Author: "F., Salamida" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"F., Salamida"' showing total 157 results

Start Over Author "F., Salamida"

157 results on '"F., Salamida"'

1. Search for tri-nucleon decays of $$^{76}$$ 76 Ge in GERDA

Author: M. Agostini, A. Alexander, G. Araujo, A. M. Bakalyarov, M. Balata, I. Barabanov, L. Baudis, C. Bauer, S. Belogurov, A. Bettini, L. Bezrukov, V. Biancacci, E. Bossio, V. Bothe, R. Brugnera, A. Caldwell, S. Calgaro, C. Cattadori, A. Chernogorov, P.-J. Chiu, T. Comellato, V. D’Andrea, E. V. Demidova, A. Di Giacinto, N. Di Marco, E. Doroshkevich, F. Fischer, M. Fomina, A. Gangapshev, A. Garfagnini, C. Gooch, P. Grabmayr, V. Gurentsov, K. Gusev, J. Hakenmüller, S. Hemmer, W. Hofmann, M. Hult, L. V. Inzhechik, J. Janicskó Csáthy, J. Jochum, M. Junker, V. Kazalov, Y. Kermaïdic, H. Khushbakht, T. Kihm, K. Kilgus, I. V. Kirpichnikov, A. Klimenko, K. T. Knöpfle, O. Kochetov, V. N. Kornoukhov, P. Krause, V. V. Kuzminov, M. Laubenstein, M. Lindner, I. Lippi, A. Lubashevskiy, B. Lubsandorzhiev, G. Lutter, C. Macolino, B. Majorovits, W. Maneschg, L. Manzanillas, G. Marshall, M. Misiaszek, M. Morella, Y. Müller, I. Nemchenok, M. Neuberger, L. Pandola, K. Pelczar, L. Pertoldi, P. Piseri, A. Pullia, L. Rauscher, M. Redchuk, S. Riboldi, N. Rumyantseva, C. Sada, S. Sailer, F. Salamida, S. Schönert, J. Schreiner, M. Schütt, A.-K. Schütz, O. Schulz, M. Schwarz, B. Schwingenheuer, O. Selivanenko, E. Shevchik, M. Shirchenko, L. Shtembari, H. Simgen, A. Smolnikov, D. Stukov, S. Sullivan, A. A. Vasenko, A. Veresnikova, C. Vignoli, K. von Sturm, T. Wester, C. Wiesinger, M. Wojcik, E. Yanovich, B. Zatschler, I. Zhitnikov, S. V. Zhukov, D. Zinatulina, A. Zschocke, A. J. Zsigmond, K. Zuber, G. Zuzel, and GERDA collaboration
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract We search for tri-nucleon decays of $$^{76}$$ 76 Ge in the dataset from the GERmanium Detector Array (GERDA) experiment. Decays that populate excited levels of the daughter nucleus above the threshold for particle emission lead to disintegration and are not considered. The ppp-, ppn-, and pnn-decays lead to $$^{73}$$ 73 Cu, $$^{73}$$ 73 Zn, and $$^{73}$$ 73 Ga nuclei, respectively. These nuclei are unstable and eventually proceed by the beta decay of $$^{73}$$ 73 Ga to $$^{73}$$ 73 Ge (stable). We search for the $$^{73}$$ 73 Ga decay exploiting the fact that it dominantly populates the 66.7 keV $$^{73m}$$ 73 m Ga state with half-life of 0.5 s. The nnn-decays of $$^{76}$$ 76 Ge that proceed via $$^{73m}$$ 73 m Ge are also included in our analysis. We find no signal candidate and place a limit on the sum of the decay widths of the inclusive tri-nucleon decays that corresponds to a lower lifetime limit of 1.2 $$\times $$ × 10 $$^{26}$$ 26 yr (90% credible interval). This result improves previous limits for tri-nucleon decays by one to three orders of magnitude.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

