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This article presents a review of the state of the art of the Wind Farm Design and Optimization (WFDO) problem. The WFDO problem refers to a set of advanced planning actions needed to extremize the performance of wind farms, which may be composed of a few individual Wind Turbines (WTs) up to thousands of WTs. The WFDO problem has been investigated in different scenarios, with substantial differences in main objectives, modelling assumptions, constraints, and numerical solution methods. The aim of this paper is: (1) to present an exhaustive survey of the literature covering the full span of the subject, an analysis of the state-of-the-art models describing the performance of wind farms as well as its extensions, and the numerical approaches used to solve the problem; (2) to provide an overview of the available knowledge and recent progress in the application of such strategies to real onshore and offshore wind farms; and (3) to propose a comprehensive agenda for future research.

Life events can include the Tuesday afternoon cooking class with the group worker or the Saturday afternoon football game, but in the sense that Fritz Redl thought of them, these activities are only threads in a fabric of living that includes all the elements of daily life: playing, working, school-based learning, learning through activities, relating with staff and peers, doing chores, solving problems, eating meals, going to bed, getting up, and other elements of a more occasional, but equally important nature, such as going on a hike, having a party, going to the movies, and taking a trip to the beach. All these "life events," as Redl called them, are essential ingredients and together create the therapeutic milieu. For kids, that milieu becomes a dynamic place--both secure and challenging--for learning new ways to manage self in relation to life. For child and youth care staff, it becomes their "office"--the place where they do their professional work. Unlike so many workers in today's residential centers whose preoccupation is control--social control, control of the group, control of individual kids for fear of what results if they get out of control--Redl's preoccupation was interaction. Many group programs for youth claim to include activities in their repertoire, but the effective use of activities in a group program, the author contends, is not just scheduling an activity. It is creating a total environment filled with life events in which staff and kids are involved together.

Development of new, faster methods of biosensor construction is a huge challenge for current science and industry. In this work, biosensor construction was carried out using a new soft plasma polymerization (SPP) method in which a bio-recognition layer of laccase enzyme was polymerized and bonded to a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) substrate under atmospheric pressure with a corona discharge jet. Laccase belongs to the oxidoreductase enzyme group with four copper atoms in its active center. Application of the corona SPP plasma method allows reduction of the time needed for biosensor construction from several hours to minutes. The presented work includes optimization of the laccase bio-recognition layer deposition time, structural studies of the deposited laccase layer, as well as study of the fabricated biosensor applicability for the determination of Rutin in real pharmaceutical samples. This method produces a biosensor with two linear ranges from 0.3 μmol/dm3 to 0.5 μmol/dm3 and from 0.8 μmol/dm3 to 16 μmol/dm3 of Rutin concentration. Results shown in this work indicate that application of the one-step, corona SPP method enables biosensor construction with comparable analytical parameters to biosensors fabricated by conventional, multi-step, wet methods.