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1. Rhönite in Cenozoic alkali basalt from Changle, Shandong Province, China, and its significance

Author

F.-M. Kong, H.-P. Schertl, L.-Q. Zhao, X.-P. Li, and X.-H. Liu

Subjects
Mineralogy, QE351-399.2
Abstract

Four Cenozoic, rhönite-bearing alkali-olivine basalt samples from the Changle area (Shandong Province, China) show an intracontinental character and were generated in an extensional setting. Petrographic studies document different generations of rhönite. In three samples, rhönite occurs either as a reaction product surrounding coarse-grained corundum, spinel and phlogopite or along cleavage planes in phlogopite. In one sample rhönite forms disseminated crystals in a mantle xenolith, possibly formed by a reaction of coarse-grained orthopyroxene or spinel with a melt. Rhönite exhibits a wide range of compositions: 22.9 wt %–33.0 wt % SiO2, 13.3 wt %–19.0 wt % Al2O3, 9.4 wt %–19.9 wt % MgO and 10.210.2 wt %–24.5 wt % FeO. The derived primary substitutions include (1) SiIV + NaVII = (Al, Fe3+)IV + CaVII, (2) MgVI = (Fe2+, Mn2+)VI and (3) TiVI + (Mg + Fe2+ + Mn2+)VI = 2Fe3+VI. Rare-earth-element (REE) patterns of euhedral rhönite crystals from the mantle xenolith (sample SS17) and those surrounding spinel (sample CL04) have a concave-upward shape for the heavy rare-earth elements (HREEs) and are slightly enriched in the light rare-earth elements (LREEs). These patterns resemble those of kaersutitic amphibole and kaersutite reported from basanite, olivine nephelinite, transitional alkali-olivine basalt and hawaiite. In contrast, REE patterns of the other two samples containing fine-grained, anhedral and acicular rhönite crystals (samples CL01 and EGS03) are relatively steep, with lower HREE and higher LREE abundances, similar to those of ocean island basalts (OIBs). All types of Changle rhönite show positive Nb, Ti and V anomalies in spidergrams normalized to primitive mantle. Mineral assemblages of the studied samples indicate that rhönite crystallized at different stages within a temperature range from about 950 to 1180 ∘C and at pressures below 0.5 kbar, with fO2 below the NNO buffer. The chemical composition of Changle rhönite is interpreted to depend on the composition of the initial silicate melt, the redox conditions during crystallization and the composition of the minerals involved in reactions to form rhönite. Similar to metasomatic mantle amphibole, the compositions of Changle rhönites cover the I-Amph (I-amphibole) and S-Amph (S-amphibole) fields, indicating that they may have formed due to an intraplate metasomatic event, overprinting an older metasomatic subduction episode.

Published
2020
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3. Chinese Medicine in Cancer Treatment - How is it Practised in the East and the West?

Author

Tsz-Him So, B.-Z. Chen, S.-K. Chan, Victor Ho-Fun Lee, Lixing Lao, and F.-M. Kong

Subjects
Mainland China, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Diet therapy, medicine.medical_treatment, Cancer, Traditional Chinese medicine, Moxibustion, medicine.disease, Scientific evidence, Radiation therapy, Oncology, Neoplasms, medicine, Acupuncture, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Medicine, Chinese Traditional, Intensive care medicine, business
Abstract

Chinese medicine therapies in cancer treatment are very common in the East. Although it is usually classified as a form of complementary and alternative therapy in the West, Chinese medicine is an independent medical profession in Hong Kong and mainland China. It has a different perspective in understanding health and diseases compared with Western medicine. In oncology practice, whereas Western medicine focuses on direct tumour eradication by surgery, radiation therapy and systemic therapies, Chinese medicine focuses on restoring body balance and enhancing the body's defences (immunity), in addition to some cytotoxic herbal therapies. Most often patients, especially those in the East, receive both treatments. Chinese medicine is also commonly used to reduce side-effects from chemotherapy or radiation therapy, to aid recovery after an operation, to palliate symptoms and to address survivorship issues. However, this raises concerns of drug-herb interactions and toxicity in combination therapies. Commonly used Chinese medicine treatment modalities include acupuncture, moxibustion, diet therapy, prescribed Chinese medicine herbal decoction, single Chinese medicine herbs or supplements and tai chi. Although there is an increasing trend of Chinese medicine use in cancer patients in both the East and the West, the scientific evidence of safety and efficacy is often questioned by oncologists. This article reviews the current evidence in different Chinese medicine therapies in cancer management in both the East and the West.

Published
2019

4. Sensitivity of ARGO-YBJ to different composition models in the energy range 10 ÷ 500 TeV

Author

C. BACCI, K. Z. BAO, F. BARONE, B. BARTOLI, S. BUSSINO, E. CALLONI, B. Y. CAO, R. CARDARELLI, S. CATALANOTTI, S. CAVALIERE, F. CESARONI, P. CRETI, DANZENGLUOBU, B. D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, M. DE VINCENZI, T. DI GIROLAMO, G. DI SCIASCIO, Z. Y. FENG, Y. FU, X. Y. GAO, Q. X. GENG, H. W. GUO, H. H. HE, M. HE, Q. HUANG, M. IACOVACCI, N. IUCCI, H. Y. JAI, C. L. JING, F. M. KONG, H. H. KUANG, LABACIREN, B. LI, J. Y. LI, Z. Q. LIU, H. LU, X. H. MA, S. M. MARI, X. R. MENG, L. MILANO, J. MU, Z. R. PENG, P. PISTILLI, L. SAGGESE, R. SANTONICO, P. R. SHEN, C. STANESCU, L. R. SUN, S. C. SUN, A. SURDO, Y. H. TAN, S. VERNETTO, C. R. WANG, H. WANG, H. Y. WANG, Y. N. WEI, H. T. YANG, Q. K. YAO, G. C. YU, X. D. YUE, A. F. YUAN, M. ZHA, H. M. ZHANG, J. L. ZHANG, N. J. ZHANG, X. Y. ZHANG, ZHAXISANGZHU, ZHAXICIREN, Q. Q. ZHU, BERNARDINI, Paolo, DE MITRI, Ivan, MANCARELLA, Giovanni, MARSELLA, GIOVANNI, MARTELLO, Daniele, PANAREO, Marco, C., Bacci, K. Z., Bao, F., Barone, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, S., Bussino, E., Calloni, B. Y., Cao, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, S., Cavaliere, F., Cesaroni, P., Creti, Danzengluobu, B., D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, DE MITRI, Ivan, M., DE VINCENZI, T., DI GIROLAMO, G., DI SCIASCIO, Z. Y., Feng, Y., Fu, X. Y., Gao, Q. X., Geng, H. W., Guo, H. H., He, M., He, Q., Huang, M., Iacovacci, N., Iucci, H. Y., Jai, C. L., Jing, F. M., Kong, H. H., Kuang, Labaciren, B., Li, J. Y., Li, Z. Q., Liu, H., Lu, X. H., Ma, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, X. R., Meng, L., Milano, J., Mu, Panareo, Marco, Z. R., Peng, P., Pistilli, L., Saggese, R., Santonico, P. R., Shen, C., Stanescu, L. R., Sun, S. C., Sun, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, S., Vernetto, C. R., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wang, Y. N., Wei, H. T., Yang, Q. K., Yao, G. C., Yu, X. D., Yue, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, Q. Q., Zhu, Baccia, The ARGO YBJ C. o. l. l. a. b. o. r. a. t. i. o. n. C., K. Z., Baob, F., Baronec, B., Bartolic, P., Bernardinid, S., Bussinoa, E., Callonic, B. Y., Caoe, R., Cardarellif, S., Catalanottic, S., Cavalierec, F., Cesaronid, P., Cretid, Danzengluobug, B., D’Ettorrepiazzolic, M., De Vincenzia, T., Di Girolamoc, G., Di Sciascioc, Z. Y., Fengh, Y., Fue, X. Y., Gaoi, Q. X., Gengi, H. W., Guog, H. H., Hej, M., Hee, Q., Huangh, M., Iacovaccic, N., Iuccia, H. Y., Jaih, C. L., Jingj, F. M., Konge, H. H., Kuangj, Labacireng, B., Lib, J. Y., Lie, Z. Q., Liui, H., Luj, X. H., Maj, G., Mancarellad, Mari, Stefano Maria, A, G., Marsellad, D., Martellod, X. R., Mengg, L., Milanoc, J., Mui, M., Panareod, Z. R., Pengj, P., Pistillia, L., Saggesec, R., Santonicof, P. R., Shenj, C., Stanescua, L. R., Sunb, S. C., Sunb, A., Surdod, Y. H., Tanj, S., Vernettok, C. R., Wange, H., Wangj, H. Y., Wangj, Y. N., Weib, H. T., Yangj, Q. K., Yaob, G. C., Yuh, X. D., Yueb, A. F., Yuang, M., Zhaj, H. M., Zhangj, J. L., Zhangj, N. J., Zhange, X. Y., Zhange, Zhaxisangzhug, Zhaxicireng, and Q. Q., Zhuj

