Search

IntroductionAlthough severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA has been frequently detected in sewage from many university dormitories to inform public health decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic, a clear understanding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA persistence in site-specific raw sewage is still lacking. To investigate the SARS-CoV-2 RNA persistence, a field trial was conducted in the University of Tennessee dormitories raw sewage, similar to municipal wastewater.MethodsThe decay of enveloped SARS-CoV-2 RNA and non-enveloped Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) RNA was investigated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in raw sewage at 4°C and 20°C.ResultsTemperature, followed by the concentration level of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, was the most significant factors that influenced the first-order decay rate constants (k) of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The mean k values of SARS-CoV-2 RNA were 0.094 day−1 at 4°C and 0.261 day−1 at 20°C. At high-, medium-, and low-concentration levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, the mean k values were 0.367, 0.169, and 0.091 day−1, respectively. Furthermore, there was a statistical difference between the decay of enveloped SARS-CoV-2 and non-enveloped PMMoV RNA at different temperature conditions.DiscussionThe first decay rates for both temperatures were statistically comparable for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, which showed sensitivity to elevated temperatures but not for PMMoV RNA. This study provides evidence for the persistence of viral RNA in site-specific raw sewage at different temperature conditions and concentration levels.

The COVID-19 pandemic brought about an urgent need to monitor the community prevalence of infection and detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2. Testing individual people is the most reliable method to measure the spread of the virus in any given community, but it is also the most expensive and time-consuming. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been used since the 1960s when scientists implemented monitoring to measure the effectiveness of the Polio vaccine. Since then, WBE has been used to monitor populations for various pathogens, drugs, and pollutants. In August 2020, the University of Tennessee-Knoxville implemented a SARS-CoV-2 surveillance program that began with raw wastewater surveillance of the student residence buildings on campus, the results of which were shared with another lab group on campus that oversaw the pooled saliva testing of students. Sample collection began at 8 am, and the final RT-qPCR results were obtained by midnight. The previous day’s results were presented to the campus administrators and the Student Health Center at 8 am the following morning. The buildings surveyed included all campus dormitories, fraternities, and sororities, 46 buildings in all representing an on-campus community of over 8,000 students. The WBE surveillance relied upon early morning “grab” samples and 24-h composite sampling. Because we only had three Hach AS950 Portable Peristaltic Sampler units, we reserved 24-h composite sampling for the dormitories with the highest population of students. Samples were pasteurized, and heavy sediment was centrifuged and filtered out, followed by a virus concentration step before RNA extraction. Each sample was tested by RT-qPCR for the presence of SARS-CoV-2, using the CDC primers for N Capsid targets N1 and N3. The subsequent pooled saliva tests from sections of each building allowed lower costs and minimized the total number of individual verification tests that needed to be analyzed by the Student Health Center. Our WBE results matched the trend of the on-campus cases reported by the student health center. The highest concentration of genomic copies detected in one sample was 5.06 × 107 copies/L. Raw wastewater-based epidemiology is an efficient, economical, fast, and non-invasive method to monitor a large community for a single pathogen or multiple pathogen targets.

Economic and Tourism Impact of Small Events: the Case of Small-Scale Festivals in Istanbul, Turkey. More and more festivals are organized every year around the world, in big cities and villages alike, due to the numerous benefits they are perceived to bring at local and national levels. While the economic and tourism impact of mega events and of hallmark events is better documented there are very few studies dealing with the economic impact of small events. Consequently, to close this gap, our study investigated the importance of small events and festivals for local economic development and as tourism attractions in Istanbul, Turkey. We used a questionnaire to interview non-local participants at three different small festivals taking place in April and May 2013. We found that, although tourists attending these festivals spend money in the local economy, the economic impact of these events is limited due to the fact that very few tourists were found to participate. The role of these small festivals as primary motivators for tourism is therefore being questioned; however, small festivals could play more important roles as secondary attractions.

