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Resume Afin de determiner l'epidemiologie locale de la region provencale vis-a-vis de S. pneumoniae , 14 laboratoires de microbiologie ont participe a cet observatoire durant la totalite de l'annee 1995 permettant ainsi le recueil exhaustif de donnees concemant 516 souches isolees de 460 patients. La repartition par âge (187 enfants), sexe (293 hommes et 165 femmes) et serotype a ete etudiee pour l'ensemble des souches et pour les diverses categories de resistance a la penicilline puis comparee aux donnees de la litterature. Enfin une etude de la performance du depistage des souches de sensibilite anormale a la penicilline et au cefotaxime a ete realisee en utilisant des disques d'oxacilline (charges a 1 ou 5 mg/l) et de loracarbef. Cette etude confirme l'augmentation de la resistance de ces souches a la penicilline (29 %) et le caractere multiresistant des souches de sensibilite anormale a la penicilline. On constate une activite bien conservee de l'amoxicilline et du cefotaxime (2 % et 0,2 % de souches resistantes seulement).

In vitro antibacterial activity of imipenem-fosfomycin (IMP-FOS) combinations were studied against 31 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus strains: methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA, 11 strains), methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA, 11 strains), methicillin resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE, 9 strains). The study was carried out by means of a microtiter checkerboard method (FICs and FBCs index) and killing-curves (3 strains). Imipenem antibacterial activity was good against MSSA (mean MICs of 0.12 micrograms/ml) but reduced against MRSA (16 micrograms/ml). Fosfomycin was regularly effective (CMI less than or equal to 64 micrograms/ml) against most strains. IMP-FOS combination was strongly synergistic (FIC less than 0.125) against MSSA and still synergistic with achievable therapeutic concentrations against heterogeneous MRSA and MRSE strains (mean FIC of 0.125, MIC in the combination of 1 microgram/ml). The bactericidal activity (FBCs and killing-curves) was limited against homogeneous MRSA and MRSE needing higher concentrations (8 micrograms/ml in the combination). In the 3 cases fosfomycin concentrations in combination remained low (1 to 2 micrograms/ml).

In vitro antibacterial activity of cefamandole-fosfomycin (CFM-FOS) combination was studied on 50 methicillin-resistant staphylococci strains. Anti-bacterial effects were evaluated with a bactericidal microtiter checkerboard method. CFM-FOS was compared with other combinations known to be potent against staphylococci. Synergy was consistently recorded with CFM-FOS. Mean MBC of CFM combined with FOS was 1 microgram/ml. Vancomycin-fosfomycin combination was infrequently synergistic (20%). Rifampin-fosfomycin, cefamandole-fusidic acid, and cloxacillin-fusidic acid combinations were usually antagonistic at bactericidal levels. Rifampicin-fusidic acid combination usually yielded additive effects. CFM-FOS killed most methicillin-resistant staphylococci studied at therapeutic concentrations.