Search

The Scorpius-Centaurus (Sco-Cen) young and nearby massive star-forming region is particularly well suited for extrasolar planet searches with both direct imaging and radial velocity (RV) techniques. The RV search, however, is challenging, as the stars are faster rotators on average than their older stellar counterparts of similar spectral types. Moreover, the RV time series show strong signatures of stellar variability (spots and faculae) and/or stellar pulsations. Our aim is to search for giant planets (GPs) and brown dwarfs at short orbital distances around star members of the Sco-Cen association. We also aim at using these data together with others available on young stars to estimate the GP occurrence rate for young stars for periods of up to 1000 days. We used the HARPS spectrograph on the 3.6m telescope at the La Silla Observatory to monitor 88 A-F Sco-Cen stars. To improve our statistics and analysis, we combined this survey with two previous surveys that focused on young nearby stars (YNS) to compute companion occurrence rates from a sample of 176 young A-M stars. We report the discovery of a massive hot-Jupiter candidate around HD 145467, together with the discovery of one probable short-period (P < 10 days) brown dwarf around HD 149790. In addition, we confirm the binary nature of eight single-line binaries: HD 108857, HD 108904, HD 111102, HD 114319, HD 121176, HD 126488, HD 126838, and HD 133574. From our sample, we obtain a GP ($m_c\in[1;13] M_{Jup}$) occurrence rate of $0.7_{-0.2}^{+1.6} \ \%$ for periods between 1 and 1000 days and a brown dwarf ($m_c\in[13;80] M_{Jup}$) occurrence rate of $0.6_{-0.2}^{+1.4} \ \%$, in the same period range. In addition, we report a possible lack of close ($P\in[1;1000] days$) GPs around young F-K stars compared to their older counterparts, with a confidence level of 95%., 40 pages, 28 Figures, 7 Tables

ObjectiveTurner Syndrome is associated with several phenotypic conditions associated with a higher risk of subsequent comorbidity. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of congenital malformations and the occurrence of age-related comorbid conditions and to determine whether the frequencies of congenital and acquired conditions depend on X chromosome gene dosage, as a function of karyotype subgroup.Design and methodsThis national retrospective observational cohort study includes 1501 patients. We evaluated the prevalence of congenital malformations and the cumulative incidence of subsequent specific comorbidities at five-year intervals, from the ages of 10 to 30 years, with stratification by karyotype subgroup: 45,X (n = 549), 45,X/46,isoXq (n = 280), 46,X,r(X)/46,XX (n = 106), 45,X/46,XX (n = 221), presence of Y (n = 87).ResultsMedian age was 9.4 (3.7–13.7) years at first evaluation and 16.8 (11.2–21.4) years at last evaluation. Congenital heart (18.9%) malformations were more frequent in 45,X patients, and congenital renal (17.2%) malformations were more frequent in 45,X, 45,X/46,isoXq and 46,X,r(X)/46,XX patients than in those with 45,X/46,XX mosaicism or a Y chromosome (P ConclusionThese data suggest that X gene chromosome dosage, particularly for Xp genes, contributes to the risk of developing comorbidities.

Context. The nearby and young β Pictoris system hosts a well resolved disk, a directly imaged massive giant planet orbiting at ≃9 au, as well as an inner planet orbiting at ≃2.7 au, which was recently detected through radial velocity (RV). As such, it offers several unique opportunities for detailed studies of planetary system formation and early evolution. Aims. We aim to further constrain the orbital and physical properties of β Pictoris b and c using a combination of high contrast imaging, long base-line interferometry, and RV data. We also predict the closest approaches or the transit times of both planets, and we constrain the presence of additional planets in the system. Methods. We obtained six additional epochs of SPHERE data, six additional epochs of GRAVITY data, and five additional epochs of RV data. We combined these various types of data in a single Markov-chain Monte Carlo analysis to constrain the orbital parameters and masses of the two planets simultaneously. The analysis takes into account the gravitational influence of both planets on the star and hence their relative astrometry. Secondly, we used the RV and high contrast imaging data to derive the probabilities of presence of additional planets throughout the disk, and we tested the impact of absolute astrometry. Results. The orbital properties of both planets are constrained with a semi-major axis of 9.8 ± 0.4 au and 2.7 ± 0.02 au for b and c, respectively, and eccentricities of 0.09 ± 0.1 and 0.27 ± 0.07, assuming the HIPPARCOS distance. We note that despite these low fitting error bars, the eccentricity of β Pictoris c might still be over-estimated. If no prior is provided on the mass of β Pictoris b, we obtain a very low value that is inconsistent with what is derived from brightness-mass models. When we set an evolutionary model motivated prior to the mass of β Pictoris b, we find a solution in the 10–11 MJup range. Conversely, β Pictoris c’s mass is well constrained, at 7.8 ± 0.4 MJup, assuming both planets are on coplanar orbits. These values depend on the assumptions on the distance of the β Pictoris system. The absolute astrometry HIPPARCOS-Gaia data are consistent with the solutions presented here at the 2σ level, but these solutions are fully driven by the relative astrometry plus RV data. Finally, we derive unprecedented limits on the presence of additional planets in the disk. We can now exclude the presence of planets that are more massive than about 2.5 MJup closer than 3 au, and more massive than 3.5 MJup between 3 and 7.5 au. Beyond 7.5 au, we exclude the presence of planets that are more massive than 1–2 MJup. Conclusions. Combining relative astrometry and RVs allows one to precisely constrain the orbital parameters of both planets and to give lower limits to potential additional planets throughout the disk. The mass of β Pictoris c is also well constrained, while additional RV data with appropriate observing strategies are required to properly constrain the mass of β Pictoris b.