2. Liquid argon light collection and veto modeling in GERDA Phase II

Author: M. Agostini, A. Alexander, G. R. Araujo, A. M. Bakalyarov, M. Balata, I. Barabanov, L. Baudis, C. Bauer, S. Belogurov, A. Bettini, L. Bezrukov, V. Biancacci, E. Bossio, V. Bothe, R. Brugnera, A. Caldwell, S. Calgaro, C. Cattadori, A. Chernogorov, P. -J. Chiu, T. Comellato, V. D’Andrea, E. V. Demidova, A. Di Giacinto, N. Di Marco, E. Doroshkevich, F. Fischer, M. Fomina, A. Gangapshev, A. Garfagnini, C. Gooch, P. Grabmayr, V. Gurentsov, K. Gusev, J. Hakenmüller, S. Hemmer, W. Hofmann, M. Hult, L. V. Inzhechik, J. Janicskó Csáthy, J. Jochum, M. Junker, V. Kazalov, Y. Kermaïdic, H. Khushbakht, T. Kihm, K. Kilgus, I. V. Kirpichnikov, A. Klimenko, K. T. Knöpfle, O. Kochetov, V. N. Kornoukhov, P. Krause, V. V. Kuzminov, M. Laubenstein, B. Lehnert, M. Lindner, I. Lippi, A. Lubashevskiy, B. Lubsandorzhiev, G. Lutter, C. Macolino, B. Majorovits, W. Maneschg, L. Manzanillas, G. Marshall, M. Miloradovic, R. Mingazheva, M. Misiaszek, M. Morella, Y. Müller, I. Nemchenok, M. Neuberger, L. Pandola, K. Pelczar, L. Pertoldi, P. Piseri, A. Pullia, L. Rauscher, M. Redchuk, S. Riboldi, N. Rumyantseva, C. Sada, S. Sailer, F. Salamida, S. Schönert, J. Schreiner, M. Schütt, A. -K. Schütz, O. Schulz, M. Schwarz, B. Schwingenheuer, O. Selivanenko, E. Shevchik, M. Shirchenko, L. Shtembari, H. Simgen, A. Smolnikov, D. Stukov, S. Sullivan, A. A. Vasenko, A. Veresnikova, C. Vignoli, K. von Sturm, A. Wegmann, T. Wester, C. Wiesinger, M. Wojcik, E. Yanovich, B. Zatschler, I. Zhitnikov, S. V. Zhukov, D. Zinatulina, A. Zschocke, A. J. Zsigmond, K. Zuber, G. Zuzel, and Gerda collaboration
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract The ability to detect liquid argon scintillation light from within a densely packed high-purity germanium detector array allowed the Gerda experiment to reach an exceptionally low background rate in the search for neutrinoless double beta decay of $${}^{76}$$ 76 Ge. Proper modeling of the light propagation throughout the experimental setup, from any origin in the liquid argon volume to its eventual detection by the novel light read-out system, provides insight into the rejection capability and is a necessary ingredient to obtain robust background predictions. In this paper, we present a model of the Gerda liquid argon veto, as obtained by Monte Carlo simulations and constrained by calibration data, and highlight its application for background decomposition.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

3. Optimum filter synthesis with DPLMS method for energy reconstruction

Author: V. D’Andrea, S. Riboldi, A. Geraci, N. Burlac, and F. Salamida
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract Optimum filters are granted increasing recognition as valuable tools for parametric estimation in many scientific and technical fields. The DPLMS method, introduced some twenty years ago, is especially effective among the synthesis algorithms since it derives the optimum filters directly from the experimentally acquired signal and noise waveforms. Two new extensions of the DPLMS method are here presented. The first one speeds up the synthesis phase and improves the energy estimation results by synthesizing optimum filters with automatically designed flat-top length. The second one improves the quality of parameter estimation in multi-channel systems by taking advantage of the inter-channel noise correlation properties. In this paper, the theoretical and functional aspects behind the DPLMS method for optimum filter synthesis are first recalled and illustrated in more detail. The two new DPLMS extensions are subsequently briefly introduced from the theoretical viewpoint and more thoroughly considered from the applicative perspective. The DPLMS optimum filters have been applied first to simulated signals with various amounts and characteristics of superimposed noise and then to the experimental waveforms acquired from a solid-state Ge detector. The results obtained are considered from both the absolute viewpoint and in comparison with those of more traditional, suboptimal filters. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the two new DPLMS extensions. For single-channel energy estimations, the synthesized optimum filters provide comparatively better results than the other tested filters. The DPLMS multi-channel optimum filters further enhance the quality of the estimations, compared to single-channel optimum filters, with non-negligible inter-channel noise correlation. The effectiveness and robustness of the DPLMS method in synthesizing high-quality filters for energy estimation will be tested soon within leading-edge multi-channel physics experiments.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

