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1. GEMAS: Spatial analysis of the Ni distribution on a continental-scale using digital image processing techniques on European agricultural soil data

Author: Jordan, Gyozo, Petrik, Attila, De Vivo, Benedetto, Albanese, Stefano, Demetriades, Alecos, Sadeghi, Martiya, M. Andersson, R. Baritz, M. J. Batista, A. Bel-lan, M. Birke, D. Cicchella, W. De Vos, E. Dinelli, M. Ďuriš, A. Dusza-Dobek, O. A. Eggen, M. Eklund, V. Ernstsen, P. Filzmoser, D. M. A. Flight, S. Forrester, M. Fuchs, U. Fügedi, A. Gilucis, M. Gosar, V. Gregorauskiene, W. De Groot, A. Gulan, J. Halamić, E. Haslinger, P. Hayoz, R. Hoffmann, J. Hoogewerff, H. Hrvatovic, S. Husnjak, L. Janik, M. Kaminari, J. Kirby, V. Klos, F. Krone, P. Kwecko, L. Kuti, A. Ladenberger, A. Lima, J. Locutura, P. Lucivjansky, A. Mann, D. Mackovych, M. McLaughlin, B. I. Malyuk, R. Maquil, R. G. Meuli, G. Mol, P. Négrel, P. O'Connor, K. Oorts, R. T. Ottesen, A. Pasieczna, V. Petersell, S. Pfleiderer, M. Poňavič, C. Prazeres, U. Rauch, S. Radusinović, C. Reimann, I. Salpeteur, R. Scanlon, A. Schedl, A. Scheib, I. Schoeters, E. Sellersjö, I. Slaninka, J. M. Soriano-Disla, A. Šorša, R. Svrkota, T. Stafilov, T. Tarvainen, V. Trendavilov, P. Valera, V. Verougstraete, D. Vidojević and Z. Zomeni., Jordan, Gyozo, Petrik, Attila, De Vivo, Benedetto, Albanese, Stefano, Demetriades, Aleco, Sadeghi, Martiya, Andersson, M., Baritz, R., Batista, M. J., Bel-lan, A., Birke, M., Cicchella, D., De Vos, W., Dinelli, E., Ďuriš, M., Dusza-Dobek, A., Eggen, O. A., Eklund, M., Ernstsen, V., Filzmoser, P., Flight, D. M. A., Forrester, S., Fuchs, M., Fügedi, U., Gilucis, A., Gosar, M., Gregorauskiene, V., De Groot, W., Gulan, A., Halamić, J., Haslinger, E., Hayoz, P., Hoffmann, R., Hoogewerff, J., Hrvatovic, H., Husnjak, S., Janik, L., Kaminari, M., Kirby, J., Klos, V., Krone, F., Kwecko, P., Kuti, L., Ladenberger, A., Lima, A., Locutura, J., Lucivjansky, P., Mann, A., Mackovych, D., Mclaughlin, M., Malyuk, B. I., Maquil, R., Meuli, R. G., Mol, G., Négrel, P., O'Connor, P., Oorts, K., Ottesen, R. T., Pasieczna, A., Petersell, V., Pfleiderer, S., Poňavič, M., Prazeres, C., Rauch, U., Radusinović, S., Reimann, C., Salpeteur, I., Scanlon, R., Schedl, A., Scheib, A., Schoeters, I., Sellersjö, E., Slaninka, I., Soriano-Disla, J. M., Šorša, A., Svrkota, R., Stafilov, T., Tarvainen, T., Trendavilov, V., Valera, P., Verougstraete, V., D. Vidojević and Z. Zomeni., and The GEMAS Project Team: M. Andersson, R. Baritz, M.J. Batista, A. Bel-lan, M. Birke, D. Cicchella, W. De Vos, E. Dinelli, M.Ďuriš, A. Dusza-Dobek, O.A. Eggen, M. Eklund, V. Ernstsen, P. Filzmoser, D.M.A. Flight, S. Forrester, M. Fuchs, U. Fügedi, A. Gilucis, M. Gosar, V. Gregorauskiene, W. De Groot, A. Gulan, J. Halamić, E. Haslinger, P. Hayoz, R. Hoffmann, J.Hoogewerff, H. Hrvatovic, S. Husnjak, L. Janik, M. Kaminari, J. Kirby, V. Klos, F. Krone, P. Kwecko, L. Kuti, A. Ladenberger, A. Lima, J. Locutura, P. Lucivjansky, A. Mann, D. Mackovych, M. McLaughlin, B.I. Malyuk, R. Maquil, R.G. Meuli, G. Mol, P. Négrel, P. O'Connor, K. Oorts, R.T. Ottesen, A. Pasieczna, V. Petersell, S. Pfleiderer, M. Poňavič, C. Prazeres, U. Rauch, S. Radusinović, C. Reimann, I. Salpeteur, R. Scanlon, A. Schedl, A. Scheib, I. Schoeters, E. Sellersjö, I. Slaninka, J.M. Soriano-Disla, A. Šorša, R. Svrkota, T. Stafilov, T. Tarvainen, V.Trendavilov, P. Valera, V. Verougstraete, D. Vidojević and Z. Zomeni
Subjects: Outcrop, Lithology, Soil science, 010501 environmental sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Numerical differential calculation, Soil parent material, Geochemistry and Petrology, Ultramafic rock, Spatial pattern, Digital image processing, Lineament analysi, Univariate statistic, Common spatial pattern, Economic Geology, Economic geology, Scale (map), Geomorphology, Geology, Smoothing, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: This study demonstrates the use of digital image processing for the spatial pattern recognition and characterisation of Ni concentrations in topsoil in Europe. Moving average smoothing was applied to the TIN-interpolated grid model to suppress small irregularities. Digital image processing was applied then to the grid. Several NE-SW, E-W and NW-SE oriented features were revealed at the continental scale. The dominant NE-SW linear features follow the Variscan and Alpine orogenies. The highest variability zones are in the Alps and the Balkans where mafic and ultramafic rocks outcrop. A single major E-W oriented north-facing feature runs along the last continental glaciation zone. This zone also coincides with a series of local maxima in Ni concentration along the glaciofluvial deposits. The NW-SE elongated features are located in the Pyrenees, northern Italy, Hellas and Fennoscandia. This study demonstrates the advantages of digital image processing analysis in identifying and characterising spatial geochemical patterns unseen before on conventional colour-surface maps.
Published: 2018

2. GEMAS: Geochemical distribution of Mg in agricultural soil of Europe

Author: M. Fuchs, P. Kwecko, P. Hayoz, Jörg Matschullat, B. I. Malyuk, Anna Ladenberger, B. De Vivo, Stjepan Husnjak, Rainer Baritz, V. Verougstraete, S. Pfleiderer, E. Haslinger, P. O'Connor, V. Gregorauskiene, Andreas M. Zissimos, L. Janik, Philippe Négrel, M. Eklund, V. Ernstsen, Alecos Demetriades, V. Trendavilov, A. Dusza-Dobek, Jurian Hoogewerff, Clemens Reimann, Martiya Sadeghi, W. De Groot, G. Mol, R. Maquil, E. Sellersjö, A. Bel-lan, Enrico Dinelli, Belinda Flem, M. Kaminari, W. Petersell, Andreas Scheib, Annamaria Lima, Anna Pasieczna, R. Hoffmann, M. Andersson, Paolo Valera, R. Scanlon, V. Klos, I. Slaninka, M. Duris, S. Forrester, S. Pramuka, D. Mackovych, S. Radusinović, U. Fugedi, C. Prazeres, A. Gulan, W. De Vos, A. Mann, Ajka Šorša, Jason K. Kirby, F. Krone, Z. Zomeni, J. Kivisilla, G. Jordan, Manfred Birke, L. Kuti, Rolf Tore Ottesen, Dee Flight, H. Hrvatovic, R. Srvkota, P. Sefcik, I. Salpeteur, Josip Halamić, Peter Filzmoser, D. P. Lucivjansky, Trajče Stafilov, F. Skopljak, M. Ponavic, Mateja Gosar, Stefano Albanese, R. G. Meuli, D. Vidojević, Maria João Batista, R. K. Oorts, A. Schedl, Domenico Cicchella, Timo Tarvainen, J. Locutura, A. Gilucis, I. Schoeters, U. Rauch, Mike J. McLaughlin, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Geological Survey of Norway (NGU), Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), Negrel, P., Ladenberger, A., Reimann, C., Birke, M., Demetriades, A., Sadeghi, M., Albanese, S., Andersson, M., Baritz, R., Batista, M. J., Bel-lan, A., Cicchella, D., De Vivo, B., De Vos, W., Dinelli, E., Duris, M., Dusza-Dobek, A., Eklund, M., Ernstsen, V., Filzmoser, P., Flem, B., Flight, D. M. A., Forrester, S., Fuchs, M., Fugedi, U., Gilucis, A., Gosar, M., Gregorauskiene, V., De Groot, W., Gulan, A., Halamic, J., Haslinger, E., Hayoz, P., Hoffmann, R., Hoogewerff, J., Hrvatovic, H., Husnjak, S., Janik, L., Jordan, G., Kaminari, M., Kirby, J., Kivisilla, J., Klos, V., Krone, F., Kwecko, P., Kuti, L., Lima, A., Locutura, J., Lucivjansky, D. P., Mann, A., Mackovych, D., Matschullat, J., Mclaughlin, M., Malyuk, B. I., Maquil, R., Meuli, R. G., Mol, G., O'Connor, P., Oorts, R. K., Ottesen, R. T., Pasieczna, A., Petersell, W., Pfleiderer, S., Ponavic, M., Pramuka, S., Prazeres, C., Rauch, U., Radusinovic, S., Salpeteur, I., Scanlon, R., Schedl, A., Scheib, A. J., Schoeters, I., Sefcik, P., Sellersjo, E., Skopljak, F., Slaninka, I., Sorsa, A., Srvkota, R., Stafilov, T., Tarvainen, T., Trendavilov, V., Valera, P., Verougstraete, V., Vidojevic, D., Zissimos, A., Zomeni, Z., Negrel P., Ladenberger A., Reimann C., Birke M., Demetriades A., Sadeghi M., Albanese S., Andersson M., Baritz R., Batista M.J., Bel-lan A., Cicchella D., De Vivo B., De Vos W., Dinelli E., Duris M., Dusza-Dobek A., Eklund M., Ernstsen V., Filzmoser P., Flem B., Flight D.M.A., Forrester S., Fuchs M., Fugedi U., Gilucis A., Gosar M., Gregorauskiene V., De Groot W., Gulan A., Halamic J., Haslinger E., Hayoz P., Hoffmann R., Hoogewerff J., Hrvatovic H., Husnjak S., Janik L., Jordan G., Kaminari M., Kirby J., Kivisilla J., Klos V., Krone F., Kwecko P., Kuti L., Lima A., Locutura J., Lucivjansky D.P., Mann A., Mackovych D., Matschullat J., McLaughlin M., Malyuk B.I., Maquil R., Meuli R.G., Mol G., O'Connor P., Oorts R.K., Ottesen R.T., Pasieczna A., Petersell W., Pfleiderer S., Ponavic M., Pramuka S., Prazeres C., Rauch U., Radusinovic S., Salpeteur I., Scanlon R., Schedl A., Scheib A.J., Schoeters I., Sefcik P., Sellersjo E., Skopljak F., Slaninka I., Sorsa A., Srvkota R., Stafilov T., Tarvainen T., Trendavilov V., Valera P., Verougstraete V., Vidojevic D., Zissimos A., and Zomeni Z.
Subjects: Mediterranean climate, Lithology, Earth science, Weathering, Parent materials, Mineralogy, Total concentration, Partial extraction, 010501 environmental sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, Aqua regia, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Land use, Bedrock, 15. Life on land, Karst, Soil quality, Parent material, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental science, Economic Geology
Abstract: Agricultural soil (Ap-horizon, 0–20 cm) samples were collected from 33 European countries as part of the GEMAS (GEochemical Mapping of Agricultural and grazing land Soil) soil-mapping project. The Mg data derived from total concentrations (XRF) and two acid digestion methods, aqua regia (AR) and Mobile Metal Ion (MMI®), were used to provide an overview of its spatial distribution in soil at the continental-scale. Magnesium is one of the most abundant elements in the Earth's crust and essential nutrient for plants and animals and its presence in soil is, therefore, important for soil quality evaluation. In this study, the geochemical behaviour of Mg in European agricultural soil was investigated in relation to a variety of soil parent materials, climatic zones, and landscapes. The chemical composition of soil reflects mostly the primary mineralogy of the source bedrock, and the superimposed effects of pre- and post-depositional chemical weathering, controlled by element mobility and formation of secondary phases such as clays. Low Mg concentrations in agricultural soil occur in regions with quartz-rich glacial sediments (Poland, Baltic States, N. Germany), and in soil developed on quartz-rich sandstone parent materials (e.g., central Sweden). High Mg concentrations occur in soil developed over mafic lithologies such as ophiolite belts and in carbonate-rich regions, including karst areas. The maximum extent of the last glaciation is well defined by a Mg concentration break, which is marked by low Mg concentrations in Fennoscandia and north-central Europe, and high Mg concentrations in Mediterranean region. Lithology of parent materials seems to play a key role in the Mg nutritional status of agricultural soil at the European scale. Influence from agricultural practice and use of fertilisers appears to be subordinate. Comparison of the continental-scale spatial distribution of Mg in agricultural soil by using the results from three analytical methods (XRF, AR and MMI®) provides complementary information about Mg mobility and its residence time in soil. Thus, allowing evaluation of soil weathering grade and impact of land use exploitation.
Published: 2021

3. Distribution of Rb, Ga and Cs in agricultural land soils at European continental scale (GEMAS): Implications for weathering conditions and provenance

Author: Négrel, Philippe, Ladenberger, Anna, Reimann, Clemens, Birke, Manfred, Sadeghi, Martiya, The GEMAS Project Team: S. Albanese, M. Andersson, R. Baritz, M. J. Batista, A. Bel-lan, D. Cicchella, A. Demetriades, B. De Vivo, W. De Vos, E. Dinelli, M. Ďuriš, A. Dusza-Dobek, O. A. Eggen, M. Eklund, V. Ernstsen, P. Filzmoser, D. M. A. Flight, S. Forrester, M. Fuchs, U. Fügedi, A. Gilucis, M. Gosar, V. Gregorauskiene, W. De Groot, A. Gulan, J. Halamić, E. Haslinger, P. Hayoz, R. Hoffmann, J. Hoogewerff, H. Hrvatovic, S. Husnjak, L. Janik, G. Jordan, M. Kaminari, J. Kirby, J. Kivisilla, V. Klos, F. Krone, P. Kwećko, L. Kuti, A. Lima, J. Locutura, D. P. Lucivjansky, A. Mann, D. Mackovych, M. McLaughlin, B. I. Malyuk, R. Maquil, R. G. Meuli, G. Mol, P. O'Connor, R. K. Oorts, R. T. Ottesen, A. Pasieczna, W. Petersell, S. Pfleiderer, M. Poňavič, S. Pramuka, C. Prazeres, U. Rauch, S. Radusinović, I. Salpeteur, R. Scanlon, A. Schedl, A. J. Scheib, I. Schoeters, P. Šefčik, E Sellersjö, F. Skopljak, I. Slaninka, A. Šorša, R. Srvkota, T. Stafilov, T. Tarvainen, V. Trendavilov, P. Valera, V. Verougstraete, D. Vidojević, A. Zissimos and Z. Zomeni., Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Geological Survey of Sweden, sgu, Geological Survey of Norway (NGU), Geological Survey of Norway, Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Négrel, Philippe, Ladenberger, Anna, Reimann, Clemen, Birke, Manfred, Sadeghi, Martiya, and The GEMAS Project Team: S. Albanese, M. Andersson, R. Baritz, M.J. Batista, A. Bel-lan, D. Cicchella, A. Demetriades, B. De Vivo, W. De Vos, E. Dinelli, M. Ďuriš, A. Dusza-Dobek, O.A. Eggen, M. Eklund, V. Ernstsen, P. Filzmoser, D.M.A. Flight, S. Forrester, M. Fuchs, U. Fügedi, A. Gilucis, M. Gosar, V. Gregorauskiene, W. De Groot, A. Gulan, J. Halamić, E. Haslinger, P. Hayoz, R. Hoffmann, J. Hoogewerff, H. Hrvatovic, S. Husnjak, L. Janik, G. Jordan, M. Kaminari, J. Kirby, J. Kivisilla, V. Klos, F. Krone, P. Kwećko, L. Kuti, A. Lima, J. Locutura, D. P. Lucivjansky, A. Mann, D. Mackovych, M. McLaughlin, B.I. Malyuk, R. Maquil, R.G. Meuli, G. Mol, P. O'Connor, R. K. Oorts, R.T. Ottesen, A. Pasieczna, W. Petersell, S. Pfleiderer, M. Poňavič, S. Pramuka, C. Prazeres, U. Rauch, S. Radusinović, I. Salpeteur, R. Scanlon, A. Schedl, A.J. Scheib, I. Schoeters, P. Šefčik, E Sellersjö, F. Skopljak, I. Slaninka, A. Šorša, R. Srvkota, T. Stafilov, T. Tarvainen, V. Trendavilov, P. Valera, V. Verougstraete, D. Vidojević, A. Zissimos and Z. Zomeni.
Subjects: Provenance, Weathering, Parent material, Fluorescence spectrometry, Geochemistry, Gallium, 010501 environmental sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Agricultural soil, Geochemistry and Petrology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Soil map, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Bedrock, Trace element, Geology, 15. Life on land, Rubidium, Caesium, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: Agricultural soil (Ap-horizon, 0–20 cm) samples were collected from a large part of Europe (33 countries, 5.6 million km2) as part of the GEMAS (GEochemical Mapping of Agricultural and grazing land Soil) soil mapping project. The soil data have been used to provide a general view of element mobility and source rocks at the continental scale, either by reference to average crustal abundances or to normalised patterns of element mobility during weathering processes. The survey area includes a diverse group of soil parent materials with varying geological history, a wide range of climate zones, and landscapes. Total concentrations of Rb, Ga, and Cs in European soil were determined by XRF (X-ray fluorescence spectrometry). In addition, hot aqua regia available element concentrations were analysed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry ICP-MS. Their spatial distribution patterns are shown in geochemical maps. The spatial distribution of Rb, Ga and Cs in Ap soil is quite comparable for the aqua regia and XRF results. The Cs spatial pattern reflects best the large difference between trace element concentrations in northern Europe with predominantly low concentrations and southern Europe with approximately two times higher values. The maximum extent of the last glaciation is visible as a clear concentration break on the map. Lithology of the underlying bedrock is inferred as the major source of geochemical anomalies. In search for characterising the soil parent material and degree of weathering, the soil data were examined for Ga and Cs using two methods. First, the estimated degree of extractability DEi of an element in a sample was calculated by dividing aqua regia available concentrations by the total concentrations obtained by XRF analysis for Al, Na, Ca, K, Rb, Ga and Cs. The different DEi were investigated for 10 geological parent material subgroups (alkaline rocks, granite, calcareous rocks, basalt-mafic rocks, unclassified lithologies, Precambrian granitic gneiss bedrocks, loess, organic soils, schist and soil developed on coarse-grained sandy deposits). The role of clay as main carrier of Ga and Cs phases was inferred for soils developed on several types of bedrock such as granite, gneiss and alkaline rocks. Additionally, an affinity of Cs for loess and carbonate rocks has been observed.
Published: 2018
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4. Bioavailable 87 Sr/ 86 Sr in European soils: A baseline for provenancing studies