Young nearby stars are good candidates in the search for planets with both radial velocity (RV) and direct imaging techniques. This, in turn, allows for the computation of the giant planet occurrence rates at all separations. The RV search around young stars is a challenge as they are generally faster rotators than older stars of similar spectral types and they exhibit signatures of magnetic activity (spots) or pulsation in their RV time series. Specific analyses are necessary to characterize, and possibly correct for, this activity. Our aim is to search for planets around young nearby stars and to estimate the giant planet (GP) occurrence rates for periods up to 1000 days. We used the HARPS spectrograph on the 3.6m telescope at La Silla Observatory to observe 89 A-M young (< 600 Myr) stars. We used our SAFIR (Spectroscopic data via Analysis of the Fourier Interspectrum Radial velocities ) software to compute the RV and other spectroscopic observables. Then, we computed the companion occurrence rates on this sample. We confirm the binary nature of HD177171, HD181321 and HD186704. We report the detection of a close low mass stellar companion for HIP36985. No planetary companion was detected. We obtain upper limits on the GP (< 13 MJup) and BD (13-80 MJup) occurrence rates based on 83 young stars for periods less than 1000 days, which are set, 2_-2^+3 % and 1_-1^+3 %., 19 pages, 15 figures

With its imaged debris disk of dust, its evaporating exocomets, and an imaged giant planet, the young (~23 Myr) β Pictoris system is a unique proxy for detailed studies of planet formation processes as well as planet–disk interactions. Here, we study ten years of European Southern Observatory/High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) high-resolution spectroscopic data of β Pictoris. After removing the radial velocity (RV) signals arising from the δ Scuti pulsations of the star, a ~1,200-d periodic signal remains, which, within our current knowledge, we can only attribute to a second planet in the system. The β Pic c mass is about nine times the mass of Jupiter; it orbits at ~2.7 au on an eccentric (e ~ 0.24) orbit. More RV data are needed to obtain more precise estimates of the properties of β Pic c. The current modelling of the planet’s properties and the dynamic of the whole system has to be reinvestigated in light of this detection. Radial velocity data of the young β Pictoris system acquired by HARPS and spanning 15 years show evidence of β Pic c, a gas giant of ~9 Jupiter masses orbiting on an eccentric orbit at ~2.4 au from the star, near the theoretical snowline. Both β Pic b and c, located close to the star, may have formed in situ by core accretion.

Context.The search of close (a≲ 5 au) giant planet (GP) companions with radial velocity (RV) around young stars and the estimate of their occurrence rates is important to constrain the migration timescales. Furthermore, this search will allow the giant planet occurrence rates to be computed at all separations via the combination with direct imaging techniques. The RV search around young stars is a challenge as they are generally faster rotators than older stars of similar spectral types and they exhibit signatures of magnetic activity (spots) or pulsation in their RV time series. Specific analyses are necessary to characterize, and possibly correct for, this activity.Aims.Our aim is to search for planets around young nearby stars and to estimate the GP occurrence rates for periods up to 1000 days.Methods.We used the SOPHIEspectrograph on the 1.93 m telescope at the Haute-Provence Observatory to observe 63 A−Myoung (ARPSYNS survey to compute the companion occurrence rates on a total of 120 youngA−Mstars.Results.We report one new trend compatible with a planetary companion on HD 109647. We also report HD 105693 and HD 112097 as binaries, and we confirm the binarity of HD 2454, HD 13531, HD 17250 A, HD 28945, HD 39587, HD 131156, HD 142229, HD 186704 A, and HD 195943. We constrained for the first time the orbital parameters of HD 195943 B. We refute the HD 13507 single brown dwarf (BD) companion solution and propose a double BD companion solution. Two GPs were previously reported from this survey in the HD 113337 system. Based on our sample of 120 young stars, we obtain a GP occurrence rate of 1−0.3+2.2% for periods lower than 1000 days, and we obtain an upper limit on BD occurrence rate of 0.9−0.9+2% in the same period range. We report a possible lack of close (P∈ [1;1000] days) GPs around young FK stars compared to their older counterparts, with a confidence level of 90%.

The impact of the stellar mass on the giant planet properties is still to be fully understood. Main-Sequence (MS) stars more massive than the Sun remain relatively unexplored in radial velocity (RV) surveys, due to their characteristics that hinder classical RV measurements. Our aim is to characterize the close (up to 2.5 au) giant planet (GP) and brown dwarf (BD) population around AF MS stars and compare this population to stars with different masses. We used the SOPHIE spectrograph located on the 1.93m telescope at Observatoire de Haute-Provence to observe 125 northern, MS AF dwarfs. We used our dedicated SAFIR software to compute the RV and other spectroscopic observables. We characterized the detected sub-stellar companions and computed the GP and BD occurrence rates combining the present SOPHIE survey and a similar HARPS survey. We present new data on two known planetary systems around the F5-6V dwarfs HD16232 and HD113337. For the latter, we report an additional RV variation that might be induced by a second GP on a wider orbit. We also report the detection of fifteen binaries or massive sub-stellar companions with high-amplitude RV variations or long-term RV trends. Based on 225 targets observed with SOPHIE or HARPS, we constraint the BD frequency within 2-3 au around AF stars to be below 4 percents (1-sigma). For Jupiter-mass GP within 2-3 au (periods below 1000 days), we found the occurrence rate to be 3.7 (+3/-1) percents around AF stars with masses below 1.5 solar masses, and to be below 6 percents around AF stars with masses above 1.5 solar masses. For periods smaller than 10 days, we find the GP occurrence rate to be below 3 or 4.5 percents, respectively. Our results are compatible with the GP frequency reported around FGK dwarfs and are compatible with a possible increase of GP orbital periods with the stellar mass as predicted by formation models., Comment: 32 pages, 21 figures. Accepted to Astronomy & Astrophysics on August 30, 2018

Context. The giant exoplanets imaged on wide orbits (≥10 au) around young stars challenge the classical theories of planet formation. The presence of perturbing bodies could have played a role in the dynamical evolution of the planets once formed. Aims. We aim to search for close companions to HD 131399, a star around which a giant planet has been discovered, at a projected separation of about 80 au. The star also appears to be a member of a wide (320 au) binary system. Methods. We recorded HARPS high resolution spectra in January 2017. Results. We find that HD 131399A is probably seen close to pole-on. We discover a low mass star companion that orbits with a period of about 10 days on a misaligned orbit. Even though the companion does not have an impact on the current dynamical evolution of the planet, it could have played a role in its setting and in clearing the circumstellar disk from which the planet may originate.