4. Pulse shape analysis in Gerda Phase II

Author: M. Agostini, G. Araujo, A. M. Bakalyarov, M. Balata, I. Barabanov, L. Baudis, C. Bauer, E. Bellotti, S. Belogurov, A. Bettini, L. Bezrukov, V. Biancacci, E. Bossio, V. Bothe, V. Brudanin, R. Brugnera, A. Caldwell, C. Cattadori, A. Chernogorov, T. Comellato, V. D’Andrea, E. V. Demidova, N. Di Marco, E. Doroshkevich, F. Fischer, M. Fomina, A. Gangapshev, A. Garfagnini, C. Gooch, P. Grabmayr, V. Gurentsov, K. Gusev, J. Hakenmüller, S. Hemmer, R. Hiller, W. Hofmann, J. Huang, M. Hult, L. V. Inzhechik, J. Janicskó Csáthy, J. Jochum, M. Junker, V. Kazalov, Y. Kermaïdic, H. Khushbakht, T. Kihm, K. Kilgus, A. Kirsch, I. V. Kirpichnikov, A. Klimenko, K. T. Knöpfle, O. Kochetov, V. N. Kornoukhov, P. Krause, V. V. Kuzminov, M. Laubenstein, A. Lazzaro, M. Lindner, I. Lippi, A. Lubashevskiy, B. Lubsandorzhiev, G. Lutter, C. Macolino, B. Majorovits, W. Maneschg, L. Manzanillas, M. Miloradovic, R. Mingazheva, M. Misiaszek, Y. Müller, I. Nemchenok, K. Panas, L. Pandola, K. Pelczar, L. Pertoldi, P. Piseri, A. Pullia, C. Ransom, L. Rauscher, M. Redchuk, S. Riboldi, N. Rumyantseva, C. Sada, F. Salamida, S. Schönert, J. Schreiner, M. Schütt, A. -K. Schütz, O. Schulz, M. Schwarz, B. Schwingenheuer, O. Selivanenko, E. Shevchik, M. Shirchenko, L. Shtembari, H. Simgen, A. Smolnikov, D. Stukov, A. A. Vasenko, A. Veresnikova, C. Vignoli, K. von Sturm, V. Wagner, T. Wester, C. Wiesinger, M. Wojcik, E. Yanovich, B. Zatschler, I. Zhitnikov, S. V. Zhukov, D. Zinatulina, A. Zschocke, A. J. Zsigmond, K. Zuber, G. Zuzel, and GERDA collaboration
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract The GERmanium Detector Array (Gerda) collaboration searched for neutrinoless double- $$\beta $$ β decay in $$^{76}$$ 76 Ge using isotopically enriched high purity germanium detectors at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso of INFN. After Phase I (2011–2013), the experiment benefited from several upgrades, including an additional active veto based on LAr instrumentation and a significant increase of mass by point-contact germanium detectors that improved the half-life sensitivity of Phase II (2015–2019) by an order of magnitude. At the core of the background mitigation strategy, the analysis of the time profile of individual pulses provides a powerful topological discrimination of signal-like and background-like events. Data from regular $$^{228}$$ 228 Th calibrations and physics data were both considered in the evaluation of the pulse shape discrimination performance. In this work, we describe the various methods applied to the data collected in Gerda Phase II corresponding to an exposure of 103.7 kg year. These methods suppress the background by a factor of about 5 in the region of interest around $$Q_{\beta \beta }= 2039$$ Q β β = 2039 keV, while preserving $$(81\pm 3)$$ ( 81 ± 3 ) % of the signal. In addition, an exhaustive list of parameters is provided which were used in the final data analysis.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