Author: Mike J. McLaughlin, M. Kaminari, F. Krone, S. Forrester, D. Mackovych, José M. Soriano-Disla, P. Sefcik, Anna Ladenberger, V. Klos, A. Gilucis, Robert Frei, O. Connor, Dee Flight, Thalita van Aswegen, Annamaria Lima, J. Locutura, Josip Halamić, V. Ernstsen, P. Hayoz, V. Gregorauskiene, M. Ďuriš, Philippe Négrel, Timo Tarvainen, G. Jordan, Jörg Matschullat, U. Rauch, S. Pfleiderer, B. I. Malyuk, W. Petersell, Martiya Sadeghi, M. Poňavič, Anna Pasieczna, Andreas Scheib, Stefano Albanese, Alecos Demetriades, H. Hrvatovic, Malcolm R. Reid, A. Schedl, Rolf Tore Ottesen, S. Radusinović, Jurian Hoogewerff, U. Fugedi, M. Andersson, I. Salpeteur, W. De Vos, M. Eklund, R. Scanlon, R. Maquil, A. Gulan, I. Schoeters, Paolo Valera, Enrico Dinelli, B. De Vivo, Stjepan Husnjak, Domenico Cicchella, Claudine H. Stirling, Rainer Baritz, Clemens Reimann, C. Reimann, F. Skopljak, V. Verougstraete, E. Sellersjö, Maria João Batista, C. Prazeres, I. Slaninka, O. A. Eggen, F. Kwećko, A. Mann, Ajka Šorša, J. Kivisilla, L. Janik, Manfred Birke, L. Kuti, R. Hoffmann, D. Vidojević, M. Fuchs, Peter Filzmoser, S. Pramuka, D. P. Lucivjansky, Z. Zomeni, R. Srvkota, R. K. Oorts, Trajče Stafilov, E. Haslinger, R. G. Meuli, Karin Margarita Frei, V. Trendavilov, Aaron Clayton, A. Bel-lan, Andreas M. Zissimos, A. Dusza-Dobek, W. De Groot, G. Mol, Henriette Ueckermann, Jason K. Kirby, Hoogewerff J.A., Reimann C., Ueckermann H., Frei R., Frei K.M., van Aswegen T., Stirling C., Reid M., Clayton A., Ladenberger A., GEMAS Project Team: Albanese S., Andersson M., Baritz R., Batista M.J., Bel-lan A., Birke M., Cicchella D., De Vivo B., De Vos W., Dinelli E., Ďuriš M., Dusza-Dobek A., Eklund M., Ernstsen V., Filzmoser P., Flem B., Flight D.M.A., Forrester S., Fuchs M., Fügedi U., Gilucis A., Gosar M., Gregorauskiene V., De Groot W., Gulan A., Halamić J., Haslinger E., Hayoz P., Hoffmann R., Hoogewerff J., Hrvatovic H., Husnjak S., Janik L., Jordan G., Kirby J., Klos V., Krone F., Kwecko P., Kuti L., Lima A., Locutura J., Lucivjansky P., Mann A., Mackovych D., McLaughlin M., Malyuk B.I., Maquil R., Matschullat J., Meuli R.G., Mol G., Négrel P., O'Connor P., Oorts K., Pasieczna A., Petersell V., Pﬂeiderer S., Poňavič M., Prazeres C., Rauch U., Radusinović S., Sadeghi M., Salpeteur I., Scanlon R., Schedl A., Scheib A., Schoeters I., Sellersjö E., Slaninka I., Soriano-Disla J.M., Šorša A., Svrkota R., Staﬁlov T., Tarvainen T., Trendavilov V., Valera P., Verougstraete V., Vidojević D., Zissimos A., Zomeni Z., Jurian A, Hoogewerff, Clemens, Reimann, Henriette, Ueckermann, Robert, Frei, Karin M, Frei, Thalita, van Aswegen, Claudine, Stirling, Malcolm, Reid, Aaron, Clayton, Anna, Ladenberger, Albanese, S., Andersson, M., Baritz, R., Batista, M. J., Bel-lan, A., Birke, M., Cicchella, D., Demetriades, A., De Vivo, B., De Vos, W., Dinelli, E., Ďuriš, M., Dusza-Dobek, A., Eggen, O. A., Eklund, M., Ernstsen, V., Filzmoser, P., A Flight, D. M., Forrester, S., Fuchs, M., Fügedi, U., Gilucis, A., Gregorauskiene, V., De Groot, W., Gulan, A., Halamić, J., Haslinger, E., Hayoz, P., Hoffmann, R., Hrvatovic, H., Husnjak, S., Janik, L., Jordan, G., Kaminari, M., Kirby, J., Kivisilla, J., Klos, V., Krone, F., Kwećko, F., Kuti, L., Lima, A., Locutura, J., P Lucivjansky, D., Mann, A., Mackovych, D., Matschullat, J., Mclaughlin, M., I Malyuk, B., Maquil, R., Meuli, R. G., Mol, G., Negrel, P., Connor, O., K Oorts, R., Ottesen, R. T., Pasieczna, A., Petersell, W., Pfleiderer, S., Poňavič, M., Pramuka, S, Prazeres, C., Rauch, U., Radusinović, S., Reimann, C., Sadeghi, M., Salpeteur, I., Scanlon, R., Schedl, A., J Scheib, A., Schoeters, I., Šefčik, P., Sellersjö, E., Skopljak, F., Slaninka, I., Soriano-Disla, J. M., Šorša, A., Srvkota, R., Stafilov, T., Tarvainen, T., Trendavilov, V., Valera, P., Verougstraete, V., Vidojević, D., Zissimos, A., and Zomeni, Z.
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil test, Strontium isotopes, European soils, Baseline, Provenancing, Archaeology, Forensic science, Reference data (financial markets), European soil, Soil science, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ecology and Environment, Kriging, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Sampling (statistics), Variance (accounting), Pollution, Random forest, Chemistry, Soil water, Earth Sciences, Environmental science, Scale (map)
Abstract: We present Sr-87/Sr-86 isotope ratios for similar to 1200 selected soil samples, collected by the GEMAS consortium from grazing (Gr) and agricultural (Ap) soils in Europe with the aim to better understand the strontium isotope distribution in the bioavailable fraction of the top-soil and its potential for provenancing applications. Spatial analysis shows that there is a clear distinction between coastal (100 km) samples in their variance and that this variance is mirrored in the sodium concentration, suggesting an important but highly variable contribution from seaspray. We present two Sr-87/Sr-86 maps at 25 km x 25 km scale: one based solely on the measured data using a classical kriging approach and one based on a Random Forest model using complementary GEMAS data to predict the strontium isotope composition at the remaining 3000+ GEMAS sampling locations, including appropriate uncertainty assessment. Using a forensic Bayesian likelihood ratio approach, a tool was developed in R to create provenancing likelihood ratio maps. The maps delineate areas of high and low likelihood and allow investigators to direct their resources to areas of interest. For actual forensic case work either the measured or the modelled data can be used as reference data for the overall distribution of Sr-87/Sr-86 values in Europe. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All tights reserved.
Published: 2019

5. Prediction of the concentration of chemical elements extracted by aqua regia in agricultural and grazing European soils using diffuse reflectance mid-infrared spectroscopy

Author: J. M. Soriano Disla, L. Janik, M. J. McLaughlin, S. Forrester, J. K. Kirby, C. Reimann, A. Arnoldussen, R. Baritz, M. J. Batista, A. Bel lan, M. Birke, D. Cicchella, A. Demetriades, E. Dinelli, W. De Vos, R. Dohrmann, M. Duris, A. Dusza Dobek, O. A. Eggen, M. Eklund, V. Ernstsen, P. Filzmoser, T. E. Finne, D. Flight, M. Fuchs, U. Fugedi, A. Gilucis, M. Gosar, V. Gregorauskiene, A. Gulan, J. Halamid, E. Haslinger, P. Hayoz, G. Hobiger, R. Hoffmann, J. Hoogewerff, H. Hrvatovic, S. Husnjak, C. C. Johnson, G. Jordan, J. Kivisilla, V. Klos, F. Krone, P. Kwecko, L. Kuti, A. Ladenberger, J. Locutura, P. Lucivjansky, D. Mackovych, B. I. Malyuk, R. Maquil, R. G. Meuli, N. Miosic, G. Mol, P. Négrel, P. O’Connor, K. Oorts, R. T. Ottesen, A. Pasieczna, V. Petersell, S. Pfleiderer, M. Ponˇavicˇ, C. Prazeres, U. Rauch, I. Salpeteur, A. Schedl, A. Scheib, I. Schoeters, P. Sefcik, E. Sellersjö, F. Skopljak, I. Slaninka, A. Šorša, R. Srvkota, T. Stafilov, T. Tarvainen, V. Trendavilov, P. Valera, V. Verougstraete, D. Vidojevid, A. M. Zissimos, Z. Zomeni, ALBANESE, STEFANO, DE VIVO, BENEDETTO, LIMA, ANNAMARIA, J. M., Soriano Disla, L., Janik, M. J., Mclaughlin, S., Forrester, J. K., Kirby, C., Reimann, Albanese, Stefano, A., Arnoldussen, R., Baritz, M. J., Batista, A., Bel lan, M., Birke, D., Cicchella, A., Demetriade, E., Dinelli, DE VIVO, Benedetto, W., De Vo, R., Dohrmann, M., Duri, A., Dusza Dobek, O. A., Eggen, M., Eklund, V., Ernstsen, P., Filzmoser, T. E., Finne, D., Flight, M., Fuch, U., Fugedi, A., Giluci, M., Gosar, V., Gregorauskiene, A., Gulan, J., Halamid, E., Haslinger, P., Hayoz, G., Hobiger, R., Hoffmann, J., Hoogewerff, H., Hrvatovic, S., Husnjak, C. C., Johnson, G., Jordan, J., Kivisilla, V., Klo, F., Krone, P., Kwecko, L., Kuti, A., Ladenberger, Lima, Annamaria, J., Locutura, P., Lucivjansky, D., Mackovych, B. I., Malyuk, R., Maquil, R. G., Meuli, N., Miosic, G., Mol, P., Négrel, P., O’Connor, K., Oort, R. T., Ottesen, A., Pasieczna, V., Petersell, S., Pfleiderer, M., Ponˇavicˇ, C., Prazere, U., Rauch, I., Salpeteur, A., Schedl, A., Scheib, I., Schoeter, P., Sefcik, E., Sellersjö, F., Skopljak, I., Slaninka, A., Šorša, R., Srvkota, T., Stafilov, T., Tarvainen, V., Trendavilov, P., Valera, V., Verougstraete, D., Vidojevid, A. M., Zissimo, and Z., Zomeni
Subjects: Coefficient of determination, Analytical chemistry, Mineralogy, Soil geochemistry, Pollution, Mid infrared spectroscopy, mid-infrared spectroscopy, aqua regia, PLS models, agricultural and grazing land soil, Europe, EGS GEMAS Project, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Diffuse reflectance mid-infrared spectroscopy, Geochemistry and Petrology, Grazing, Soil water, Partial least squares regression, Environmental Chemistry, Aqua regia, Diffuse reflection, Spectroscopy, GEMAS project
Abstract: The aim of this study was to develop partial least squares (PLS) models to predict the concentrations of 45 elements in soils extracted by the aqua regia (AR) method using diffuse reflectance Fourier Transform mid-infrared (MIR; 4000–500 cm−1) spectroscopy. A total of 4130 soils from the GEMAS European soil sampling program (geochemical mapping of agricultural soils and grazing land of Europe) were selected. From the full soil set, 1000 samples were randomly selected to develop PLS models. Cross-validation was used for model training and the remaining 3130 samples used for model testing. According to the ratio of standard deviation to root mean square error (RPD) of the predictions, the elements were allocated into two main groups; Group 1 (successful calibrations, 30 elements), including those elements with RPD ⩾ 1.5 (the coefficient of determination, R2, also provided): Ca (3.3, 0.91), Mg (2.5, 0.84), Al (2.4, 0.83), Fe (2.2, 0.79), Ga (2.1, 0.78), Co (2.1, 0.77), Ni (2.0, 0.77), Sc (2.1, 0.76), Ti (2.0, 0.75), Li (1.9, 0.73), Sr (1.9, 0.72), K (1.8, 0.70), Cr (1.8, 0.70), Th (1.8, 0.69), Be (1.7, 0.66), S (1.7, 0.66), B (1.6, 0.63), Rb (1.6, 0.62), V (1.6, 0.62), Y (1.6, 0.61), Zn (1.6, 0.60), Zr (1.6, 0.59), Nb (1.5, 0.58), Ce (1.5, 0.58), Cs (1.5, 0.58), Na (1.5, 0.57), In (1.5, 0.57), Bi (1.5, 0.56), Cu (1.5, 0.55), and Mn (1.5, 0.54); and Group 2 for 15 elements with RPD values lower than 1.5: As (1.4, 0.52), Ba (1.4, 0.52), La (1.4, 0.52), Tl (1.4, 0.51), P (1.4, 0.46), U (1.4, 0.45), Sb (1.3, 0.46), Mo (1.3, 0.43), Pb (1.3, 0.42), Se (1.3, 0.40), Cd (1.3, 0.40), Sn (1.3, 0.38), Hg (1.2, 0.33), Ag (1.2, 0.32) and W (1.1, 0.19). The success of the PLS models was found to be dependent on their relationships (directly or indirectly) with MIR-active soil components.
Published: 2013

6. GEMAS: Geochemical background and mineral potential of emerging tech-critical elements in Europe revealed from low-sampling density geochemical mapping

Author: M. Fuchs, P. Kwecko, E. Haslinger, P. O'Connor, R. G. Meuli, F. Skopljak, P. Hayoz, Z. Zomeni, P. Sefcik, W. De Groot, G. Mol, U. Rauch, M. Andersson, Trajče Stafilov, R. Srvkota, V. Klos, S. Pfleiderer, D. Vidojević, Paolo Valera, Josip Halamić, Stefano Albanese, R. Hoffmann, F. Krone, Belinda Flem, Anna Pasieczna, A. Gilucis, Alecos Demetriades, Peter Filzmoser, Annamaria Lima, I. Slaninka, D. P. Lucivjansky, S. Forrester, R. K. Oorts, D. Mackovych, M. Eklund, V. Gregorauskiene, Mateja Gosar, V. Verougstraete, L. Janik, Timo Tarvainen, S. Radusinović, U. Fugedi, M. Poňavič, Anna Ladenberger, W. De Vos, I. Schoeters, Jurian Hoogewerff, Clemens Reimann, M. Ďuriš, Philippe Négrel, E. Sellersjö, Martiya Sadeghi, W. Petersell, O. A. Eggen, Andreas Scheib, R. Maquil, A. Schedl, Jörg Matschullat, B. I. Malyuk, Domenico Cicchella, A. Mann, Ajka Šorša, J. Kivisilla, Manfred Birke, L. Kuti, Enrico Dinelli, R. Scanlon, C. Prazeres, Andreas M. Zissimos, V. Trendavilov, A. Bel-lan, Dee Flight, A. Dusza-Dobek, H. Hrvatovic, I. Salpeteur, Jason K. Kirby, S. Pramuka, Mike J. McLaughlin, M. Kaminari, Rolf Tore Ottesen, J. Locutura, A. Gulan, V. Ernstsen, G. Jordan, Maria João Batista, B. De Vivo, Stjepan Husnjak, Rainer Baritz, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Geological Survey of Sweden, sgu, Geological Survey of Norway (NGU), Geological Survey of Norway, Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration (IGME), IGME, Negrel, P., Ladenberger, A., Reimann, C., Birke, M., Demetriades, A., Sadeghi, M., Albanese, S., Andersson, M., Baritz, R., Batista, M. J., Flem, B., Bel-lan, A., Cicchella, D., De Vivo, B., De Vos, W., Dinelli, E., Duris, M., Dusza-Dobek, A., Eggen, O. A., Eklund, M., Ernstsen, V., Filzmoser, P., Flight, D. M. A., Forrester, S., Fuchs, M., Fugedi, U., Gilucis, A., Gosar, M., Gregorauskiene, V., De Groot, W., Gulan, A., Halamic, J., Haslinger, E., Hayoz, P., Hoffmann, R., Hoogewerff, J., Hrvatovic, H., Husnjak, S., Janik, L., Jordan, G., Kaminari, M., Kirby, J., Kivisilla, J., Klos, V., Krone, F., Kwecko, P., Kuti, L., Lima, A., Locutura, J., Lucivjansky, D. P., Mann, A., Mackovych, D., Matschullat, J., Mclaughlin, M., Malyuk, B. I., Maquil, R., Meuli, R. G., Mol, G., O'Connor, P., Oorts, R. K., Ottesen, R. T., Pasieczna, A., Petersell, W., Pfleiderer, S., Ponavic, M., Pramuka, S., Prazeres, C., Rauch, U., Radusinovic, S., Salpeteur, I., Scanlon, R., Schedl, A., Scheib, A. J., Schoeters, I., Sefcik, P., Sellersjo, E., Skopljak, F., Slaninka, I., Sorsa, A., Srvkota, R., Stafilov, T., Tarvainen, T., Trendavilov, V., Valera, P., Verougstraete, V., Vidojevic, D., Zissimos, A., Zomeni, Z., Negrel P., Ladenberger A., Reimann C., Birke M., Demetriades A., Sadeghi M., Albanese S., Andersson M., Baritz R., Batista M.J., Flem B., Bel-lan A., Cicchella D., De Vivo B., De Vos W., Dinelli E., Duris M., Dusza-Dobek A., Eggen O.A., Eklund M., Ernstsen V., Filzmoser P., Flight D.M.A., Forrester S., Fuchs M., Fugedi U., Gilucis A., Gosar M., Gregorauskiene V., De Groot W., Gulan A., Halamic J., Haslinger E., Hayoz P., Hoffmann R., Hoogewerff J., Hrvatovic H., Husnjak S., Janik L., Jordan G., Kaminari M., Kirby J., Kivisilla J., Klos V., Krone F., Kwecko P., Kuti L., Lima A., Locutura J., Lucivjansky D.P., Mann A., Mackovych D., Matschullat J., McLaughlin M., Malyuk B.I., Maquil R., Meuli R.G., Mol G., O'Connor P., Oorts R.K., Ottesen R.T., Pasieczna A., Petersell W., Pfleiderer S., Ponavic M., Pramuka S., Prazeres C., Rauch U., Radusinovic S., Salpeteur I., Scanlon R., Schedl A., Scheib A.J., Schoeters I., Sefcik P., Sellersjo E., Skopljak F., Slaninka I., Sorsa A., Srvkota R., Stafilov T., Tarvainen T., Trendavilov V., Valera P., Verougstraete V., Vidojevic D., Zissimos A., and Zomeni Z.
Subjects: Antimony, Soil test, Weathering, Earth science, Sorting (sediment), Lithium, 010501 environmental sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Spatial distribution, Agricultural soil, 01 natural sciences, Tungsten, Geochemistry and Petrology, Environmental Chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Bedrock, 15. Life on land, Platinum group, Pollution, Weathering, Geochemistry, Critical elements, Geochemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Leaching (pedology), Spatial ecology, Environmental science, Critical element
Abstract: The demand for ‘high-tech’ element resources (e.g., rare earth elements, lithium, platinum group elements) has increased with their continued consumption in developed countries and the emergence of developing economies. To provide a sound knowledge base for future generations, it is necessary to identify the spatial distribution of critical elements at a broad-scale, and to delineate areas for follow-up surveys. Subsequently, this knowledge can be used to study possible environmental consequences of the increased use of these resources. In this paper, three critical industrial elements (Sb, W, Li) from low-sampling density geochemical mapping at the continental-scale are presented. The geochemical distribution and spatial patterns have been obtained from agricultural soil samples (Ap-horizon, 0–20 cm; N = 2108 samples) collected at a density of 1 site per 2500 km2 and analysed by ICP-MS after a hot aqua regia digestion as part of the GEMAS (GEochemical Mapping of Agricultural and grazing land Soil) soil-mapping project in 33 European countries. Most of the geochemical maps show exclusively natural background element concentrations with minor, or without, anthropogenic influence. The maximum extent of the last glaciation is marked as a discrete element concentration break, and a distinct difference occurs in element concentration levels between the soil of northern and southern Europe, most likely an effect of soil genesis, age and weathering. The Sb, W and Li concentrations in soil provide a general overview of element spatial distribution in relation to complexity of the underlying bedrock and element mobility in the surface environment at the continental-scale. The chemical composition of agricultural soil represents largely the primary mineralogy of the source bedrock, the effects of pre- and post-depositional chemical weathering, formation of secondary products, such as clays, and element mobility, either by leaching or mineral sorting. Observed geochemical patterns of Li, W and Sb can be often linked with known mineralisation as recorded in the ProMine Mineral Database, where elements in question occur either as main or secondary resources. Anthropogenic impact has only been identified locally, predominantly in the vicinity of large urban agglomerations. Unexplained high element concentrations may potentially indicate new sources for high-tech elements and should be investigated at a more detailed scale.
Published: 2019