Abstract Background and objective The diagnosis and treatment of benign tumors of the gallbladder and bile ducts are difficult due to their anatomical relationships with neighboring vital organs. Hemangiomas are non-epithelial benign tumors of the gallbladder. The gallbladder is an extremely rare localization for cavernous hemangiomas. To date, 7 cases of cavernous gallbladder hemangioma have been reported in the literature. Although it is seen very rarely, the main problem is that it mimics malignant lesions. Pre-operative diagnosis of gallbladder hemangiomas is difficult. Ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), and angiography are helpful in differential diagnosis. Here, we aimed to present our case, which is the first case of cavernous gallbladder hemangioma and obstructive jaundice in the literature. Case presentation A 49-year-old female patient was admitted with the complaint of pain in the right upper quadrant of her abdomen. Bilirubin levels were high due to obstructive jaundice. Abdominal CT and MRI showed an appearance in favor of hemangioma in the gallbladder. There was an increase in bile duct wall thickness on MRCP, and it was evaluated as suspicious for malignant neoplasia. The patient was operated on, and extrahepatic bile duct resection + Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy procedure was performed. As a result of histopathology, hemangioma was detected in the gallbladder. There was no malignancy in the bile ducts. Conclusion It should be kept in mind that the mass detected in the gallbladder in a patient with jaundice who is suspected of having a bile duct tumor may also be a hemangioma.

The primary objective of the current research extends beyond the examination of the impact of the protective blade on the geometric features, namely length (L) and depth (H), of the scour hole formed beneath the cylindrical submerged pipeline. It encompasses the development of predictive equations to anticipate the characteristics of H and L under steady and clear water flow conditions. To achieve this objective, a total of 80 experiments were conducted, encompassing four distinct pipe diameters (D = 3.1, 4, 4.8, 6.2 cm) on sediments characterized by an average diameter of 0.72 cm. The tests involved the examination of four varying lengths of the protective blade (e = 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 cm) at five diverse locations (A1 to A5), systematically assessing its influence on the development of the scour hole. The findings of the forthcoming research underscored the pronounced influence of both the blade's configuration (position and length) particularly with smaller values of D. In the case of D = 3.1 cm and e = 2.5 cm, the installation of the blade downstream of the pipe (A5) resulted in a notable 70 % reduction in H. Contrarily, the results revealed an opposing effect on the L. The least increase in the L occurred when the blade was installed upstream of the pipe (A1), particularly with the smallest D and e. Additionally, two regression equations were developed to predict D and L using Fr=Vgy and eD. The performance assessment, conducted during both the calibration and verification stages of precise performance.

the purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between academic resilience and academic burnout through the mediation of problem-solving ability.Research questionnaires (demographics, academic burnout, academic resilience and problem-solving ability) were sent online through Press Online software in 2021 for a sample size of 260 students of virtual medical education. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and Structural equation modeling were used to examine the characteristics of the participants, correlation between main variable and test the study hypothesis. Based on the results the model fit indices CFI (comparative fit index), NFI (normed fit index), TLI (Tuckere Lewis index), X2/DF (the ratio of X2 to degrees of freedom) and RMSEA (Root mean of square error approximation) were appropriate. it was found that the academic burnout with problem solving skill (β = -0.77), academic resilience (β = 0.26) and problem-solving skill with academic Resilience (β = 0.96) has a statistically significant relationship. Also, it was found that most of the relationship between academic burnout and academic resilience is indirect and through the mediator variable of problem-solving skills (-0.871).The results of this research determined that there is a certain group of students suffering from burnout and weak problem-solving skills, who are at risk. Screen such students and provide them with short courses aimed at developing adaptive coping skills, such as problem solving, which can prevent their academic burnout.

