pandel, Martin Pohl, Henric Krawczynski, K. G. Gibbs, O. Celik, R. J. White, John Toner, J. S. Perkins, Yousaf M. Butt, V. V. Vassiliev, Pierre Colin, V. Bugaev, V. A. Acciari, S. B. Hughes, G. Blaylock, R. Guenette, G. H. Gillanders, Jacek Niemiec, H. M. Badran, R. G. Wagner, P. T. Reynolds, T. Nagai, P. A. Ogden, E. Hays, R. Amini, Geza Gyuk, O. J. Glidewell, D. Horan, Paul Dowkontt, Tulun Ergin, Reshmi Mukherjee, J. Millis, P. Moriarty, P. Fortin, H. J. Rose, Wei Cui, C. M. Hui, A. Konopelko, K. Lee, D. S. Hanna, L. Valcarcel, Lucy Fortson, Matthew Wood, C. Dowdall, M. McCutcheon, A. Imran, John Kildea, J. H. Buckley, M. J. Lang, J. P. Finley, C. Duke, A. W. Smith, E. Roache, T. C. Weekes, Stephanie Wissel, Amanda Weinstein, P. Cogan, Thomas Brian Humensky, K. Ragan, Karen Byrum, M. Schroedter, David Kieda, David A. Williams, J. Grube, Jamie Holder, G. E. Kenny, and P. Kaaret

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Active galactic nucleus, Sky, media_common.quotation_subject, Astronomy, Gamma-ray astronomy, Astrophysics, Blazar, Instrumentation, Galaxy, Cherenkov radiation, media_common
Abstract

VERITAS is an array of four, 12-m-diameter, Cherenkov telescopes, designed to explore the very-high-energy gamma-ray sky in the energy band between 100 GeV and 50 TeV. Its construction and commissioning have occurred over the past two years and the array has been taking scientific data with three or more telescopes since November 2006. We present results from observations made with VERITAS during the past observing season, including new results on the distant blazar 1ES 1218 + 304 , the active galaxy M87 and the high-mass X-ray binary system LS I + 61 303. We also describe the plans in place for the coming observing seasons.

Published
2008

3. The Whipple Observatory 10m gamma-ray telescope, 1997–2006

Author

G. E. Kenny, O. Celik, M. J. Lang, P. Moriarty, D. Petry, G. H. Gillanders, A. Konopelko, J. P. Finley, John Kildea, D. A. Carter-Lewis, F. Krennrich, T. C. Weekes, A. Syson, J. Millis, Y. C. K. Chow, J. Lloyd-Evans, I. D. Perez, I. Jung, M. K. Daniel, C. Duke, D. J. Fegan, H. J. Rose, R. J. White, S. P. Wakely, Daniel Gall, S. B. Hughes, J. S. Perkins, M. Jordan, A. W. Smith, J. Grube, Jamie Holder, J. H. Buckley, M. Schroedter, C. Dowdall, K. Gutierrez, John Toner, P. Cogan, S. M. Bradbury, G. H. Sembroski, R. W. Atkins, J. Knapp, P. A. Ogden, I. H. Bond, Henric Krawczynski, Lucy Fortson, R. A. Ong, D. Horan, S. LeBohec, J. Hall, T. Nagai, P. Rebillot, Martin Pohl, K. Kosack, Mark N. Quinn, Wei Cui, L. Valcarcel, M. Kertzman, G. Blaylock, H. M. Badran, V. V. Vassiliev, Tony Hall, Abraham D. Falcone, F. Pizlo, S. J. Fegan, and John L. Quinn

Subjects
Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Context (language use), Gamma-ray astronomy, Cherenkov Telescope Array, law.invention, Primary mirror, Telescope, Observatory, law, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract

Details are presented of the Whipple Observatory’s 10 m atmospheric Cherenkov telescope and camera, as it evolved during the period 1997 until 2006. The design of the telescope and camera’s optical and electronic systems is discussed together with a detailed description of the four-stage GRANITE (Gamma-RAy New Imaging TElescope) upgrade program, undertaken during the same time period. The objective of the upgrade was to improve the telescope’s sensitivity for the detection of very-high-energy gamma-rays. Results from the program are provided and are briefly discussed in the context of the design of VERITAS.