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Resistive touchscreen, Range (particle radiation), ARGO-YBJ, Detector, Cosmic ray, STRIPS, Cosmic Ray, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Charged particle, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, Shower detectors, Cosmic Ray, Resistive Plate Counters, Composition Model, Extensive Air Showers, Energy (signal processing), Argo
Abstract

The ARGO-YBJ experiment is currently under construction at the Yangbajing Cosmic Ray Laboratory (4300 m a.s.l.).The detector consists of a central carpet, 74 × 78 m2, made of a single layer of Resistive Plate Counters (RPCs), and surrounded by a partially instrumented guard ring for a total instrumented area of about 6700 m2. The digital read-out, performed by means of pick-up electrodes 6.7 × 62 cm2 (strip), allows to measure the charged particle number of small size air showers. The technique of counting the number of fired strips on the ARGO carpet corresponds to operate in the 10÷500 TeV energy region where both direct and indirect measurements on the primary cosmic radiation have been performed. Many composition models have been proposed by different experiments. In this work we discuss the ability of the ARGO detector to discriminate among some models.

Published
2004

5. The ARGO-YBJ experiment in Tibet

Author

A. ALOISIO, C. BACCI, K. Z. BAO, F. BARONE, B. BARTOLI, P. BERNARDINI, C. BLEVE, P. BRANCHINI, S. BUSSINO, E. CALLONI, P. CAMARRI, B. Y. CAO, R. CARDARELLI, M. CASOLINO, S. CATALANOTTI, A. CAVALIERE, S. CAVALIERE, F. CESARONI, M. CHA, P. CRETI, G. CUSIMANO, G. D'ALI STAITI, DANZENGLUOBU, V. D'ELIA, B. D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, M. DE VINCENZI, T. DI GIROLAMO, G. DI SCIASCIO, Z. Y. FENG, Y. FU, X. Y. GAO, Q. X. GENG, H. W. GUO, H. H. HE, Q. HUANG, M. IACOVACCI, N. IUCCI, H. Y. JAI, F. M. KONG, H. H. KUANG, LABACIREN, B. LI, J. Y. LI, B. LIBERTI, G. LIGUORI, Z. Q. LIU, H. LU, X. H. MA, G. MANCARELLA, S. M. MARI, MARSELLA, GIOVANNI, MARTELLO, Daniele, X. R. MENG, L. MILANO, T. MINEO, J. MU, L. NICASTRO, D. ORLANDO, A. PAOLONI, Z. R. PENG, P. PISTILLI, G. RASO, B. SACCO, L. SAGGESE, R. SANTONICO, L. SCARSI, P. R. SHEN, C. STANESCU, M. STORINI, L. R. SUN, S. C. SUN, A. SURDO, Y. H. TAN, P. VALLANIA, S. VERNETTO, C. R. WANG, H. WANG, H. Y. WANG, Y. N. WEI, Q. K. YAO, G. C. YU, X. D. YUE, A. F. YUAN, H. M. ZHANG, J. L. ZHANG, N. J. ZHANG, T. J. ZHANG, X. Y. ZHANG, ZHAXISANGZHU, ZHAXICIREN, Q. Q. ZHU, DE MITRI, Ivan, PANAREO, Marco, Aloisio, A., Bacci, C., Bao, K. Z., Barone, F., Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bleve, C., Branchini, P., Bussino, S., Calloni, E., Camarri, P., Cao, B. Y., Cardarelli, R., Casolino, M., Catalanotti, S., Cavaliere, A., Cavaliere, S., Cesaroni, F., Cha, M., Creti, P., Cusimano, G., D'ALI STAITI, G., Danzengluobu, D'Elia, V., DE MITRI, Ivan, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, B., DE VINCENZI, M., DI GIROLAMO, T., DI SCIASCIO, G., Feng, Z. Y., Fu, Y., Gao, X. Y., Geng, Q. X., Guo, H. W., H. H., He, Huang, Q., Iacovacci, M., Iucci, N., Jai, H. Y., Kong, F. M., Kuang, H. H., Labaciren, Li, B., J. Y., Li, Liberti, B., Liguori, G., Liu, Z. Q., Lu, H., X. H., Ma, Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Meng, X. R., Milano, L., Mineo, T., Mu, J., Nicastro, L., Orlando, D., Panareo, Marco, Paoloni, A., Peng, Z. R., Pistilli, P., Raso, G., Sacco, B., Saggese, L., Santonico, R., Scarsi, L., Shen, P. R., Stanescu, C., Storini, M., Sun, L. R., Sun, S. C., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Wang, C. R., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wei, Y. N., Yao, Q. K., G. C., Yu, Yue, X. D., Yuan, A. F., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, T. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, and Zhu, Q. Q.

Subjects
Ground based detectors, Gamma-ray sources, Gamma-ray bursts, Cosmic rays
Published
2001

6. Circulating thrombomodulin during radiation therapy of lung cancer

Author

M, Hauer-Jensen, F M, Kong, L M, Fink, and M S, Anscher

Subjects
Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Lung Neoplasms, Thrombomodulin, Down-Regulation, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Middle Aged, Radiation Pneumonitis, Humans, Prospective Studies, Antigens, Biomarkers, Aged, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

The endothelial cell glycoprotein, thrombomodulin (TM), is an important physiological anticoagulant. TM is downregulated and released from the cell membrane into the circulation by ionizing radiation and during inflammation. The present study measured plasma TM in 17 patients before, during, and after radiation therapy of lung cancer: nine patients developed radiation pneumonitis, whereas eight matched patients did not. Plasma TM did not change significantly in patients who developed radiation pneumonitis. In contrast, patients who did not develop pneumonitis exhibited a moderate, but statistically significant, decrease in plasma TM antigen during the initial 1-2 weeks, with complete normalization towards the end of treatment. Our study suggests that decreased release of TM during the early phase of radiation therapy may be associated with reduced pulmonary toxicity. The use of plasma TM as a marker of pulmonary toxicity needs further study.

Published
1999

7. Endogenous expression of transforming growth factor beta1 inhibits growth and tumorigenicity and enhances Fas-mediated apoptosis in a murine high-grade glioma model

Author

D M, Ashley, F M, Kong, D D, Bigner, and L P, Hale

Subjects
Cytotoxicity, Immunologic, Male, Fas Ligand Protein, Membrane Glycoproteins, Brain Neoplasms, Genetic Vectors, Apoptosis, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, DNA Fragmentation, DNA, Neoplasm, Glioma, Neoplasms, Experimental, Transfection, Disease Models, Animal, Mice, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Animals, fas Receptor
Abstract

It has been hypothesized that transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) may prevent immune-mediated glioma cell elimination; however, previous work has also indicated that increased TGF-beta may lead to reduced proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and enhancement of Fas-induced apoptosis. We have investigated the role of TGF-beta in the progression of malignant glioma using an immunocompetent murine model. SMA 560 malignant glioma cells were stably transfected with constructs that resulted in over- or underproduction of active TGF-beta1. Using these cell lines, we have shown that (a) TGF-beta1 inhibits induction of antitumor cytotoxicity when the tumor cells are given s.c. but not when they are given intracranially; (b) Fas/APO-1 is expressed on SMA 560 cells in vitro and in vivo, SMA 560 cells are susceptible to TGF-beta1- and Fas-induced apoptosis in vitro, and TGF-beta1 and Fas act synergistically to induce glioma cell death; (c) increased levels of endogenous TGF-beta1 production by SMA 560 cells lead to increased sensitivity to Fas-mediated apoptosis; (d) overproduction of endogenous TGF-beta1 reduces the rate of s.c. SMA 560 tumor growth and also reduces the tumorigenicity of tumors located in the central nervous system, with opposite effects observed with underproduction of TGF-beta1 using antisense cell lines; and (e) the observed changes in growth parameters in vivo were associated with increased rates of apoptosis in TGF-beta1-overproducing cells. Taken together, these results indicate that, despite decreased induction of CTL responses, the dominant net effect of TGF-beta1 on the growth of the SMA 560 murine high-grade glioma in vivo is growth inhibition. This contrasts with results seen with non-central nervous system malignant tumors in immunocompetent animals, in which TGF-beta1 production provides a major growth advantage.