5. The energy spectrum of cosmic rays beyond the turn-down around $$\varvec{10^{17}}$$ 10 17 eV as measured with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, J. M. Albury, I. Allekotte, A. Almela, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, R. Alves Batista, G. A. Anastasi, L. Anchordoqui, B. Andrada, S. Andringa, C. Aramo, P. R. Araújo Ferreira, J. C. Arteaga Velázquez, H. Asorey, P. Assis, G. Avila, A. M. Badescu, A. Bakalova, A. Balaceanu, F. Barbato, R. J. Barreira Luz, K. H. Becker, J. A. Bellido, C. Berat, M. E. Bertaina, X. Bertou, P. L. Biermann, P. Billoir, V. Binet, K. Bismark, T. Bister, J. Biteau, J. Blazek, C. Bleve, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, N. Borodai, A. M. Botti, J. Brack, T. Bretz, P. G. Brichetto Orchera, F. L. Briechle, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, S. Buitink, M. Buscemi, M. Büsken, K. S. Caballero-Mora, L. Caccianiga, F. Canfora, I. Caracas, J. M. Carceller, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, F. Catalani, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, M. Cerda, J. A. Chinellato, J. Chudoba, L. Chytka, R. W. Clay, A. C. Cobos Cerutti, R. Colalillo, A. Coleman, M. R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, A. Condorelli, G. Consolati, F. Contreras, F. Convenga, D. Correia dos Santos, C. E. Covault, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B. R. Dawson, J. A. Day, R. M. de Almeida, J. de Jesús, S. J. de Jong, G. De Mauro, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, J. de Oliveira, D. de Oliveira Franco, F. de Palma, V. de Souza, E. De Vito, M. del Río, O. Deligny, A. Di Matteo, C. Dobrigkeit, J. C. D’Olivo, L. M. Domingues Mendes, R. C. dos Anjos, D. dos Santos, M. T. Dova, J. Ebr, R. Engel, I. Epicoco, M. Erdmann, C. O. Escobar, A. Etchegoyen, H. Falcke, J. Farmer, G. Farrar, A. C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, F. Feldbusch, F. Fenu, B. Fick, J. M. Figueira, A. Filipčič, T. Fitoussi, T. Fodran, M. M. Freire, T. Fujii, A. Fuster, C. Galea, C. Galelli, B. García, A. L. Garcia Vegas, H. Gemmeke, F. Gesualdi, A. Gherghel-Lascu, P. L. Ghia, U. Giaccari, M. Giammarchi, J. Glombitza, F. Gobbi, F. Gollan, G. Golup, M. Gómez Berisso, P. F. Gómez Vitale, J. P. Gongora, J. M. González, N. González, I. Goos, D. Góra, A. Gorgi, M. Gottowik, T. D. Grubb, F. Guarino, G. P. Guedes, E. Guido, S. Hahn, P. Hamal, M. R. Hampel, P. Hansen, D. Harari, V. M. Harvey, A. Haungs, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, G. C. Hill, C. Hojvat, J. R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, T. Huege, A. Insolia, P. G. Isar, P. Janecek, J. A. Johnsen, J. Jurysek, A. Kääpä, K. H. Kampert, N. Karastathis, B. Keilhauer, J. Kemp, A. Khakurdikar, V. V. Kizakke Covilakam, H. O. Klages, M. Kleifges, J. Kleinfeller, M. Köpke, N. Kunka, B. L. Lago, R. G. Lang, N. Langner, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, V. Lenok, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, D. Lo Presti, L. Lopes, R. López, L. Lu, Q. Luce, J. P. Lundquist, A. Machado Payeras, G. Mancarella, D. Mandat, B. C. Manning, J. Manshanden, P. Mantsch, S. Marafico, A. G. Mariazzi, I. C. Mariş, G. Marsella, D. Martello, S. Martinelli, H. Martinez, O. Martínez Bravo, M. Mastrodicasa, H. J. Mathes, J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, E. Mayotte, P. O. Mazur, G. Medina-Tanco, D. Melo, A. Menshikov, K.-D. Merenda, S. Michal, M. I. Micheletti, L. Miramonti, D. Mockler, S. Mollerach, F. Montanet, C. Morello, M. Mostafá, A. L. Müller, M. A. Muller, K. Mulrey, R. Mussa, M. Muzio, W. M. Namasaka, A. Nasr-Esfahani, L. Nellen, M. Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M. Niechciol, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, V. Novotny, L. Nožka, A. Nucita, L. A. Núñez, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, P. Papenbreer, G. Parente, A. Parra, J. Pawlowsky, M. Pech, F. Pedreira, J. Pȩkala, R. Pelayo, J. Peña-Rodriguez, E. E. Pereira Martins, J. Perez Armand, C. Pérez Bertolli, M. Perlin, L. Perrone, S. Petrera, T. Pierog, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, B. Pont, M. Pothast, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, A. Puyleart, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, D. Ravignani, M. Reininghaus, J. Ridky, F. Riehn, M. Risse, V. Rizi, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M. J. Roncoroni, M. Roth, E. Roulet, A. C. Rovero, P. Ruehl, S. J. Saffi, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, G. Salina, J. D. Sanabria Gomez, F. Sánchez, E. M. Santos, E. Santos, F. Sarazin, R. Sarmento, C. Sarmiento-Cano, R. Sato, P. Savina, C. M. Schäfer, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, M. Schimassek, M. Schimp, F. Schlüter, D. Schmidt, O. Scholten, P. Schovánek, F. G. Schröder, S. Schröder, J. Schulte, A. Schulz, S. J. Sciutto, M. Scornavacche, A. Segreto, S. Sehgal, R. C. Shellard, G. Sigl, G. Silli, O. Sima, R. Šmída, P. Sommers, J. F. Soriano, J. Souchard, R. Squartini, M. Stadelmaier, D. Stanca, S. Stanič, J. Stasielak, P. Stassi, A. Streich, M. Suárez-Durán, T. Sudholz, T. Suomijärvi, A. D. Supanitsky, Z. Szadkowski, A. Tapia, C. Taricco, C. Timmermans, O. Tkachenko, P. Tobiska, C. J. Todero Peixoto, B. Tomé, Z. Torrès, A. Travaini, P. Travnicek, C. Trimarelli, M. Tueros, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, L. Vaclavek, M. Vacula, J. F. Valdés Galicia, L. Valore, E. Varela, A. Vásquez-Ramírez, D. Veberič, C. Ventura, I. D. Vergara Quispe, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, J. Vink, S. Vorobiov, H. Wahlberg, C. Watanabe, A. A. Watson, M. Weber, A. Weindl, L. Wiencke, H. Wilczyński, M. Wirtz, D. Wittkowski, B. Wundheiler, A. Yushkov, O. Zapparrata, E. Zas, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, L. Zehrer, and Pierre Auger Collaboration
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract We present a measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum above 100 PeV using the part of the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory that has a spacing of 750 m. An inflection of the spectrum is observed, confirming the presence of the so-called second-knee feature. The spectrum is then combined with that of the 1500 m array to produce a single measurement of the flux, linking this spectral feature with the three additional breaks at the highest energies. The combined spectrum, with an energy scale set calorimetrically via fluorescence telescopes and using a single detector type, results in the most statistically and systematically precise measurement of spectral breaks yet obtained. These measurements are critical for furthering our understanding of the highest energy cosmic rays.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

