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1. Experimental determination of the energy generated in nuclear cascades by a high energy beam

Author

Xuan Li, P. Kokkas, P. Cennini, J. Calero, C. Roche, Alfredo Lorente, S. Buono, G. Zarris, A. Apostolakis, Eduardo Gallego, G. Lindecker, Federico Carminati, K. Sakelariou, J. Galvez, Loukas Sakelliou, C. López, R. Klapisch, J. Jaren, S. Vlachos, J. Tamarit, A. Liolios, J.A. Pinston, L. Brillard, C. Geles, F. Schussler, D. Trubert, A. Angelopoulos, F. Attale, A. Giorni, M. Macri, F. Casagrande, José M. Martínez-Val, R. Del Moral, I. Goulas, J.M. Loiseaux, S. Vieira, E. González, P. Pavlopoulos, S. Andriamonje, F. Lemeilleur, Stef. Charalambous, L. Garcia-Tabares, C. Eleftheriadis, H. Nifenecker, F. Saldana, J. Oropesa, J. A. Rubio, J. P. Revol, C. Rubbia, M. Hussonnois, and J.B. Viano

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Proton, chemistry.chemical_element, Natural uranium, Uranium, Kinetic energy, Energy amplifier, Nuclear physics, chemistry, Depleted uranium, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, Beam (structure)
Abstract

An already existing, sub-critical arrangement made of natural uranium and water moderator has been exposed to a low intensity (≈ 109 ppp) proton beam from CERN-PS at several kinetic energies from 600 MeV to 2.75 GeV. The energy delivered by the hadronic cascade induced by the beam in the device has been measured by the temperature rise of small sampling blocks of uranium located in several different positions inside the device and counting the fissions in thin probe foils of natural uranium. We find typically G ≈ 30 in reasonable agreement with calculations, where G is the ratio of the energy produced in the device to the energy delivered by the beam. This result opens the way to the realisation of the so-called Energy Amplifier, a practical device to produce energy from thorium or depleted uranium targets exposed to an intense high energy proton beam. Results show that the optimal kinetic is ≥ 1 GeV, below which G decreases but is still acceptable in the energy range explored

Published
1995
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2. Neutron driven nuclear transmutation by adiabatic resonance crossing

Author

Federico Carminati, Loukas Sakelliou, C. López, A. Tzima, O. Méplan, A. Apostolakis, D. Heuer, M. Hussonnois, M. Perlado, Ioannis Papadopoulos, C. A. Bompas, J.B. Viano, M. Embid, J. Tamarit, P. Pavlopoulos, J.M. Loiseaux, A. Giorni, S. Dı́ez, J. Aleixandre, G. Zarris, M. Macri, F. Casagrande, S. Andriamonje, E. Pérez, Alberto Abánades, H. Arnould, R. Del Moral, I. Goulas, S. Vieira, O. González, E. Cerro, J. A. Rubio, J. Galvez, C. Roche, K. Sakelariou, C. Geles, C. Rubbia, E. González, Panagiotis Kokkas, C. Eleftheriadis, J. A. Garcia, Vasilis Vlachoudis, J. P. Revol, V. Lacoste, Y. Kadi, A. Angelopoulos, S. Buono, H. Nifenecker, F. Saldana, J. Bueno, D. Trubert, C. Le Naour, R. Klapisch, F. Attale, R. Fernandez, A. Pérez-Navarro, E. Belle, M. Poza, G. Kittis, F. Schussler, P. Cennini, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fioni G. Faust H. Oberstedt S. Hambsch F.-J., and bibliotheque, LPSC

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear reaction, Nuclear transmutation, [PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Fission, Nuclear engineering, Radioactive waste, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Resonance (particle physics), 0104 chemical sciences, Energy amplifier, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment, Adiabatic process
Abstract

The use of accelerator driven system (ADS) like for instance the Energy Amplifier concept (EA) proposed by C. Rubbia and his group might be one of the solutions to solve the energy problem and in particular to answer the question: what could we do with the nuclear waste produced by the present nuclear reactors? We present in this paper the EA concept, which is illustrated by two experiments performed at the CERN-PS facility. One of them is the TARC (Transmutation by Adiabatic Resonance crossing) experiment which is designed to demonstrate the high efficiency offered by the EA to destroy the long-lived fission fragments.

Published
1998

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