7. U-Th signatures of agricultural soil at the European continental scale (GEMAS): Distribution, weathering patterns and processes controlling their concentrations

Author: S. Forrester, D. Mackovych, H. Hrvatovic, Ignace Salpeteur, Enrico Dinelli, F. Krone, M. Poňavič, M. Kaminari, Rolf Tore Ottesen, V. Verougstraete, W. De Groot, G. Mol, M. Fuchs, P. Kwecko, L. Janik, Walter De Vos, M. Eklund, Maria João Batista, Annamaria Lima, José M. Soriano-Disla, Alecos Demetriades, V. Gregorauskiene, B. I. Malyuk, Anna Ladenberger, Mike J. McLaughlin, R. G. Meuli, A. Mann, R. Srvkota, Ajka Šorša, U. Rauch, S. Pfleiderer, Manfred Birke, L. Kuti, V. Petersell, M. Ďuriš, Philippe Négrel, P. Hayoz, Martiya Sadeghi, A. Dusza-Dobek, R. Scanlon, D. Vidojević, R. Hoffmann, C. Prazeres, I. Schoeters, Stefano Albanese, Jurian Hoogewerff, J. Locutura, Benedetto De Vivo, Jason K. Kirby, Anna Pasieczna, R. Maquil, A. Schedl, A. Gulan, Stjepan Husnjak, Domenico Cicchella, Rainer Baritz, S. Radusinović, U. Fugedi, M. Andersson, Timo Tarvainen, Paolo Valera, Koen Oorts, G. Jordan, Clemens Reimann, E. Sellersjö, I. Slaninka, O. A. Eggen, Andreas Scheib, Trajče Stafilov, E. Haslinger, P. O'Connor, P. Lucivjansky, Z. Zomeni, V. Klos, Peter Filzmoser, Mateja Gosar, V. Ernstsen, A. Gilucis, V. Trendavilov, A. Bel-lan, Josip Halamić, Dee Flight, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Geological Survey of Norway (NGU), Geological Survey of Norway, Geological Survey of Sweden, sgu, Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Geological Survey of Finland, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), Institut Gilbert-Laustriat : Biomolécules, Biotechnologie, Innovation Thérapeutique, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis (UNSA), Négrel, Philippe, De Vivo, Benedetto, Reimann, Clemen, Ladenberger, Anna, Cicchella, Domenico, Albanese, Stefano, Birke, Manfred, De Vos, Walter, Dinelli, Enrico, Lima, Annamaria, O'Connor, Patrick J., Salpeteur, Ignace, Tarvainen, Timo, Andersson, M., Baritz, R., Batista, M.J., Bel-lan, A., Demetriades, A., Ďuriš, M., Dusza-Dobek, A., Eggen, O.A., Eklund, M., Ernstsen, V., Filzmoser, P., Flight, D.M.A., Forrester, S., Fuchs, M., Fügedi, U., Gilucis, A., Gosar, M., Gregorauskiene, V., De Groot, W., Gulan, A., Halamić, J., Haslinger, E., Hayoz, P., Hoffmann, R., Hoogewerff, J., Hrvatovic, H., Husnjak, S., Janik, L., Jordan, G., Kaminari, M., Kirby, J., Klos, V., Krone, F., Kwecko, P., Kuti, L., Locutura, J., Lucivjansky, P., Mann, A., Mackovych, D., McLaughlin, M., Malyuk, B.I., Maquil, R., Meuli, R.G., Mol, G., Oorts, K., Ottesen, R.T., Pasieczna, A., Petersell, V., Pfleiderer, S., Poňavič, M., Prazeres, C., Rauch, U., Radusinović, S., Sadeghi, M., Scanlon, R., Schedl, A., Scheib, A., Schoeters, I., Sellersjö, E., Slaninka, I., Soriano-Disla, J.M., Šorša, A., Srvkota, R., Stafilov, T., Trendavilov, V., Valera, P., Verougstraete, V., Vidojević, D., Zomeni, Z., Negrel, P., De Vivo, B., Reimann, C., Ladenberger, A., Cicchella, D., Albanese, S., Birke, M., De Vos, W., Dinelli, E., Lima, A., O'Connor, P. J., Salpeteur, I., Tarvainen, T., Batista, M. J., Duris, M., Eggen, O. A., Flight, D. M. A., Fugedi, U., Halamic, J., Mclaughlin, M., Malyuk, B. I., Meuli, R. G., Ottesen, R. T., Ponavic, M., Radusinovic, S., Sellersjo, E., Soriano-Disla, J. M., Sorsa, A., and Vidojevic, D.
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Lithology, Weathering, Geochemistry, 010501 environmental sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Agricultural soil, chemistry.chemical_compound, Aqua regia, Environmental Chemistry, Organic matter, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Bedrock, Thorium, 15. Life on land, Pollution, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Uranium, Mafic, agricultural soil, weathering, geochemistry, uranium, thorium, Calcareous
Abstract: Agricultural soil (Ap-horizon, 0–20 cm) samples were collected in Europe (33 countries, 5.6 million km2) as part of the GEMAS (GEochemical Mapping of Agricultural and grazing land Soil) soil-mapping project. The GEMAS survey area includes diverse groups of soil parent materials with varying geological history, a wide range of climate zones, and landscapes. The soil data have been used to provide a general view of U and Th mobility at the continental scale, using aqua regia and MMI® extractions. The U-Th distribution pattern is closely related to the compositional variation of the geological bedrock on which the soil is developed and human impact on the environment has not concealed these genuine geochemical features. Results from both extraction methods (aqua regia and MMI®) used in this study support this general picture. Ternary plots of several soil parameters have been used to evaluate chemical weathering trends. In the aqua regia extraction, some relative Th enrichment-U loss is related to the influence of alkaline and schist bedrocks, due to weathering processes. Whereas U enrichment-Th loss characterizes soils developed on alkaline and mafic bedrock end-members on one hand and calcareous rock, with a concomitant Sc depletion (used as proxy for mafic lithologies), on the other hand. This reflects weathering processes sensu latu, and their role in U retention in related soils. Contrary to that, the large U enrichment relative to Th in the MMI® extraction and the absence of end-member parent material influence explaining the enrichment indicates that lithology is not the cause of such enrichment. Comparison of U and Th to the soil geological parent material evidenced i) higher capability of U to be weathered in soils and higher resistance of Th to weathering processes and its enrichment in soils; and, ii) the MMI® extraction results show a greater affinity of U than Th for the bearing phases like clays and organic matter. The comparison of geological units with U anomalies in agricultural soil at the country scale (France) enables better understanding of U sources in the surficial environment and can be a useful tool in risk assessments.
Published: 2018

8. GEMAS: Source, distribution patterns and geochemical behaviour of Ge in agricultural and grazing land soils at European continental scale

Author: Négrel, Philippe, Ladenberger, Anna, Reimann, Clemens, Birke, Manfred, Sadeghi, Martiya, The GEMAS Project Team: S. Albanese, M. Andersson, R. Baritz, M. J. Batista, A. Bel lan, D. Cicchella, A. Demetriades, B. De Vivo, W. De Vos, M. Duris, A. Dusza Dobek, O. A. Eggen, M. Eklund, V. Ernstsen, P. Filzmoser, D. M. A. Flight, S. Forrester, M. Fuchs, U. Fügedi, A. Gilucis, M. Gosar, V. Gregorauskiene, W. De Groot, A. Gulan, J. Halamic, E. Haslinger, P. Hayoz, R. Hoffmann, J. Hoogewerff, H. Hrvatovic, S. Husnjak, L. Janik, G. Jordan, M. Kaminari, J. Kirby, J. Kivisilla, V. Klos, F. Krone, P. Kwecko, L. Kuti, A. Lima, J. Locutura, D. P. Lucivjansky, A. Mann, D. Mackovych, M. McLaughlin, B. I. Malyuk, R. Maquil, R. G. Meuli, G. Mol, P. O'Connor, R. K. Oorts, R. T. Ottesen, A. Pasieczna, W. Petersell, S. Pfleiderer, M. Ponavic, S. Pramuka, C. Prazeres, U. Rauch, S. Radusinovic, I. Salpeteur, R. Scanlon, A. Schedl, A. J. Scheib, I. Schoeters, P. Sefcik, E. Sellersjo, F. Skopljak, I. Slaninka, A. Sorsa, R. Srvkota, T. Stafilov, T. Tarvainen, V. Trendavilov, P. Valera, V. Verougstraete, D. Vidojevic, A. Zissimos, Z. Zomeni, DINELLI, ENRICO, Negrel, P., Ladenberger, A., Reimann, C., Birke, M., Sadeghi, M., Albanese, Stefano, Andersson, M., Baritz, R., Batista, M. J., BEL LAN, A., Cicchella, D., Demetriades, A., DE VIVO, Benedetto, DE VOS, W., Dinelli, E., Duris, M., DUSZA DOBEK, A., Eggen, O. A., Eklund, M., Ernstsen, V., Filzmoser, P., Flight, D. M. A., Forrester, S., Fuchs, Fügedi, U., Gilucis, A., Gosar, M., Gregorauskiene, V., DE GROOT, W., Gulan, A., Halamic, J., Haslinger, E., Hayoz, P., Hoffmann, R., Hoogewerff, J., Hrvatovic, H., Husnjak, S., Janik, L., Jordan, G., Kaminari, M., Kirby, J., Kivisilla, J., Klos, V., Krone, F., Kwecko, P., Kuti, L., Lima, Annamaria, Locutura, J., Lucivjansky, D. P., Mann, A., Mackovych, D., Mclaughlin, M., Malyuk, B. I., Maquil, R., Meuli, R. G., Mol, G., O'Connor, P., Oorts, R. K., Ottesen, R. T., Pasieczna, A., Petersell, W., Pfleiderer, S., Ponavic, M., Pramuka, S., Prazeres, C., Rauch, U., Radusinovic, S., Salpeteur, I., Scanlon, R., Schedl, A., Scheib, A. J., Schoeters, I., Sefcik, P., Sellersjo, E., Skopljak, F., Slaninka, I., Sorsa, A., Srvkota, R., Stafilov, T., Tarvainen, T., Trendavilov, V., Valera, P., Verougstraete, V., Vidojevic, D., Zissimos, A., Zomeni, Z., Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Geological Survey of Sweden, sgu, Geological Survey of Norway (NGU), Geological Survey of Norway, Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Négrel, Philippe, Ladenberger, Anna, Reimann, Clemen, Birke, Manfred, Sadeghi, Martiya, The GEMAS Project Team: S. Albanese, M. Andersson, R. Baritz, M.J. Batista, A. Bel-lan, D. Cicchella, A. Demetriade, B. De Vivo, W. De Vo, Dinelli Enrico, M. Duri, A. Dusza-Dobek, O.A. Eggen, M. Eklund, V. Ernstsen, P. Filzmoser, D.M.A. Flight, S. Forrester, M. Fuch, U. Fügedi, A. Giluci, M. Gosar, V. Gregorauskiene, W. De Groot, A. Gulan, J. Halamic, E. Haslinger, P. Hayoz, R. Hoffmann, J. Hoogewerff, H. Hrvatovic, S. Husnjak, L. Janik, G. Jordan, M. Kaminari, J. Kirby, J. Kivisilla, V. Klo, F. Krone, P. Kwecko, L. Kuti, A. Lima, J. Locutura, D. P. Lucivjansky, A. Mann, D. Mackovych, M. McLaughlin, B.I. Malyuk, R. Maquil, R.G. Meuli, G. Mol, P. O'Connor, R. K. Oort, R.T. Ottesen, A. Pasieczna, W. Petersell, S. Pfleiderer, M. Ponavic, S. Pramuka, C. Prazere, U. Rauch, S. Radusinovic, I. Salpeteur, R. Scanlon, A. Schedl, A.J. Scheib, I. Schoeter, P. Sefcik, E Sellersjo, F. Skopljak, I. Slaninka, A. Sorsa, R. Srvkota, T. Stafilov, T. Tarvainen, V. Trendavilov, P. Valera, V. Verougstraete, D. Vidojevic, A. Zissimo, and Z. Zomeni
Subjects: Regosol, Soil production function, Weathering, Soil science, 010501 environmental sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Agricultural soil, 01 natural sciences, Soil survey, Soil series, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Environmental Chemistry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Soil map, Germanium, Geochemistry, Pedalfer, 15. Life on land, Pollution, Chemistry, Pedogenesis, Agriculture and Soil Science, 13. Climate action, Soil water, Earth Sciences, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Agricultural soil (Ap-horizon, 0–20 cm) and grazing land soil (Gr-horizon, 0–10 cm) samples were collected from a large part of Europe (33 countries, 5.6 million km2) as part of the GEMAS (GEochemical Mapping of Agricultural and grazing land Soil) soil mapping project. GEMAS soil data have been used to provide a general view of element mobility and source rocks at the continental scale, either by reference to average crustal abundances or to normalized patterns of element mobility during weathering processes. The survey area includes a diverse group of soil parent materials with varying geological history, a wide range of climate zones, and landscapes.The concentrations of Ge in European soil were determined by ICP-MS after an aqua extraction, and their spatial distribution patterns generated by means of a GIS software.The median values of Ge and its spatial distribution in Ap and Gr soils are almost the same (0.037 vs. 0.034 mg/kg, respectively). The majority of Ge anomalies is related to the type of soil parent material, namely lithology of the bedrock and minor influence of soil parameters such as pH, TOC and clay content. Metallogenic belts with sulphide mineralisation provide the primary source of Ge in soil in several regions in Europe, e.g. in Scandinavia, Germany, France, Spain and Balkan countries.Comparison with total Ge concentrations obtained from the Baltic Soil Survey shows that aqua regia is a very selective method with rather low-efficiency and cannot provide a complete explanation for Ge geochemical behaviour in soil. Additionally, large differences in Ge distribution are to be expected when different soil depth horizons are analysed.
Published: 2016

9. GEMAS: Prediction of solid-solution partitioning coefficients (Kd) for cationic metals in soils using mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

Author: Janik, Leslie J, Forrester, Sean T, Soriano Disla, José M, Kirby, Jason K, Mclaughlin, Michael J, Reimann, Clemens, The GEMAS Project Team [. . ., S. Albanese, M. Andersson, R. Baritz, M. J. Batista, A. Bel lan, M. Birke, D. Cicchella, A. Demetriades, B. De Vivo, W. De Vos, M. Ďuriš, A. Dusza Dobek, O. A. Eggen, M. Eklund, V. Ernstsen, P. Filzmoser, D. M. A. Flight, M. Fuchs, U. Fügedi, A. Gilucis, M. Gosar, V. Gregorauskiene, W. De Groot, A. Gulan, J. Halamić, E. Haslinger, P. Hayoz, R. Hoffmann, J. Hoogewerff, H. Hrvatovic, S. Husnjak, G. Jordan, M. Kaminari, V. Klos, F. Krone, P. Kwećko, L. Kuti, A. Ladenberger, A. Lima, J. Locutura, P. Lucivjansky, A. Mann, D. Mackovych, B. I. Malyuk, R. Maquil, R. G. Meuli, G. Mol, P. Négrel, P. O'Connor, K. Oorts, R. T. Ottesen, A. Pasieczna, W. Petersell, S. Pfleiderer, M. Poňavič, C. Prazeres, U. Rauch, S. Radusinović, M. Sadeghi, I. Salpeteur, R. Scanlon, A. Schedl, A. J. Scheib, I. Schoeters, E. Sellersjö, I. Slaninka, A. Šorša, R. Srvkota, T. Stafilov, T. Tarvainen, V. Trendavilov, P. Valera, V. Verougstraete, D. Vidojević, Z. Zomeni, DINELLI, ENRICO, Janik, Leslie J, Forrester, Sean T, Soriano-Disla, José M, Kirby, Jason K, Mclaughlin, Michael J, Reimann, Clemen, The GEMAS Project Team [.., S. Albanese, M. Andersson, R. Baritz, M.J. Batista, A. Bel-lan, M. Birke, D. Cicchella, A. Demetriade, B. De Vivo, W. De Vo, E. Dinelli, M. Ďuriš, A. Dusza-Dobek, O.A. Eggen, M. Eklund, V. Ernstsen, P. Filzmoser, D.M.A. Flight, M. Fuch, U. Fügedi, A. Giluci, M. Gosar, V. Gregorauskiene, W. De Groot, A. Gulan, J. Halamić, E. Haslinger, P. Hayoz, R. Hoffmann, J. Hoogewerff, H. Hrvatovic, S. Husnjak, G. Jordan, M. Kaminari, V. Klo, F. Krone, P. Kwećko, L. Kuti, A. Ladenberger, A. Lima, J. Locutura, P. Lucivjansky, A. Mann, D. Mackovych, B.I. Malyuk, R. Maquil, R.G. Meuli, G. Mol, P. Négrel, P. O'Connor, K. Oort, R.T. Ottesen, A. Pasieczna, W. Petersell, S. Pfleiderer, M. Poňavič, C. Prazere, U. Rauch, S. Radusinović, M. Sadeghi, I. Salpeteur, R. Scanlon, A. Schedl, A.J. Scheib, I. Schoeter, E Sellersjö, I. Slaninka, A. Šorša, R. Srvkota, T. Stafilov, T. Tarvainen, V. Trendavilov, P. Valera, V. Verougstraete, D. Vidojević, Z. Zomeni, and ]
Subjects: Principal Component Analysis, Cation, Spectrophotometry, Infrared, Agriculture, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Models, Theoretical, Partial least squares regression, Solutions, Soil, Solid-solution partitioning coefficients (K-d), Metals, Cations, Linear Models, Soil Pollutants, Least-Squares Analysis, Mid-infrared spectroscopy
Abstract: Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models, using mid-infrared (MIR) diffuse reflectance Fourier-transformed (DRIFT) spectra, were used to predict distribution coefficient (Kd) values for selected added soluble metal cations (Ag(+), Co(2+), Cu(2+), Mn(2+), Ni(2+), Pb(2+), Sn(4+), and Zn(2+)) in 4813 soils of the Geochemical Mapping of Agricultural Soils (GEMAS) program. For the development of the PLSR models, approximately 500 representative soils were selected based on the spectra, and Kd values were determined using a single-point soluble metal or radioactive isotope spike. The optimum models, using a combination of MIR-DRIFT spectra and soil pH, resulted in good predictions for log Kd+1 for Co, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn (R(2) ≥ 0.83) but poor predictions for Ag, Cu, and Sn (R(2) 0.50). These models were applied to the prediction of log Kd+1 values in the remaining 4313 unknown soils. The PLSR models provide a rapid and inexpensive tool to assess the mobility and potential availability of selected metallic cations in European soils. Further model development and validation will be needed to enable the prediction of log K(d+1) values in soils worldwide with different soil types and properties not covered in the existing model.
Published: 2015

10. GEMAS: Prediction of solid-solution phase partitioning coefficients (Kd) for oxoanions and boric acid in soils using mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