Introduction Nitrogen plays an important role in the uniformity and quality of citrus trees. Several studies previously reported that a low level of nitrogen in citrus trees is generally caused a reduction in yield and fruit quality (Aziz, 1997; Khan et al., 2009). In this regard, applying urea is recommended as the most suitable form of nitrogen for foliar application. The polyamines are included; putrescine, spermidine, and spermine which have been considered as plant growth regulators (Alcazar et al., 2010; Khezri et al., 2010). The role of nitrogen in vegetative and reproductive growth and yield, as well as the correlation between polyamines, flower induction and fruit set in other plants, were proved in previous studies. In this regard, the results of the current study will increase our understanding about the role of polyamines in the morphology of the tree and also the mechanism of regulating the alternate bearing of Kinnow mandarin leading to an approach method to address this problem. Materials and Methods To conduct this study a 17-year-old uniform of Kinnow Mandarin (Citrus reticulate Blanco) grafted onto Bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) rootstock, which grown in a commercial orchard, located in Dezful (Khuzestan Province in Iran). For sampling, the branches which possess leaves and nodes were selected from four sides of each tree, then leaves and nodes were collected at three different time points (one, three, and five weeks post-treatment). Samples were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen after excision and transported to the Physiology Laboratory of fruit trees within 2h for determining the N fractions and polyamines. The concentration of N in dried leaves and nodes was determined using the colorimetry technique as described by Walling et al. (1989). The experiment was set up as a factorial treatment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications to investigate the effect of different concentrations of urea foliar application (0, 0.75%, 1.5%) on nitrogen and polyamines contents at different time points (Dec 22, Jan 5, Jan 20) followed by evaluating flower characteristics and yield in Kinnow mandarin plant. Data analysis including variance was carried out using MSTATC and SAS software. To compare the mean of polyamines and nitrogen in leaves and nodes, the cut-out method was used, and also for comparison of pistil dimensions, number of flowers, and yields, Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT) was performed. Results and Discussion Results indicated that polyamines concentration and nitrogen decreased during the period of time and also, in most cases, polyamines concentration was lower in the nodes than the leaves. High levels of polyamines and nitrogen were obtained in leaves and nodes which were treated with the foliar application of 1.5 % urea concentration after Jan 20. The polyamines content in leaves and nodes was greatly dependent on the spraying time and urea concentration used. Spermine (Spm) was the dominant polyamines in leaves and nodes with the highest values of 44.01 nmol/gF.W, 34.41 nmol/gF.W, respectively. Regarding the fact that flower density was higher in trees that treated with urea concentration of 1.5 % after Jan 5 y than other treatments, however, their yield was lower than the trees that treated on Dec 22 with the same urea concentration. This was probably due to the flower abscission as well as the fruit abscission in June. The results of this study showed that the highest yield was obtained with 1.5 % urea concentration after foliar application on Dec 22 compared with other treatments. Regarding the fact that flower differentiation in mandarin occurs during the late January until late February (in Dezful conditions), it can be explained that the foliar application on Dec 22 was performed before differentiation and consequently, the trees have received their required nitrogen. Also, the low-temperature is considered as natural inducer of citrus flowering in the Dezful, likewise, foliar fertilizer application in winter along with the natural factor (low temperature) stimulates flowering in a larger number of buds resulting in increasing the flowering. As nitrogen promotes vegetative and reproductive growth, it can be said that increasing the nitrogen content of leaves followed by transfering to the nodes, increases the number of buds, especially reproductive buds, which leads to an increase in flowering and yield. According to this study, the foliar application of urea in winter with 1.5% concentration can increase yield in Kinnow mandarin trees. Therefore, polyamines can play an important physiological role in flower development of Kinnow mandarin. Conclusion In this study, we focused on the effect of the foliar application urea during winter on leaves and nodes of Kinnow mandarin trees and investigated the polyamines, Put, Spm, and Spd contents upon treatments. In conclusion, the application of foliar urea in winter resulted in the significant endogenous increase of polyamines and N in the leaves and nodes of Kinnow mandarin trees. Also, yield, flower density, and pistil diameter were increased by spraying urea. There is a possibility that free polyamines affect on physiological processes.

Abstract Sand based superhydrophobic materials, such as paraffin-coated sand, are the focus of global research to fight land desertification. The present work investigates the development of paraffin-coated sand with extending service life as well as improving and stabilizing hydrophobic property by adding plastic waste. While the addition of polyethylene (PE) did not improve the hydrophobic property of paraffin coated sand, incorporating 4.5% of polystyrene (PS) in the composition of coated sand increased the contact angle. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) indicated that PS increased the molecular orientation of sand and reduced the thickness of the paraffin coating. Paraffin on the other hand improved the distribution of PS and prevented aggregation with sand. Both FTIR bands at 1085 cm−1 and 462 cm−1 were more sensitive to change in PS contents, while other bands at 780 cm−1 and 798 cm−1 were more sensitive to change in paraffin contents. Moreover, the XRD patterns of sand were split into two components by the addition of PS indicating the transformation of morphology to less ordered or more distorted form. 2D-COS is a powerful tool to reveal harmony of components in mixtures, extract information related to the role of each of them, and help in decision-making process regarding choosing the appropriate recipes.