Published
1998

8. Short communication: normal tissue injury after cancer therapy is a local response exacerbated by an endocrine effect of TGF beta

Author

M S, Anscher, F M, Kong, T, Murase, and R L, Jirtle

Subjects
Radiotherapy, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Neoplasms, Humans, Antineoplastic Agents, Radiation Injuries, Fibrosis, Lung
Abstract

The sensitivity of normal tissues rather than of the tumour usually limits the effectiveness of cancer treatment. The normal tissue side effects from chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy result from both direct cellular loss and the extensive fibrosis that develops at the site of injury. Recent evidence suggests that the cytokine, transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), mediates this fibrogenic process. Herein, we provide evidence in support of the hypothesis that the fibrosis formation following therapy results not only from TGF beta produced locally in the injured normal tissue, but also from circulating TGF beta released by the tumour. Thus, therapy-induced normal tissue damage appears in part to be a local manifestation of a systemic condition.

Published
1995

9. Carbon Aerogels: An Update on Structure, Properties, and Applications

Author

J. L. Kaschmitter, S. T. Mayer, F. M. Kong, and R. W. Pekala

Subjects
Materials science, Carbonization, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, Microstructure, law.invention, Capacitor, chemistry, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, law, Electrode, Nanometre, Porous medium, Carbon
Abstract

Aerogels are unique porous materials whose composition, structure, and properties can be controlled at the nanometer scale. This paper examines the synthesis of organic aerogels and their carbonized derivatives. Carbon aerogels have low electrical resistivity, high surface area, and a tunable pore size. These materials are finding applications as electrodes in double layer capacitors.

Published
1994

10. Examinations of low-density polymer foams with a low-voltage FESEM

Author

P. L. McCarthy, S. A. Letts, C. W. Price, and F. M. Kong

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, chemistry, Low density, General Medicine, Polymer, Composite material, Low voltage
Abstract

The cell structure of low-density polymer foams is extremely delicate, and the application of conductive coatings for SEM examinations can obliterate much of the fine structural detail. In extreme cases, the structure can be significantly altered by the coating. This problem has been found to be particularly critical in low-density polymer foams. The thin membranes of polymer foams also are exceptionally susceptable to electron-beam damage. Consequently, both the improved low-voltage resolution and the low beam currents now available on an SEM equipped with a field-emission gun (FESEM) have proven to be highly beneficial for the examination of low-density polymer foams. This will be demonstrated for polystyrene foams; equally successful results have been obtained on other types of polymer foams.The simplest technique to examine the cell structure of polystyrene foams is to fracture specimens and examine the fracture surface. Since polystyrene is nonconductive, it must be coated to be examined in the conventional SEM.

Published
1987

11. Stress-Optical Microscopy Studies of the Microscopic Deformation and Failure Modes of Kevlar 49/Epoxy Composites

Author

WW Feng, KL Reifsnider, GP Sendeckyj, TT Chiao, GL Rodericks, WW Stinchcomb, PL Lien, F-M Kong, CO Pruneda, and RJ Morgan

Subjects
Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Composite number, Epoxy, Kevlar, Durability, law.invention, Stress (mechanics), Optical microscope, law, visual_art, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Fiber, Composite material, Deformation (engineering)
Abstract

The increasing use of Kevlar 49/epoxy composites in critical structural applications has led to a concern for their ability to maintain structural integrity over long periods. In order to predict their durability with confidence, we must understand their microscopic deformation and failure modes as well as the roles played by the fiber, epoxy matrix, and fiber-matrix interface in composite performance.

Published
1983

12. Performance of the RPCs for the ARGO detector operated at the YangBaJing laboratory (4300m a.s.l.)

Author

Bacci, C., Bao, K. Z., Barone, Fabrizio, Bartoli, B., Bastieri, D., Bernardini, P., Buonomo, R., Bussino, S., Calloni, E., Cao, B. Y., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Cavaliere, A., Cesaroni, F., Creti, P., Danzengluobu, D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B., De Vincenzi, M., Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, Z. Y., Fu, Y., Gao, X. Y., Geng, Q. X., Guo, H. W., H. H., He, He, M., Huang, Q., Iacovacci, M., Iucci, N., Jai, H. Y., Kong, F. M., Kuang, H. H., Labaciren, Li, B., J. Y., Li, Liu, Z. Q., Lu, H., X. H., Ma, Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mei, D. M., Meng, X. R., Milano, L., Morselli, A., Mu, J., Oliviero, M., Padovani, P., Panareo, M., Parisi, M., Pellizzoni, G., Peng, Z. R., Pistilli, P., Santonico, R., Sartori, G., Sbarra, C., Severino, G., Shen, P. R., Sparvoli, R., Stanescu, C., Su, J., Sun, L. R., Sun, S. C., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vernetto, S., Vietri, M., Wang, C. R., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wei, Y. N., Yang, H. T., Yao, Q. K., G. C., Yu, Yue, X. D., Yuan, A. F., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, T. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, Zhu, Q. Q., Bacci, C, Bao, Kz, Barone, F, Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Calloni, E, Cao, By, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cavaliere, S, Cesaroni, F, Creti, P, Danzengluobu, Piazzoli, Bd, De Vincenzi, M, Di Girolamo, T, Di Sciascio, G, Feng, Zy, Fu, Y, Gao, Xy, Geng, Qx, Guo, Hw, He, Hh, He, M, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iucci, N, Jai, Hy, Jing, Cl, Kong, Fm, Kuang, Hh, Labaciren, Li, B, Li, Jy, Liu, Zq, Lu, H, Ma, Xh, Mancarella, G, Mari, Stefano Maria, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Meng, Xr, Milano, L, Mu, J, Panareo, M, Peng, Zr, Pistilli, P, Saggese, L, Santonico, R, Shen, Pr, Stanescu, C, Sun, Lr, Sun, Sc, Surdo, A, Tan, Yh, Vernetto, S, Wang, Cr, Wang, H, Wang, Hy, Wei, Yn, Yang, Ht, Yao, Q, Yu, Gc, Yue, Xd, Yuan, Af, Zha, M, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, Jl, Zhang, Nj, Zhang, Xy, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, Zhu, Qq, C., Bacci, K. Z., Bao, F., Barone, Bartoli, Bruno, P., Bernardini, S., Bussino, Calloni, Enrico, B. Y., Cao, R., Cardarelli, Catalanotti, Sergio, S., Cavaliere, F., Cesaroni, P., Creti, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, M. D., Vincenzi, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, G. D., Sciascio, Z. Y., Feng, Y., Fu, X. Y., Gao, Q. X., Geng, H. W., Guo, H. H., He, M., He, Q., Huang, Iacovacci, Michele, N., Iucci, H. Y., Jai, C. L., Jing, F. M., Kong, H. H., Kuang, B., Li, J. Y., Li, Z. Q., Liu, H., Lu, X. H., Ma, G., Mancarella, S. M., Mari, G., Marsella, D., Martello, X. R., Meng, L., Milano, J., Mu, M., Panareo, Z. R., Peng, P., Pistilli, L., Saggese, R., Santonico, P. R., Shen, C., Stanescu, L. R., Sun, S. C., Sun, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, S., Vernetto, C. R., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wang, Y. N., Wei, H. T., Yang, Q., Yao, G. C., Yu, X. D., Yue, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Q. Q., Zhu, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, E., Calloni, S., Catalanotti, B., D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, M., DE VINCENZI, T., DI GIROLAMO, G., DI SCIASCIO, M., Iacovacci, Mancarella, Giovanni, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Panareo, Marco, and Q. K., Yao