EnglishThe human perceptual system is operating an expedient processing within the early visual system. Low spatial frequency information is processed rapidly through magnocellular layers compared to high spatial frequency information, which are conveyed more slowly by the parvocellular layers. The purpose of the present paper is to assess whether low spatial frequency information elicit better emotional facial expression recognition in a classification task, relative to high spatial frequency and broad spatial frequency visual stimuli. At the behavioural level however, in support of the so-called coarse-to-fine bias (Parker, Lishman, & Hughes, 1997 ; Schyns & Oliva, 1994, 1997) obtained with non-emotional scenes, this perceptual bias may act in favour of high spatial frequency information, beyond 100 ms of visual presentation. Thus, these results point out some limits of recent studies from psychology and neuroimaging experiments supporting an automatic reflex instantiated by the Ledoux�s subcortical pathway beyond 100 ms. francaisLe systeme visuel primaire effectue une decomposition spectrale du signal retinien. L�information de Basse Frequence Spatiale (BFS) est traitee tres rapidement par les voies magnocellulaires, alors que l�information de Haute Frequence Spatiale (HFS) est traitee plus lentement par les voies parvocellulaires. L�objectif de l�etude rapportee ici est de determiner, dans la perspective du modele de Ledoux (1996), si l�information BFS permet de meilleures performances de categorisation d�expressions faciales emotionnelles (EFE), comparativement a l�information HFS et aux images integrales en condition de presentation rapide mais consciente (a 100 ms de presentation). Conformement aux donnees publiees sur le biais coarse-to-fine pour les scenes naturelles non emotionnelles (Parker, Lishman, & Hughes, 1997 ; Peyrin, Mermillod, Chokron, & Marendaz, 2006 ; Schyns & Oliva, 1994, 1997), nos resultats indiquent un avantage de traitement en faveur des HFS des 100 ms de presentation visuelle. Ce resultat limite les conditions d�application d�etudes recentes en psychologie et en neuro-imagerie qui tentent de mettre en evidence une action reflexe par la voie sous-corticale du modele de Ledoux (1996) pour des durees de presentation visuelle superieures a 100 ms.

Resume Durant les 15 dernieres annees, les effets therapeutiques de la stimulation magnetique transcrânienne (SMTr) ont ete etudies dans les pathologies psychiatriques, notamment la depression. Chez les patients âges, des donnees de plus en plus nombreuses suggerent une efficacite dans le traitement des depressions. C’est pourquoi les auteurs proposent une revue des etudes sur l’efficacite et la tolerance de la SMTr dans les depressions chez le sujet âge. Leur travail repose sur une consultation exhaustive des bases de donnees bibliographiques completees par une recherche manuelle. Quinze etudes ont ete retenues, la plupart utilisant la SMTr haute frequence au niveau du cortex dorsolateral prefrontal gauche. Bien que les resultats ne soient pas tous convergents, de plus en plus de donnees de la litterature sont en faveur d’une efficacite de la SMTr dans les depressions du sujet âge. Plusieurs parametres paraissent etre associes a une plus grande efficacite (intensite de la stimulation, nombre de stimulations et de sessions de SMTr) tandis que sont de mieux en mieux identifies les facteurs (notamment âge plus eleve, lesions ischemiques cerebrales…) associes a une moindre reponse au traitement. Des questions demeurent concernant notamment les parametres techniques d’administration des protocoles et les indications, questions qui justifient que des etudes soient specifiquement menees pour y repondre.

Context. The search for extrasolar planets has been limited so far to close orbit (typ. ≤5 au) planets around mature solar-type stars on the one hand, and to planets on wide orbits (≥10 au) around young stars on the other hand. To get a better view of the full giant planet population, we have started a survey to search for giant planets around a sample of carefully selected young stars. Aims: This paper aims at exploring the giant planet population around one of our targets, β Pictoris, over a wide range of separations. With a disk and a planet already known, the β Pictoris system is indeed a very precious system for studies of planetary formation and evolution, as well as of planet- disk interactions. Methods: We analyse more than 2000 HARPS high- resolution spectra taken over 13 years as well as NaCo images recorded between 2003 and 2016. We combine these data to compute the detection probabilities of planets throughout the disk, from a fraction of au to a few dozen au. Results: We exclude the presence of planets more massive than 3 MJup closer than 1 au and further than 10 au, with a 90% probability. 15+ MJup companions are excluded throughout the disk except between 3 and 5 au with a 90% probability. In this region, we exclude companions with masses larger than 18 (resp. 30) MJup with probabilities of 60 (resp. 90) %. Based on data obtained with the ESO3.6 m/HARPS spectrograph at La Silla, and with NaCO on the VLT.The RV data are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz- bin/qcat?J/A+A/612/A108

Due to their high v sin i , early-type main-sequence stars have been considered as unsuitable targets for radial-velocity surveys. Knowing about the presence of planets around those stars is however a key issue to understand the impact of the mass of the central star on the way planets form and evolve. We developped in recent years a method that allows to search for planets around those stars and started radial-velocity surveys focused on these targets. We report here some results obtained so far in terms of performances and detection.