Published
2007

4. Status report from VERITAS

Author

Jamie Holder, I. Jung, M. J. Lang, Gernot Maier, S. P. Wakely, R. G. Wagner, D. A. Carter-Lewis, D. Steele, J. S. Perkins, P. Cogan, M. K. Daniel, Henric Krawczynski, David Kieda, E. Hays, John Kildea, Tulun Ergin, G. H. Gillanders, P. Kaaret, K G Gutierrez, A. J.R. Weinstein, Wei Cui, P Fortin, D. Horan, L. Valcarcel, G. E. Kenny, Thomas Brian Humensky, S. P. Swordy, C. Dowdall, David A. Williams, A. D. Falcone, S. J. Fegan, Karen Byrum, Stephanie Wissel, M. Schroedter, Lucy Fortson, S. M. Bradbury, V. V. Vassiliev, F. Pizlo, A. Konopelko, D. S. Hanna, A. Imran, John L. Quinn, G. H. Sembroski, K. G. Gibbs, H. J. Rose, J. H. Buckley, F. Krennrich, S. B. Hughes, Omer Celik, J. A. Toner, G. Blaylock, T. C. Weekes, T. Nagai, P. Moriarty, R. J. White, J. Grube, A. W. Smith, C. Duke, R. A. Ong, S. LeBohec, and J. Millis

Subjects
Physics, History, Observatory, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics, Status report, Computer Science Applications, Education
Abstract

VERITAS is a ground-based gamma-ray observatory covering energies between 100 GeV and 50 TeV and will start operating by January 2007. We give a brief report of the construction status and performance characteristics of the telescopes.

Published
2007

5. Deployment of the VERITAS observatory

Author

S. P. Swordy, R. A. Ong, J. H. Buckley, M Schroedter, H. Manseri, Gernot Maier, F. Pizlo, S. LeBohec, D Horana, J. Lloyd-Evans, S. P. Wakely, G. Walker, Mark N. Quinn, G. Blaylock, J. Knapp, J. Hall, I. H. Bond, K. Ragan, H. M. Badran, F. Krennrich, R. W. Atkins, Vladimir Vassiliev, David Kieda, M. J. Lang, Martin Pohl, K. Kosack, P T Reynolds, Sm Bradbury, John L. Quinn, R. G. Wagner, D. Petry, K. G. Gibbs, Jeremy Perkins, S. Gammell, P Rebillot, E. Hays, P. A. Ogden, A. Syson, Reshmi Mukherjee, G. H. Gillanders, Jamie Holder, C Duke, Da Carter-Lewis, P. Fortin, H. J. Rose, D. J. Fegan, Y. C. Chow, G H Sembroski, Lucy Fortson, B. Power-Mooney, P. Moriarty, T Ergin, Dowdall, J. Grube, T. N. Nagai, A. D. Falcone, M K Daniel, M. A. Olevitch, David A. Williams, John Kildea, J. P. Finley, Henric Krawczynski, T. C. Weekes, R. J. White, S. B. Hughes, M. Kertzmann, Thomas Brian Humensky, P. Cogan, P. J. Boyle, S. J. Fegan, D. Steele, Paul Dowkontt, D. S. Hanna, W CuP, Jeffrey Zweerink, O. Celik, A. Milovanovic, G. E. Kenny, I. de la Calle Perez, P. Kaaret, E. Linton, and L. Valcarcel

Subjects
Physics, History, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma ray, Radiation imaging, Astronomy, Cherenkov Telescope Array, Computer Science Applications, Education, law.invention, Telescope, Observatory, Software deployment, law, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

The Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) being constructed in Southern Arizona consists of an array of four Atmospheric Cherenkov 12m Telescopes designed to observe astrophysical gamma rays in the energy range from 100 GeV to tens of TeV. A first telescope has been in operation on a temporary site since the end of 2004 and meets all specifications. The second is being installed on the same site, 85m from the first, in order to test stereoscopic capabilities. The full system of four telescopes is expected to be installed on the definitive site by the end of 2006.