6. Calibration of the Gerda experiment

Author: M. Agostini, G. Araujo, A. M. Bakalyarov, M. Balata, I. Barabanov, L. Baudis, C. Bauer, E. Bellotti, S. Belogurov, A. Bettini, L. Bezrukov, V. Biancacci, E. Bossio, V. Bothe, V. Brudanin, R. Brugnera, A. Caldwell, C. Cattadori, A. Chernogorov, T. Comellato, V. D’Andrea, E. V. Demidova, N. Di Marco, E. Doroshkevich, F. Fischer, M. Fomina, A. Gangapshev, A. Garfagnini, C. Gooch, P. Grabmayr, V. Gurentsov, K. Gusev, J. Hakenmüller, S. Hemmer, R. Hiller, W. Hofmann, J. Huang, M. Hult, L. V. Inzhechik, J. Janicskó Csáthy, J. Jochum, M. Junker, V. Kazalov, Y. Kermaïdic, H. Khushbakht, T. Kihm, I. V. Kirpichnikov, A. Klimenko, R. Kneißl, K. T. Knöpfle, O. Kochetov, V. N. Kornoukhov, P. Krause, V. V. Kuzminov, M. Laubenstein, M. Lindner, I. Lippi, A. Lubashevskiy, B. Lubsandorzhiev, G. Lutter, C. Macolino, B. Majorovits, W. Maneschg, L. Manzanillas, M. Miloradovic, R. Mingazheva, M. Misiaszek, P. Moseev, Y. Müller, I. Nemchenok, L. Pandola, K. Pelczar, L. Pertoldi, P. Piseri, A. Pullia, C. Ransom, L. Rauscher, S. Riboldi, N. Rumyantseva, C. Sada, F. Salamida, S. Schönert, J. Schreiner, M. Schütt, A-K. Schütz, O. Schulz, M. Schwarz, B. Schwingenheuer, O. Selivanenko, E. Shevchik, M. Shirchenko, L. Shtembari, H. Simgen, A. Smolnikov, D. Stukov, A. A. Vasenko, A. Veresnikova, C. Vignoli, K. von Sturm, T. Wester, C. Wiesinger, M. Wojcik, E. Yanovich, B. Zatschler, I. Zhitnikov, S. V. Zhukov, D. Zinatulina, A. Zschocke, A. J. Zsigmond, K. Zuber, G. Zuzel, and Gerda Collaboration
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract The GERmanium Detector Array (Gerda) collaboration searched for neutrinoless double- $$\beta $$ β decay in $$^{76}$$ 76 Ge with an array of about 40 high-purity isotopically-enriched germanium detectors. The experimental signature of the decay is a monoenergetic signal at $$Q_{\beta \beta }$$ Q β β $$=2039.061(7)$$ = 2039.061 ( 7 ) keV in the measured summed energy spectrum of the two emitted electrons. Both the energy reconstruction and resolution of the germanium detectors are crucial to separate a potential signal from various backgrounds, such as neutrino-accompanied double- $$\beta $$ β decays allowed by the Standard Model. The energy resolution and stability were determined and monitored as a function of time using data from regular $$^{228}$$ 228 Th calibrations. In this work, we describe the calibration process and associated data analysis of the full Gerda dataset, tailored to preserve the excellent resolution of the individual germanium detectors when combining data over several years.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. Characterization of inverted coaxial $$^{76}$$ 76 Ge detectors in GERDA for future double- $$\beta $$ β decay experiments