Resume Le nombre de patients âges souffrant d’une schizophrenie chronique augmente ; il devrait doubler dans les 20 prochaines annees. Avec l’âge avance, les symptomes positifs de schizophrenie s’amenuisent et une majorite de patients souffrent surtout de symptomes negatifs et de deficits cognitifs. La depression et les comorbidites somatiques sont egalement frequentes. L’amelioration de la qualite des soins repose sur la prise en compte par les psychiatres des particularites diagnostiques et de prise en charge de ces patients.

Resume Au-dela de 65 ans, la prevalence de la schizophrenie est estimee entre 0,1 % et 0,5 %. La majorite des sujets âges avec une schizophrenie ont developpe la maladie avant l’âge de 45 ans et 85 % d’entre eux vivent dans la communaute. Alors que pres d’une personne sur sept atteint de schizophrenie est âgee de 65 ans ou plus, et que le nombre de sujets âges avec une schizophrenie va croitre considerablement dans les prochaines annees, 1 % seulement de la litterature s’interessant a la schizophrenie est dediee aux questions en lien avec l’avancee en âge. La schizophrenie, veritable handicap psychique, a un retentissement important sur le fonctionnement global de la personne et en particulier sur sa qualite de vie (QDV). La QDV des sujets avec une schizophrenie est determinee par de nombreux facteurs et ne se limite pas seulement a la symptomatologie presentee par le patient.

Resume Introduction De realisation aisee, le nombre de prescriptions d’anti-VEGF a fortement augmente ces dernieres annees en traitement de pathologies exsudatives maculaires. Nous rapportons la survenue d’hemorragies maculaires apres un an d’injections intravitreennes (IVT) d’anti-VEGF, principalement pour degenerescence maculaire liee a l’âge. Materiel et methode Du 15 mars 2007 au 15 mars 2008, 445 IVT ont ete realisees pour degenerescence maculaire liee a l’âge, occlusion vasculaire retinienne, retinopathie diabetique, glaucome neovasculaire et neovascularisations maculaires idiopathique et secondaire. Il s’agissait de bevacizumab dans 11,5 % des cas, de pegaptanib dans 18,6 % des cas, de triamcinolone dans 19,3 % des cas, et de ranibizumab dans 50,6 % des cas. Resultats Quatre accidents hemorragiques maculaires, fortement prejudiciables sur l’acuite visuelle des patients (20/400) avec une perte moyenne de cinq lignes, ont ete releves, soit une incidence de 0,9 %. Deux autres patients, adresses pour les memes symptomes, ont ete inclus dans l’etude. Dans tous les cas, un anti-VEGF non selectif (ranibizumab) avait ete injecte sur des yeux deja traites (4 IVT auparavant en moyenne, ± une seance de phototherapie dynamique). Chez tous les patients, etaient notes soit une neovascularisation occulte soit un decollement de l’epithelium pigmentaire vascularise de grande taille. Trois patients presentaient une dechirure de l’epithelium pigmentaire. Discussion Les IVT d’anti-VEGF peuvent favoriser la survenue de dechirure epitheliale sur des decollements de grande taille de l’epithelium pigmentaire nourris par un neovaisseau individualise de petite taille et sur de larges plaques de neovascularisation occulte. Une implication possible des anti-VEGF dans la survenue des hemorragies maculaires par deux mecanismes est evoquee : une retraction de plaque neovasculaire et une possible alteration de la vascularisation physiologique. Conclusion Complication redoutable de la degenerescence maculaire liee a l’âge, l’hematome maculaire pourrait survenir apres IVT d’anti-VEGF sur de vastes lesions occultes, deja traitees auparavant. Les decollements de grande taille de l’epithelium pigmentaire presentent un risque accru de dechirure epitheliale post-IVT. La prudence s’impose face a l’implication de la non-selectivite de l’anti-VEGF utilise (ranibizumab) dans les accidents decrits.

Resume L’objectif de cet article est de proposer quelques pistes d’explorations des bases neurales impliquees dans le syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette. Les progres actuels dans le domaine de la psychologie cognitive et des neurosciences cognitives permettent d’ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives de recherches fondamentales et appliquees. Sur le plan fondamental, le syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette permet l’elaboration d’un modele theorique unique d’exploration des processus d’integration des informations sensorimotrices, limbiques et associatives des ganglions de la base. Sur le plan clinique, la comprehension de ce modele devrait permettre en retour la mise en place de nouvelles techniques de remediations psychiatriques, neurochirurgicales et psychotherapeutiques.

Resume Le syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette est un trouble neuropsychiatrique caracterise par des tics moteurs et vocaux. Des symptomes psychiatriques, comportements repetitifs, trouble deficitaire de l’attention, hyperactivite, impulsivite sont tres souvent associes. Ils peuvent etre a l’origine d’une souffrance et d’un handicap majeurs. Differents types de traitements, depuis l’approche psychotherapique jusqu’aux medicaments, doivent etre proposes a tous les patients selon l’impact des tics et des comorbidites sur leur vie personnelle.

Resume Chez les sujets âges, la prescription medicamenteuse demande la prudence et une surveillance quotidiennes en raison de leur polypathologie, de leur polymedication et de leur plus grande sensibilite aux effets toxiques des medicaments. L’Agence francaise de securite sanitaire des produits de sante (Affsaps) a emis le 9 mars 2004, un communique de presse relatif a la securite d’emploi des neuroleptiques chez les sujets atteints de demence. Cet article presente une etude menee dans un service de psychiatrie generale a orientation du sujet âge, au CHU de Clermont-Ferrand. Le but de cette etude est de mettre en evidence l’evolution des prescriptions de neuroleptiques chez les patients atteints de demence avant et apres la parution du communique. Une analyse de la prescription des neuroleptiques chez le sujet âge de maniere plus generale a aussi ete effectuee. Enfin, cela a permis la redaction avec le service de pharmacie d’une fiche de prescription des neuroleptiques chez le sujet âge, atteint ou non de demence.