Published
2006

6. Erratum: 'veritas observations of a very high energy γ-ray flare from the blazar 3c 66a' (2009, apj, 693, l104)

Author

A. Varlotta, John Kildea, M. J. Lang, M. Beilicke, Wystan Benbow, Henric Krawczynski, R. G. Wagner, J. P. Finley, Lucy Fortson, Matthew Wood, A. Cannon, Martin Pohl, G. H. Sembroski, D. Pandel, Yousaf M. Butt, J. A. Toner, N. Karlsson, M. McCutcheon, A. McCann, C. M. Hui, T. C. Weekes, R. Dickherber, P. Moriarty, E. Hays, J. Grube, L. Ciupik, J. S. Perkins, Thomas Brian Humensky, V. Bugaev, V. A. Acciari, Stephanie Wissel, Geza Gyuk, David A. Williams, E. Aliu, Y. C. Chow, Reshmi Mukherjee, D. Horan, Amanda Weinstein, David Kieda, R. Guenette, M. K. Daniel, R. A. Ong, M. Kertzman, D. Petry, B. Zitzer, Gernot Maier, K. Ragan, S. M. Bradbury, P. Fortin, H. J. Rose, A. Konopelko, Markus Böttcher, S. LeBohec, P. Kaaret, S. P. Wakely, G. H. Gillanders, S. Godambe, S. P. Swordy, S. J. Fegan, Daniel Gall, O. Celik, D. Steele, F. Pizlo, Karen Byrum, D. S. Hanna, T. C. Arlen, M. Schroedter, A. Imran, Jamie Holder, J. E. Ward, Wei Cui, A. Cesarini, A. N. Otte, John L. Quinn, A. W. Smith, J. Millis, K. G. Gibbs, E. Roache, A. D. Falcone, P. Cogan, Luis C. Reyes, Vladimir Vassiliev, Amy Furniss, Tulun Ergin, F. Krennrich, M. Theiling, J. H. Buckley, P. T. Reynolds, and T. Nagai

Subjects
Physics, High energy, Space and Planetary Science, law, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Blazar, Flare, law.invention
Published
2010

7. A connection between star formation activity and cosmic rays in the starburst galaxy M82

Author

V. A. Acciari, M. J. Lang, A. Cesarini, Pierre Colin, John L. Quinn, L. C. Reyes, K. G. Gibbs, R. Guenette, J. E. Ward, A. N. Otte, Frank Krennrich, A. McCann, S. P. Swordy, R. Dickherber, T. Aune, Karen Byrum, T. Weisgarber, S. Thibadeau, M. Theiling, G. H. Gillanders, S. Godambe, Philip Kaaret, M. Schroedter, D. S. Hanna, T. C. Arlen, A. Imran, S. M. Bradbury, Wystan Benbow, J. Millis, Reshmi Mukherjee, F. Pizlo, S. J. Fegan, M. Beilicke, John Kildea, D. Steele, N. Karlsson, M. McCutcheon, David A. Williams, P. Moriarty, Gernot Maier, A. Cannon, Stephanie Wissel, D. Pandel, S. P. Wakely, Daniel Gall, D. Boltuch, J. H. Buckley, N. Galante, R. A. Ong, S. LeBohec, P. Cogan, G. Finnegan, A. W. Smith, David Kieda, Vladimir Vassiliev, C. Duke, Wei Cui, E. Roache, Thomas Brian Humensky, Jamie Holder, Lucy Fortson, Matthew Wood, V. Bugaev, S. McArthur, L. Ciupik, Amy Furniss, Geza Gyuk, E. Aliu, A. Varlotta, B. Zitzer, J. S. Perkins, K. Ragan, A. Konopelko, Martin Pohl, G. H. Sembroski, Henric Krawczynski, T. Nagai, R. G. Wagner, C. M. Hui, D. Horan, M. Kertzman, J. Grube, J. P. Finley, T. C. Weekes, P. T. Reynolds, S. Vincent, Y. C. Chow, O. Celik, Manuel A. Bautista, Amanda Weinstein, P. Fortin, and H. J. Rose