Background: The antioxidant activity of Bane (Pistacia atlantica) has been proved in different researches. This study evaluated the potential of Bane (Pistacia atlantica) essential oil (as a natural antioxidant) on the oxidative stability of sunflower oil. Methods: The essence of Bane was added to sunflower oil at concentrations of 200, 400,600,800, and 1,000 ppm. Tertiary Butyl Hydroquinone (TBHQ) was applied as synthetic antioxidant. All samples with the control were stored at 65 ̊C for 20 days. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry was used for the essence analysis. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, rancimat, p-anisidine value (P-AnVs), and peroxide value (PV) were determined to assess the efficacy of differecnt concentration of essence (200, 400,600,800, and 1,000 ppm). Data were analyzed by Statistical Analysis System (SAS) version 9 Software. Results: The essential oil yield was 0.1% v/w. The basic components of essence were monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. Synthetic antioxidant had the highest scavenging activity, followed by the mixture sample. PVs were in the range of 19.56-20.73 milliequivalents (meq)/kg for the treated samples after 20 days, while it was 38.74 on the 20th day for the control. For all treatments, PV was increased with increasing storage time. P-AnVs were 8.58-17.14 for stabilized samples and 18.02 for control sample on the 20th day of storage. In all stages, control sample had the highest P-AnV. For all samples, P-AnV increased as a subject of storage time. Conclusion: P. atlantica (Bane) essential oil had a stabilizing effect on sunflower oil and can be used as a natural antioxidant to stabilize edible oil during storage. DOI: 10.18502/jfqhc.10.1.11985

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of vitamin E (Alpha tocopherol acetate) supplementation and melatonin implants on growth performance, and meat quality traits of Awassi male lambs fed by a high and normal energy concentrated diet in Iraq. Lambs were divided equally to two main groups to be fed either high or normal energy diet ,and each of them divided in to five treatment, the first as a control (T1,T6),two level of melatonin (18, 36mg/lamb) were applied to (T2,T3,T7,T8) and two level of vitamin E (200,400mg/lamb/day) to (T4,T5,T9,T10).All animals were slaughtered at the end of the fattening period. Lambs received 400 g/day vitamin E with high energy diet surpassed significantly other treatment in final weight gain, vitamin E 400 mg/lamb/day and melatonin 18-36 mg/lamb at day 14 of storage increased retail color stability. enhanced meat color parameters. Melatonin implantation 18 mg/lamb, 36 mg /lamb significantly at day 7 of storage reduced MDA value, but at day 14 of storage vitamin E 200 and 400 mg/day/lamb reduced significantly MDA value of the Muscle Longissimus dorsi (LD) during storage.

To address the global alarm of desertification and boost plant progress in arid and desert environments, super-hydrophobic sand has been suggested and fabricated in numerous researches. In the present work, sand was hydrophobized by coating with a mixture of paraffin wax and silicone oils. The contact angle (CA) of sand with 4.5 w% silicone oils increased from 143.2° to 154.2° with decreasing the chain size of silicone oil, and the further addition of 13.5 w% of paraffin wax produced a super hydrophobic sand with a CA value up to 160° comparing to 154.2° without added paraffin wax. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectra suggested the development of inter molecular forces between silicone oil and sand as well as between paraffin and silicone oil, the driving force of which was the variation in viscosity of silicone oils. The later was higher in the case of lower molecular weight silicone oil. In particular, analyzing the characteristic bands of –(CH2)n-in paraffin wax, i.e. the corresponding bands at 720, 730, 1460 and 1470 cm−1 and the two bands at 1020 and 1095 cm−1 of silicone oil revealed that two roles of paraffin were taking place. While paraffin was placed between sand and silicone oil, it coated the sand particles when lower molecular weight silicone oil was used in the first procedures, whereas it coated the higher molecular weight silicone oil in the second procedures. Molecular dynamic calculation has been performed and confirmed the previous reached conclusions and showed that paraffin molecules were encapsulated in a silicone oil shell. The average adsorption energy of paraffin and silicon oil molecules on sand particles were 29.5 and 38.9 kcal mol−1 respectively.

Copyright of Turkish Bulletin of Hygiene & Experimental Biology / Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji is the property of Refik Saydam National Public Health Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background Drug overuse or drug underuse are the most common causes of adverse drug events and can lead to hospital admissions. Using clinical pharmacists in the emergency department may improve patient safety as they are specialised in recognising of adverse drug events and tackling drug overuse and drug underuse. This study tested the effect of an emergency department pharmacist on the number of medication changes for drug overuse and drug underuse taking place in patients with an adverse drug event-related hospitalisation following an emergency department visit. Methods A multicenter prospective non-randomized controlled intervention study was conducted in a university hospital and a general teaching hospital. Trained emergency department pharmacists included patients in the intervention group with a hospital admission related to an adverse drug event. The interdisciplinary intervention consisted of a pharmacist-led medication review, patient counselling regarding medication, and information transmission to general practitioners and community pharmacies after discharge. The control patients were also admitted after an emergency department visit and received the usual care. The primary outcome was the number of medication changes for drug overuse and drug underuse that took place during hospital admission and persisted 6 months thereafter. Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate the difference in these medication changes between the intervention group and the control group. Results A total of 216 patients were included (intervention group 104, control group 112). In the intervention group, 156 medication changes for drug overuse and drug underuse persisted 6 months after admission compared to 59 in the control group (adjusted rate ratio 1.22 [95%CI 1.01-1.49] p = 0.039). Conclusion Emergency department pharmacists do contribute to reduction of drug overuse and drug underuse of medication in patients with a hospitalisation related to adverse drug events after an emergency department visit.

Abstract Background Although medication reconciliation (MedRec) is mandated and effective in decreasing preventable medication errors during transition of care, hospitals implement MedRec differently. Objective Quantitatively compare the number and type of MedRec interventions between hospitals upon admission and discharge, followed by a qualitative analysis on potential reasons for differences. Methods This explanatory retrospective mixed-method study consisted of a quantitative and a qualitative part. Patients from six hospitals and six different wards i.e. orthopaedics, surgery, pulmonary diseases, internal medicine, cardiology and gastroenterology were included. At these wards, MedRec was implemented both on hospital admission and discharge. The number of pharmacy interventions was collected and classified in two subcategories. First, the number of interventions to resolve unintended discrepancies (elimination of differences between listed medication and the patient’s actual medication use). And second, the number of medication optimizations (optimization of pharmacotherapy e.g. eliminating double medication). Based on these quantitative results and interviews, a focus group was performed to give insight in local MedRec processes to address differences in context between hospitals. Descriptive analysis (quantitative) and content analysis (qualitative) was used. Results On admission 765 (85%) patients from six hospitals, received MedRec by trained nurses, pharmacy technicians, pharmaceutical consultants or pharmacists. Of those, 36–95% (mean per patient 2.2 (SD ± 2.4)) had at least one discrepancy. Upon discharge, these numbers were among 632 (70%) of patients, 5–28% (mean per patient 0.7 (SD 1.2)). Optimizations in pharmacotherapy were implemented for 2% (0.4–3.7 interventions per patient upon admission) to 95% (0.1–1.7 interventions per patient upon discharge) of patients. The main themes explaining differences in numbers of interventions were patient-mix, the type of healthcare professionals involved, where and when patient interviews for MedRec were performed and finally, embedding and extent of medication optimization. Conclusions Hospitals differed greatly in the number of interventions performed during MedRec. Differences in execution of MedRec and local context determines the number of interventions. This study can support hospitals who want to optimize MedRec processes.

Abstract Introduction Approximately two-thirds of the patients admitted to the hospital with an ischemic stroke are discharged directly home. Discontinuity of care may result in avoidable patient harm, re-admissions and even death. We hypothesized that the transfer of information is most essential in this patient group since any future care for these patients relies solely on the information that is available to the care provider responsible at that time. Aim The objective of this study was to evaluate the continuity of transmural care in ischemic stroke patients by assessing 1) the transfer of clinical information through discharge letters to general practitioners (GPs), 2) subsequent documentation of this information and early follow-up by GPs and 3) the documentation of medication-related information in discharge letters, at GPs and community pharmacies (CPs). Methods This prospective cohort study was conducted from September 2019 through March 2020 in OLVG, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, in patients with a first stroke discharged directly home. Outcome measures were derived from national guidelines and regional agreements. Results were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Results A total of 33 patients were included. Discharge letters (n = 33) and outpatient clinic letters (n = 24) to GPs contained most of the essential items, but 16% (n = 9) of the letters were sent in time. GPs (n = 31) infrequently adhered to guidelines since 10% (n = 3) of the diagnoses were registered using the correct code and 55% (n = 17) of the patients received follow-up shortly after discharge. Medication overviews were inaccurately communicated to GPs since 62% (n = 150) of all prescriptions (n = 243) were correctly noted in the discharge letter. Further loss of information was seen as only 39% (n = 95) of all prescriptions were documented correctly in GP overviews. We found that 59% (n = 144) of the prescriptions were documented correctly in CP overviews. Conclusion In this study, we found that discontinuity of care occurred to a varying extent throughout transmural care in patients with a first stroke who were discharged home.