Resume Malgre les progres psychopharmacologiques realises au cours du siecle dernier, l’adaptation sociale des patients souffrant de schizophrenie reste precaire. Ainsi, le developpement de nouvelles techniques therapeutiques specifiques apparait indispensable pour limiter le handicap social de ces patients. Pour cela, une meilleure connaissance des facteurs predictifs de l’adaptation sociale de ces sujets apparait essentielle. En effet, si certains de ces facteurs ne sont pas modifiables, il est possible d’agir sur d’autres grâce a des techniques developpees ces dernieres annees et appelees techniques de readaptation psychosociale.

Introduction. We used high-field (3T) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to map the retinotopic organization of human cortical areas. Methods. Retinotopic maps were reconstructed using existing mapping techniques. Stimuli were made of a rotating wedge stimulus, which provided angular coordinate maps, and an expanding or contracting ring, which provided eccentricity coordinate maps. Stimuli consisted of a grey background alternating with a flickering checkerboard. A Brucker 3T scanner equipped with a head coil and a custom optical system was used to acquire sets of echoplanar images of 20 occipital coronal slices within a RT of 2.111 ms and an 8 mm(3) voxel resolution. Surface models of each subject's occipital lobes were constructed using the Brainvisa software from a sagittal T1 -weighted image with a 1 mm(3) voxel resolution. The cortical models were then inflated to obtain unfolded surfaces. Statistical analyses of the functional data were made under SPM99, and the response amplitudes were finally assigned to the cortical reconstructed surfaces. Results. We identified boundaries between different early visual areas (V1, V2, V3) using eccentricity and polar angle retinotopic maps and detection of reversals in the representation of the polar angle. Both complete maps and reversals corresponding to the V1/V2 borders were clearly visible with a single recording session. Also, we were able to compare data from subjects across various fMRI acquisitions and found that there was a strong correlation between maps acquired at different sessions for the same subject. Conclusions: We developed a quick (

Resume Objectif L’objectif principal etait de decrire les particularites evolutives des troubles bipolaires chez le sujet âge en termes de recurrences, ainsi que de connaitre les implications pronostiques de ces recidives. L’objectif secondaire etait une analyse diachronique de la pathologie bipolaire. Methode Il a ete mis en place une etude d’observation comparative de patients âges de 65 ans et plus repartis en trois groupes diagnostiques : troubles bipolaires (20 patients), troubles depressifs recurrents (31 patients) et episodes depressifs uniques (10 patients). Les variables retrospectives ont ete recueillies sur les dossiers hospitaliers de l’annee 2000. Les variables prospectives ont ete etudiees au cours du premier semestre de l’annee 2004 par enquete telephonique aupres des medecins generalistes referents, a qui un questionnaire avait ete prealablement envoye. Les criteres diagnostiques etaient ceux du DSM IV. Resultats Les recurrences anterieures a 2000 etaient significativement plus nombreuses chez les patients bipolaires. Il existait une correlation positive et significative entre un nombre important de recidives anterieures et un nombre important d’episodes futurs pour l’ensemble des pathologies recurrentes. Un âge de debut des troubles inferieurs a 60 ans et un nombre d’hospitalisations superieur a 5 majoraient le risque de recurrences futures de facon significative chez les patients bipolaires. Conclusion Notre travail etait en accord avec les donnees de la litterature et a confirme le poids des recurrences dans la cohorte des sujets âges bipolaires. Le nombre de recurrences passees conditionnait le nombre de recurrences futures. Il semble donc indispensable de privilegier la strategie visant a minimiser le plus precocement possible le risque de recurrences.

Single-cell dry mass measurement is used in biology to follow cell cycle, to address effects of drugs, or to investigate cell metabolism. Quantitative phase imaging technique with quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry (QWLSI) allows measuring cell dry mass. The technique is very simple to set up, as it is integrated in a camera-like instrument. It simply plugs onto a standard microscope and uses a white light illumination source. Its working principle is first explained, from image acquisition to automated segmentation algorithm and dry mass quantification. Metrology of the whole process, including its sensitivity, repeatability, reliability, sources of error, over different kinds of samples and under different experimental conditions, is developed. We show that there is no influence of magnification or spatial light coherence on dry mass measurement; effect of defocus is more critical but can be calibrated. As a consequence, QWLSI is a well-suited technique for fast, simple, and reliable cell dry mass study, especially for live cells.

In type 2 diabetes mellitus, oxidized LDL/LDL-Cholesterol ratio, an accurate estimation of in vivo LDL oxidation, has been reported elevated and associated with macrovascular disease. Because insulin therapy induces significant modification of lipid metabolism, in type 2 diabetes, we evaluated the effect of insulin treatment on oxidized LDL/LDL-C ratio in type 2 diabetic patients and analyzed the results in comparison with the modifications induced by insulin on glycaemia, plasma lipids and LDL receptors.Plasma oxidized LDL concentrations were measured by sandwich ELISA in 21 type 2 diabetic patients before and 3 months after the introduction of insulin therapy, and in 27 age-matched controls.Type 2 diabetic patients had, compared to controls, significantly increased oxidized LDL/LDL-C ratio (P0.0001). Three months after insulin treatment, oxidized LDL/LDL-C ratio was significantly reduced (21.1+/-4.7 vs. 24.0+/-5.8 U/mmol, P0.01). This reduction was strongly associated, in multivariate analysis, with reduction of LDL(TG/cholesterol ratio) (P=0.008), and to a lesser extent with the decrease of LDL fructosamine (P=0.034), but not with the increase of the number of LDL receptors.In the present study we demonstrate for the first time a lowering effect of insulin therapy on oxidized LDL/LDL-C ratio in type 2 diabetic patients. This decrease is mainly associated with the reduction of LDL TG-enrichment, and to a lesser extent with the decrease of LDL glycation, but not with the insulin-induced increase in number of LDL receptors.