Subjects
Physics, High rate, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Multidisciplinary, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Star formation, Protogalaxy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Radiation, 01 natural sciences, Galaxy, Supernova, Stars, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Although Galactic cosmic rays (protons and nuclei) are widely believed to be dominantly accelerated by the winds and supernovae of massive stars, definitive evidence of this origin remains elusive nearly a century after their discovery [1]. The active regions of starburst galaxies have exceptionally high rates of star formation, and their large size, more than 50 times the diameter of similar Galactic regions, uniquely enables reliable calorimetric measurements of their potentially high cosmic-ray density [2]. The cosmic rays produced in the formation, life, and death of their massive stars are expected to eventually produce diffuse gamma-ray emission via their interactions with interstellar gas and radiation. M 82, the prototype small starburst galaxy, is predicted to be the brightest starburst galaxy in gamma rays [3, 4]. Here we report the detection of >700 GeV gamma rays from M 82. From these data we determine a cosmic-ray density of 250 eV cm-3 in the starburst core of M 82, or about 500 times the average Galactic density. This result strongly supports that cosmic-ray acceleration is tied to star formation activity, and that supernovae and massive-star winds are the dominant accelerators., 18 pages, 4 figures; published in Nature; Version is prior to Nature's in-house style editing (differences are minimal)

Published
2009

8. VERITAS Observations of the gamma-Ray Binary LS I +61 303

Author

V. A. Acciari, M. Beilicke, G. Blaylock, S. M. Bradbury, J. H. Buckley, V. Bugaev, Y. Butt, K. L. Byrum, O. Celik, A. Cesarini, L. Ciupik, Y. C. K. Chow, P. Cogan, P. Colin, W. Cui, M. K. Daniel, C. Duke, T. Ergin, A. D. Falcone, S. J. Fegan, J. P. Finley, P. Fortin, L. F. Fortson, D. Gall, K. Gibbs, G. H. Gillanders, J. Grube, R. Guenette, D. Hanna, E. Hays, J. Holder, D. Horan, S. B. Hughes, C. M. Hui, T. B. Humensky, P. Kaaret, D. B. Kieda, J. Kildea, A. Konopelko, H. Krawczynski, F. Krennrich, M. J. Lang, S. LeBohec, K. Lee, G. Maier, A. McCann, M. McCutcheon, J. Millis, P. Moriarty, R. Mukherjee, T. Nagai, R. A. Ong, D. Pandel, J. S. Perkins, F. Pizlo, M. Pohl, J. Quinn, K. Ragan, P. T. Reynolds, H. J. Rose, M. Schroedter, G. H. Sembroski, A. W. Smith, D. Steele, S. P. Swordy, J. A. Toner, L. Valcarcel, V. V. Vassiliev, R. Wagner, S. P. Wakely, J. E. Ward, T. C. Weekes, A. Weinstein, R. J. White, D. A. Williams, S. A. Wissel, M. Wood, and B. Zitzer

Subjects
catalog, Photon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flux, Binary number, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Power law, Standard deviation, spectrum, microquasar ls-i+61-303, ls-i +61-degrees-303, emission, 0103 physical sciences, Energy spectrum, gamma rays : observations, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, acceleration of particles, Physics, lsi+61-degrees-303, model, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, stars : individual (ls i+61 303), Astrophysics (astro-ph), Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, astronomy, modulation, Crab Nebula, Space and Planetary Science, High Energy Physics::Experiment, binaries : general, discovery
Abstract

LS I +61 303 is one of only a few high-mass X-ray binaries currently detected at high significance in very high energy gamma-rays. The system was observed over several orbital cycles (between September 2006 and February 2007) with the VERITAS array of imaging air-Cherenkov telescopes. A signal of gamma-rays with energies above 300 GeV is found with a statistical significance of 8.4 standard deviations. The detected flux is measured to be strongly variable; the maximum flux is found during most orbital cycles at apastron. The energy spectrum for the period of maximum emission can be characterized by a power law with a photon index of Gamma=2.40+-0.16_stat+-0.2_sys and a flux above 300 GeV corresponding to 15-20% of the flux from the Crab Nebula., Comment: accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal

Published
2008
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9. The first veritas telescope

Author

Geza Gyuk, A. Milovanovic, Philip Kaaret, F. Krennrich, A. Syson, M. K. Daniel, Gernot Maier, D. A. Carter-Lewis, G. E. Kenny, J. P. Finley, K. Ragan, D. Horan, T. C. Weekes, S. P. Wakely, Y. C. K. Chow, Abraham D. Falcone, C. Duke, R. A. Ong, John Toner, F. Pizlo, R. G. Wagner, H. Manseri, E. Roache, J. Grube, S. LeBohec, S. P. Swordy, P. A. Ogden, Reshmi Mukherjee, Jamie Holder, M. J. Lang, I. Jung, K. J. Gutierrez, R. J. White, John L. Quinn, S. B. Hughes, Henric Krawczynski, P. Moriarty, K. G. Gibbs, S. M. Bradbury, Karen Byrum, G. Sleege, John Kildea, E.K. Little, M. Schroedter, G. Blaylock, J. Hall, J. S. Perkins, David A. Williams, C. Dowdall, P. Fortin, H. J. Rose, P. Cogan, Martin Pohl, R. W. Atkins, J. H. Buckley, P. T. Reynolds, D. Petry, E. Hays, V. V. Vassiliev, David Kieda, Lucy Fortson, Paul Dowkontt, Wei Cui, L. Valcarcel, H. M. Badran, O. J. Glidewell, D. S. Hanna, A. Imran, E. Linton, J. Knapp, I. de la Calle Perez, Thomas Brian Humensky, G. H. Sembroski, G. H. Gillanders, O. Celik, S. J. Fegan, and D. Steele

Subjects
tev gamma-rays, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Monte Carlo method, FOS: Physical sciences, X-ray telescope, Astrophysics, system, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, spectrum, Telescope, project, law, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, crab-nebula, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation, gamma ray astronomy, cherenkov telescopes, atmospheric cherenkov telescope, imaging technique, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Gamma-ray astronomy, Cherenkov Telescope Array, Crab Nebula, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The first atmospheric Cherenkov telescope of VERITAS (the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System) has been in operation since February 2005. We present here a technical description of the instrument and a summary of its performance. The calibration methods are described, along with the results of Monte Carlo simulations of the telescope and comparisons between real and simulated data. The analysis of TeV $\gamma$-ray observations of the Crab Nebula, including the reconstructed energy spectrum, is shown to give results consistent with earlier measurements. The telescope is operating as expected and has met or exceeded all design specifications., Comment: Accepted by Astroparticle Physics

Published
2006

10. A new search for primordial black hole evaporations using the whipple gamma-ray telescope

Author

M. K. Daniel, E. Linton, Gernot Maier, S. P. Wakely, P. Fortin, J. H. Buckley, L. Valcarcel, J. Knapp, John Kildea, John L. Quinn, G. E. Kenny, P. J. Boyle, K. J. Guiterrez, M. J. Lang, K. Ragan, H. M. Badran, I. Jung, R. A. Ong, David Kieda, P. Rebillot, J. Hall, S. LeBohec, Jamie Holder, A. D. Falcone, S. P. Swordy, D. Horan, G. Blaylock, Karen Byrum, J. P. Finley, Martin Pohl, P. Cogan, F. Pizlo, R. W. Atkins, P. Moriarty, Y. C. Chow, G. H. Sembroski, T. C. Weekes, C. Dowdall, M. Kertzman, D. S. Hanna, D. J. Fegan, Thomas Brian Humensky, S. J. Fegan, D. Steele, Jeremy Perkins, Henric Krawczynski, R. J. White, S. B. Hughes, O. Celik, P. T. Reynolds, and D. A. Carter-Lewis

Subjects
Physics, bursts, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, cosmic-rays, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Primordial black hole, Astrophysics, gamma ray bursts, black holes, Galaxy, Universe, matter, scale, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Micro black hole, Orders of magnitude (time), Gamma-ray burst, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, media_common
Abstract