Author: Janik, Leslie J, Forrester, Sean T, Soriano Disla, José M, Kirby, Jason K, Mclaughlin, Michael J, Reimann, Clemens, the GEMAS research group [. . ., S. Albanese, M. Andersson, R. Baritz, M. J. Batista, A. Bel lan, M. Birke, D. Cicchella, A. Demetriades, B. De Vivo, W. De Vos, M. _Duriš, A. Dusza Dobek, O. A. Eggen, M. Eklund, V. Ernstsen, P. Filzmoser, D. M. A. Flight, M. Fuchs, U. Fügedi, A. Gilucis, M. Gosar, V. Gregorauskiene, W. De Groot, A. Gulan, J. Halamić, E. Haslinger, P. Hayoz, R. Hoffmann, J. Hoogewerff, H. Hrvatovic, S. Husnjak, G. Jordan, M. Kaminari, V. Klos, F. Krone, P. Kwećko, L. Kuti, A. Ladenberger, A. Lima, J. Locutura, P. Lucivjansky, A. Mann, D. Mackovych, B. I. Malyuk, R. Maquil, R. G. Meuli, G. Mol, P. Négrel, P. O'Connor, K. Oorts, R. T. Ottesen, A. Pasieczna, W. Petersell, S. Pfleiderer, M. Poňnavić, C. Prazeres, U. Rauch, S. Radusinović, M. Sadeghi, I. Salpeteur, R. Scanlon, A. Schedl, A. J. Scheib, I. Schoeters, E. Sellersjö, I. Slaninka, A. Šorša, R. Srvkota, T. Stafilov, T. Tarvainen, V. Trendavilov, P. Valera, V. Verougstraete, D. Vidojević, Z. Z.o.m.e.n.i. , . . . ], DINELLI, ENRICO, Janik, Leslie J, Forrester, Sean T, Soriano-Disla, José M, Kirby, Jason K, Mclaughlin, Michael J, Reimann, Clemens and the GEMAS research group [.., S. Albanese, M. Andersson, R. Baritz, M.J. Batista, A. Bel-lan, M. Birke, D. Cicchella, A. Demetriade, B. De Vivo, W. De Vo, E. Dinelli, M. _Duriš, A. Dusza-Dobek, O.A. Eggen, M. Eklund, V. Ernstsen, P. Filzmoser, D.M.A. Flight, M. Fuch, U. Fügedi, A. Giluci, M. Gosar, V. Gregorauskiene, W. De Groot, A. Gulan, J. Halamić, E. Haslinger, P. Hayoz, R. Hoffmann, J. Hoogewerff, H. Hrvatovic, S. Husnjak, G. Jordan, M. Kaminari, V. Klo, F. Krone, P. Kwećko, L. Kuti, A. Ladenberger, A. Lima, J. Locutura, P. Lucivjansky, A. Mann, D. Mackovych, B.I. Malyuk, R. Maquil, R.G. Meuli, G. Mol, P. Négrel, P. O'Connor, K. Oort, R.T. Ottesen, A. Pasieczna, W. Petersell, S. Pfleiderer, M. Poňnavić, C. Prazere, U. Rauch, S. Radusinović, M. Sadeghi, I. Salpeteur, R. Scanlon, A. Schedl, A.J. Scheib, I. Schoeter, E. Sellersjö, I. Slaninka, A. Šorša, R. Srvkota, T. Stafilov, T. Tarvainen, V. Trendavilov, P. Valera, V. Verougstraete, D. Vidojević, Z. Zomeni., and ]
Subjects: Anions, Spectrophotometry, Infrared, Anion, Partial least squares regression, Soil, Boric Acids, Soil Pollutants, Soil Pollutant, Environmental Chemistry, Metal/metalloid, Solid-solution partitioning coefficients (Kd), Solution, Least-Squares Analysis, Mid-infrared spectroscopy, Least-Squares Analysi, Geography, Medicine (all), Agriculture, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Models, Theoretical, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesi, Solutions, Europe, Calibration, Linear Models, Linear Model, Boric Acid
Abstract: The authors' aim was to develop rapid and inexpensive regression models for the prediction of partitioning coefficients (Kd), defined as the ratio of the total or surface-bound metal/metalloid concentration of the solid phase to the total concentration in the solution phase. Values of Kd were measured for boric acid (B[OH]3(0)) and selected added soluble oxoanions: molybdate (MoO4(2-)), antimonate (Sb[OH](6-)), selenate (SeO4(2-)), tellurate (TeO4(2-)) and vanadate (VO4(3-)). Models were developed using approximately 500 spectrally representative soils of the Geochemical Mapping of Agricultural Soils of Europe (GEMAS) program. These calibration soils represented the major properties of the entire 4813 soils of the GEMAS project. Multiple linear regression (MLR) from soil properties, partial least-squares regression (PLSR) using mid-infrared diffuse reflectance Fourier-transformed (DRIFT) spectra, and models using DRIFT spectra plus analytical pH values (DRIFT + pH), were compared with predicted log K(d + 1) values. Apart from selenate (R(2) = 0.43), the DRIFT + pH calibrations resulted in marginally better models to predict log K(d + 1) values (R(2) = 0.62-0.79), compared with those from PSLR-DRIFT (R(2) = 0.61-0.72) and MLR (R(2) = 0.54-0.79). The DRIFT + pH calibrations were applied to the prediction of log K(d + 1) values in the remaining 4313 soils. An example map of predicted log K(d + 1) values for added soluble MoO4(2-) in soils across Europe is presented. The DRIFT + pH PLSR models provided a rapid and inexpensive tool to assess the risk of mobility and potential availability of boric acid and selected oxoanions in European soils. For these models to be used in the prediction of log K(d + 1) values in soils globally, additional research will be needed to determine if soil variability is accounted on the calibration.
Published: 2015

11. Mercury in European agricultural and grazing land soils

Author: Ottesen R. T, Birke M., Finne T. E., Gosar M., Locutura J., Reimann C., Tarvainen T., the GEMAS project team S. Albanese, M. Andersson, A. Arnoldussen, M. J. Batista, A. Bel lan, D. Cicchella, A. Demetriades, B. De Vivo, W. De Vos, M. Duris, A. Dusza, O. A. Eggen, M. Eklund, V. Ernstsen, P. Filzmoser, D. Flight, M. Fuchs, U. Fugedi, A. Gilucis, V. Gregorauskiene, A. Gulan, J. Halamic, E. Haslinger, P. Hayoz, R. Hoffmann, J. Hoogewerff, H. Hrvatovic, S. Husnjak, C. C. Johnson, G. Jordan, L. Kaste, B. Keilert, J. Kivisilla, V. Klos, F. Krone, P. Kwecko, L. Kuti, A. Ladenberger, A. Lima, D. P. Lucivjansky, D. Mackovych, B. I. Malyuk, R. Maquil, P. McDonnell, R. G. Meuli, N. Miosic, G. Mol, P. Négrel, P. O’Connor, A. Pasieczna, W. Petersell, M. Ponhavic, S. Pramuka, C. Prazeres, U. Rauch, H. Reitner, M. Sadeghi, I. Salpeteur, N. Samardzic, A. Schedl, A. Scheib, I. Schoeters, P. Sefcik, F. Skopljak, I. Slaninka, A. Šorša, T. Stafilov, E. Sellersjö, V. Trendavilov, P. Valera, V. Verougstraete, D. Vidojevic, Z. Zomeni, DINELLI, ENRICO, Ottesen R.T, Birke M., Finne T.E., Gosar M., Locutura J., Reimann C., Tarvainen T. and the GEMAS project team S. Albanese, M. Andersson, A. Arnoldussen, M.J. Batista, A. Bel-lan, D. Cicchella, A. Demetriade, E. Dinelli, B. De Vivo, W. De Vo, M. Duri, A. Dusza, O.A. Eggen, M. Eklund, V. Ernstsen, P. Filzmoser, D. Flight, M. Fuch, U. Fugedi, A. Giluci, V. Gregorauskiene, A. Gulan, J. Halamic, E. Haslinger, P. Hayoz, R. Hoffmann, J. Hoogewerff, H. Hrvatovic, S. Husnjak, C.C. Johnson, G. Jordan, L. Kaste, B. Keilert, J. Kivisilla, V. Klo, F. Krone, P. Kwecko, L. Kuti, A. Ladenberger, A. Lima, D. P.Lucivjansky, D. Mackovych, B.I. Malyuk, R. Maquil, P. McDonnell, R.G. Meuli, N. Miosic, G. Mol, P. Négrel, P. O’Connor, A. Pasieczna, W. Petersell, M. Ponhavic, S. Pramuka, C. Prazere, U. Rauch, H. Reitner, M. Sadeghi, I.Salpeteur, N. Samardzic, A. Schedl, A. Scheib, I. Schoeter, P. Sefcik, F. Skopljak, I. Slaninka, A. Šorša, T. Stafilov, E. Sellersjö, V. Trendavilov, P. Valera, V. Verougstraete, D. Vidojevic, Z. Zomeni, R. T., Ottesen, M., Birke, T. E., Finne, M., Gosar, J., Locutura, C., Reimann, T., Tarvainen, Albanese, Stefano, M., Andersson, A., Arnoldussen, M. J., Batista, A., Bel lan, D., Cicchella, A., Demetriade, E., Dinelli, DE VIVO, Benedetto, W., De Vo, M., Duri, A., Dusza, O. A., Eggen, M., Eklund, V., Ernstsen, P., Filzmoser, D., Flight, M., Fuch, U., Fugedi, A., Giluci, V., Gregorauskiene, A., Gulan, J., Halamic, E., Haslinger, P., Hayoz, R., Hoffmann, J., Hoogewerff, H., Hrvatovic, S., Husnjak, C. C., Johnson, G., Jordan, L., Kaste, B., Keilert, J., Kivisilla, V., Klo, F., Krone, P., Kwecko, L., Kuti, A., Ladenberger, Lima, Annamaria, D. P., Lucivjansky, D., Mackovych, B. I., Malyuk, R., Maquil, P., Mcdonnell, R. G., Meuli, N., Miosic, G., Mol, P., Négrel, P., O’Connor, A., Pasieczna, W., Petersell, M., Ponavic, S., Pramuka, C., Prazere, U., Rauch, H., Reitner, M., Sadeghi, I., Salpeteur, N., Samardzic, A., Schedl, A., Scheib, I., Schoeter, P., Sefcik, F., Skopljak, I., Slaninka, A., Šorša, T., Stafilov, E., Sellersjö, V., Trendavilov, P., Valera, V., Verougstraete, D., Vidojevic, and Z. Z. o. m. e. n., I.
Subjects: Soil test, Cold climate, chemistry.chemical_element, mercurio, Agricultural soil, soil, GEMAS, chemistry.chemical_compound, mercury, agricultural and grazing land soils, Europe, EGS GEMAS Project, agricultura, Geochemistry and Petrology, Grazing, Environmental Chemistry, Aqua regia, clima, geología, Hydrology, business.industry, suelo, geoquímica, Pollution, Grazing soil, Mercury (element), chemistry, Agriculture, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, Smelting, MERCURY, business, Europa
Abstract: Agricultural (Ap, Ap-horizon, 0–20 cm) and grazing land soil samples (Gr, 0–10 cm) were collected from a large part of Europe (33 countries, 5.6 million km2) at an average density of 1 sample site/2500 km2. The resulting more than 2 × 2000 soil samples were air dried, sieved to, Geological Survey of Norway, Noruega, Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Alemania, Geological Survey of Slovenia, Eslovenia, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, España, Geological Survey of Finland, Finlandia
Published: 2013

12. Geogenic and agricultural controls on the geochemical compostion of European agricultural soils

Author: R. Saaltink, J. Griffioen, G. Mol, M. Birke, C. Reimann, M. Andersson, A. Arnoldussen, R. Baritz, M. J. Batista, A. Bel lan, D. Cicchella, A. Demetriades, E. Dinelli, W. De Vos, M. Duris, A. Dusza Dobek, O. A. Eggen, M. Eklund, V. Ernstsen, K. Fabian, P. Filzmoser, T. E. Finne, B. Flem, D. Flight, S. Forrester, M. Fuchs, U. Fugedi, A. Gilucis, M. Gosar, V. Gregorauskiene, A. Gulan, J. Halamić, E. Haslinger, P. Hayoz, G. Hobiger, R. Hoffmann, J. Hoogewerff, H. Hrvatovic, S. Husnjak, L. Janik, C. C. Johnson, G. Jordan, J. Kirby, J. Kivisilla, V. Klos, F. Krone, P. Kwecko, L. Kuti, A. Ladenberger, J. Locutura, P. Lucivjansky, D. Mackovych, B. I. Malyuk, R. Maquil, M. McLaughlin, R. G. Meuli, N. Miosic, P. Négrel, P. O'Connor, K. Oorts, R. T. Ottesen, A. Pasieczna, V. Petersell, S. Pfleiderer, M. Poňaviĉ, C. Prazeres, U. Rauch, I. Salpeteur, A. Schedl, A. Scheib, I. Schoeters, P. Sefcik, E. Sellersjö, F. Skopljak, I. Slaninka, A. Šorša, R. Srvkota, T. Stafilov, T. Tarvainen, V. Trendavilov, P. Valera, V. Verougstraete, D. Vidojević, A. M. Zissimos, Z. Zomeni, ALBANESE, STEFANO, DE VIVO, BENEDETTO, LIMA, ANNAMARIA, R., Saaltink, J., Griffioen, G., Mol, M., Birke, C., Reimann, Albanese, Stefano, M., Andersson, A., Arnoldussen, R., Baritz, M. J., Batista, A., Bel lan, D., Cicchella, A., Demetriade, E., Dinelli, DE VIVO, Benedetto, W., De Vo, M., Duri, A., Dusza Dobek, O. A., Eggen, M., Eklund, V., Ernstsen, K., Fabian, P., Filzmoser, T. E., Finne, B., Flem, D., Flight, S., Forrester, M., Fuch, U., Fugedi, A., Giluci, M., Gosar, V., Gregorauskiene, A., Gulan, J., Halamić, E., Haslinger, P., Hayoz, G., Hobiger, R., Hoffmann, J., Hoogewerff, H., Hrvatovic, S., Husnjak, L., Janik, C. C., Johnson, G., Jordan, J., Kirby, J., Kivisilla, V., Klo, F., Krone, P., Kwecko, L., Kuti, A., Ladenberger, Lima, Annamaria, J., Locutura, P., Lucivjansky, D., Mackovych, B. I., Malyuk, R., Maquil, M., Mclaughlin, R. G., Meuli, N., Miosic, P., Négrel, P., O'Connor, K., Oort, R. T., Ottesen, A., Pasieczna, V., Petersell, S., Pfleiderer, M., Poňaviĉ, C., Prazere, U., Rauch, I., Salpeteur, A., Schedl, A., Scheib, I., Schoeter, P., Sefcik, E., Sellersjö, F., Skopljak, I., Slaninka, A., Šorša, R., Srvkota, T., Stafilov, T., Tarvainen, V., Trendavilov, P., Valera, V., Verougstraete, D., Vidojević, A. M., Zissimo, Z., Zomeni, SAALTINK R., GRIFFIOEN J., MOL G., BIRKE M. and the GEMAS Project Team C. REIMANN (PROJECT LEADER), S. ALBANESE, M. ANDERSSON, A. ARNOLDUSSEN, R. BARITZ, M.J. BATISTA, A. BEL-LAN, D. CICCHELLA, A. DEMETRIADES, E. DINELLI, B. DE VIVO, W. DE VOS, M. DURIS, A. DUSZA-DOBEK, O.A. EGGEN, M. EKLUND, V. ERNSTSEN, K. FABIAN, P. FILZMOSER, T.E. FINNE, B. FLEM, D. FLIGHT, S. FORRESTER, M. FUCHS, U. FUGEDI, A. GILUCIS, M. GOSAR, V. GREGORAUSKIENE, A. GULAN, J. HALAMIĆ, E. HASLINGER, P. HAYOZ, G. HOBIGER, R. HOFFMANN, J. HOOGEWERFF, H. HRVATOVIC, S. HUSNJAK, L. JANIK, C.C. JOHNSON, G. JORDAN, J. KIRBY, J. KIVISILLA, V. KLOS, F. KRONE, P. KWECKO, L. KUTI, A. LADENBERGER, A. LIMA, J. LOCUTURA, P. LUCIVJANSKY, D. MACKOVYCH, B.I. MALYUK, R. MAQUIL, M. MCLAUGHLIN, R.G. MEULI, N. MIOSIC, G. MOL, P. NÉGREL, P. O'CONNOR, K. OORTS, R.T. OTTESEN, A. PASIECZNA, V. PETERSELL, S. PFLEIDERER, M. POŇAVIĈ, C. PRAZERES, U. RAUCH, I. SALPETEUR, A. SCHEDL, A. SCHEIB, I. SCHOETERS, P. SEFCIK, E. SELLERSJÖ, F. SKOPLJAK, I. SLANINKA, A. ŠORŠA, R. SRVKOTA, T. STAFILOV, T. TARVAINEN, V. TRENDAVILOV, P. VALERA, V. VEROUGSTRAETE, D. VIDOJEVIĆ, A.M. ZISSIMOS, and Z. ZOMENI.
Subjects: fertilizers, genetic structures, Aardwetenschappen, Agricultural impact, Stratigraphy, Energy / Geological Survey Netherlands, Carbonate minerals, Geological Survey Netherlands, metals, Mineralogy, isotope composition, Agricultural soil, robust factor-analysis, Robust factor analysis, GEMAS, Soil geochemistry, Cation-exchange capacity, surface, continental-crust, Loss on ignition, Earth-Surface Processes, Total organic carbon, Milieukunde, Earth / Environmental, element concentrations, Soil chemistry, Environmental impact of agriculture, Alterra - Soil physics and land use, loess, Europe, GM - Geomodelling, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, extraction, impact, Robust factor analysi, EELS - Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, Clay minerals, Geology, Geosciences, Alterra - Bodemfysica en landgebruik
Abstract: Purpose: Concern about the environmental impact of agriculture caused by intensification is growing as large amounts of nutrients and contaminants are introduced into the environment. The aim of this paper is to identify the geogenic and agricultural controls on the elemental composition of European, grazing and agricultural soils. Materials and methods: Robust factor analysis was applied to data series for Al, B, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, S, Se, Sr, U, Zn (ICP-MS) and SiO2, K2O, Na2O, Fe2O3, Al2O3 (XRF) based on the European GEMAS dataset. In addition, the following general soil properties were included: clay content, pH, chemical index of alteration (CIA), loss on ignition (LOI), cation exchange capacity (CEC), total organic carbon (TOC) and total carbon and total sulfur. Furthermore, this dataset was coupled to a dataset containing information of historic P2O5 fertilization across Europe. Also, a mass balance was carried out for Cd, Cu and Zn to determine if concentrations of these elements found in the soils have their origin in historic P2O5 fertilization. Results and discussion: Seven geogenic factors and one agricultural factor were found of which four prominent ones (all geogenic): chemical weathering, reactive iron-aluminum oxide minerals, clay minerals and carbonate minerals. Results for grazing and agricultural soils were near identical, which further proofs the prominence of geogenic controls on the elemental composition. When the cumulative amount of P2O5 fertilization was considered, no extra agriculture-related factors became visible. The mass balance confirms these observations. Conclusions: Overall, the geological controls are more important for the soil chemistry in agricultural and grazing land soils than the anthropogenic controls. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Published: 2013