The exosomal transfer of miRNAs from tumor cells is considered to modulate VEGF expression and angiogenesis in endothelial cells. The aim of our investigation was to focus exclusively on the ability of specific exosomal miR329 to regulate angiogenesis within breast tumor. All experiments were done on MCF-7 and HUVEC cell lines. Exosomes were derived from MCF-7 cells both untreated and treated with tamoxifen that is an effecrive suppressor of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. The level of miR32 and its targeted genes VEGF and lysine (K)-specific demethylase 1A (KDM1A) expression was estimated with q-RT-PCR. The PKH26 red fluorescent labeling kit was used to label the isolated exosomes and monitor their uptake. It was shown that the relative amount of miR-329 in exosomes was twice as large as in breast cancer cells. Fluorescence microscopy imaging presented that exosomes from MCF-7 cells were able to penetrate into endothelial cells and concentrate in the cytoplasm. It was observed that exosomes derived from untreated breast cancer cells induced KDM1A and VEGF gene expressions whereas exosomes from tamoxifen-treated cancer cells induced time-dependent decrease of KDM1A and VEGF expression in endothelial cells. It is assumed that the transfer of miR-329 containing exosomes from tamoxifen treated breast cancer cells to the endothelial cells could repress angiogenic molecular signaling pathway and be used as a supplementary strategy in breast cancer treatment.

Introduction In schizophrenia research, little is known about the relationship of environmental exposures with social cognition deficits. Objectives We aimed to investigate the relationship between social cognitive performance and well-defined environmental risk factors (childhood adversities, birth season, paternal age, obstetric complications, urban living i.e.) in schizophrenia. Methods 54 schizophrenia patients and 37 healthy controls (HCs) were included in our study. Participants in both groups were of similar age, gender, and educational level. Two theory of mind (ToM) tests (DEZIKÖ and RMET), and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) were applied. ToM test scores among groups (patients with/ without risk factors, and HC) were compared using analysis of variance. Results Overall, the schizophrenia group scored higher on the CTQ and performed worse on ToM tests than the HCs. Patients were more likely to report obstetric complications, advanced paternal age, winter and rural birth. Both the patients having high and low CTQ scores performed poorer on the RMET and false belief test than HCs. However, there was no significant difference in DEZİKÖ-total scores of patients with low CTQ scores and HCs. Patients with advanced paternal age at birth achieved lower faux pas sub-scores. Urban birth and RMET scores were positively correlated in patients. Conclusions Our findings suggest the environmental factors such as childhood traumas, advanced paternal age, and rural birth seem to negatively affect the social cognitive performance of schizophrenia patients. Disclosure No significant relationships.

Selective laser sintering (SLS) of polymers has made possible the introduction of lattice-based cells as building blocks of polymer parts, allowing to obtain optimal specific properties. The actual mechanical performance of an SLS part is strongly dependent on the printing direction and part shape. Nevertheless, macroscopic testing is not usually possible due to size restrictions of the fabricated part, as it happens, for example, in lattice-based materials. In this case, microscopic tests performed directly on the lattice surface become fundamental. In this work, the mechanical behavior of SLS PA12 under a wide range of strain rates from 10−3 to 103 s−1 and different printing directions is characterized using macroscopic tests on bulk samples and compared with nanoindentation performed directly on the lattice material surface. An excellent correlation was found between the rate-dependent mechanical behavior obtained at the two scales, validating microscopic techniques for characterizing the mechanical response of SLS fabricated PA12 parts.