Stephen Hawking's prediction that black holes should radiate like black bodies has several important consequences, including the possibility of the detection of small (similar to 10(15) g) black holes created in the very early universe. The detection of such primordial black holes ( PBHs) would be an important discovery, not only confirming Hawking's theory, but also providing valuable insights into the history of the early universe. A search through 5.5 years of archival data from the Whipple Atmospheric Cerenkov Telescope is made for TeV gamma-ray bursts on 1, 3, and 5 s timescales. On the basis of a null result from this direct search for PBH evaporations, an upper limit of 1.08 x 10(6) pc(-3) yr(-1) (99% CL) is set on the PBH evaporation rate in the local region of the galaxy, assuming the Standard Model of particle physics. This is more than a factor of two better than the previous limit at this energy range and includes longer timescales than have previously been explored. Comparison of this result with previous limits on the fraction of the critical density comprised by PBHs, Omega(pbh), depends strongly on assumptions made about PBH clustering; in models predicting strong PBH clustering, the limit in this work could be as many as ten orders of magnitude more stringently than those set by diffuse MeV gamma-ray observations.

Published
2006

11. VERITAS: status c.2005

Author

S. M. Bradbury, D. A. Carter-Lewis, S. P. Swordy, K. J. Guitterez, V. V. Vassiliev, M. Schroedter, F. Pizlo, G. E. Kenny, P. A. Ogden, Paul Dowkontt, Reshmi Mukherjee, E. Linton, H. M. Badran, J. Hall, Y. C. Chow, Tony Hall, T. B. Humensky, B. Power-Mooney, P. Fortin, H. J. Rose, Tulun Ergin, I. de la Calle Perez, David R. Williams, Henric Krawczynski, T. N. Nagai, Wei Cui, A. Milovanovic, D. Kiedai, D. S. Hanna, J. S. Perkins, Dirk Petry, John L. Quinn, K. Kosack, K. G. Gibbs, J. Knapp, A. M. Hillas, John Kildea, R. G. Wagner, D. Horan, M. J. Lang, K. L. Bryum, Lucy Fortson, P. T. Reynolds, P. Kaaret, M. K. Daniel, A. D. Falcone, A. Syson, P. J. Boyle, L. Valcarcel, G. H. Gillanders, C. Dowdall, S. Gammell, E. Hays, P. Moriarty, Gernot Maier, J. Grube, J. Lloyd-Evans, D. Steele, R. A. Ong, G. H. Sembroski, H. Manseri, S. P. Wakely, G. Walker, S. LeBohec, C. Duke, J. P. Finley, J. A. Toner, T. C. Weekes, S. B. Hughes, M. Pohl, J. A. Zweerink, K. Ragan, P. Rebillot, M. A. Olevitch, Jamie Holder, Mark N. Quinn, D. J. Fegan, M. Kertzmann, I. H. Bond, S. J. Fegan, P. Cogan, R. W. Atkins, R. J. White, Omer Celik, G. Blaylock, J. H. Buckley, and F. Krennrich

Subjects
Computer science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Radiation imaging, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Gamma-ray astronomy, law.invention, Telescope, law, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astronomical telescopes, Gamma detection, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation, Gamma ray detection
Abstract

VERITAS (Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System), is one of a new generation of TeV gamma‐ray observatories. The current status of its construction is described here. The first two telescopes and cameras have been completed and meet the design specifications; the full array of four telescopes could be operational by the end of 2006.