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Gamma-ray Astronomy, Extensive air showers, RPCs, Gamma-ray astronomy, Detector, Astronomy, Extensive Air Shower, Time resolution, ARGO-YBJ experiment, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Operating temperature, Bakelite, Instrumentation, Argo, Counting rate, Remote sensing
Abstract

Bakelite RPCs, assembled according to the ARGO design, have been operated in the high altitude Laboratory of YBJ using dedicated electronics to pick-up the streamer signal. Here we report on the results concerning absorbed current, single counting rate, efficiency and time resolution. Environmental data concerning the operating temperature inside the ARGO experimental hall are also reported. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2003

13. Results from the ARGO-YBJ test experiment ARGO-YBJ collaboration

Author

Bacci C, Bao KZ, Barone F, Bartoli B, Bernardini P, BUSSINO, Severino Angelo Maria, Calloni E, Cao BY, Cardarelli R, Catalanotti S, Cavaliere S, Cesaroni F, Creti P, Danzengluobu, Piazzoli BD, De Vincenzi M, Di Girolamo T, Di Sciascio G, Feng ZY, Fu Y, Gao XY, Geng QX, Guo HW, He HH, He M, Huang Q, Iacovacci M, Iucci N, Jai HY, Jing CL, Kong FM, Kuang HH, Labaciren, Li B, Li JY, Liu ZQ, Lu H, Ma XH, Mancarella G, MARI, Stefano Maria, Marsella G, Martello D, Meng XR, Milano L, Mu J, Panareo M, Peng ZR, Pistilli P, Santonico R, Shen PR, Stanescu C, Sun LR, Sun SC, Surdo A, Tan YH, Vernetto S, Wang CR, Wang H, Wang HY, Wei YN, Yang HT, Yao QK, Yu GC, Yue XD, Yuan AF, Zha M, Zhang HM, Zhang JL, Zhang NJ, Zhang XY, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, Zhu QQ, C., Bacci, K. Z., Bao, F., Barone, Bartoli, Bruno, P., Bernardini, S., Bussino, Calloni, Enrico, B. Y., Cao, R., Cardarelli, Catalanotti, Sergio, S., Cavaliere, F., Cesaroni, P., Creti, Danzengluobu, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, M. D., Vincenzi, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, G. D., Sciascio, Z. Y., Feng, Y., Fu, X. Y., Gao, Q. X., Geng, H. W., Guo, H. H., He, M., He, Q., Huang, Iacovacci, Michele, N., Iucci, H. Y., Jai, C. L., Jing, F. M., Kong, H. H., Kuang, Labaciren, B., Li, J. Y., Li, Z. Q., Liu, H., Lu, X. H., Ma, G., Mancarella, S. M., Mari, G., Marsella, D., Martello, X. R., Meng, L., Milano, J., Mu, M., Panareo, Z. R., Peng, P., Pistilli, R., Santonico, P. R., Shen, C., Stanescu, L. R., Sun, S. C., Sun, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, S., Vernetto, C. R., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wang, Y. N., Wei, H. T., Yang, Q. K., Yao, G. C., Yu, X. D., Yue, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, Q. Q., Zhu, Bacci, C, Bao, Kz, Barone, F, Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Calloni, E, Cao, By, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cavaliere, S, Cesaroni, F, Creti, P, Piazzoli, Bd, De Vincenzi, M, Di Girolamo, T, Di Sciascio, G, Feng, Zy, Fu, Y, Gao, Xy, Geng, Qx, Guo, Hw, He, Hh, He, M, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iucci, N, Jai, Hy, Jing, Cl, Kong, Fm, Kuang, Hh, Li, B, Li, Jy, Liu, Zq, Lu, H, Ma, Xh, Mancarella, G, Mari, Stefano Maria, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Meng, Xr, Milano, L, Mu, J, Panareo, M, Peng, Zr, Pistilli, P, Santonico, R, Shen, Pr, Stanescu, C, Sun, Lr, Sun, Sc, Surdo, A, Tan, Yh, Vernetto, S, Wang, Cr, Wang, H, Wang, Hy, Wei, Yn, Yang, Ht, Yao, Qk, Yu, Gc, Yue, Xd, Yuan, Af, Zha, M, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, Jl, Zhang, Nj, Zhang, Xy, and Zhu, Qq

Subjects
AIR SHOWERS, RPCS
Abstract

A resistive plate counters (RPCs) carpet of similar to50 m(2) has been put in operation in the Yangbajing Laboratory (Tibet, P.R. China) at 4300 in a.s.l., in order to study the RPCs performance at high altitude and the detector capability of imaging the EAS disc. This test has been performed in view of an enlarged use of RPCs for the ARGO-YBJ experiment. This experiment will be devoted to a wide range of fundamental issues in cosmic rays and astroparticle physics, including in particular gamma-ray astronomy and gamma-ray bursts physics at energies greater than or equal to 100 GeV. In this paper we present and discuss the procedures adopted to calibrate the detector and reconstruct the shower direction. Results concerning many shower features as the angular distribution, the density spectrum, the time profile of the shower front, are found well consistent with the expectation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2002

14. Study on the performance of YBJ 50m(2) RPC carpet

Author

He HH, Bacci C, Bao KZ, Barone F, Bartoli B, Bernardini P, BUSSINO, Severino Angelo Maria, Calloni E, Cardarelli R, Catalanotti S, Cavaliere S, Cesaroni F, Cha M, Creti P, Danzengluobu, Piazzoli BD, de Vincenzi M, di Girolamo T, di Sciascio G, Feng ZY, Fu Y, Gao XY, Geng QX, Guo HW, He M, Huang Q, Iacovacci M, Iucci N, Jia HY, Jing CL, Kong FM, Kuang HH, Labaciren, Li JY, Liu CQ, Lu H, Ma XH, Mancarella G, Marsella G, Martello D, Meng XR, Milano L, Mu J, Peng ZR, Pistilli P, Qu RF, Santonico R, Sbarra C, Shen PR, Stanescu C, Sun LR, Sun SC, Surdo A, Tan YH, Vernetto S, Wang CR, Wang H, Wang HY, Wei YN, Yang HT, Yao QK, Yu GC, Yue XD, Yuan AF, Zhang HM, Zhang JL, Zhang NJ, Zhang XY, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, Zhu QQ, MARI, Stefano Maria, H. H., He, C., Bacci, K. Z., Bao, F., Barone, B., Bartoli, P., Bernardini, S., Bussino, E., Calloni, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, S., Cavaliere, F., Cesaroni, M., Cha, P., Creti, Danzengluobu, B. D., Piazzoli, M. d., Vincenzi, T. d., Girolamo, G. d., Sciascio, Z. Y., Feng, Y., Fu, X. Y., Gao, Q. X., Geng, H. W., Guo, M., He, Q., Huang, M., Iacovacci, N., Iucci, H. Y., Jia, C. L., Jing, F. M., Kong, H. H., Kuang, Labaciren, J. Y., Li, C. Q., Liu, H., Lu, X. H., Ma, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, X. R., Meng, L., Milano, J., Mu, Z. R., Peng, P., Pistilli, R. F., Qu, R., Santonico, C., Sbarra, P. R., Shen, C., Stanescu, L. R., Sun, S. C., Sun, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, S., Vernetto, C. R., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wang, Y. N., Wei, H. T., Yang, Q. K., Yao, G. C., Yu, X. D., Yue, A. F., Yuan, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, Q. Q., Zhu, Bartoli, Bruno, Calloni, Enrico, Catalanotti, Sergio, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, Iacovacci, Michele, G., Mancarella, G., Marsella, D., Martello, He, Hh, Bacci, C, Bao, Kz, Barone, F, Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Calloni, E, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cavaliere, S, Cesaroni, F, Cha, M, Creti, P, Piazzoli, Bd, de Vincenzi, M, di Girolamo, T, di Sciascio, G, Feng, Zy, Fu, Y, Gao, Xy, Geng, Qx, Guo, Hw, He, M, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iucci, N, Jia, Hy, Jing, Cl, Kong, Fm, Kuang, Hh, Li, Jy, Liu, Cq, Lu, H, Ma, Xh, Mancarella, G, Mari, Stefano Maria, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Meng, Xr, Milano, L, Mu, J, Peng, Zr, Pistilli, P, Qu, Rf, Santonico, R, Sbarra, C, Shen, Pr, Stanescu, C, Sun, Lr, Sun, Sc, Surdo, A, Tan, Yh, Vernetto, S, Wang, Cr, Wang, H, Wang, Hy, Wei, Yn, Yang, Ht, Yao, Qk, Yu, Gc, Yue, Xd, Yuan, Af, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, Jl, Zhang, Nj, Zhang, Xy, Zhu, Qq, Bussino, S, DE VINCENZI, M, DI GIROLAMO, T, DI SCIASCIO, G, and Mari, Sm

Abstract

The characteristics of a 50m(2) RPC carpet(prototype of YBJ-ARGO experiment)was analyzed using its test run data. A correction method of the systematic time error is suggested, and nonuniform azimuthal angle distribution possibly due to direction reconstruction error on an asymmetric carpet is reported.