We present here the detection of a brown dwarf orbiting the A9V star HD180777. The radial velocity measurements, obtained with the ELODIE echelle spectrograph at the Haute-Provence Observatory, show a main variation with a period of 28.4 days. Assuming a primary mass of 1.7 Mo, the best Keplerian fit to the data leads to a minimum mass of 25 MJup for the companion (the true mass could be significantly higher). We also show that, after substraction of the Keplerian solution from the radial velocity measurements, the residual radial velocities are related to phenomena intrinsic to the star, namely pulsations with typical periods of Gamma Dor stars. These results show that in some cases, it is possible to disentangle radial velocity variations due to a low mass companion from variations intrinsic to the observed star., 7 pages, final version, accepted for publication (A&A)

In the frame of the search for extrasolar planets and brown dwarfs around early-type stars, we present the results obtained on Beta-Pictoris, which is surrounded by a circumstellar disk that is warped by the presence of a planet. We used 97 spectra acquired with CORALIE and 230 spectra acquired with HARPS to characterize the radial velocity behavior of Beta-Pictoris and to infer constraints on the presence of a planet close to this star. With these data, we were able to exclude the presence of an inner giant planet (2 MJup at a distance to the star of 0.05 AU, 9 MJup at 1 AU). We also discuss the origin of the observed radial velocity variations in terms of Delta-Scuti type pulsations., 5 pages. Final version, accepted for publication (A&A)

Resume Les pathologies iatrogenes chez le sujet âge sont frequentes et parfois graves. Trois types d’accidents predominent : dermatologiques, du systeme nerveux, et sanguins/hematologiques. Les psychotropes font partie des medicaments les plus souvent incrimines. L’analyse de leur consommation par le sujet âge apporte des elements de reponse ainsi que celle de l’identification par les patients âges des effets secondaires et de leur gravite. Polypathologie et polymedication, frequentes a un âge avance, justifient d’anticiper la plainte et de rechercher systematiquement une pathologie iatrogene. Si les principaux signes d’appels sont souvent peu specifiques, la symptomatologie psychiatrique temoin d’une iatrogenie est a connaitre et fait ici l’objet d’une analyse detaillee, ainsi que les principaux medicaments (y compris psychotropes) en cause. En guise de conclusion, sont abordes les attitudes face a ce probleme et le role de la prevention.

Background In the context of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy, adiponectin concentrations have been shown to be related to lipodystrophy, metabolic alterations and HIV-protease inhibitor (PI) use. The replacement of PI by nevirapine has improved the lipid profile of patients under antiretroviral therapy. The aim of the present study was to examine whether adiponectin concentration or insulin sensitivity level correlate with the modifications of lipid parameters after the switch of PI by nevirapine. Material and methods The evolution of metabolic parameters before and after 6 months of substitution of nevirapine for protease inhibitors was evaluated in a cohort of 55 HIV-1 infected patients. Adiponectin concentration, insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) mass concentration and triglyceride enrichment of HDL were determined before and after the replacement of PI by nevirapine. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by the HOMA model assessment. Results Twenty-four weeks of treatment with nevirapine improved significantly the lipid profile with a significant reduction of apoB (from 0·98 to 0·92 g L−1; P = 0·005) and triglyceride (from 2·02 to 1·66 mmol L−1; P = 0·02). HDL cholesterol and apoA1 increased significantly (from 0·99 to 1·19 mmol L−1; P = 0·001 and from 1·40 to 1·57 g L−1; P

Massive, Main-Sequence AF-type stars have so far remained unexplored in past radial velocity surveys, due to their small number of spectral lines and their high rotational velocities that prevent the classic RV computation method. Our aim was to search for giant planets around AF MS stars, to get first statistical information on their occurrence rate and to compare the results with evolved stars and lower-mass MS stars. We used the HARPS spectrograph located on the 3.6m telescope at ESO La Silla Observatory to observe 108 AF MS stars with B-V in the -0.04 to 0.58 range and masses in the range 1.1-3.6 Msun. We used our SAFIR software specifically developed to compute the radial velocities of these early-type stars. We report the new detection of a mpsini = 4.51 Mjup companion with a ~826-day period to the F6V dwarf HD111998. We present new data on the 2-planet system around the F6IV-V dwarf HD60532. We also report the detection of 14 binaries with long-term RV trends. 70% of our targets show detection limits between 0.1 and 10 Mjup in the 1 to 10^3-day range. We derive brown dwarf (13 < mpsini < 80 Mjup) occurrence rates in the 1 to 10^3-day range of $2_{-2}^{+5}$% and $2.6_{-2.6}^{+6.7}$% for stars with masses in the ranges 1.1-1.5 and 1.5-3 Msun, respectively. As for Jupiter-mass companions (1 < mpsini < 13 Mjup), we get occurrence rates in the 1 to 10^3-day range of $4_{-0.9}^{+5.9}$% and $6.3_{-6.3}^{+15.9}$% respectively for the same stellar mass ranges. When considering the same Jupiter-mass companions but periods in the 1 to 100-day range only, we get occurrence rates of $2_{-2}^{+5.2}$% and $3.9_{-3.9}^{+9.9}$%. Given the present error bars, these results do not show a significant difference with companion frequencies derived for solar-like stars., 23 pages (text), 15 figures, accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysics

Laparoscopy has become the gold-standard approach for excision of benign adrenal tumors but the question of its safety for malignant lesions is still controversial. Our aim was to evaluate the oncologic outcome of laparoscopic adrenalectomy for adrenal metastasis and to look for predictors of a negative surgical outcome.We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all patients who underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy for suspicion of adrenal metastasis between 2007 and 2013 at a single academic institution. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate analysis was performed to determine risk factors of negative surgical outcome (positive surgical margins, complications, conversion, significant blood loss) and predictors of RFS and CSS.Thirteen patients underwent 14 laparoscopic adrenalectomies. All patients were operated by a single highly experienced surgeon. Complications occurred in 2 patients (15%): 2 blood transfusions (Clavien-score=2). There were 3 positive surgical margins (21%). Mean length of hospital stay was 4.3 days. Unadjusted RFS and CSS were respectively 48.4% and 83.3% at 1 year, 39.5% and 66.7% at 5 years. In univariate analysis, tumor size was the only risk factor of complication (P=.009) and conversion (P=0.009). Capsule invasion and tumor size were risk factors of positive surgical margins (P=0.01 and P0.0001). One hundred percent of complications, conversion and positive surgical margins occurred in tumor7.5 cm on preoperative CT-scan. No predictors of RFS and CSS was found in univariate analysis.Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for adrenal metastasis achieves good surgical and oncologic outcomes. When performed by highly experienced surgeon, complications and positive surgical margins occur only in tumors7.5 cm. These patients may benefit from an open surgical approach.

A randomized, double-blind multicenter trial was performed to compare the safety and efficacy of a new low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) (LU 47311, Clivarine) and standard unfractionated heparin for the prophylaxis of postoperative venous thromboembolism. Altogether 1351 patients scheduled to undergo abdominal surgery were included. Main outcome measures included the incidence of thromboembolic events (deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or both) and bleeding complications, including wound hematoma. A total of 655 patients received 1750 anti-Xa IU of LMWH plus a placebo injection daily; 677 patients received 5000 IU of unfractionated heparin (UFH) twice a day. Both drugs were found to be equally effective, as 4.7% of patients in the LMWH group and 4.3% in the UFH group developed postoperative thromboembolic complications. However, the incidence of bleeding complications was significantly reduced in the LMWH group: 55 (8.3%) patients in the LMWH group and 80 (11.8%) in the UFH group developed bleeding complications, a relative risk (RR) of 0.70 (95% CI 0.51-0.97;p = 0.03); wound hematoma occurred in 29 (4.4%) of the LMWH group compared with 55 (7.7%) in those in the UFH group for an RR of 0.57 (95% CI 0.37-0.88;p = 0.01). This study confirmed that a very low dose of 1750 anti-Xa IU daily of this new LMWH is as effective as 10,000 IU of UFH for preventing postoperative deep vein thrombosis. At this dose its administration is associated with a significant reduction in the risk of bleeding including wound hematoma.

We report a case of Penicillium chrysogenum endophthalmitis after penetrating ocular trauma in a 9-year-old child, describing the initial management and the therapeutic adaptation after biopsy culture. After a review of endophthalmitis treatment, we discuss mycotic endophthalmitis treatment and recommend the use of intravitreal antibiotics. In this case, we used amphotericin B to treat the fungal disorder with success.

Nous rapportons le cas d’une infiltration metastatique vitreenne isolee d’origine cutanee. Nous decrivons les elements cliniques et paracliniques permettant de conduire au diagnostic. Cette observation nous permet de faire le point sur les pseudo-uveites et de souligner une nouvelle fois l’importance de la vitrectomie diagnostique dans ce contexte.

Stars in young nearby associations are the only targets allowing giant planet searches at all separations in the near future, by coupling indirect techniques such as radial velocity and deep imaging. These stars are first priorities targets for the forthcoming planets imagers on 10-m class telescopes. Young stars rotate more rapidly and are more active than their older counterparts. Both effects can limit the capability to detect planets using RV. We wish to explore the planet detection capabilities of a representative sample of stars in close and young associations with radial velocity data and explore the complementarity between this technique and direct imaging. We observed 26 such targets with spectral types from A to K and ages from, Comment: submitted

National audience; no abstract

International audience; Objective: Based on a variety of empirical evidence obtained within the theoretical framework of embodiment theory, we considered it likely that motor disorders in Tourette's syndrome (TS) would have emotional consequences for TS patients. However, previous research using emotional facial categorization tasks suggests that these consequences are limited to TS patients with obsessive-compulsive behaviors (OCB). Method: These studies used long stimulus presentations which allowed the participants to categorize the different emotional facial expressions (EFEs) on the basis of a perceptual analysis that might potentially hide a lack of emotional feeling for certain emotions. In order to reduce this perceptual bias, we used a rapid visual presentation procedure. Results: Using this new experimental method, we revealed different and surprising impairments on several EFEs in TS patients compared to matched healthy control participants. Moreover, a spatial frequency analysis of the visual signal processed by the patients suggests that these impairments may be located at a cortical level. Conclusion: The current study indicates that the rapid visual presentation paradigm makes it possible to identify various potential emotional disorders that were not revealed by the standard visual presentation procedures previously reported in the literature. Moreover, the spatial frequency analysis performed in our study suggests that emotional deficit in TS might lie at the level of temporal cortical areas dedicated to the processing of HSF visual information.