Published
2006

12. The VERITAS Prototype and the Upcoming VERITAS Array

Author

Abe D. Falcone, S. Gammell, G. E. Kenny, T. B. Humensky, K. L. Byrum, P. Cogan, H. J. Rose, Wei Cui, L. Valcarcel, G. H. Sembroski, P. J. Boyle, S. P. Wakely, J. P. Finley, J. H. Buckley, J. Hall, I. de la Calle Perez, I. Jung, G. Walker, K. J. Guiterrez, T. C. Weekes, B. Power-Mooney, G. H. Gillanders, R. Pallassini, Dirk Petry, T. N. Nagai, A. Milovanovic, D. Horan, J. Knapp, Henric Krawczynski, S. J. Fegan, A. Merriman, John Kildea, C. Duke, K. Kosack, Paul Dowkontt, M. K. Daniel, S. B. Hughes, M. Pohl, R. A. Ong, D. S. Hanna, J. Lloyd-Evans, D. A. Carter-Lewis, F. Krennrich, Mark N. Quinn, I. H. Bond, S. Le Bohec, Lucy Fortson, M. Kertzman, H. M. Badran, S. M. Bradbury, P. Moriarty, J. Grube, J. S. Perkins, M. J. Lang, R. L. Wagner, A. Syson, V. V. Vassiliev, P. T. Reynolds, F. Pizlo, Omer Celik, G. Blaylock, John L. Quinn, K. G. Gibbs, E. Linton, David Kieda, S. P. Swordy, M. Schroedter, D. J. Fegan, M. A. Olevitch, Jamie Holder, D. Mendoza, J. A. Zweerink, K. Ragan, P. Rebillot, and R. J. White

Subjects
Telescope, Physics, law, Astronomy, Astronomical telescopes, Cherenkov Telescope Array, law.invention, Remote sensing
Abstract

The prototype for the VERITAS imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope array was successfully operated in southern Arizona between September 2003 and April 2004. The prototype consisted of 86 mirror facets mounted centrally on a 12‐meter dish, which was built to accommodate up to 350 facets when converted to a complete VERITAS telescope. The camera consisted of half of the full 499 pixel camera. The signal and trigger electronics were nearly identical to those that will be used for the individual VERITAS array telescopes. By observing the Crab and Mrk421, as well as performing a variety of tests, the characteristics of the instrument were evaluated. The prototype met all performance expectations and served as a valuable test bed for the current design, as well as for the construction and operation of VERITAS. This prototype instrument is now being upgraded to a complete VERITAS telescope that will be operated during the construction of the full VERITAS array. The array is expected to be operational by November 2006.

Published
2005

13. Detection of pulsed gamma rays above 100 GeV from the Crab pulsar.

Author

Aliu E, Arlen T, Aune T, Beilicke M, Benbow W, Bouvier A, Bradbury SM, Buckley JH, Bugaev V, Byrum K, Cannon A, Cesarini A, Christiansen JL, Ciupik L, Collins-Hughes E, Connolly MP, Cui W, Dickherber R, Duke C, Errando M, Falcone A, Finley JP, Finnegan G, Fortson L, Furniss A, Galante N, Gall D, Gibbs K, Gillanders GH, Godambe S, Griffin S, Grube J, Guenette R, Gyuk G, Hanna D, Holder J, Huan H, Hughes G, Hui CM, Humensky TB, Imran A, Kaaret P, Karlsson N, Kertzman M, Kieda D, Krawczynski H, Krennrich F, Lang MJ, Lyutikov M, Madhavan AS, Maier G, Majumdar P, McArthur S, McCann A, McCutcheon M, Moriarty P, Mukherjee R, Nuñez P, Ong RA, Orr M, Otte AN, Park N, Perkins JS, Pizlo F, Pohl M, Prokoph H, Quinn J, Ragan K, Reyes LC, Reynolds PT, Roache E, Rose HJ, Ruppel J, Saxon DB, Schroedter M, Sembroski GH, Sentürk GD, Smith AW, Staszak D, Tešić G, Theiling M, Thibadeau S, Tsurusaki K, Tyler J, Varlotta A, Vassiliev VV, Vincent S, Vivier M, Wakely SP, Ward JE, Weekes TC, Weinstein A, Weisgarber T, Williams DA, and Zitzer B

Abstract

We report the detection of pulsed gamma rays from the Crab pulsar at energies above 100 giga-electron volts (GeV) with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) array of atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. The detection cannot be explained on the basis of current pulsar models. The photon spectrum of pulsed emission between 100 mega-electron volts and 400 GeV is described by a broken power law that is statistically preferred over a power law with an exponential cutoff. It is unlikely that the observation can be explained by invoking curvature radiation as the origin of the observed gamma rays above 100 GeV. Our findings require that these gamma rays be produced more than 10 stellar radii from the neutron star.

Published
2011
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