Published
2001

15. Results from the analysis of data collected with a 50m(2) RPC carpet at YangBaJing

Author

THE ARGO YBJ COLLABORATION, G. AIELLI, R. ASSIRO, C. BACCI, B. BARTOLI, P. BERNARDINI, X. J. BI, B. BIONDO, C. BLEVE, S. BRICOLA, F. BUDANO, BUSSINO, Severino Angelo Maria, A. K. CALABRESE MELCARNE, P. CAMARRI, D. CAMPANA, Z. CAO, R. CARDARELLI, S. CATALANOTTI, S. CAVALIERE, P. CELIO, N. CHENG, P. CRETI, G. CUSUMANO, B. Z. DAI, G. DALI STAITI, DANZENGLUOBU, B. DAQUINO, E. DE MARINIS, I. DE MITRI, B. DETTORRE PIAZZOLI, M. DE VINCENZI, T. DI GIROLAMO, X. H. DING, G. DI SCIASCIO, C. F. FENG, ZHAOYANG FENG, ZHENYONG FENG, K. FRATINI, X. F. GAO, Q. B. GOU, H. H. HE, M. HE, HAIBING HU, HONGBO HU, Q. HUANG, M. IACOVACCI, I. JAMES, H. Y. JIA, LABACIREN, H. J. LI, J. Y. LI, B. LIBERTI, G. LIGUORI, C. Q. LIU, J. LIU, H. LU, G. MANCARELLA, A. MANGANO, G. MARSELLA, D. MARTELLO, S. MASTROIANNI, X. R. MENG, J. MU, L. NICASTRO, C. C. NING, M. PANAREO, L. PERRONE, C. PINO, C. PINTO, P. PISTILLI, E. ROSSI, L. SAGGESE, P. SALVINI, R. SANTONICO, P. R. SHEN, X. D. SHENG, F. SHI, C. STANESCU, A. SURDO, Y. H. TAN, P. VALLANIA, S. VERNETTO, H. WANG, YONGGANG WANG, YUNGANG WANG, C. Y. WU, H. R. WU, L. XUE, H. T. YANG, Q. Y. YANG, X. C. YANG, G. C. YU, A. F. YUAN, M. ZHA, H. M. ZHANG, J. L. ZHANG, L. ZHANG, N. J. ZHANG, P. ZHANG, X. Y. ZHANG, Y. ZHANG, ZHAXISANGZHU, X. X. ZHOL, F. R. ZHU, Q. Q. ZHU, MARI, Stefano Maria, Bacci, C., Bao, K. Z., Barone, F., Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bussino, S., Calloni, E., Cao, B. Y., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Cavaliere, A., Cavaliere, S., Cesaroni, F., Creti, P., Danzengluobu, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, B., DE VINCENZI, M., DI GIROLAMO, T., DI SCIASCIO, G., Feng, Z. Y., Fu, Y., Gao, X. Y., Geng, Q. X., Guo, H. W., H. H., He, He, M., Huang, Q., Iacovacci, M., Iucci, N., Jai, H. Y., Kong, F. M., Kuang, H. H., Labaciren, Li, B., J. Y., Li, Liu, Z. Q., Lu, H., X. H., Ma, Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Mei, D. M., Meng, X. R., Milano, L., Mu, J., Panareo, Marco, Pellizzoni, G., Peng, Z. R., Pinto, C., Pistilli, P., Reali, E., Santonico, R., Sbarra, C., Shen, P. R., Stanescu, C., Su, J., Sun, L. R., Sun, S. C., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vernetto, S., Wang, C. R., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wei, Y. N., Yang, H. T., Yao, Q. K., G. C., Yu, Yue, X. D., Yuan, A. F., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, T. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, Zhu, Q. Q., C., Bacci, K. Z., Bao, F., Barone, Bartoli, Bruno, P., Bernardini, S., Bussino, Calloni, Enrico, B. Y., Cao, R., Cardarelli, Catalanotti, Sergio, A., Cavaliere, S., Cavaliere, F., Cesaroni, P., Creti, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, M. D., Vincenzi, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, G. D., Sciascio, Z. Y., Feng, Y., Fu, X. Y., Gao, Q. X., Geng, H. W., Guo, M., He, Q., Huang, Iacovacci, Michele, N., Iucci, H. Y., Jai, F. M., Kong, H. H., Kuang, B., Li, Z. Q., Liu, H., Lu, G., Mancarella, S. M., Mari, G., Marsella, D., Martello, D. M., Mei, X. R., Meng, L., Milano, J., Mu, M., Panareo, C., Pellizzoni, Z. R., Peng, C., Pinto, P., Pistilli, E., Reali, R., Santonico, C., Sbarra, P. R., Shen, C., Stanescu, J., Su, L. R., Sun, S. C., Sun, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, S., Vernetto, C. R., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wang, Y. N., Wei, H. T., Yang, Q. K., Yao, X. D., Yue, A. F., Yuan, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, T. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Q. Q., Zhu, Piazzoli, B. D., Vincenzi, M. D., Girolamo, T. D., Sciascio, G. D., Mancarella, Giovanni, Pellizzoni, C., THE ARGO YBJ, Collaboration, G., Aielli, R., Assiro, B., Bartoli, X. J., Bi, B., Biondo, C., Bleve, S., Bricola, F., Budano, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, A. K., CALABRESE MELCARNE, P., Camarri, D., Campana, Z., Cao, S., Catalanotti, P., Celio, N., Cheng, G., Cusumano, B. Z., Dai, G., DALI STAITI, B., Daquino, E., DE MARINIS, I., DE MITRI, B., DETTORRE PIAZZOLI, M., DE VINCENZI, T., DI GIROLAMO, X. H., Ding, G., DI SCIASCIO, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, K., Fratini, X. F., Gao, Q. B., Gou, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, M., Iacovacci, I., Jame, H. Y., Jia, H. J., Li, B., Liberti, G., Liguori, C. Q., Liu, J., Liu, A., Mangano, Mari, Stefano Maria, S., Mastroianni, L., Nicastro, C. C., Ning, L., Perrone, C., Pino, E., Rossi, L., Saggese, P., Salvini, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, P., Vallania, Yonggang, Wang, Yungang, Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, L., Xue, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, M., Zha, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X., Zhol, F. R., Zhu, Bacci, C, Bao, Kz, Barone, F, Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Calloni, E, Cao, By, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cavaliere, A, Cavaliere, S, Cesaroni, F, Creti, P, Piazzoli, Bd, De Vincenzi, M, Di Girolamo, T, Di Sciascio, G, Feng, Zy, Fu, Y, Gao, Xy, Geng, Qx, Guo, Hw, He, Hh, He, M, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iucci, N, Jai, Hy, Kong, Fm, Kuang, Hh, Li, B, Li, Jy, Liu, Zq, Lu, H, Ma, Xh, Mancarella, G, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Mei, Dm, Meng, Xr, Milano, L, Mu, J, Panareo, M, Pellizzoni, C, Peng, Zr, Pinto, C, Pistilli, P, Reali, E, Santonico, R, Sbarra, C, Shen, Pr, Stanescu, C, Su, J, Sun, Lr, Sun, Sc, Surdo, A, Tan, Yh, Vernetto, S, Wang, Cr, Wang, H, Wang, Hy, Wei, Yn, Yang, Ht, Yao, Qk, Yu, Gc, Yue, Xd, Yuan, Af, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, Jl, Zhang, Nj, Zhang, Tj, Zhang, Xy, and Zhu, Qq

Subjects
Physics, gamma ray detector, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Shower, Air shower, Altitude, Meteorology, Data analysis, Gamma Ray Bursts, Effects of high altitude on humans, Instrumentation
Abstract

An RPC carpet covering similar to 10(4) m(2) (ARGO-YBJ experiment) will be installed in the YangBaJing Laboratory (Tibet, People's Republic of China) at an altitude of 4300 m a.s.l. A test-module of similar to 50 m(2) has been put in operation in this laboratory and about 10(6) air shower events have been collected. The RPC performance at high altitude and the carpet capability of reconstructing the shower features are presented. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2000

16. The ARGO-YBJ detector and high energy GRBs

Author

J. Mu, H.H. He, A. Cavaliere, R. Santonico, J. Su, Q. X. Geng, M. Vietri, A. Surdo, H.H. Kuang, S. M. Mari, N. Iucci, Jy Li, K.Z. Bao, M. Parisi, F Cesaroni, T. Di Girolamo, Paolo Padovani, G. Marsella, Cristian Stanescu, H.T. Yang, D. Martello, B. Bartoli, Z.Q. Liu, L.R. Sun, S.C. Sun, G.C. Yu, H.Y. Jai, Y.N. Wei, Paolo Bernardini, B.Y. Cao, S. Vernetto, L. Milano, P. Pistilli, H. M. Zhang, M. Oliviero, X.D. Yue, Denis Bastieri, M. Iacovacci, Roberta Sparvoli, Labaciren, N.J. Zhang, Hong-peng Lu, G. Mancarella, Enrico Calloni, M. Panareo, Zhaxiciren, Severino Angelo Maria Bussino, M. He, Q. Huang, P. Creti, A Morselli, C Sbarra, T.J. Zhang, P. R. Shen, C.R. Wang, X. Y. Gao, Q. Q. Zhu, X. R. Meng, G. Pellizzoni, Q.K. Yao, F.M. Kong, Dongming Mei, Danzengluobu, G. Sartori, Z.Y. Feng, BD Piazzoli, Roberto Cardarelli, Huaguang Wang, Fabrizio Barone, Y. H. Tan, J.L. Zhang, X. Y. Zhang, G. Severino, A. F. Yuan, Zhaxisangzhu, Z.R. Peng, H.Y. Wang, B. Li, Xh Ma, C. Bacci, Y Fu, G. Di Sciascio, M. De Vincenzi, S. Catalanotti, Hw Guo, R. Buonomo, C., Bacci, K. Z., Bao, F., Barone, Bartoli, Bruno, D., Bastieri, P., Bernardini, R., Buonomo, S., Bussino, Calloni, Enrico, B. Y., Cao, R., Cardarelli, Catalanotti, Sergio, A., Cavaliere, F., Cesaroni, P., Creti, Danzengluobu, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, M., De Vincenzi, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, G., Di Sciascio, Z. Y., Feng, Y., Fu, X. Y., Gao, Q. X., Geng, H. W., Guo, H. H., He, M., He, Q., Huang, Iacovacci, Michele, N., Iucci, H. Y., Jai, F. M., Kong, H. H., Kuang, Labaciren, B., Li, J. Y., Li, Z. Q., Liu, H., Lu, X. H., Ma, G., Mancarella, S. M., Mari, G., Marsella, D., Martello, D. M., Mei, X. R., Meng, Milano, Leopoldo, A., Morselli, J., Mu, M., Oliviero, P., Padovani, M., Panareo, M., Parisi, G., Pellizzoni, Z. R., Peng, P., Pistilli, R., Santonico, G., Sartori, C., Sbarra, G., Severino, P. R., Shen, R., Sparvoli, C., Stanescu, J., Su, L. R., Sun, S. C., Sun, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, S., Vernetto, M., Vietri, C. R., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wang, Y. N., Wei, H. T., Yang, Q. K., Yao, G. C., Yu, X. D., Yue, A. F., Yuan, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, T. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, Q. Q., Zhu, B., Bartoli, E., Calloni, S., Catalanotti, B. D., Piazzoli, M. D., Vincenzi, T. D., Girolamo, G. D., Sciascio, M., Iacovacci, Mancarella, Giovanni, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, L., Milano, Panareo, Marco, Bacci, C., Bao, K. Z., Barone, F., Bartoli, B., Bastieri, D., Bernardini, P., Buonomo, R., Bussino, S., Calloni, E., Cao, B. Y., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Cavaliere, A., Cesaroni, F., Creti, P., D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, B., DE VINCENZI, M., DI GIROLAMO, T., DI SCIASCIO, G., Feng, Z. Y., Fu, Y., Gao, X. Y., Geng, Q. X., Guo, H. W., He, M., Huang, Q., Iacovacci, M., Iucci, N., Jai, H. Y., Kong, F. M., Kuang, H. H., Li, B., Liu, Z. Q., Lu, H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Mei, D. M., Meng, X. R., Milano, L., Morselli, A., Mu, J., Oliviero, M., Padovani, P., Parisi, M., Pellizzoni, G., Peng, Z. R., Pistilli, P., Santonico, R., Sartori, G., Sbarra, C., Severino, G., Shen, P. R., Sparvoli, R., Stanescu, C., Su, J., Sun, L. R., Sun, S. C., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vernetto, S., Vietri, M., Wang, C. R., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wei, Y. N., Yang, H. T., Yao, Q. K., Yue, X. D., Yuan, A. F., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, T. J., Zhang, X. Y., and Zhu, Q. Q.

Subjects
Astroparticle physics, Physics, Range (particle radiation), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Physics and Astronomy, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Radiation, gamma-ray: bursts, gamma-ray detector, Gamma Ray Burst, Observatory, Gamma-ray burst, Argo
Abstract

ARGO-YBJ (Astrophysical Radiation with Ground-based Observatory at YangBaJing) is a detector optimized to study small size air showers. It consists of a layer of Resistive Plate Counters (RPCs) covering an area of similar to 6500 m(2) and will be located in the Yangbajing Laboratory (Tibet, China) at 4300 m a.s.l. ARGO-YBJ will be devoted to a wide range of fundamental issues in cosmic rays and astroparticle physics, including in particular gamma-ray astronomy and gamma-ray bursts physics in the range 10 GeV divided by 500 TeV. The sensitivity of ARGO-YBJ to detect high energy GRBs is presented.