Author: M. Agostini, G. Araujo, A. M. Bakalyarov, M. Balata, I. Barabanov, L. Baudis, C. Bauer, E. Bellotti, S. Belogurov, A. Bettini, L. Bezrukov, V. Biancacci, E. Bossio, V. Bothe, V. Brudanin, R. Brugnera, A. Caldwell, C. Cattadori, A. Chernogorov, T. Comellato, V. D’Andrea, E. V. Demidova, N. Di Marco, E. Doroshkevich, F. Fischer, M. Fomina, A. Gangapshev, A. Garfagnini, C. Gooch, P. Grabmayr, V. Gurentsov, K. Gusev, J. Hakenmüller, S. Hemmer, W. Hofmann, J. Huang, M. Hult, L. V. Inzhechik, J. Janicskó Csáthy, J. Jochum, M. Junker, V. Kazalov, Y. Kermaïdic, H. Khushbakht, T. Kihm, I. V. Kirpichnikov, A. Klimenko, R. Kneißl, K. T. Knöpfle, O. Kochetov, V. N. Kornoukhov, P. Krause, V. V. Kuzminov, M. Laubenstein, M. Lindner, I. Lippi, A. Lubashevskiy, B. Lubsandorzhiev, G. Lutter, C. Macolino, B. Majorovits, W. Maneschg, L. Manzanillas, M. Miloradovic, R. Mingazheva, M. Misiaszek, P. Moseev, Y. Müller, I. Nemchenok, L. Pandola, K. Pelczar, L. Pertoldi, P. Piseri, A. Pullia, C. Ransom, L. Rauscher, S. Riboldi, N. Rumyantseva, C. Sada, F. Salamida, S. Schönert, J. Schreiner, M. Schütt, A.-K. Schütz, O. Schulz, M. Schwarz, B. Schwingenheuer, O. Selivanenko, E. Shevchik, M. Shirchenko, L. Shtembari, H. Simgen, A. Smolnikov, D. Stukov, A. A. Vasenko, A. Veresnikova, C. Vignoli, K. von Sturm, T. Wester, C. Wiesinger, M. Wojcik, E. Yanovich, B. Zatschler, I. Zhitnikov, S. V. Zhukov, D. Zinatulina, A. Zschocke, A. J. Zsigmond, K. Zuber, G. Zuzel, and Gerda Collaboration
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract Neutrinoless double- $$\beta $$ β decay of $$^{76}$$ 76 Ge is searched for with germanium detectors where source and detector of the decay are identical. For the success of future experiments it is important to increase the mass of the detectors. We report here on the characterization and testing of five prototype detectors manufactured in inverted coaxial (IC) geometry from material enriched to 88% in $$^{76}$$ 76 Ge. IC detectors combine the large mass of the traditional semi-coaxial Ge detectors with the superior resolution and pulse shape discrimination power of point contact detectors which exhibited so far much lower mass. Their performance has been found to be satisfactory both when operated in vacuum cryostat and bare in liquid argon within the Gerda setup. The measured resolutions at the Q-value for double- $$\beta $$ β decay of $$^{76}$$ 76 Ge ( $$Q_{\beta \beta }$$ Q β β = 2039 keV) are about 2.1 keV full width at half maximum in vacuum cryostat. After 18 months of operation within the ultra-low background environment of the GERmanium Detector Array (Gerda) experiment and an accumulated exposure of 8.5 kg $$\cdot $$ · year, the background index after analysis cuts is measured to be $$4.9^{+7.3}_{-3.4}\times 10^{-4} \ \text {counts}/(\text {keV} \cdot \text {kg} \cdot \text {year})$$ 4 . 9 - 3.4 + 7.3 × 10 - 4 counts / ( keV · kg · year ) around $$Q_{\beta \beta }$$ Q β β . This work confirms the feasibility of IC detectors for the next-generation experiment Legend.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

