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The purpose of the following comments is to communicate some reflections on the part played by a divergence impulse in binocular coordination and in the clinical entity known as divergence excess. Duane 1 was the first to suggest that divergence excess is an important anomaly of binocular function. In his series of essays giving a new classification of motor anomalies of the eyes he divided extraocular muscle functions into hypokinesis and hyperkinesis. In the category of hyperkinesis is divergence excess, or overaction of divergence. It is characterized by the following signs : There is exophoria for distance, which is usually marked, that is, more than 4 prism diopters, with a noticeable deviation out behind the screen. The associated lateral movements are normal. Diverging prisms of more than 9 prism diopters can be overcome, while divergence of 6 to 8 prism diopters was considered normal by him. Prism divergence is usually proportionate

The divergence maximum of 96 pairs of eyes was measured by noting the greatest prism, base in, through which binocular single vision could be maintained when the test object was held 5 M. 50, 33, and 25 centimeters from the base line of convergence. It was found that the maximum possible divergence of the optic axes of the eyes is greater when the eyes accommodate for a short distance than for a longer one. The divergence is proportional to that portion of the entire accommodative power which is used for the distance of fixation. This is demonstrated by the practical identity of the graphs representing the two functions of each of 79 of the 96 patients who were studied. Read before the American Ophthalmological Society at Lucerne, Canada, July, 1934.

This paper reports two cases in which vessels and connective tissue formations in the vitreous were presumably caused by preceding intraocular hemorrhage. Interesting facts noted in connection with such cases as published in the literature are discussed.

In the first case reported, the patient noticed increase in the size of a nevus, and the eye was hyperemia A histological description of the excised mass is given. Several other nevi were left alone because they did not show signs of active growth, and this procedure seems to be in accord with the views of other writers. The controversy as to the epithelial or connective tissue origin of nevi is briefly considered. Read before the American Ophthalmological Society, April 30 to May 2, 1928.

Although pupillary reactions have been thoroughly (one would be tempted to say exhaustively) studied, I have found no reference to a publication of data on the effect of adjustment for near vision acting alone as a stimulus to pupillary contraction. As is well known, the pupil contracts when the illumination of the eye is increased and also when the pair of eyes is adjusted for near vision. To study the character of the latter reaction alone it is necessary to observe the effect on the size of the pupil of near vision in darkness. This was accomplished as follows: In a totally dark room the subject of the experiment fixed his gaze on one of the luminous characters on the dial of a radiolite watch which was held at a measured distance from the eye and in such a position that the angle between the axis of the eye and

Until we saw the two cases which we are recording, we had always tacitly assumed that the presence of an intra-ocular body could be reliably ruled out in the absence of shadows on a roentgenogram. It is our impression that this belief is rather widespread among ophthalmologists. Possibly it has been accepted without sufficient consideration because it is a convenient belief. It seems too obvious to require proof that a foreign body large enough to cast a shadow could easily be found on a properly made roentgenogram when present in the eye. We thought it worth while, therefore, to report the following two cases in detail in order to emphasize the fact that occasionally rather large intra-ocular foreign bodies do escape detection by this means. When the records of the cases are reviewed, it is clear that in retrospect a diagnosis could have been made in each one by other