13. Ce, La and Y concentrations in agricultural and grazing-land soils of Europe

Author: M. Sadeghi, A. Ladenberger, M. Andersson, G. Morris, A. Arnoldussen, R. Baritz, M. J. Batista, A. Bel‐lan, M. Birke, D. Cicchella, A. Demetriades, E. Dinelli, W. De Vos, M. Duris, A. Dusza Dobek, O. A. Eggen, M. Eklund, V. Ernstsen, P. Filzmoser, T. E. Finne, D. Flight, S. Forrester, M. Fuchs, U. Fugedi, A. Gilucis, M. Gosar, V. Gregorauskiene, A. Gulan, J. Halamić, E. Haslinger, P. Hayoz, G. Hobiger, R. Hoffmann, J. Hoogewerff, H. Hrvatovic, S. Husnjak, L. Janik, C. C. Johnson, G. Jordan, J. Kirby, J. Kivisilla, V. Klos, F. Krone, P. Kwecko, L. Kuti, J. Locutura, P. Lucivjansky, D. Mackovych, B. I. Malyuk, R. Maquil, M. McLaughlin, R. G. Meuli, N. Miosic, G. Mol, P. Négrel, P. O'Connor, K. Oorts, R. T. Ottesen, A. Pasieczna, V. Petersell, S. Pfleiderer, M. Poňavič, C. Prazeres, U. Rauch, C. Reimann, I. Salpeteur, A. Schedl, A. Scheib, I. Schoeters, P. Sefcik, E. Sellersjö, F. Skopljak, I. Slaninka, A. Šorša, R. Srvkota, T. Stafilov, T. Tarvainen, V. Trendavilov, P. Valera, V. Verougstraete, D. Vidojević, A. M. Zissimos, Z. Z.o.m.e.n.i., PETROSINO, PAOLA, ALBANESE, STEFANO, LIMA, ANNAMARIA, DE VIVO, BENEDETTO, M., Sadeghi, Petrosino, Paola, A., Ladenberger, Albanese, Stefano, M., Andersson, G., Morri, Lima, Annamaria, DE VIVO, Benedetto, A., Arnoldussen, R., Baritz, M. J., Batista, A., Bel‐lan, M., Birke, D., Cicchella, A., Demetriade, E., Dinelli, W., De Vo, M., Duri, A., Dusza Dobek, O. A., Eggen, M., Eklund, V., Ernstsen, P., Filzmoser, T. E., Finne, D., Flight, S., Forrester, M., Fuch, U., Fugedi, A., Giluci, M., Gosar, V., Gregorauskiene, A., Gulan, J., Halamić, E., Haslinger, P., Hayoz, G., Hobiger, R., Hoffmann, J., Hoogewerff, H., Hrvatovic, S., Husnjak, L., Janik, C. C., Johnson, G., Jordan, J., Kirby, J., Kivisilla, V., Klo, F., Krone, P., Kwecko, L., Kuti, J., Locutura, P., Lucivjansky, D., Mackovych, B. I., Malyuk, R., Maquil, M., Mclaughlin, R. G., Meuli, N., Miosic, G., Mol, P., Négrel, P., O'Connor, K., Oort, R. T., Ottesen, A., Pasieczna, V., Petersell, S., Pfleiderer, M., Poňavič, C., Prazere, U., Rauch, C., Reimann, I., Salpeteur, A., Schedl, A., Scheib, I., Schoeter, P., Sefcik, E., Sellersjö, F., Skopljak, I., Slaninka, A., Šorša, R., Srvkota, T., Stafilov, T., Tarvainen, V., Trendavilov, P., Valera, V., Verougstraete, D., Vidojević, A. M., Zissimo, Z. Z. o. m. e. n., I., Sadeghi, Martiya, Ladenberger, Anna, Andersson, Madelen, Morris, George, De Vivo, Benedetto, The Gemas Project team […, A. ARNOLDUSSEN, R. BARITZ, M.J. BATISTA, A. BEL‐LAN, M. BIRKE, A. DEMETRIADES, E. DINELLI, W. DE VOS, M. DURIS, A. DUSZA-DOBEK, O.A. EGGEN, M. EKLUND, V. ERNSTSEN, P. FILZMOSER, T.E. FINNE, D. FLIGHT, S. FORRESTER, M. FUCHS, U. FUGEDI, A. GILUCIS, M. GOSAR, V. GREGORAUSKIENE, A. GULAN, J. HALAMIĆ, E. HASLINGER, P. HAYOZ, R. HOFFMANN, J. HOOGEWERFF, H. HRVATOVIC, S. HUSNJAK, L. JANIK, G. JORDAN, J. KIRBY, J. KIVISILLA, V. KLOS, F. KRONE, P. KWECKO, L. KUTI, J. LOCUTURA, P. LUCIVJANSKY, D. MACKOVYCH, B.I. MALYUK, R. MAQUIL, M. MCLAUGHLIN, R.G. MEULI, N. MIOSIC, G. MOL, P. NÉGREL, P. O'CONNOR, K. OORTS, R. T. OTTESEN, A. PASIECZNA, V. PETERSELL, PFLEIDERER, S., M. POŇAVIČ, C. PRAZERES, U. RAUCH, C. REIMANN, H. REITNER, I. SALPETEUR, A. SCHEDL, A. SCHEIB, I. SCHOETERS, P. SEFCIK, E. SELLERSJÖ, F. SKOPLJAK, I. SLANINKA, A. ŠORŠA, R. SRVKOTA, T. STAFILOV, T. TARVAINEN, V. TRENDAVILOV, P. VALERA, V. VEROUGSTRAETE, D. VIDOJEVIĆ, A. ZISSIMOS, Z. ZOMENI, and …]
Subjects: Mineralization, REEs, GEMAS, FOREGS, Agricultural soli, Grazing land soil, business.industry, Soil science, REE, Agricultural soil, chemistry.chemical_compound, Alkali soil, chemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, Agriculture, Grazing, Soil water, Aqua regia, Economic Geology, business, Geology
Abstract: Ce, La and Y from agricultural (Ap) and grazing land (Gr) soils of Europe have been investigated using new geochemical data produced by the GEMAS (Geochemical mapping of agricultural and grazing land soils) project. Interpolated maps showing Ce, La, and Y distributions in Ap and Gr were generated using ArcView and classified with the concentration — area (CA) fractal method. The median values of the investigated elements show similar concentrations in Ap and Gr soils, while the median values obtained by XRF-total analyses are generally higher than those obtained by aqua regia extraction, ICP-MS (aqua regia). In general, high pH alkaline soils have higher REE concentrations while specific anomalies can often be correlated with known phosphate and REE mineralizations. The GEMAS and the topsoils media from the FOREGS (Forum of European Geological Surveys) Project databases are compared. FOREGS geochemical data shows larger extended anomalies, such as the European wide north–south division, which are difficult to attribute to local processes, while the GEMAS anomalies are spatially more restricted, and can be related to a number of more local factors (e.g., climate, geology, pH, clay content and presence of till).
Published: 2013

14. The use of diffuse reflectance mid-infrared spectroscopy for the prediction of the concentration of chemical elements estimated by X-ray fluorescence in agricultural and grazing European soils

Author: Soriano Disla J. M., Janik L., McLaughlin M. J., Forrester S., Kirby J., Reimann C., the EuroGeoSurvey GEMAS project team S. Albanese, M. Andersson, A. Arnoldussen, R. Baritz, M. J. Batista, A. Bel lan, M. Birke, D. Cicchella, A. Demetriades, B. De Vivo, W. De Vos, R. Dohrmann, M. Duris, A. Dusza Dobek, O. A. Eggen, M. Eklund, V. Ernstsen, P. Filzmoser, T. E. Finne, D. Flight, M. Fuchs, U. Fugedi, A. Gilucis, M. Gosar, V. Gregorauskiene, A. Gulan, J. Halamid, E. Haslinger, P. Hayoz, G. Hobiger, R. Hoffmann, J. Hoogewerff, H. Hrvatovic, S. Husnjak, C. C. Johnson, G. Jordan, J. Kivisilla, V. Klos, F. Krone, P. Kwecko, L. Kuti, A. Ladenberger, A. Lima, J. Locutura, P. Lucivjansky, D. Mackovych, B. I. Malyuk, R. Maquil, R. G. Meuli, N. Miosic, G. Mol, P. Négrel, P. O’Connor, K. Oorts, R. T. Ottesen, A. Pasieczna, V. Petersell, S. Pfleiderer, M. Ponhavic, C. Prazeres, U. Rauch, I. Salpeteur, A. Schedl, A. Scheib, I. Schoeters, P. Sefcik, E. Sellersjö, F. Skopljak, I. Slaninka, A. Šorša, R. Srvkota, T. Stafilov, T. Tarvainen, V. Trendavilov, P. Valera, V. Verougstraete, D. Vidojevid, A. M. Zissimos, Z. Zomeni, DINELLI, ENRICO, Soriano-Disla J.M., Janik L., McLaughlin M.J., Forrester S., Kirby J., Reimann C., the EuroGeoSurvey GEMAS project team S. Albanese, M. Andersson, A. Arnoldussen, R. Baritz, M.J. Batista, A. Bel-lan, M. Birke, D. Cicchella, A. Demetriade, E. Dinelli, B. De Vivo, W. De Vo, R. Dohrmann, M. Duri, A. Dusza-Dobek, O.A. Eggen, M. Eklund, V. Ernstsen, P. Filzmoser, T.E. Finne, D. Flight, M. Fuch, U. Fugedi, A. Giluci, M. Gosar, V. Gregorauskiene, A. Gulan, J. Halamid, E. Haslinger, P. Hayoz, G. Hobiger, R. Hoffmann, J. Hoogewerff, H. Hrvatovic, S. Husnjak, C.C. Johnson, G. Jordan, J. Kivisilla, V. Klo, F. Krone, P. Kwecko, L. Kuti, A. Ladenberger, A. Lima, J. Locutura, P. Lucivjansky, D. Mackovych, B.I. Malyuk, R. Maquil, R.G. Meuli, N. Miosic, G. Mol, P. Négrel, P. O’Connor, K. Oort, R.T. Ottesen, A. Pasieczna, V. Petersell, S. Pfleiderer, M. Ponhavic, C. Prazere, U. Rauch, I. Salpeteur, A. Schedl, A. Scheib, I. Schoeter, P. Sefcik, E. Sellersjö, F. Skopljak, I. Slaninka, A. Šorša, R. Srvkota, T. Stafilov, T. Tarvainen, V. Trendavilov, P. Valera, V. Verougstraete, D. Vidojevid, A.M. Zissimo, Z. Zomeni., J. M., Soriano Disla, L., Janik, M. J., Mclaughlin, S., Forrester, J. K., Kirby, C., Reimann, Albanese, Stefano, M., Andersson, A., Arnoldussen, R., Baritz, M. J., Batista, A., Bel???lan, M., Birke, D., Cicchella, A., Demetriade, E., Dinelli, DE VIVO, Benedetto, W., De Vo, M., Duri, A., Dusza Dobek, O. A., Eggen, M., Eklund, V., Ernstsen, P., Filzmoser, T. E., Finne, D., Flight, M., Fuch, U., Fugedi, A., Giluci, M., Gosar, V., Gregorauskiene, A., Gulan, J., Halamid, E., Haslinger, P., Hayoz, G., Hobiger, R., Hoffmann, J., Hoogewerff, H., Hrvatovic, S., Husnjak, C. C., Johnson, G., Jordan, J., Kivisilla, V., Klo, F., Krone, P., Kwecko, L., Kuti, A., Ladenberger, Lima, Annamaria, J., Locutura, P., Lucivjansky, D., Mackovych, B. I., Malyuk, R., Maquil, R. G., Meuli, N., Miosic, G., Mol, P., Négrel, P., O'Connor, K., Oort, R. T., Ottesen, A., Pasieczna, V., Petersell, S., Pfleiderer, M., Po??avi??, C., Prazere, U., Rauch, I., Salpeteur, A., Schedl, A., Scheib, I., Schoeter, P., Sefcik, E., Sellersjö, F., Skopljak, I., Slaninka, A., ??or??a, R., Srvkota, T., Stafilov, T., Tarvainen, V., Trendavilov, P., Valera, V., Verougstraete, D., Vidojevic, A. M., Zissimo, and Z. Z. o. m. e. n., I.
Subjects: SURFACE SOILS, PARTIAL LEAST-SQUARES, Analytical chemistry, X-ray fluorescence, chemistry.chemical_compound, Pseudo-total elemental concentrations, mid-infrared spectroscopy, agricultural ans grazing land soils, Europe, EGS GEMAS Project, HEAVY-METALS, Geochemistry and Petrology, Partial least squares regression, Environmental Chemistry, Aqua regia, Spectroscopy, SINGLE EXTRACTION, Mid-infrared spectroscopy, Partial Least square, Cross-validation, COMPOSITIONAL DATA, Pollution, Fluorescence, CONTAMINATION, chemistry, Soil water, Diffuse reflection, Compositional data, BASE-LINE CONCENTRATIONS
Abstract: The aim of this study was to develop partial least squares (PLS) models to predict the concentrations of 45 elements in soils extracted with aqua regia (AR) using mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy. A total of 4130 soils from the GEMAS European soil sampling program (geochemical mapping of agricultural soils and grazing land of Europe) were selected and MIR spectroscopy used for the development of models to predict Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hg, In, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Sn, Sr, Th, Ti, Tl, U, V, W, Y, Zn and Zr concentrations extracted by AR. From the full soil set, 1000 samples were randomly selected for the development of the calibration models, with the remaining 3130 samples used for model validation. Partial least-squares calibration models were used to relate the infrared (IR) spectra and the elemental concentrations in soils. The PLS calibrations were validated using cross validation and elements classified as a function of residual predictive deviation (RPD) values and R2 of the predictions. According to the RPD and R2 values of the validations, the 45 elements were allocated into two main groups; Group 1 (successful calibrations), 30 elements including those elements with RPD and R2 values equal or higher than 1.5 and 0.55, respectively: Ca (3.3, 0.91), Mg (2.5, 0.84), Al (2.4, 0.82), Fe (2.2, 0.79), Ga (2.2, 0.79), Co (2.1, 0.77), Sc (2.1, 0.77), Ni (2.0, 0.76), Ti (2.0, 0.75), Li (1.9, 0.73), Sr (1.9, 0.73), Cr (1.8, 0.69), Th (1.8, 0.69), K (1.8, 0.68), Be (1.7, 0.66), V (1.7, 0.63), S (1.6, 0.64), B (1.6, 0.62), Y (1.6, 0.61), Zn (1.6, 0.61), Rb (1.6, 0.61), Zr (1.6, 0.59), Na (1.5, 0.57), In (1.5, 0.57), Nb (1.5, 0.57), Cs (1.5, 0.57), Ce (1.5, 0.56), Cu (1.5, 0.56), Bi (1.5, 0.55) and Mn (1.5, 0.55); and group 2 for 15 elements with RPD and R2 values lower than 1.5 and 0.55, respectively: As (1.4, 0.52), La (1.4, 0.52), Ba (1.4, 0.52), Tl (1.4, 0.51), P (1.4, 0.46), U (1.4, 0.46), Sb (1.3, 0.46), Mo (1.3, 0.43), Pb (1.3, 0.42), Se (1.3, 0.40), Cd (1.3, 0.40), Sn (1.3, 0.39), Hg (1.2, 0.33), Ag (1.2, 0.32) and W (1.1, 0.19). The success of the PLS calibration models to predict AR extracted elemental concentrations in soils was found to be dependent on their relationships (directly or indirectly) with soil components that showed significant absorbances in the MIR region.
Published: 2013

15. Arsenic in agricultural and grazing land soils of Europe

Author: Tarvainen T., Albanese S., Birke M., Poňavič M., Reimann C., the GEMAS Project Team M. Andersson, A. Arnoldussen, R. Baritz, M. J. Batista, A. Bel lan, D. Cicchella, A. Demetriades, B. De Vivo, W. De Vos, M. Duris, A. Dusza Dobek, O. A. Eggen, M. Eklund, V. Ernstsen, P. Filzmoser, T. E. Finne, D. Flight, S. Forrester, M. Fuchs, U. Fugedi, A. Gilucis, M. Gosar, V. Gregorauskiene, A. Gulan, J. Halamic, E. Haslinger, P. Hayoz, G. Hobiger, R. Hoffmann, J. Hoogewerff, H. Hrvatovic, S. Husnjak, L. Janik, C. C. Johnson, G. Jordan, J. Kirby, J. Kivisilla, V. Klos, F. Krone, P. Kwecko, L. Kuti, A. Ladenberger, A. Lima, J. Locutura, P. Lucivjansky, D. Mackovych, B. I. Malyuk, R. Maquil, M. J. McLaughlin, R. G. Meuli, N. Miosic, G. Mol, P. Négrel, P. O’Connor, K. Oorts, R. T. Ottesen, A. Pasieczna, V. Petersell, S. Pfleiderer, C. Prazeres, U. Rauch, Salpeteur, A. Schedl, A. Scheib, I. Schoeters, P. Sefcik, E. Sellersjö, F. Skopljak, I. Slaninka, A. Šorša, R. Srvkota, T. Stafilov, V. Trendavilov, P. Valera, V. Verougstraete, D. Vidojevic, A. M. Zissimos, Z. Zomeni, DINELLI, ENRICO, Tarvainen, T., Albanese, Stefano, Birke, M., Po??avi??, M., Reimann, C., GEMAS Project, Team, Cicchella, D., DE VIVO, Benedetto, Dinelli, E., Lima, Annamaria, Valera, P., Tarvainen T., Albanese S., Birke M., Poňavič M., Reimann C., and the GEMAS Project Team M. Andersson, A. Arnoldussen, R. Baritz, M.J. Batista, A. Bel-lan, D. Cicchella, A. Demetriade, B. De Vivo, E. Dinelli, W. De Vo, M. Duri, A. Dusza-Dobek, O.A. Eggen, M. Eklund, V. Ernstsen, P. Filzmoser, T.E. Finne, D. Flight, S. Forrester, M. Fuch, U. Fugedi, A. Giluci, M. Gosar, V. Gregorauskiene, A. Gulan, J. Halamic, E. Haslinger, P. Hayoz, G. Hobiger, R. Hoffmann, J. Hoogewerff, H. Hrvatovic, S. Husnjak, L. Janik, C.C. Johnson, G. Jordan, J. Kirby, J. Kivisilla, V. Klo, F. Krone, P. Kwecko, L. Kuti, A. Ladenberger, A. Lima, J. Locutura, P. Lucivjansky, D. Mackovych, B.I. Malyuk, R. Maquil, M.J. McLaughlin, R.G. Meuli, N. Miosic, G. Mol, P. Négrel, P. O’Connor, K. Oort, R.T. Ottesen, A. Pasieczna, V. Petersell, S. Pfleiderer, C. Prazere, U. Rauch, Salpeteur, A. Schedl, A. Scheib, I. Schoeter, P. Sefcik, E. Sellersjö, F. Skopljak, I. Slaninka, A. Šorša, R. Srvkota, T. Stafilov, V. Trendavilov, P. Valera, V. Verougstraete, D. Vidojevic, A.M. Zissimo, and Z. Zomeni
Subjects: arsenic, agricultural and grazing land soils, Europe, EGS GEMAS Project, Soil test, genetic structures, Fluorescence spectrometry, chemistry.chemical_element, Agricultural soil, GEMAS, Arsenic, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, Grazing, Environmental Chemistry, Aqua regia, Glacial period, Hydrology, Background value, Pollution, Grazing soil, Geochemistry, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, Environmental science, Inductively coupled plasma
Abstract: Arsenic concentrations are reported for the
Published: 2013

16. GEMAS: PREDICTION OF SOLID-SOLUTION PARTITIONING COEFFICIENTS (K-d) FOR CATIONIC METALS IN SOILS USING MID-INFRARED DIFFUSE REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY

Author: Janik, Leslie J., Forrester, Sean T., Soriano-Disla, Jose M., Kirby, Jason K., McLaughlin, Michael J., Reimann, Clemens, S., Albanese, M., Andersson, R., Baritz, M.J., Batista, A., Bel-lan, M., Birke, D., Cicchella, A., Demetriades, B., De Vivo, W., De Vos, E., Dinelli, M., Duris, A., Dusza-Dobek, O.A., Eggen, M., Eklund, V., Ernstsen, K., Fabian, P., Filzmoser, D.M.A. Flight, M., Fuchs, U., Fügedi, A., Gilucis, M., Gosar, V., Gregorauskiene, W., De Groot, A., Gulan, J., Halamiæ, E., Haslinger, P., Hayoz, R., Hoffmann, J., Hoogewerff, H., Hrvatovic, S., Husnjak, G., Jordan, M., Kaminari, J., Kivisilla, V., Klos, F., Krone, P., Kweæko, L., Kuti, A., Ladenberger, A., Lima, J., Locutura, D.P., Lucivjansky, A., Mann, D., Mackovych, B.I., Malyuk, R., Maquil, R.G., Meuli, G., Mol, P., Negrel, P., O'Connor, R.K., Oorts, R.T., Ottesen, A., Pasieczna, W., Petersell, S., Pfleiderer, M., Ponavic, S., Pramuka, C., Prazeres, U., Rauch, S., Radusinoviæ, I., Salpeteur, R., Scanlon, A., Schedl, A.J., Scheib, I., Schoeters, P., Sefèik, E., Sellersjö, F., Skopljak, I., Slaninka, A., ?or?a, R., Srvkota, T., Stafilov, T., Tarvainen, V., Trendavilov, P., Valera, V., Verougstraete, D., Vidojeviæ, A., Zissimos, and Z., Zomeni
Subjects: Soil, Solid-solution partitioning coefficients (K-d), Cations, Mid-infrared spectroscopy, Partial least squares regression
Abstract: Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models, using mid-infrared (MIR) diffuse reflectance Fourier-transformed (DRIFT) spectra, were used to predict distribution coefficient (K-d) values for selected added soluble metal cations (Ag+, Co2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Sn4+, and Zn2+) in 4813 soils of the Geochemical Mapping of Agricultural Soils (GEMAS) program. For the development of the PLSR models, approximately 500 representative soils were selected based on the spectra, and K-d values were determined using a single-point soluble metal or radioactive isotope spike. The optimum models, using a combination of MIR-DRIFT spectra and soil pH, resulted in good predictions for log Kd+1 for Co, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn (R-2 0.83) but poor predictions for Ag, Cu, and Sn (R-2
Published: 2015
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17. The EuroGeoSurveys geochemical mapping of agricultural and grazing land soils (GEMAS) - Third quality control report

Author: REIMANN C., DEMETRIADES A., BIRKE M, EGGEN O. A., FILZMOSER P., KRIETE C., THE EUROGEOSURVEYS GEOCHEMISTRY EXPERT GROUP, S. ALBANESE, M. ANDERSSON, A. ARNOLDUSSEN, R. BARITZ, M. J. BATISTA, A. BEL LAN, D. CICCHELLA, B. DE VIVO, W. DE VOS, M. DURIS, A. DUSZA DOBEK, EKLUND, V. ERNSTSEN, T. E. FINNE, D. FLIGHT, S. FORRESTER, M. FUCHS, U. FUGEDI, A. GILUCIS, M. GOSAR, V. GREGORAUSKIENE, A. GULAN, J. HALAMIC, E. HASLINGER, P. HAYOZ, R. HOFFMANN, J. HOOGEWERFF, H. HRVATOVIC, S. HUSNJAK, L. JANIK, G. JORDAN, J. KIRBY, J. KIVISILLA, V. KLOS, F. KRONE, P. KWECKO, L. KUTI, A. LADENBERGER, A. LIMA, J. LOCUTURA, P. LUCIVJANSKY, D. MACKOVYCH, B. I. MALYUK, R. MAQUIL, M. MCLAUGHLIN, R. G. MEULI, N. MIOSIC, G. MOL, P. NÉGREL, P. O'CONNOR, K. OORTS, R. T. OTTESEN, A. PASIECZNA, V. PETERSELL, PFLEIDERER, S., M. POHAVIC, C. PRAZERES, U. RAUCH, H. REITNER, I. SALPETEUR, A. SCHEDL, A. SCHEIB, I. SCHOETERS, P. SEFCIK, E. SELLERSJÖ, F. SKOPLJAK, I. SLANINKA, A. ŠORŠA, R. SRVKOTA, T. STAFILOV, T. TARVAINEN, V. TRENDAVILOV, P. VALERA, V. VEROUGSTRAETE, D. VIDOJEVIC, A. ZISSIMOS, Z. ZOMENI, DINELLI, ENRICO, REIMANN C., DEMETRIADES A., BIRKE M, EGGEN O.A., FILZMOSER P., KRIETE C., THE EUROGEOSURVEYS GEOCHEMISTRY EXPERT GROUP, S. ALBANESE, M. ANDERSSON, A. ARNOLDUSSEN, R. BARITZ, M.J. BATISTA, A. BEL-LAN, D. CICCHELLA, E. DINELLI, B. DE VIVO, W. DE VOS, M. DURIS, A. DUSZA-DOBEK, EKLUND, V. ERNSTSEN, T.E. FINNE, D. FLIGHT, S. FORRESTER, M. FUCHS, U. FUGEDI, A. GILUCIS, M. GOSAR, V. GREGORAUSKIENE, A. GULAN, J. HALAMIC, E. HASLINGER, P. HAYOZ, R. HOFFMANN, J. HOOGEWERFF, H. HRVATOVIC, S. HUSNJAK, L. JANIK, G. JORDAN, J. KIRBY, J. KIVISILLA, V. KLOS, F. KRONE, P. KWECKO, L. KUTI, A. LADENBERGER, A. LIMA, J. LOCUTURA, P. LUCIVJANSKY, D. MACKOVYCH, B.I. MALYUK, R. MAQUIL, M. MCLAUGHLIN, R.G. MEULI, N. MIOSIC, G. MOL, P. NÉGREL, P. O'CONNOR, K. OORTS, R. T. OTTESEN, A. PASIECZNA, V. PETERSELL, PFLEIDERER, S., M. POHAVIC, C. PRAZERES, U. RAUCH, H. REITNER, I. SALPETEUR, A. SCHEDL, A. SCHEIB, I. SCHOETERS, P. SEFCIK, E. SELLERSJÖ, F. SKOPLJAK, I. SLANINKA, A. ŠORŠA, R. SRVKOTA, T. STAFILOV, T. TARVAINEN, V. TRENDAVILOV, P. VALERA, V. VEROUGSTRAETE, D. VIDOJEVIC, A. ZISSIMOS, and Z. ZOMENI
Subjects: EUROPE, Pb isotope, QUALITY CONTROL, MIR, Agricultural soil, Grazing soil, GEMAS
Abstract: Evaluation and quality control results of particle size estimation by MIR prediction, Pb-isotope and MMI-extraction analysis and results of the GEMAS ring test for the standards Ap and Gr. Rigorous quality control (QC) is one of the keystones to the success of any regional geochemical mapping programme. For the EuroGeoSurveys (EGS) GEMAS (Geochemical mapping of agricultural and grazing land soils) project 2211 samples (including field duplicates) of agricultural soil (Ap, Ap-horizon, 0-20 cm) and 2118 samples (including field duplicates) from land under permanent grass cover ("grazing land" -Gr, topsoil 0-10 cm) were collected from a large part of Europe, centrally prepared (air dried, sieved to
Published: 2012

18. The geochemistry of Niobium and the distribution and relative mobility in agricultural soils of Europe

Author: SCHEIB A. J., FLIGHT D. M. A., BIRKE M., TARVAINEN T., LOCUTURA J., GEMAS PROJECT TEAM […, S. ALBANESE, M. ANDERSSON, A. ARNOLDUSSEN, R. BARITZ, M. J. BATISTA, A. BELLAN, D. CICCHELLA, A. DEMETRIADES, B. DE VIVO, W. DE VOS, M. DURIS, A. DUSZA DOBEK, O. A. EGGEN, M. EKLUND, V. ERNSTSEN, P. FILZMOSER, T. E. FINNE, S. FORRESTER, M. FUCHS, U. FUGEDI, A. GILUCIS, M. GOSAR, V. GREGORAUSKIENE, A. GULAN, J. HALAMIZ, E. HASLINGER, P. HAYOZ, R. HOFFMANN, J. HOOGEWERFF, H. HRVATOVIC, S. HUSNJAK, L. JANIK, G. JORDAN, J. KIRBY, J. KIVISILLA, V. KLOS, F. KRONE, P. KWECKO, L. KUTI, A. LADENBERGER, A. LIMA, P. LUCIVJANSKY, D. MACKOVYCH, B. I. MALYUK, R. MAQUIL, M. MCLAUGHLIN, R. G. MEULI, N. MIOSIC, G. MOL, P. NÉGREL, P. O'CONNOR, K. OORTS, R. T. OTTESEN, A. PASIECZNA, V. PETERSELL, PFLEIDERER, S., M. POHAVIC, C. PRAZERES, U. RAUCH, C. REIMANN, H. REITNER, I. SALPETEUR, A. SCHEDL, I. SCHOETERS, P. SEFCIK, E. SELLERSJÖ, F. SKOPLJAK, I. SLANINKA, A. ŠORŠA, R. SRVKOTA, T. STAFILOV, V. TRENDAVILOV, P. VALERA, V. VEROUGSTRAETE, D. VIDOJEVIC, A. ZISSIMOS, Z. ZOMENI, DINELLI, ENRICO, Scheib, J., Flight, D., Birke, M., Tarvainen, T., Locutura, J., Gemas, Team, Albanese, Stefano, Cicchella, D., DE VIVO, Benedetto, Lima, Annamaria, Valera, P., SCHEIB A.J., FLIGHT D.M.A., BIRKE M., TARVAINEN T., LOCUTURA J., GEMAS PROJECT TEAM […, S. ALBANESE, M. ANDERSSON, A. ARNOLDUSSEN, R. BARITZ, M.J. BATISTA, A. BELLAN, D. CICCHELLA, A. DEMETRIADES, E. DINELLI, B. DE VIVO, W. DE VOS, M. DURIS, A. DUSZA-DOBEK, O.A. EGGEN, M. EKLUND, V. ERNSTSEN, P. FILZMOSER, T.E. FINNE, S. FORRESTER, M. FUCHS, U. FUGEDI, A. GILUCIS, M. GOSAR, V. GREGORAUSKIENE, A. GULAN, J. HALAMIZ, E. HASLINGER, P. HAYOZ, R. HOFFMANN, J. HOOGEWERFF, H. HRVATOVIC, S. HUSNJAK, L. JANIK, G. JORDAN, J. KIRBY, J. KIVISILLA, V. KLOS, F. KRONE, P. KWECKO, L. KUTI, A. LADENBERGER, A. LIMA, P. LUCIVJANSKY, D. MACKOVYCH, B.I. MALYUK, R. MAQUIL, M. MCLAUGHLIN, R.G. MEULI, N. MIOSIC, G. MOL, P. NÉGREL, P. O'CONNOR, K. OORTS, R. T. OTTESEN, A. PASIECZNA, V. PETERSELL, PFLEIDERER, S., M. POHAVIC, C. PRAZERES, U. RAUCH, C. REIMANN, H. REITNER, I. SALPETEUR, A. SCHEDL, I. SCHOETERS, P. SEFCIK, E. SELLERSJÖ, F. SKOPLJAK, I. SLANINKA, A. ŠORŠA, R. SRVKOTA, T. STAFILOV, V. TRENDAVILOV, P. VALERA, V. VEROUGSTRAETE, D. VIDOJEVIC, A. ZISSIMOS, Z. ZOMENI, and …]
Subjects: baseline studies, clastic sediments, sampling, geochemical surveys, XRF, Niobium, Geochemistry, Fluorescence spectrometry, chemistry.chemical_element, metals, Agricultural soil, GEMAS, chemistry.chemical_compound, X-ray fluorescence spectra, Geochemistry and Petrology, Loess, Grazing, Aqua regia, chemical composition, mapping, mobilization, soils, General Environmental Science, agriculture, geochemical methods, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, sample preparation, geochemical mapping, aqua regia, extractability, sediments, land use, General Chemistry, Karst, Extractability, loess, residual soils, Volcanic rock, chemistry, Soil water, till, Geochemical mapping, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, niobium, Europa, GEMAS project, Geology, soil surveys, spectra surveys
Abstract: The Geochemical Mapping of Agricultural and Grazing Land Soil (GEMAS) project provides soil geochemical data for over 50 elements at a density of 1 sample per 2500 km2 across the European continent. Median baseline total concentrations of niobium (Nb) determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry in the 95% of Nb in soils can be considered ‘immobile’. All anomalous soil concentrations can be related to geogenic processes. Many of the elevated Nb concentrations are underlain by Hercynian granitic intrusions and alkaline volcanic rocks. High Nb levels also correspond to the occurrence of residual soils over karst areas of southeast Europe and, to some extent, loess deposits of central and Eastern Europe. Lowest Nb concentrations are found in soils developed on most recent glacial sediments of northern Europe. Comparison of the aqua regia extractable concentrations of Nb in both sample types collected within, British Geological Survey, Reino Unido, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Alemania, Geological Survey of Finland, Finlandia, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, España
Published: 2012

19. New soil composition data for Europe and Australia : Demonstrating comparability, identifying continental-scale processes and learning lessons for global geochemical mapping

Author: REIMANN C., DE CARITAT P., GEMAS PROJECT TEAM, NGSA PROJECT TEAM GEMAS PROJECT TEAM: S. ALBANESE, M. ANDERSSON, A. ARNOLDUSSEN, R. BARITZ, M. J. BATISTA, A. BEL LAN, M. BIRKE, D. CICCHELLA, A. DEMETRIADES, B. DE VIVO, W. DE VOS, M. DURIS, A. DUSZA DOBEK, O. A. EGGEN, M. EKLUND, V. ERNSTSEN, P. FILZMOSER, T. E. FINNE, D. FLIGHT, S. FORRESTER, M. FUCHS, U. FUGEDI, A. GILUCIS, M. GOSAR, V. GREGORAUSKIENE, A. GULAN, J. HALAMID, E. HASLINGER, P. HAYOZ, G. HOBIGER, R. HOFFMANN, J. HOOGEWERFF, H. HRVATOVIC, S. HUSNJAK, L. JANIK, C. C. JOHNSON, G. JORDAN, J. KIRBY, J. KIVISILLA, V. KLOS, F. KRONE, P. KWECKO, L. KUTI, A. LADENBERGER, A. LIMA, J. LOCUTURA, P. LUCIVJANSKY, D. MACKOVYCH, B. I. MALYUK, R. MAQUIL, M. MCLAUGHLIN, R. G. MEULI, N. MIOSIC, G. MOL, P. NÉGREL, P. O'CONNOR, K. OORTS, R. T. OTTESEN, A. PASIECZNA, V. PETERSELL, PFLEIDERER, S., M. POHAVIC, C. PRAZERES, U. RAUCH, C. REIMANN, I. SALPETEUR, A. SCHEDL, A. SCHEIB, I. SCHOETERS, P. SEFCIK, E. SELLERSJÖ, F. SKOPLJAK, I. SLANINKA, A. ŠORŠA, R. SRVKOTA, T. STAFILOV, T. TARVAINEN, V. TRENDAVILOV, P. VALERA, V. VEROUGSTRAETE, D. VIDOJEVID, A. M. ZISSIMOS, Z. ZOMENI NGSA PROJECT TEAM: E. BASTRAKOV, D. BOWBRIDGE, P. BOYLE, S. BRIGGS, D. BROWN, M. BROWN, K. BROWNLIE, P. BURROWS, G. BURTON, J. BYASS, P. DE CARITAT, N. CHANTHAPANYA, M. COOPER, L. CRANFIELD, S. CURTIS, T. DENARO, C. DHNARAM, T. DHU, G. DIPROSE, A. FABRIS, M. F.A.I.R.C.L.O.U.G.H. S. FANNING, R. FIDLER, M. FITZELL, P. FLITCROFT, C. FRICKE, D. FULTON, J. FURLONGER, G. GORDON, A. GREEN, G. GREEN, J. GREENFIELD, J. HARLEY, S. HEAWOOD, T. HEGVOLD, K. HENDERSON, E. HOUSE, Z. HUSAIN, B. KRSTESKA, J. LAM, R. LANGFORD, T. LAVIGNE, B. LINEHAN, M. LIVINGSTONE, A. LUKSS, R. MAIER, A. MAKUEI, L. MCCABE, P. MCDONALD, D. MCILROY, D. MCINTYRE, P. MORRIS, G. O’CONNELL, B. PAPPAS, J. PARSONS, C. PETRICK, B. POIGNAND, R. ROBERTS, J. RYLE, A. SEYMON, K. SHERRY, J. SKINNER, M. SMITH, C. STRICKLAND, S. SUTTON, R. SWINDELL, H. TAIT, J. TANG, A. THOMSON, C. THUN, B. UPPILL, K. WALL, J. WATKINS, T. WATSON, L. WEBBER, A. WHITING, J. WILFORD, T. WILSON, A. WYGRALAK, DINELLI, ENRICO, Reimann, C., de CARITAT, P., GEMAS Project, Team, Albanese, Stefano, Cicchella, D., DE VIVO, Benedetto, Dinelli, E., Lima, Annamaria, Valera, P., NGSA Project, Team, REIMANN C., DE CARITAT P., GEMAS PROJECT TEAM, NGSA PROJECT TEAM GEMAS PROJECT TEAM: S. ALBANESE, M. ANDERSSON, A. ARNOLDUSSEN, R. BARITZ, M.J. BATISTA, A. BEL-LAN, M. BIRKE, D. CICCHELLA, A. DEMETRIADES, E. DINELLI, B. DE VIVO, W. DE VOS, M. DURIS, A. DUSZA-DOBEK, O.A. EGGEN, M. EKLUND, V. ERNSTSEN, P. FILZMOSER, T.E. FINNE, D. FLIGHT, S. FORRESTER, M. FUCHS, U. FUGEDI, A. GILUCIS, M. GOSAR, V. GREGORAUSKIENE, A. GULAN, J. HALAMID, E. HASLINGER, P. HAYOZ, G. HOBIGER, R. HOFFMANN, J. HOOGEWERFF, H. HRVATOVIC, S. HUSNJAK, L. JANIK, C.C. JOHNSON, G. JORDAN, J. KIRBY, J. KIVISILLA, V. KLOS, F. KRONE, P. KWECKO, L. KUTI, A. LADENBERGER, A. LIMA, J. LOCUTURA, P. LUCIVJANSKY, D. MACKOVYCH, B.I. MALYUK, R. MAQUIL, M. MCLAUGHLIN, R.G. MEULI, N. MIOSIC, G. MOL, P. NÉGREL, P. O'CONNOR, K. OORTS, R. T. OTTESEN, A. PASIECZNA, V. PETERSELL, PFLEIDERER, S., M. POHAVIC, C. PRAZERES, U. RAUCH, C. REIMANN, I. SALPETEUR, A. SCHEDL, A. SCHEIB, I. SCHOETERS, P. SEFCIK, E. SELLERSJÖ, F. SKOPLJAK, I. SLANINKA, A. ŠORŠA, R. SRVKOTA, T. STAFILOV, T. TARVAINEN, V. TRENDAVILOV, P. VALERA, V. VEROUGSTRAETE, D. VIDOJEVID, A.M. ZISSIMOS, Z. ZOMENI NGSA PROJECT TEAM: E. BASTRAKOV, D. BOWBRIDGE, P. BOYLE, S. BRIGGS, D. BROWN, M. BROWN, K. BROWNLIE, P. BURROWS, G. BURTON, J. BYASS, P. DE CARITAT, N. CHANTHAPANYA, M. COOPER, L. CRANFIELD, S. CURTIS, T. DENARO, C. DHNARAM, T. DHU, G. DIPROSE, A. FABRIS, M. FAIRCLOUGH. S. FANNING, R. FIDLER, M. FITZELL, P. FLITCROFT, C. FRICKE, D. FULTON, J. FURLONGER, G. GORDON, A. GREEN, G. GREEN, J. GREENFIELD, J. HARLEY, S. HEAWOOD, T. HEGVOLD, K. HENDERSON, E. HOUSE, Z. HUSAIN, B. KRSTESKA, J. LAM, R. LANGFORD, T. LAVIGNE, B. LINEHAN, M. LIVINGSTONE, A. LUKSS, R. MAIER, A. MAKUEI, L. MCCABE, P. MCDONALD, D. MCILROY, D. MCINTYRE, P. MORRIS, G. O’CONNELL, B. PAPPAS, J. PARSONS, C. PETRICK, B. POIGNAND, R. ROBERTS, J. RYLE, A. SEYMON, K. SHERRY, J. SKINNER, M. SMITH, C. STRICKLAND, S. SUTTON, R. SWINDELL, H. TAIT, J. TANG, A. THOMSON, C. THUN, B. UPPILL, K. WALL, J. WATKINS, T. WATSON, L. WEBBER, A. WHITING, J. WILFORD, T. WILSON, and A. WYGRALAK
Subjects: Geologic Sediments, Environmental Engineering, topsoil, Geochemistry, Mineralogy, trace elements, Weathering, regolith, Major element, chemistry.chemical_compound, Soil, Environmental Chemistry, Aqua regia, Soil composition, Glacial period, Loss on ignition, quality control, geochemistry, major elements, tTrace elements, Waste Management and Disposal, Geography, Comparability, Australia, Geology, Pollution, Europe, chemistry, Soil composition, Europe, Australia, Soil water, Scale (map), Europa
Abstract: New geochemical data from two continental-scale soil surveys in Europe and Australia are compared. Internal project standards were exchanged to assess comparability of analytical results. The total concentration of 26 oxides/elements (Al2O3, As, Ba, CaO, Ce, Co, Cr, Fe2O3, Ga, K2O, MgO, MnO, Na2O, Nb, Ni, P2O5, Pb, Rb, SiO2, Sr, Th, TiO2, V, Y, Zn, and Zr), Loss On Ignition (LOI) and pH are demonstrated to be comparable. Additionally, directly comparable data for 14 elements in an aqua regia extraction (Ag, As, Bi, Cd, Ce, Co, Cs, Cu, Fe, La, Li, Mn, Mo, and Pb) are provided for both continents. Median soil compositions are close, though generally Australian soils are depleted in all elements with the exception of SiO2 and Zr. This is interpreted to reflect the generally longer and, in places, more intense weathering in Australia. Calculation of the Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) gives a median value of 72% for Australia compared to 60% for Europe. Element concentrations vary over 3 (and up to 5) orders of magnitude. Several elements (total As and Ni; aqua regia As, Co, Bi, Li, Pb) have a lower element concentration by a factor of 2–3 in the soils of northern Europe compared to southern Europe. The break in concentration coincides with the maximum extent of the last glaciation. The younger soils of northern Europe are more similar to the Australian soils than the older soils from southern Europe. In Australia, the central region with especially high SiO2 concentrations is commonly depleted in many elements. The new data define the natural background variation for two continents on both hemispheres based on real data. Judging from the experience of these two continental surveys, it can be concluded that analytical quality is the key requirement for the success of global geochemical mapping, Geological Survey of Norway, Noruega, Geoscience Australia, Australia
Published: 2012