8. Search for Ultra-high-energy Photons from Gravitational Wave Sources with the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: A. Abdul Halim, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, I. Allekotte, K. Almeida Cheminant, A. Almela, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, J. Ammerman Yebra, G. A. Anastasi, L. Anchordoqui, B. Andrada, S. Andringa, C. Aramo, P. R. Araújo Ferreira, E. Arnone, J. C. Arteaga Velázquez, H. Asorey, P. Assis, G. Avila, E. Avocone, A. M. Badescu, A. Bakalova, A. Balaceanu, F. Barbato, J. A. Bellido, C. Berat, M. E. Bertaina, G. Bhatta, P. L. Biermann, V. Binet, K. Bismark, T. Bister, J. Biteau, J. Blazek, C. Bleve, J. Blümer, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, N. Borodai, J. Brack, T. Bretz, P. G. Brichetto Orchera, F. L. Briechle, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, S. Buitink, M. Buscemi, M. Büsken, A. Bwembya, K. S. Caballero-Mora, L. Caccianiga, I. Caracas, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, F. Catalani, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, M. Cerda, J. A. Chinellato, J. Chudoba, L. Chytka, R. W. Clay, A. C. Cobos Cerutti, R. Colalillo, A. Coleman, M. R. Coluccia, R. Conceiçao, A. Condorelli, G. Consolati, M. Conte, F. Contreras, F. Convenga, D. Correia dos Santos, P. J. Costa, C. E. Covault, M. Cristinziani, C. S. Cruz Sanchez, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B. R. Dawson, R. M. de Almeida, J. de Jesús, S. J. de Jong, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, J. de Oliveira, D. de Oliveira Franco, F. de Palma, V. de Souza, E. De Vito, A. Del Popolo, O. Deligny, L. Deval, A. di Matteo, M. Dobre, C. Dobrigkeit, J. C. D’Olivo, L. M. Domingues Mendes, R. C. dos Anjos, J. Ebr, M. Emam, R. Engel, I. Epicoco, M. Erdmann, A. Etchegoyen, H. Falcke, J. Farmer, G. Farrar, A. C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, F. Feldbusch, F. Fenu, A. Fernandes, B. Fick, J. M. Figueira, A. Filipčič, T. Fitoussi, B. Flaggs, T. Fodran, T. Fujii, A. Fuster, C. Galea, C. Galelli, B. García, H. Gemmeke, F. Gesualdi, A. Gherghel-Lascu, P. L. Ghia, U. Giaccari, M. Giammarchi, J. Glombitza, F. Gobbi, F. Gollan, G. Golup, M. Gómez Berisso, P. F. Gómez Vitale, J. P. Gongora, J. M. González, N. González, I. Goos, D. Góra, A. Gorgi, M. Gottowik, T. D. Grubb, F. Guarino, G. P. Guedes, E. Guido, S. Hahn, P. Hamal, M. R. Hampel, P. Hansen, D. Harari, V. M. Harvey, A. Haungs, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, C. Hojvat, J. R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, T. Huege, A. Insolia, P. G. Isar, P. Janecek, J. A. Johnsen, J. Jurysek, A. Kääpä, K. H. Kampert, B. Keilhauer, A. Khakurdikar, V. V. Kizakke Covilakam, H. O. Klages, M. Kleifges, J. Kleinfeller, F. Knapp, N. Kunka, B. L. Lago, N. Langner, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, V. Lenok, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, D. Lo Presti, L. Lopes, R. López, L. Lu, Q. Luce, J. P. Lundquist, A. Machado Payeras, M. Majercakova, D. Mandat, B. C. Manning, J. Manshanden, P. Mantsch, S. Marafico, F. M. Mariani, A. G. Mariazzi, I. C. Mariş, G. Marsella, D. Martello, S. Martinelli, O. Martínez Bravo, M. A. Martins, M. Mastrodicasa, H. J. Mathes, J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, E. Mayotte, S. Mayotte, P. O. Mazur, G. Medina-Tanco, J. Meinert, D. Melo, A. Menshikov, S. Michal, M. I. Micheletti, L. Miramonti, S. Mollerach, F. Montanet, L. Morejon, C. Morello, A. L. Müller, K. Mulrey, R. Mussa, M. Muzio, W. M. Namasaka, A. Nasr-Esfahani, L. Nellen, G. Nicora, M. Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M. Niechciol, D. Nitz, I. Norwood, D. Nosek, V. Novotny, L. Nožka, A. Nucita, L. A. Núñez, C. Oliveira, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, G. Parente, A. Parra, J. Pawlowsky, M. Pech, J. Pȩkala, R. Pelayo, L. A. S. Pereira, E. E. Pereira Martins, J. Perez Armand, C. Pérez Bertolli, L. Perrone, S. Petrera, C. Petrucci, T. Pierog, M. Pimenta, M. Platino, B. Pont, M. Pothast, M. Pourmohammad Shavar, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, A. Puyleart, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, D. Ravignani, M. Reininghaus, J. Ridky, F. Riehn, M. Risse, V. Rizi, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M. J. Roncoroni, S. Rossoni, M. Roth, E. Roulet, A. C. Rovero, P. Ruehl, A. Saftoiu, M. Saharan, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, G. Salina, J. D. Sanabria Gomez, F. Sánchez, E. M. Santos, E. Santos, F. Sarazin, R. Sarmento, R. Sato, P. Savina, C. M. Schäfer, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, M. Schimassek, M. Schimp, F. Schlüter, D. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, P. Schovánek, F. G. Schröder, J. Schulte, T. Schulz, S. J. Sciutto, M. Scornavacche, A. Segreto, S. Sehgal, S. U. Shivashankara, G. Sigl, G. Silli, O. Sima, R. Smau, R. Šmída, P. Sommers, J. F. Soriano, R. Squartini, M. Stadelmaier, D. Stanca, S. Stanič, J. Stasielak, P. Stassi, M. Straub, A. Streich, M. Suárez-Durán, T. Suomijärvi, A. D. Supanitsky, Z. Szadkowski, A. Tapia, C. Taricco, C. Timmermans, O. Tkachenko, P. Tobiska, C. J. Todero Peixoto, B. Tomé, Z. Torrès, A. Travaini, P. Travnicek, C. Trimarelli, M. Tueros, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, L. Vaclavek, M. Vacula, J. F. Valdés Galicia, L. Valore, E. Varela, A. Vásquez-Ramírez, D. Veberič, C. Ventura, I. D. Vergara Quispe, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, J. Vink, S. Vorobiov, C. Watanabe, A. A. Watson, A. Weindl, L. Wiencke, H. Wilczyński, D. Wittkowski, B. Wundheiler, A. Yushkov, O. Zapparrata, E. Zas, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, and The Pierre Auger Collaboration
Subjects: Particle astrophysics, Ultra-high-energy cosmic radiation, Cosmic ray showers, Gravitational wave sources, Transient sources, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: A search for time-directional coincidences of ultra-high-energy (UHE) photons above 10 EeV with gravitational wave (GW) events from the LIGO/Virgo runs O1 to O3 is conducted with the Pierre Auger Observatory. Due to the distinctive properties of photon interactions and to the background expected from hadronic showers, a subset of the most interesting GW events is selected based on their localization quality and distance. Time periods of 1000 s around and 1 day after the GW events are analyzed. No coincidences are observed. Upper limits on the UHE photon fluence from a GW event are derived that are typically at ∼7 MeV cm ^−2 (time period 1000 s) and ∼35 MeV cm ^−2 (time period 1 day). Due to the proximity of the binary neutron star merger GW170817, the energy of the source transferred into UHE photons above 40 EeV is constrained to be less than 20% of its total GW energy. These are the first limits on UHE photons from GW sources.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

9. A Catalog of the Highest-energy Cosmic Rays Recorded during Phase I of Operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: A. Abdul Halim, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, I. Allekotte, P. Allison, K. Almeida Cheminant, A. Almela, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, J. Ammerman Yebra, G. A. Anastasi, L. Anchordoqui, B. Andrada, S. Andringa, C. Aramo, P. R. Araújo Ferreira, E. Arnone, J. C. Arteaga Velázquez, H. Asorey, P. Assis, M. Ave, G. Avila, E. