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Introduction: The Basic Teaching Qualification (‘BKO’) is considered proof of didactic competence for university teachers in the Netherlands. In University Medical Center Groningen, there were calls to offer a similar programme for students. Two difficulties were foreseen: the (im)possibility for students to schedule the didactic courses alongside their regular coursework and the acquisition of teaching experience. Method: A special programme (BKO-S) was launched for students in medicine, dentistry and human movement sciences aimed at the same level as the teacher programme. The course scheduling problem was resolved by extending the programme to four years instead of two and by clustering some courses in summer schools. Facilitating teaching opportunities for the BKO students largely resolved the second difficulty. Nevertheless, the average student in the programme will have less teaching experience than the average teacher in the BKO programme. To express this, the students will receive a BKO-S certificate, accompanied by a portfolio assessment report specifying their teaching activities. Results: Two cohorts of twelve and sixteen Bachelor students entered the programme in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Attendance at the courses and the summer schools was high. The students were very creative in finding teaching opportunities. Since 1 August 2011, two students have completed the programme and had their portfolios approved. They will receive the BKO-S certificate with their Master’s degree. Discussion/conclusion: Adaptations of the teacher training programme have enabled medical students to successfully participate in a similar teacher training programme alongside the regular undergraduate programme. (Verbeek T, Pleijhuis RG, Van Kleef AJG, Stegmann ME, Schultinge L, Sillius AW, Bos FM, Molenaar WM. Experiences with a Basic Teaching Qualification for students (BKO-S). Netherlands Journal of Medical Education 2011;30(6):272-282.)

Inleiding:Ondanks de toenemende overtuiging dat (klinische) docenten getraind zouden moeten worden voor onderwijskundige taken is er vaak weinig tijd voor het volgen van onderwijskundige trainingen. Een mogelijke oplossing hiervoor kan een combinatie van traditioneel (klassikaal) onderwijs en ‘e-learning’ zijn (‘blended learning’). Hierdoor kan een deel van de training op een plaats en tijdstip naar keuze worden uitgevoerd. Het hier beschreven onderzoek richt zich enerzijds op de haalbaarheid van ‘blended learning’ bij docenttrainingen en anderzijds op de mening van docenten hierover.

Making decisions in reservoir management requires a method for quantifying uncertainty. In reservoir volumetrics, expectation curves for quantifying reservoir properties such as gross rock volume, average porosity, are weIl accepted. Using Monte Carlo simulation, the uncertainty in average reservoir properties are propagated to uncertainty in hydrocarbons initially in place, and eventually to uncertainty in ultimate recovery.

Currently, in reservoir engineering, the process of matching reservoirs to observed production history is generally done in a deterministic fashion. An initial geological model is adapted iteratively, either by hand or automated, until a match is obtained with respect to a certain match criterion. For assessing the uncertainty in reservoir performance prediction due to the uncertainty in the geological model, this approach is too limited. Earlier a formalism for the assessment of uncertainty in geological models has been introduced (see EAPG `94, paper K053). In this paper, we extend the formalism so that it can be applied to assess model uncertainty for geological models originating from geostatistical applications. Use of geostatistics can help us reduce the dimensionality of the geological model, thereby reducing the cost to obtain a quantification of the uncertainty in the performance prediction. The extended formalism is then demonstrated on a geological model of a fluvial environment.

In the context of the EU Joule II, Geoscience II Research programme, a project has been initiated, aimed at improving techniques for reservoir characterization. One of the topics addresses the reduction of uncertainty by conditioning the subsurface parameters to measured production data. A Bayesian setting gives an appropriate formalism for handling the uncertainty reduction. Prior data on the parameters to be estimated are updated using the field measurements and a forward model. This results in an updated (posterior) probability density function for the parameters. From this posterior pdf, which contains all information on parameter correlation and uncertainty, point estimates can be obtained. These point estimates form the solution of the estimation problem and also result in the associated confidence levels. An algorithm has been implemented to perform the Bayesian Inversion formalism. General forward models can be attached. Some examples are given to demonstrate the principles.

Two methods are currently being used in the history matching process of reservoir simulation models. In classical history matching, an initial deterministic geological model is handed over to the reservoir engineer who, after discretization of this model, modifies certain parameters to match simulator output to the observed production performance. Dependent on the complexity of the flow situation and on the experience of the reservoir engineer, a match may be obtained relatively fast or only after a great deal of runs. With the matched model, prediction runs are made to predict future performance of the reservoir. By slightly varying a parameter and inspecting the effect. on the simulator output, an idea of the sensitivity of the history match and prediction runs to the model parameters can be obtained.

Three patients are described with serious psychiatric complications related to use of simvastatin. The psychiatric symptoms concerned were mainly depression, anxiety and suicidal tendencies but also psychotic symptoms. The hypothesis is developed that in a particular population psychiatric (mood) disorders may be triggered by use of simvastatin or other cholesterol lowering compounds. A low or lowered cholesterol level may be related to disturbances in the cerebral serotonin metabolism. It may be necessary to be more alert for psychiatric (mood) disorders when a cholesterol lowering treatment (with simvastatin) is started and to stop it when psychiatric symptoms develop, or grow worse.

Many research institutions have explored the potential of MRI in imaging normal structures and pathologic alterations in and around the joints (1,4,5,9). MRI is in this field competing with procedures such a conventional roentgenograms, ultrasound, CT, arthrography, computerized arthrotomography and arthroscopy. Advantages of MRI in this perspective are its direct visualization of soft tissue structures in multiple planes with superior contrast resolution and its non-invasive character. In addition MRI is easy to perform. As experience accumulates it appears that acces to information provided by MRI is easy both to radiologists and clinicians.