Published
1999

17. The use of RPC in the ARGO-YBJ project

Author

C. Bacci, K.Z. Bao, F. Barone, B. Bartoli, D. Bastieri, P. Bernardini, S. Bussino, E. Calloni, B.Y. Cao, R. Cardarelli, S. Catalanotti, A. Cavaliere, F. Cesaroni, P. Creti, null Danzengluobu, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, M. De Vincenzi, T. Di Girolamo, G. Di Sciascio, Z.Y. Feng, Y. Fu, X.Y. Gao, Q.X. Geng, H.W. Guo, Q. Huang, H.H. He, M. He, M. Iacovacci, N. Iucci, H.Y. Jai, F.M. Kong, H.H. Kuang, null Labaciren, B. Li, J.Y. Li, Z.Q. Liu, H. Lu, X.H. Ma, C. Marmolino, G. Mancarella, S.M. Mari, D. Martello, G. Marsella, D.M. Mei, X.R. Meng, A. Morselli, L. Milano, J. Mu, M. Oliviero, P. Padovani, M. Panareo, M. Parisi, Z.R. Peng, P. Pistilli, R. Santonico, G. Sartori, C. Sbarra, G. Severino, R. Sparvoli, C. Stanescu, M. Storini, P.R. Shen, L.R. Sun, S.C. Sun, J. Su, A. Surdo, Y.H. Tan, S. Vernetto, M. Vietri, C.R. Wang, F. Wang, H.Y. Wang, Y.N. Wei, H.T. Yang, W.K. Yao, G.C. Yu, A.F. Yuan, X.D. Yue, H.M. Zhang, J.L. Zhang, N.J. Zhang, T.J. Zhang, X.Y. Zhang, null Zhaxiciren, null Zhaxisangzhu, Q.Q. Zhu, Bacci, C, Bao, Kz, Barone, F, Bartoli, B, Bastieri, D, Bernardini, P, Bussino, S, Calloni, E, Cao, By, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cavaliere, A, Cesaroni, F, Creti, P, Danzengluobu, Piazzoli, Bd, DE VINCENZI, M, DI GIROLAMO, T, DI SCIASCIO, G, Feng, Zy, Fu, Y, Gao, Xy, Geng, Qx, Guo, Hw, Huang, Q, He, Hh, He, M, Iacovacci, M, Iucci, N, Jai, Hy, Kong, Fm, Kuang, Hh, Labaciren, Li, B, Li, Jy, Liu, Zq, Lu, H, Ma, Xh, Marmolino, C, Mancarella, G, Mari, Sm, Martello, Daniele, Marsella, Giovanni, Mei, Dm, Meng, Xr, Morselli, A, Milano, L, Mu, J, Oliviero, M, Padovani, P, Panareo, Marco, Parisi, M, Peng, Zr, Pistilli, P, Santonico, R, Sartori, G, Sbarra, C, Severino, G, Sparvoli, R, Stanescu, C, Storini, M, Shen, Pr, Sun, Lr, Sun, Sc, Su, J, Surdo, A, Tan, Yh, Vernetto, S, Vietri, M, Wang, Cr, Wang, F, Wang, Hy, Wei, Yn, Yang, Ht, Yao, Qk, Yu, Gc, Yuan, Af, Yue, Xd, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, Jl, Zhang, Nj, Zhang, Tj, Zhang, Xy, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhu, Qq, C., Bacci1, K. Z., Bao2, F., Barone3, B., Bartoli3, D., Bastieri4, P., Bernardini5, R., Buonomo3, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, E., Calloni3, B. Y., Cao6, R., Cardarelli7, S., Catalanotti3, A., Cavaliere7, F., Cesaroni5, P., Creti5, Danzengluobu8, B., D'Ettorre Piazzoli3, M., De Vincenzi1, T., Di Girolamo3, G., Di Sciascio3, Z. Y., Feng9, Y., Fu6, X. Y., Gao10, Q. X., Geng10, H. W., Guo8, H. H., He11, M., He6, Q., Huang9, M., Iacovacci3, N., Iucci1, H. Y., Jai9, F. M., Kong6, H. H., Kuang11, Labaciren8, B., Li2, J. Y., Li6, Z. Q., Liu10, H., Lu11, X. H., Ma11, G., Mancarella5, Mari, Stefano Maria, G., Marsella5, D., Martello5, D. M., Mei8, X. R., Meng8, L., Milano3, A., Morselli7, J., Mu10, M., Oliviero13, P., Padovani7, M., Panareo5, M., Parisi1, G., Pellizzoni1, Z. R., Peng11, P., Pistilli1, R., Santonico7, G., Sartori4, C., Sbarra4, G., Severino13, P. R., Shen11, R., Sparvoli7, C., Stanescu1, J., Su11, L. R., Sun2, S. C., Sun2, A., Surdo5, Y. H., Tan11, S., Vernetto14, M., Vietri1, C. R., Wang6, H., Wang11, H. Y., Wang11, Y. N., Wei2, H. T., Yang12, Q. K., Yao2, G. C., Yu9, X. D., Yue2, A. F., Yuan8, H. M., Zhang11, J. L., Zhang11, N. J., Zhang6, T. J., Zhang10, X. Y., Zhang6, Zhaxisangzhu8, Zhaxiciren8, Q. Q., Zhu11, C., Bacci, K. Z., Bao, F., Barone, Bartoli, Bruno, D., Bastieri, P., Bernardini, S., Bussino, Calloni, Enrico, B. Y., Cao, R., Cardarelli, Catalanotti, Sergio, A., Cavaliere, F., Cesaroni, P., Creti, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, M. D., Vincenzi, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, G. D., Sciascio, Z. Y., Feng, Y., Fu, X. Y., Gao, Q. X., Geng, H. W., Guo, Q., Huang, H. H., He, M., He, Iacovacci, Michele, N., Iucci, H. Y., Jai, F. M., Kong, H. H., Kuang, B., Li, J. Y., Li, Z. Q., Liu, H., Lu, X. H., Ma, C., Marmolino, G., Mancarella, S. M., Mari, D., Martello, G., Marsella, D. M., Mei, X. R., Meng, A., Morselli, L., Milano, J., Mu, M., Oliviero, P., Padovani, M., Panareo, M., Parisi, Z. R., Peng, P., Pistilli, R., Santonico, G., Sartori, C., Sbarra, G., Severino, R., Sparvoli, C., Stanescu, M., Storini, P. R., Shen, L. R., Sun, S. C., Sun, J., Su, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, S., Vernetto, M., Vietri, C. R., Wang, F., Wang, H. Y., Wang, Y. N., Wei, H. T., Yang, Q. K., Yao, G. C., Yu, A. F., Yuan, X. D., Yue, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, T. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Q. Q., Zhu, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, E., Calloni, S., Catalanotti, B., D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, M., DE VINCENZI, T., DI GIROLAMO, G., DI SCIASCIO, M., Iacovacci, and Mancarella, Giovanni

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Computer science, Detector, Real-time computing, Full coverage, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Argo
Abstract

We present the ARGO-YBJ experiment, a full coverage detector placed at high altitude (similar to 4300 m a.s.l.) that exploits the RPC technique. Results of a test experiment performed at Yanbajing site, with a full coverage RPC carpet of 50 m(2) are also presented.

18. Results from the ARGO-YBJ test experiment

Author

B.Y. Cao, X.D. Yue, S. Catalanotti, M. Panareo, J. Mu, Y Fu, M. Iacovacci, A. F. Yuan, R. Santonico, P. Creti, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, Q. Q. Zhu, G. Di Sciascio, J. Y. Li, H.Y. Jai, H. H. He, H.T. Yang, Labaciren, Severino Angelo Maria Bussino, J. Su, M. De Vincenzi, F.M. Kong, M. He, B. Bartoli, Dongming Mei, Zhaxiciren, C. Bacci, T. Di Girolamo, G.C. Yu, Cristian Stanescu, A. Cavaliere, T.J. Zhang, Z.Y. Feng, Y.N. Wei, Hong-peng Lu, Q.K. Yao, F. Wang, S. Vernetto, Q. X. Geng, X. Y. Gao, Danzengluobu, Bing Li, Giovanni Mancarella, P. Pistilli, H. M. Zhang, H.H. Kuang, S. M. Mari, K.Z. Bao, Sergio Cavaliere, X. Y. Zhang, Fabrizio Barone, A. Morselli, N.J. Zhang, G. Marsella, P. R. Shen, H.Y. Wang, A. Surdo, H.W. Guo, S.C. Sun, Q. Huang, C.R. Wang, Roberto Cardarelli, Enrico Calloni, X. R. Meng, X. H. Ma, N. Iucci, Y. H. Tan, J.L. Zhang, D. Martello, Z.Q. Liu, F Cesaroni, P. Bernardini, Zhaxisangzhu, L. Milano, Z.R. Peng, L.R. Sun, C., Bacci, K. Z., Bao, F., Barone, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, S., Bussino, E., Calloni, B. Y., Cao, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, A., Cavaliere, S., Cavaliere, F., Cesaroni, P., Creti, Danzengluobu, B., D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, M., DE VINCENZI, T., DI GIROLAMO, G., DI SCIASCIO, Z. Y., Feng, Y., Fu, X. Y., Gao, Q. X., Geng, H. W., Guo, H. H., He, M., He, Q., Huang, M., Iacovacci, N., Iucci, H. Y., Jai, F. M., Kong, H. H., Kuang, Labaciren, B., Li, J. Y., Li, Z. Q., Liu, H., Lu, X. H., Ma, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, D. M., Mei, X. R., Meng, L., Milano, A., Morselli, J., Mu, Panareo, Marco, Z. R., Peng, P., Pistilli, R., Santonico, P. R., Shen, C., Stanescu, J., Su, L. R., Sun, S. C., Sun, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, S., Vernetto, C. R., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wang, Y. N., Wei, H. T., Yang, Q. K., Yao, G. C., Yu, X. D., Yue, A. F., Yuan, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, T. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, Q. Q., Zhu, Bacci, C, Bao, Kz, Barone, F, Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Bussino, S, Calloni, E, Cao, By, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cavaliere, A, Cavaliere, S, Cesaroni, F, Creti, P, Piazzoli, Bd, DE VINCENZI, M, DI GIROLAMO, T, DI SCIASCIO, G, Feng, Zy, Fu, Y, Gao, Xy, Geng, Qx, Guo, Hw, He, Hh, He, M, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iucci, N, Jai, Hy, Kong, Fm, Kuang, Hh, Li, B, Li, Jy, Liu, Zq, Lu, H, Ma, Xh, Mancarella, G, Mari, Sm, Mei, Dm, Meng, Xr, Milano, L, Morselli, A, Mu, J, Peng, Zr, Pistilli, P, Santonico, R, Shen, Pr, Stanescu, C, Su, J, Sun, Lr, Sun, Sc, Surdo, A, Tan, Yh, Vernetto, S, Wang, Cr, Wang, F, Wang, Hy, Wei, Yn, Yang, Ht, Yao, Qk, Yu, Gc, Yue, Xd, Yuan, Af, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, Jl, Zhang, Nj, Zhang, Tj, Zhang, Xy, Zhu, Qq, Bartoli, Bruno, P., Bernardini, Calloni, Enrico, Catalanotti, Sergio, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, M. D., Vincenzi, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, G. D., Sciascio, Iacovacci, Michele, G., Mancarella, G., Marsella, D., Martello, M., Panareo, and F., Wang

Subjects
gamma-ray detectors, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Engineering, Shower, Air shower, Altitude, Meteorology, business.industry, business, Gamma rays: burst, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Argo
Abstract

An RPC carpet covering similar to 10(4) m(2) (ARGO-YBJ experiment) will be installed in the YangBaJing Laboratory (Tibet, P.R. China) at an altitude of 4300 m a.s.l.. A test-module of similar to 50 m(2) has been put in operation in this laboratory and about 10(6) air shower events have been collected. The carpet capability of reconstructing the shower features is presented.

19. The ARGO-YBJ experiment in Tibet

Author

Aloisio, A., Bacci, C., Bao, K. Z., Barone, F., Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bleve, C., Branchini, P., Bussino, S., Calloni, E., Camarri, P., Cao, B. Y., Cardarelli, R., Casolino, M., Catalanotti, S., Cavaliere, A., Cavaliere, S., Cesaroni, F., Cha, M., Creti, P., Cusumano, G., D Ali Staiti, G., Danzengluobu, D Elia, V., Mitri, I., D Ettorre-Piazzoli, B., Vincenzi, M., Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, Z. Y., Fu, Y., Gao, X. Y., Geng, Q. X., Guo, H. W., He, H. H., Huang, Q., Iacovacci, M., Iucci, N., Jai, H. Y., Kong, F. M., Kuang, H. H., Labaciren, Li, B., Li, J. Y., Liberti, B., Liguori, G., Liu, Z. Q., Lu, H., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Meng, X. R., Milano, L., Mineo, T., Mu, J., Nicastro, L., Orlando, D., Panareo, M., Paolo Camarri, Peng, Z. R., Pistilli, P., Raso, G., Sacco, B., Saggese, L., Santonico, R., Scarsi, L., Shen, P. R., Stanescu, C., Storini, M., Sun, L. R., Sun, S. C., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Wang, C. R., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wei, Y. N., Yao, Q. K., Yu, G. C., Yue, X. D., Yuan, A. F., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, T. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, Zhu, Q. Q., Aloisio, A, Bacci, C, Bao, Kz, Barone, F, Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Bleve, C, Branchini, P, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Calloni, E, Camarri, P, Cao, By, Cardarelli, R, Casolino, M, Catalanotti, S, Cavaliere, A, Cavaliere, S, Cesaroni, F, Cha, M, Creti, P, Cusimano, G, Staiti, Gd, Danzengluobu, D'Elia, V, De Mitri, I, D'Ettorre, B, Piazzoli, Bd, De Vincenzi, M, Di Girolamo, T, Di Sciascio, G, Feng, Zy, Fu, Y, Gao, Xy, Geng, Qx, Guo, Hw, He, Hh, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iucci, N, Jai, Hy, Kong, Fm, Kuang, Hh, Labaciren, Li, B, Li, Jy, Liberti, B, Liguori, G, Liu, Zq, Lu, H, Ma, Xh, Mancarella, G, Mari, Stefano Maria, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Meng, Xr, Milano, L, Mineo, T, Mu, J, Nicastro, L, Orlando, D, Panareo, M, Paoloni, A, Peng, Zr, Pistilli, P, Raso, G, Sacco, B, Saggese, L, Santonico, R, Scarsi, L, Shen, Pr, Stanescu, C, Storini, M, Sun, Lr, Sun, Sc, Surdo, A, Tan, Yh, Vallania, P, Vernetto, S, Wang, Cr, Wang, H, Wang, Hy, Wei, Yn, Yao, Qk, Yu, Gc, Yue, Xd, Yuan, Af, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, Jl, Zhang, Nj, Zhang, Tj, Zhang, Xy, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, Zhu, Qq, DE VINCENZI, Mario, Bussino, S, DE MITRI, Ivan, DE VINCENZI, M, DI GIROLAMO, T, DI SCIASCIO, G, Mari, Sm, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Panareo, Marco, Aloisio, A., Bacci, C., Bao, K. Z., Barone, F., Bartoli, Bruno, Bernardini, P., Bleve, C., Branchini, P., Bussino, S., Calloni, Enrico, Camarri, P., Cao, B. Y., Cardarelli, R., Casolino, M., Catalanotti, Sergio, Cavaliere, A., Cavaliere, S., Cesaroni, F., Cha, M., Creti, P., Cusimano, G., Staiti, G. D., D'Elia, V., Mitri, I. D., D'Ettorre, B., D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, Vincenzi, M. D., DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, Sciascio, G. D., Feng, Z. Y., Fu, Y., Gao, X. Y., Geng, Q. X., Guo, H. W., H. H., He, Huang, Q., Iacovacci, Michele, Iucci, N., Jai, H. Y., Kong, F. M., Kuang, H. H., Li, B., J. Y., Li, Liberti, B., Liguori, G., Liu, Z. Q., Lu, H., X. H., Ma, Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Meng, X. R., Milano, L., Mineo, T., Mu, J., Nicastro, L., Orlando, D., Panareo, M., Paoloni, A., Peng, Z. R., Pistilli, P., Raso, G., Sacco, B., Saggese, L., Santonico, R., Scarsi, L., Shen, P. R., Stanescu, C., Storini, M., Sun, L. R., Sun, S. C., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Wang, C. R., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wei, Y. N., Yao, Q. K., G. C., Yu, Yue, X. D., Yuan, A. F., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, T. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhu, Q. Q., A., Aloisio, C., Bacci, K. Z., Bao, F., Barone, B., Bartoli, P., Bernardini, C., Bleve, P., Branchini, S., Bussino, E., Calloni, P., Camarri, B. Y., Cao, R., Cardarelli, M., Casolino, S., Catalanotti, A., Cavaliere, S., Cavaliere, F., Cesaroni, M., Cha, P., Creti, G., Cusimano, G. D., Staiti, V., D'Elia, B., D'Ettorre, B. D., Piazzoli, M. D., Vincenzi, T. D., Girolamo, G. D., Sciascio, Z. Y., Feng, Y., Fu, X. Y., Gao, Q. X., Geng, H. W., Guo, Q., Huang, M., Iacovacci, N., Iucci, H. Y., Jai, F. M., Kong, H. H., Kuang, B., Li, B., Liberti, G., Liguori, Z. Q., Liu, H., Lu, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, X. R., Meng, L., Milano, T., Mineo, J., Mu, L., Nicastro, D., Orlando, A., Paoloni, Z. R., Peng, P., Pistilli, G., Raso, B., Sacco, L., Saggese, R., Santonico, L., Scarsi, P. R., Shen, C., Stanescu, M., Storini, L. R., Sun, S. C., Sun, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C. R., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wang, Y. N., Wei, Q. K., Yao, X. D., Yue, A. F., Yuan, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, T. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, and Q. Q., Zhu

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The ARCO-YBJ experiment, (Astrophysical Radiation Ground-based Observatory at YaugBaJing) is under construction in Tibet, 90 kill to the north of Lhasa. The full coverage approach and the high altitude location allow the study of many physics items in the field of low energy cosmic rays, namely gamma-ray astronomy, diffuse gamma-rays, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), proton/antiproton ratio, primary proton spectrum and heliosphere physics, In this paper the expected sensitivities of ARGO-YBJ for gamma astronomy and GRB physics are presented and compared with the present experimental techniques and results. The performance of a test-module of similar to 50 m(2) operated on-site is, also discussed.

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