20. Lead and lead isotopes in agricultural soils of Europe: the continental perspective

Author: REIMANN C., FLEM B., FABIAN K., BIRKE M., LADENBERGER A., NÉGREL P., DEMETRIADES A., HOOGEWERFF J., GEMAS Project Team: […, S. ALBANESE, M. ANDERSSON, A. ARNOLDUSSEN, R. BARITZ, M. J. BATISTA, A. BELLAN, M. BIRKE, D. CICCHELLA, A. DEMETRIADES, B. DE VIVO, W. DE VOS, M. DURIS, A. DUSZA DOBEK, O. A. EGGEN, M. EKLUND, V. ERNSTSEN, P. FILZMOSER, T. E. FINNE, D. FLIGHT, S. FORRESTER, M. FUCHS, U. FUGEDI, A. GILUCIS, M. GOSAR, V. GREGORAUSKIENE, A. GULAN, J. HALAMIZ, E. HASLINGER, P. HAYOZ, R. HOFFMANN, J. HOOGEWERFF, H. HRVATOVIC, S. HUSNJAK, L. JANIK, G. JORDAN, J. KIRBY, J. KIVISILLA, V. KLOS, F. KRONE, P. KWECKO, L. KUTI, A. LADENBERGER, A. LIMA, J. LOCUTURA, P. LUCIVJANSKY, D. MACKOVYCH, B. I. MALYUK, R. MAQUIL, M. MCLAUGHLIN, R. G. MEULI, N. MIOSIC, G. MOL, P. NÉGREL, P. O'CONNOR, K. OORTS, R. T. OTTESEN, A. PASIECZNA, V. PETERSELL, PFLEIDERER, S., M. POHAVIC, C. PRAZERES, U. RAUCH, C. REIMANN, H. REITNER, I. SALPETEUR, A. SCHEDL, A. SCHEIB, I. SCHOETERS, P. SEFCIK, E. SELLERSJÖ, F. SKOPLJAK, I. SLANINKA, A. ŠORŠA, R. SRVKOTA, T. STAFILOV, T. TARVAINEN, V. TRENDAVILOV, P. VALERA, V. VEROUGSTRAETE, D. VIDOJEVIC, A. ZISSIMOS, Z. ZOMENI, DINELLI, ENRICO, Reimann, C., Flem, B., Fabian, K., Birke, M., Ladenberger, A., Negel, P., Demetriades, A., Hogewerff, J., GEMAS Team, Project, Albanese, Stefano, Cicchella, D., DE VIVO, Benedetto, Dinelli, E., Lima, Annamaria, Valera, P., Geological Survey of Norway (NGU), Geological Survey of Norway, Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Geological Survey of Sweden, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration (IGME), IGME, REIMANN C., FLEM B., FABIAN K., BIRKE M., LADENBERGER A., NÉGREL P., DEMETRIADES A., HOOGEWERFF J., GEMAS Project Team: […, S. ALBANESE, M. ANDERSSON, A. ARNOLDUSSEN, R. BARITZ, M.J. BATISTA, A. BELLAN, M. BIRKE, D. CICCHELLA, A. DEMETRIADES, E. DINELLI, B. DE VIVO, W. DE VOS, M. DURIS, A. DUSZA-DOBEK, O.A. EGGEN, M. EKLUND, V. ERNSTSEN, P. FILZMOSER, T.E. FINNE, D. FLIGHT, S. FORRESTER, M. FUCHS, U. FUGEDI, A. GILUCIS, M. GOSAR, V. GREGORAUSKIENE, A. GULAN, J. HALAMIZ, E. HASLINGER, P. HAYOZ, R. HOFFMANN, J. HOOGEWERFF, H. HRVATOVIC, S. HUSNJAK, L. JANIK, G. JORDAN, J. KIRBY, J. KIVISILLA, V. KLOS, F. KRONE, P. KWECKO, L. KUTI, A. LADENBERGER, A. LIMA, J. LOCUTURA, P. LUCIVJANSKY, D. MACKOVYCH, B.I. MALYUK, R. MAQUIL, M. MCLAUGHLIN, R.G. MEULI, N. MIOSIC, G. MOL, P. NÉGREL, P. O'CONNOR, K. OORTS, R. T. OTTESEN, A. PASIECZNA, V. PETERSELL, PFLEIDERER, S., M. POHAVIC, C. PRAZERES, U. RAUCH, C. REIMANN, H. REITNER, I. SALPETEUR, A. SCHEDL, A. SCHEIB, I. SCHOETERS, P. SEFCIK, E. SELLERSJÖ, F. SKOPLJAK, I. SLANINKA, A. ŠORŠA, R. SRVKOTA, T. STAFILOV, T. TARVAINEN, V. TRENDAVILOV, P. VALERA, V. VEROUGSTRAETE, D. VIDOJEVIC, A. ZISSIMOS, Z. ZOMENI, and …]
Subjects: Lead, Lead isotopes, Agricultural soils of Europe, Soil test, Range (biology), Earth science, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Pb contamination, Mineralogy, edad, 010501 environmental sciences, lead isotope, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Agricultural soil, isótopo, GEMAS, Lead (geology), agricultura, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Environmental Chemistry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lead, Isotope, business.industry, plomo, Pollution, Europe, Mineral exploration, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, contaminación atmosférica, Soil water, business, Europa, Geology
Abstract: Lead isotopes are widely used for age dating, for tracking sources of melts, sediments, Pb products, food and animals and for studying atmospheric Pb contamination. For the first time, a map of a Pb isotope landscape at the continental-scale is presented. Agricultural soil samples (Ap-horizon, 0–20 cm) collected at an average density of 1 site/2500 km2 were analysed for Pb concentration and Pb isotopes (206Pb, 207Pb, 208Pb). Lead concentrations vary from 1.6 to 1309 mg/kg, with a median of 16 mg/kg. Isotopic ratios of 206Pb/207Pb range from 1.116 to 1.727 with a median of 1.202. The new data define the soil geochemical Pb background for European agricultural soil, providing crucial information for geological, environmental and forensic sciences, public health, environmental policy and mineral exploration. The European continental-scale patterns of Pb concentrations and Pb isotopes show a high variability dominated by geology and influenced by climate. Lead concentration anomalies mark most of the known mineralised areas throughout Europe. Some local Pb anomalies have a distinct anthropogenic origin, Geological Survey of Norway, Noruega, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Alemania, Geological Survey of Sweden, Suecia, Service Métrologie Monitoring Analyse, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières, Francia, Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration, Grecia, Oritain Global Ltd, Nueva Zelanda
Published: 2011

21. Concentrations in Agricultural and Grazing-Land Soils of Europe. Journal of Geochemical Exploration

Author: Martiya Sadeghi, Paola Petrosino, Anna Ladenberger, Stefano Albanese, Madelen Andersson, George Morris, Annamaria Lima, Benedetto De Vivo, A. Arnoldussen, R. Baritz, M.J. Batista, A. Bel-Lan, M. Birke, D. Cicchella, A. Demetriades, E. Dinelli, W. De Vos, M. Duris, A. Dusza-Dobek, O.A.Eggen, M. Eklund, V. Ernstsen, P. Filzmoser, T.E. Finne, D. Flight, S. Forrester, M. Fuchs, U.Fugedi, A. Gilucis, M. Gosar, V. Gregorauskiene, A. Gulan, J. Halami?, E. Haslinger, P. Hayoz, G. Hobiger, R. Hoffmann, J. Hoogewerff, H. Hrvatovic, S. Husnjak, L. Janik, C.C. Johnson, G.Jordan, J. Kirby, J. Kivisilla, V. Klos, F. Krone, P. Kwecko, L. Kuti, J. Locutura, P. Lucivjansky, D.Mackovych, B.I. Malyuk, R.Maquil, M. Mclaughlin, R.G.Meuli, N. Miosic, G. Mol, P. Négrel, P. O'connor, K. Oorts, R.T. Ottesen, A. Pasieczna, V. Petersell, S. Pfleiderer, M. Po?avi?, C. Prazeres, U. Rauch, C. Reimann, I. Salpeteur, A. Schedl, A. Scheib, I. Schoeters, P. Sefcik, E. Sellersjö, F. Skopljak, I. Slaninka, A. ?or?a, R. Srvkota, T. Stafilov, and T. Tarvainen
Published: 2013

22. Comparing results from two continental geochemical surveys to world soil composition and deriving Predicted Empirical Global Soil (PEGS2) reference values

Author: DE CARITAT P., REIMANN C., NGSA PROJECT TEAM, GEMAS PROJECT TEAM NGSA PROJECT TEAM: E. BASTRAKOV, D. BOWBRIDGE, P. BOYLE, S. BRIGGS, D. BROWN, M. BROWN, K. BROWNLIE, P. BURROWS, G. BURTON, J. BYASS, P. DE CARITAT, N. CHANTHAPANYA, M. COOPER, L. CRANFIELD, S. CURTIS, T. DENARO, C. DHNARAM, T. DHU, G. DIPROSE, A. FABRIS, M. F.A.I.R.C.L.O.U.G.H. S. FANNING, R. FIDLER, M. FITZELL, P. FLITCROFT, C. FRICKE, D. FULTON, J. FURLONGER, G. GORDON, A. GREEN, G. GREEN, J. GREENFIELD, J. HARLEY, S. HEAWOOD, T. HEGVOLD, K. HENDERSON, E. HOUSE, Z. HUSAIN, B. KRSTESKA, J. LAM, R. LANGFORD, T. LAVIGNE, B. LINEHAN, M. LIVINGSTONE, A. LUKSS, R. MAIER, A. MAKUEI, L. MCCABE, P. MCDONALD, D. MCILROY, D. MCINTYRE, P. MORRIS, G. O’CONNELL, B. PAPPAS, J. PARSONS, C. PETRICK, B. POIGNAND, R. ROBERTS, J. RYLE, A. SEYMON, K. SHERRY, J. SKINNER, M. SMITH, C. STRICKLAND, S. SUTTON, R. SWINDELL, H. TAIT, J. TANG, A. THOMSON, C. THUN, B. UPPILL, K. WALL, J. WATKINS, T. WATSON, L. WEBBER, A. WHITING, J. WILFORD, T. WILSON, A. W.Y.G.R.A.L.A.K. GEMAS PROJECT TEAM: S. ALBANESE, M. ANDERSSON, A. ARNOLDUSSEN, R. BARITZ, M. J. BATISTA, A. BELLAN, M. BIRKE, D. CICCHELLA, A. DEMETRIADES, B. DE VIVO, W. DE VOS, M. DURIS, A. DUSZA DOBEK, O. A. EGGEN, M. EKLUND, V. ERNSTSEN, P. FILZMOSER, T. E. FINNE, D. FLIGHT, S. FORRESTER, M. FUCHS, U. FUGEDI, A. GILUCIS, M. GOSAR, V. GREGORAUSKIENE, A. GULAN, J. HALAMID, E. HASLINGER, P. HAYOZ, G. HOBIGER, R. HOFFMANN, J. HOOGEWERFF, H. HRVATOVIC, S. HUSNJAK, L. JANIK, C. C. JOHNSON, G. JORDAN, J. KIRBY, J. KIVISILLA, V. KLOS, F. KRONE, P. KWECKO, L. KUTI, A. LADENBERGER, A. LIMA, J. LOCUTURA, P. LUCIVJANSKY, D. MACKOVYCH, B. I. MALYUK, R. MAQUIL, M. MCLAUGHLIN, R. G. MEULI, N. MIOSIC, G. MOL, P. NÉGREL, P. O'CONNOR, K. OORTS, R. T. OTTESEN, A. PASIECZNA, V. PETERSELL, PFLEIDERER, S., M. POHAVIC, C. PRAZERES, U. RAUCH, C. REIMANN, I. SALPETEUR, A. SCHEDL, A. SCHEIB, I. SCHOETERS, P. SEFCIK, E. SELLERSJÖ, F. SKOPLJAK, I. SLANINKA, A. ŠORŠA, R. SRVKOTA, T. STAFILOV, T. TARVAINEN, V. TRENDAVILOV, P. VALERA, V. VEROUGSTRAETE, D. VIDOJEVID, A. M. ZISSIMOS, Z. ZOMENI, DINELLI, ENRICO, de CARITAT, P., Reimann, C., NGSA Project, Team, GEMAS Project, Team, Albanese, Stefano, Cicchella, D., Dinelli, E., DE VIVO, Benedetto, Lima, Annamaria, DE CARITAT P., REIMANN C., NGSA PROJECT TEAM, GEMAS PROJECT TEAM NGSA PROJECT TEAM: E. BASTRAKOV, D. BOWBRIDGE, P. BOYLE, S. BRIGGS, D. BROWN, M. BROWN, K. BROWNLIE, P. BURROWS, G. BURTON, J. BYASS, P. DE CARITAT, N. CHANTHAPANYA, M. COOPER, L. CRANFIELD, S. CURTIS, T. DENARO, C. DHNARAM, T. DHU, G. DIPROSE, A. FABRIS, M. FAIRCLOUGH. S. FANNING, R. FIDLER, M. FITZELL, P. FLITCROFT, C. FRICKE, D. FULTON, J. FURLONGER, G. GORDON, A. GREEN, G. GREEN, J. GREENFIELD, J. HARLEY, S. HEAWOOD, T. HEGVOLD, K. HENDERSON, E. HOUSE, Z. HUSAIN, B. KRSTESKA, J. LAM, R. LANGFORD, T. LAVIGNE, B. LINEHAN, M. LIVINGSTONE, A. LUKSS, R. MAIER, A. MAKUEI, L. MCCABE, P. MCDONALD, D. MCILROY, D. MCINTYRE, P. MORRIS, G. O’CONNELL, B. PAPPAS, J. PARSONS, C. PETRICK, B. POIGNAND, R. ROBERTS, J. RYLE, A. SEYMON, K. SHERRY, J. SKINNER, M. SMITH, C. STRICKLAND, S. SUTTON, R. SWINDELL, H. TAIT, J. TANG, A. THOMSON, C. THUN, B. UPPILL, K. WALL, J. WATKINS, T. WATSON, L. WEBBER, A. WHITING, J. WILFORD, T. WILSON, A. WYGRALAK. GEMAS PROJECT TEAM: S. ALBANESE, M. ANDERSSON, A. ARNOLDUSSEN, R. BARITZ, M.J. BATISTA, A. BELLAN, M. BIRKE, D. CICCHELLA, A. DEMETRIADES, E. DINELLI, B. DE VIVO, W. DE VOS, M. DURIS, A. DUSZA-DOBEK, O.A. EGGEN, M. EKLUND, V. ERNSTSEN, P. FILZMOSER, T.E. FINNE, D. FLIGHT, S. FORRESTER, M. FUCHS, U. FUGEDI, A. GILUCIS, M. GOSAR, V. GREGORAUSKIENE, A. GULAN, J. HALAMID, E. HASLINGER, P. HAYOZ, G. HOBIGER, R. HOFFMANN, J. HOOGEWERFF, H. HRVATOVIC, S. HUSNJAK, L. JANIK, C.C. JOHNSON, G. JORDAN, J. KIRBY, J. KIVISILLA, V. KLOS, F. KRONE, P. KWECKO, L. KUTI, A. LADENBERGER, A. LIMA, J. LOCUTURA, P. LUCIVJANSKY, D. MACKOVYCH, B.I. MALYUK, R. MAQUIL, M. MCLAUGHLIN, R.G. MEULI, N. MIOSIC, G. MOL, P. NÉGREL, P. O'CONNOR, K. OORTS, R. T. OTTESEN, A. PASIECZNA, V. PETERSELL, PFLEIDERER, S., M. POHAVIC, C. PRAZERES, U. RAUCH, C. REIMANN, I. SALPETEUR, A. SCHEDL, A. SCHEIB, I. SCHOETERS, P. SEFCIK, E. SELLERSJÖ, F. SKOPLJAK, I. SLANINKA, A. ŠORŠA, R. SRVKOTA, T. STAFILOV, T. TARVAINEN, V. TRENDAVILOV, P. VALERA, V. VEROUGSTRAETE, D. VIDOJEVID, A.M. ZISSIMOS, and Z. ZOMENI.
Subjects: global soil composition, Soil test, Mineralogy, trace elements, Soil science, Weathering, regolith, chemistry.chemical_compound, Continental geochemical surveys, Soils, Predicted Empirical Global Soil, Geochemistry and Petrology, regolith, Critical Zone, geochemistry major elements, trace elements, global soil composition, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Aqua regia, Loss on ignition, geochemistry, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Bedrock, continental crust, major elements, Australia, Soil chemistry, Regolith, lithology, Critical Zone, Pedogenesis, Geophysics, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, Europa, Geology
Abstract: Analytical data for 10 major oxides (Al2O3, CaO, Fe2O3, K2O, MgO, MnO, Na2O, P2O5, SiO2 and TiO2), 16 total trace elements (As, Ba, Ce, Co, Cr, Ga, Nb, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Th, V, Y, Zn and Zr), 14 aqua regia extracted elements (Ag, As, Bi, Cd, Ce, Co, Cs, Cu, Fe, La, Li, Mn, Mo and Pb), Loss On Ignition (LOI) and pH from 3526 soil samples from two continents (Australia and Europe) are presented and compared to (1) the composition of the upper continental crust, (2) published world soil average values, and (3) data from other continental-scale soil surveys. It can be demonstrated that average upper continental crust values do not provide reliable estimates for natural concentrations of elements in soils. For many elements there exist substantial differences between published world soil averages and the median concentrations observed on two continents. Direct comparison with other continental datasets is hampered by the fact that often mean, instead of the statistically more robust median, is reported. Using a database of the worldwide distribution of lithological units, it can be demonstrated that lithology is a poor predictor of soil chemistry. Climate-related processes such as glaciation and weathering are strong modifiers of the geochemical signature inherited from bedrock during pedogenesis. To overcome existing shortcomings of predicted global or world soil geochemical reference values, we propose Preliminary Empirical Global Soil reference values based on analytical results of a representative number of soil samples from two continents (PEGS2)., Geoscience Australia, Australia, Geological Survey of Norway, Noruega, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, España
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23. Kuren in deutschen Moor- und Schlammbädern1