Background Few studies have used standardized QOL instruments to assess the quality of life (QOL) in Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS) patients. This work investigates the QOL of adult GTS patients and examines the relationships between physical and psychological variables and QOL. Methods Epidemiological investigation by anonymous national postal survey of QOL of patients of the French Association of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (AFGTS) aged 16 years or older. The clinical and QOL measures were collected by four questionnaires: a sociodemographic and GTS-related symptoms questionnaire, the World Health Organization Quality Of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-26), the Functional Status Questionnaire (FSQ), and a self-rating questionnaire on psychiatric symptoms (SCL-90), all validated in French. We used stepwise regression analysis to explicitly investigate the relationships between physical and psychological variables and QOL domains in GTS. Results Questionnaires were posted to 303 patients, of whom 167 (55%) completed and returned them. Our results, adjusted for age and gender, show that patients with GTS have a worse QOL than the general healthy population. In particular, the “Depression” psychological variable was a significant predictor of impairment in all WHOQOL-26 domains, psychological but also physical and social. Conclusions The present study demonstrates a strong relationship between QOL in GTS and psychiatric symptoms, in particular those of depression.

Context The placenta plays an essential role in the fetomaternal exchanges of iodine and thyroid hormones. Propylthiouracil (PTU) is presently considered to be the treatment of choice for hyperthyroidism during the first trimester of pregnancy. Little is known on the expression of iodide transporters in invasive human trophoblast and the possible effect of PTU on this early phase of human placental development. Objective To analyze during early pregnancy expression of sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) and pendrin at the feto–maternal interface in situ in first trimester placentas, in vitro during human trophoblastic cell differentiation in presence or not of PTU. Design NIS and pendrin immunodetection were performed on 8–10 WG placental tissue sections and in primary cultures of first trimester placenta trophoblastic cells, which differentiate in vitro into syncytiotrophoblast or invasive extravillous cytotrophoblasts (EVCT). The effect of PTU (1 mM) was tested in EVCT on iodide transporters expression, cell invasion, and hCG secretion. Results NIS and pendrin were present in early human trophoblast at the maternofetal interface. Their expression was modulated with in vitro trophoblast differentiation. Early invasive EVCT were characterized by higher expression of NIS than pendrin. In vitro PTU did modify significantly neither EVCT iodide transporters expression nor EVCT biological functions: i.e. invasive properties and hCG secretion. Conclusion This study reveals that NIS is highly expressed in early human trophoblast at the feto–maternal interface. PTU has no effect on early human trophoblast invasion.

Context. The {\beta} Pictoris system with its debris disk and a massive giant planet orbiting at \simeq 9 AU represents an ideal laboratory to study giant planet formation and evolution as well as planet-disk interactions. {\beta} Pic b can also help testing brightness-mass relations at young ages. Other planets, yet undetected, may of course be present in the system. Aims. We aim at putting direct constrains on the mass of {\beta} Pic b and at searching for additional jovian planets on orbits closer than typically 2 AU. Methods. We use high precision Harps data collected over 8 years since 2003 to measure and analyse {\beta} Pic radial velocities. Results. We show that the true mass of {\beta} Pic b is less than 10, 12, 15.5, 20 and 25 MJup if orbiting respectively at 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 AU. This is the first direct constraint on the mass of an imaged planet. The upper mass found is well in the range predicted by brightness-mass relations provided by current "hot start" models. We also exclude the presence of giant planets more massive than 2.5 MJup with periods less than 100 days (hot Jupiters), more massive than 9 MJup for periods in the range 100-500 days. In the 500-1000 day range, the detection limit is in the brown dwarf domain. Beyond the intrinsic interest for {\beta} Pic, these results show the possibilities of precise RV measurements of early type, rapidly rotating stars., Comment: 6 pages, 9 figures, to appear in Astronomy and Astrophysics

Objectifs La surrenalectomie est devenu le traitement de reference des metastases surrenaliennes isolees. En revanche, la place de la cœlioscopie dans cette indication reste discutee, plusieurs series de surrenalectomies laparoscopiques pour metastases ayant rapporte de mauvais resultats operatoires. L’objectif de cette etude etait de determiner les facteurs de risque de mauvais resultats operatoires en cas de surrenalectomie laparoscopique pour metastase. Methodes L’ensemble des patients ayant eu une surrenalectomie pour metastase surrenalienne dans 2 services d’urologie entre 2006 et 2014 a ete inclus dans une etude retrospective. Un mauvais resultat operatoire etait defini par : la survenue d’une complication postoperatoire et/ou un envahissement des marges de resection. Les facteurs de risque de mauvais resultat operatoire ont ete recherches par une analyse univariee (tests du χ 2 , de Fisher, de student et de Mann–Whitney) puis par une analyse multivariee (regression logistique binaire). Resultats Quarante-deux patients ont eu 44 surrenalectomies laparoscopiques pour metastases sur la periode d’etude. Il s’agissait majoritairement de metastases de tumeurs renales (45 %) et pulmonaires (26 %). Il y a eu 7 complications postoperatoires (17 %) dont 3 majeures (grade Clavien ≥ 3 : 7 %) et le taux de marges positives etait de 29 % soit 33 % de mauvais resultats operatoires. Les facteurs de risque de mauvais resultat operatoire en analyse univariee etaient la taille tumorale (p= 0,02), la localisation surrenalienne droite ( p = 0,007) et les tumeurs primitives ni renales ni pulmonaires (rectales, vesicales, cutanees ou oclulaires, p = 0,01). Le seul facteur predictif de mauvais resultat operatoire en analyse multivariee etait une tumeur primitive ni renale ni pulmonaire (OR = 11,8 ; p = 0,02) mais la taille tumorale > 5 cm approchait la significativite (OR = 7,9 ; p = 0,06). Conclusion La surrenalectomie laparoscopique pour metastase surrenaliennes permet d’obtenir de bons resultats operatoires dans la majorite des cas. Le risque de mauvais resultat operatoire est accru pout les metastases de tumeurs autres que renales ou pulmonaires. Une taille tumorale > 5 cm pourrait egalement etre un facteur de risque de mauvais resultat operatoire.