Author: F. Krone
Subjects: General Medicine
Published: 1934

24. Book Reviews

Author: William C. Trier, Frank R. Camp, Augustus A. Hall, Albert J. Bauer, George E. Omer, Michael B. Monias, William F. Krone, Doss O. Lynn, and Sumner C. Kraft
Subjects: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine
Published: 1966

25. Obstetrical case report

Author: W F, KRONE
Subjects: Obstetrics, Labor, Obstetric, Pregnancy, Humans, Female, Pelvimetry, Pelvis
Published: 1959

26. INDICANURIA IN DERMATOLOGY

Author: F. Krone and Ivan H. McCaw
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine, Indicanuria, Dermatology, business
Published: 1924

27. A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GYNECOLOGICAL PATIENTS RECEIVING CONTINUOUS EPIDURAL ANALGESIA (CEA) VERSUS PATIENT CONTROLLED ANALGESIA (PCA) FOR MANAGEMENT OF POSTOPERATIVE PAIN

Author: K F Krone, James C. Crews, Donald D. Denson, Richard V. Gregg, and Donna Knarr
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Patient-controlled analgesia, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Anesthesia, Postoperative pain, medicine, business, Surgery
Published: 1989

28. Olfactory processing: detection of rapid changes.

Author: Croy I, Krone F, Walker S, and Hummel T
Subjects: Adult, Female, Humans, Hydrogen Sulfide administration & dosage, Hydrogen Sulfide chemistry, Male, Olfactometry, Phenylethyl Alcohol administration & dosage, Phenylethyl Alcohol chemistry, Stimulation, Chemical, Young Adult, Hydrogen Sulfide pharmacology, Odorants analysis, Phenylethyl Alcohol pharmacology, Smell drug effects, Smell physiology
Abstract: Changes in the olfactory environment have a rather poor chance of being detected. Aim of the present study was to determine, whether the same (cued) or different (uncued) odors can generally be detected at short inter stimulus intervals (ISI) below 2.5 s. Furthermore we investigated, whether inhibition of return, an attentional phenomenon facilitating the detection of new stimuli at longer ISI, is present in the domain of olfaction. Thirteen normosmic people (3 men, 10 women; age range 19-27 years; mean age 23 years) participated. Stimulation was performed using air-dilution olfactometry with 2 odors: phenylethylalcohol and hydrogen disulfide. Reaction time to target stimuli was assessed in cued and uncued conditions at ISIs of 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 s. There was a significant main effect of ISI, indicating that odors presented only 1 s apart are missed frequently. Uncued presentation facilitated detection at short ISIs, implying that changes of the olfactory environment are detected better than presentation of the same odor again. Effects in relation to "olfactory inhibition of return," on the other hand, are not supported by our results. This suggests that attention works different for the olfactory system compared with the visual and auditory systems., (© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
Published: 2015
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29. Impact of chemotherapy for childhood leukemia on brain morphology and function.

Author: Genschaft M, Huebner T, Plessow F, Ikonomidou VN, Abolmaali N, Krone F, Hoffmann A, Holfeld E, Vorwerk P, Kramm C, Gruhn B, Koustenis E, Hernaiz-Driever P, Mandal R, Suttorp M, Hummel T, Ikonomidou C, Kirschbaum C, and Smolka MN
Subjects: Adolescent, Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use, Brain pathology, Child, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Female, Humans, Male, Memory drug effects, Neurogenesis drug effects, Neuroimaging, Neuropsychological Tests, Organ Size drug effects, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma pathology, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma physiopathology, Smell drug effects, Young Adult, Antineoplastic Agents adverse effects, Brain drug effects, Brain physiopathology, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma drug therapy
Abstract: Objective: Using multidisciplinary treatment modalities the majority of children with cancer can be cured but we are increasingly faced with therapy-related toxicities. We studied brain morphology and neurocognitive functions in adolescent and young adult survivors of childhood acute, low and standard risk lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which was successfully treated with chemotherapy. We expected that intravenous and intrathecal chemotherapy administered in childhood will affect grey matter structures, including hippocampus and olfactory bulbs, areas where postnatal neurogenesis is ongoing., Methods: We examined 27 ALL-survivors and 27 age-matched healthy controls, ages 15-22 years. ALL-survivors developed disease prior to their 11th birthday without central nervous system involvement, were treated with intrathecal and systemic chemotherapy and received no radiation. Volumes of grey, white matter and olfactory bulbs were measured on T1 and T2 magnetic resonance images manually, using FIRST (FMRIB's integrated Registration and Segmentation Tool) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Memory, executive functions, attention, intelligence and olfaction were assessed., Results: Mean volumes of left hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus and nucleus accumbens were smaller in the ALL group. VBM analysis revealed significantly smaller volumes of the left calcarine gyrus, both lingual gyri and the left precuneus. DTI data analysis provided no evidence for white matter pathology. Lower scores in hippocampus-dependent memory were measured in ALL-subjects, while lower figural memory correlated with smaller hippocampal volumes., Interpretation: Findings demonstrate that childhood ALL, treated with chemotherapy, is associated with smaller grey matter volumes of neocortical and subcortical grey matter and lower hippocampal memory performance in adolescence and adulthood.
Published: 2013
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30. Intrinsic chemosensory signal recorded from the human nasal mucosa in patients with smell loss.

Author: Ishimaru T, Krone F, Scheibe M, Gudziol V, Negoias S, and Hummel T
Subjects: Aged, Carbon Dioxide, Female, Humans, Hydrogen Sulfide, Male, Middle Aged, Olfaction Disorders etiology, Phenylethyl Alcohol, Sensory Thresholds physiology, Stimulation, Chemical, Trigeminal Nerve physiopathology, Chemoreceptor Cells physiology, Nasal Mucosa innervation, Olfaction Disorders physiopathology, Olfactory Perception physiology
Abstract: Physiological investigation of olfactory receptor function in hyposmic or anosmic patients is rare. Pioneers examined the electro-olfactogram in patients with olfactory disturbance. Although the electro-olfactogram is an established method to record olfactory responses from human olfactory epithelium, the response is only measured at specific sites of the olfactory mucosa. In contrast to that the response of the olfactory epithelium to chemosensory stimuli can be studied in a specific nasal area by means of intrinsic optical signal recording. Five functionally anosmic patients were included in the present study. In all patients, responses could be obtained following trigeminal stimulation with CO2. In some patients, responses could be obtained after olfactory stimulation with H2S and PEA. The present data show that in the studied patients trigeminal function seems to be preserved, while it appears that in some patients olfactory function is preserved to a certain degree.
Published: 2013
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31. Novel humanized and highly efficient bispecific antibodies mediate killing of prostate stem cell antigen-expressing tumor cells by CD8+ and CD4+ T cells.

Author: Feldmann A, Arndt C, Töpfer K, Stamova S, Krone F, Cartellieri M, Koristka S, Michalk I, Lindemann D, Schmitz M, Temme A, Bornhäuser M, Ehninger G, and Bachmann M
Subjects: Antigens, Neoplasm immunology, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes pathology, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes pathology, Cell Death immunology, Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte immunology, GPI-Linked Proteins antagonists & inhibitors, GPI-Linked Proteins biosynthesis, GPI-Linked Proteins immunology, Humans, Male, Neoplasm Proteins antagonists & inhibitors, Neoplasm Proteins immunology, Prostatic Neoplasms pathology, Stem Cells pathology, Antibodies, Bispecific physiology, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized physiology, Antigens, Neoplasm biosynthesis, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, Neoplasm Proteins biosynthesis, Prostatic Neoplasms immunology, Stem Cells immunology, Tumor Stem Cell Assay methods
Abstract: Prostate cancer is the most common noncutaneous malignancy in men. The prostate stem cell Ag (PSCA) is a promising target for immunotherapy of advanced disease. Based on a novel mAb directed to PSCA, we established and compared a series of murine and humanized anti-CD3-anti-PSCA single-chain bispecific Abs. Their capability to redirect T cells for killing of tumor cells was analyzed. During these studies, we identified a novel bispecific humanized Ab that efficiently retargets T cells to tumor cells in a strictly Ag-dependent manner and at femtomolar concentrations. T cell activation, cytokine release, and lysis of target cells depend on a cross-linkage of redirected T cells with tumor cells, whereas binding of the anti-CD3 domain alone does not lead to an activation or cytokine release. Interestingly, both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells are activated in parallel and can efficiently mediate the lysis of tumor cells. However, the onset of killing via CD4+ T cells is delayed. Furthermore, redirecting T cells via the novel humanized bispecific Abs results in a delay of tumor growth in xenografted nude mice.
Published: 2012
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32. Topographical differences in the sensitivity of the human nasal mucosa to olfactory and trigeminal stimuli.

Author: Ishimaru T, Reden J, Krone F, and Scheibe M
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Hypersensitivity physiopathology, Male, Nasal Mucosa drug effects, Olfactory Pathways drug effects, Smell drug effects, Stimulation, Chemical, Trigeminal Nerve drug effects, Young Adult, Nasal Mucosa physiology, Odorants, Olfactory Pathways physiology, Smell physiology, Trigeminal Nerve physiology
Abstract: The olfactory and trigeminal systems play a role in the sensation of odors. The intrinsic optical signal (IOS) imaging method allows visualization of the neuronal activity. The IOS was measured after the nasal epithelium had been exposed to olfactory (H(2)S) and trigeminal (CO(2)) stimuli. The IOS was measured in the area of the middle turbinate. The response patterns of H(2)S and CO(2) on the middle turbinate were different, and some overlap between regions of activation was also observed. The response to CO(2) (20%) on the medial side of the middle turbinate was significantly higher than the response on the lateral side. In contrast, the response to H(2)S (5.6 ppm) was greater on the lateral side than on the medial side. There were no significant differences in response between the medial and lateral sides of the middle turbinate to stimuli of lower concentration (H(2)S 2.8 ppm, CO(2) 5% and 10%). These data suggest that the middle turbinate has regions which are sensitive to both olfactory and trigeminal stimuli., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2011
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33. Patient adjustment to reduced olfactory function.

Author: Croy I, Landis BN, Meusel T, Seo HS, Krone F, and Hummel T
Subjects: Case-Control Studies, Female, Germany, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sensory Thresholds, Time Factors, Adaptation, Psychological, Olfaction Disorders psychology, Quality of Life
Abstract: Objective: To compare the importance of olfaction in daily life between patients with olfactory disorders and healthy normosmic individuals., Design: Quasiexperimental., Participants: A total of 470 individuals (235 anosmic or hyposmic patients and 235 normosmic control individuals)., Main Outcome Measures: The Individual Importance of Olfaction Questionnaire (IO) and olfactory testing using the "Sniffin' Sticks" test kit., Results: The IO scores were lower in people with smell disorders compared with normosmic subjects (P < .001) and lower in patients with anosmia compared with hyposmic patients (P < .001)., Conclusions: These scores suggest adjustment processes in the daily use of the sense of smell by patients. Patients attach less importance to their current sense of smell in daily life than do normosmic individuals. This adjustment might be an example of regaining psychological health despite acquired and long-lasting impairments.
Published: 2011
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34. A study about the frequency of taste disorders.

Author: Welge-Lüssen A, Dörig P, Wolfensberger M, Krone F, and Hummel T
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Ageusia diagnosis, Ageusia epidemiology, Ageusia physiopathology, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Taste Disorders physiopathology, Young Adult, Neuropsychological Tests standards, Taste physiology, Taste Disorders diagnosis, Taste Disorders epidemiology
Abstract: Although 5% of the general population exhibit a functional anosmia, little is known about the frequency of gustatory disorders. Whenever taste function has been tested within large sociodemographic studies, so far only short test versions were applied making the interpretation difficult. Using two psychophysical taste tests, the validated "taste strips" and suprathreshold taste solutions of the four basic tastes sweet, sour, salty and bitter we investigated 761 healthy subjects within the age range of 5-89 years. Prior to testing, all subjects rated their taste function. According to testing with the taste strips, 5.3% scored below the result considered as hypogeusia. All four taste sprays were correctly identified by 82.3% of all subjects. Results of the two taste tests correlated positively (r = 0.33, p < 0.001), and there was a significant negative correlation between age and test results. However, we never observed complete ageusia. Misinterpretations of tastes were surprisingly common. In summary, hypogeusia was present in 5% while complete ageusia seems to be very rare, in contrast to misinterpretations of tastes.
Published: 2011
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35. Comparison between odor thresholds for phenyl ethyl alcohol and butanol.

Author: Croy I, Lange K, Krone F, Negoias S, Seo HS, and Hummel T
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Differential Threshold physiology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Odorants, Time Factors, 1-Butanol pharmacology, Phenylethyl Alcohol pharmacology, Sensory Thresholds physiology, Smell physiology
Abstract: Unlabelled: Aim of the study was to compare results of odor threshold test using different numbers of dilution steps, separately for butanol and phenyl ethyl alcohol (PEA)., Methods: A total of 116 subjects participated (29 patients with olfactory dysfunction and 87 normosmic subjects). The olfactory threshold for butanol and PEA was examined with 8 (wide step method) and 16 (narrow step method) dilutions. With a delay of about 1 week, all 4 tests were repeated., Results: Test time was shortened by approximately 2 min (25%) for patients when using the wide step method. Butanol and PEA thresholds were not significantly different; in addition, a significant correlation was found between thresholds for the 2 odors (r = 0.60, P < 0.001). Threshold test with both odorants as well as with wide or narrow step method provided satisfying reproducibility (test-retest reliability: r = 0.80-0.84, P < 0.001). Patients with olfactory dysfunction could be clearly separated from normosmic subjects using all 4 different tests., Discussion: The results indicate that threshold testing with PEA is an alternative to butanol. The wide step method provided similar results as the narrow step method but required less time.
Published: 2009
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36. The influence of olfactory loss on dietary behaviors.

Author: Aschenbrenner K, Hummel C, Teszmer K, Krone F, Ishimaru T, Seo HS, and Hummel T
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Attitude to Health, Beverages, Dietary Sucrose administration & dosage, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Olfaction Disorders psychology, Restaurants, Smell physiology, Spices, Taste physiology, Time Factors, Weight Gain physiology, Weight Loss physiology, Feeding Behavior physiology, Food Preferences physiology, Olfaction Disorders physiopathology
Abstract: Objectives: To assess dietary behavior and possible changes in food selection in patients with smell loss., Patients and Methods: A total of 176 patients (114 women and 62 men) age 17 to 86 years were classified into three diagnostic groups (normosmia, n = 12; hyposmia, n = 75; functional anosmia, n = 89) according to their olfactory test scores obtained with "Sniffin' Sticks." Group differences in food intake and dietary behaviors were investigated with a specifically designed questionnaire providing a dietary alterations score (DAS)., Results: Numerous dietary changes were reported, e.g., 29% of all patients reported that they eat less since the onset of olfactory dysfunction, 39% use more spices with their food, 47% go out to eat at restaurants less frequently, 37% eat less sweets, and 48% drink less sweet beverages. Subjects with weight gain or weight loss scored higher on the DAS scale than subjects who did not report changes in weight. Similarly, DAS scale changes were more pronounced in subjects with a gradual onset of olfactory loss compared to subjects with a sudden loss of olfaction. Finally, a change of taste preferences toward savory and salty foods was observed across all patients enrolled in the present study., Conclusions: Patients with olfactory loss report alterations of dietary behaviors. Numerous factors appear to impact the results of olfactory loss in terms of changes in diet.
Published: 2008
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37. Optical recordings from the human nasal mucosa in response to olfactory stimulation.

Author: Ishimaru T, Reden J, Krone F, and Scheibe M
Subjects: Adult, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Endoscopes, Female, Gamma Cameras, Humans, Hydrogen Sulfide administration & dosage, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Male, Middle Aged, Odorants, Optics and Photonics, Osmolar Concentration, Photic Stimulation, Regional Blood Flow physiology, Stimulation, Chemical, Nasal Mucosa blood supply, Smell physiology
Abstract: Using the intrinsic optical signal the present study aimed to investigate changes in blood flow at the nasal epithelium in response to specific olfactory stimulation. Recording equipment included an endoscope, a CCD camera, and a light source of 617 nm. Two concentrations of the specific olfactory stimulant H(2)S (2.8 and 5.6 ppm), generated by a computer-controlled olfactometer, were used for olfactory stimulation. Eight healthy normosmic volunteers participated. Using 5.6 ppm H(2)S stimuli, responses were typically recorded from the olfactory cleft, middle turbinate, and middle meatus while responses were less pronounced for 2.8 ppm H(2)S stimuli. Response areas were significantly larger for the 5.6 ppm H(2)S stimuli. While further experiments are needed, recordings of the intrinsic optical signal may be used to obtain responses from the nasal cavity to specific olfactory stimuli.
Published: 2007
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38. Androstadienone odor thresholds in adolescents.

Author: Hummel T, Krone F, Lundström JN, and Bartsch O
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Odorants, Sensory Thresholds, Androstadienes, Puberty physiology, Sex Characteristics, Smell physiology
Abstract: A sex-related difference in olfactory sensitivity to androstenone has been reported to occur during adolescence. More males than females exhibited anosmia to androstenone, or an increase in androstenone threshold with age. The current study addressed the question whether similar, sexually dimorphic effects of aging over puberty can also be found for androstadienone. A total of 102 subjects participated (36 females, 66 males). Similar to previous investigations, subjects were divided into a group of 47 individuals with a mean age of 13.3 years, defined as pre/peri-pubertal, and a group of 55 subjects with a mean age of 17.1 years, defined as post-pubertal. All subjects underwent tests for verbal abilities, general olfactory function, and measurements of androstadienone thresholds. The study provided the following major results: (1) Male subjects exhibited higher androstadienone sensitivity in the pre/peri-pubertal group as compared to the post-pubertal group. This difference was not observed in female subjects. Correspondingly, a negative correlation between age and androstadienone sensitivity was found for male subjects, but not for female subjects. (2) In contrast to this sex-specific change of the androstadienone odor threshold, verbal skills and odor identification abilities increased with age in all subjects regardless of their sex. In conclusion, the present observations confirm previous research on sex-differentiated effects of aging during puberty on sensitivity towards odorous steroids. While the underlying causes are unknown, it may be hypothesized that the decreased sensitivity could result from the increased endogenous levels of androstadienone in male subjects. Future studies should include both steroid and non-steroid odorants to further explore these age-related changes.
Published: 2005
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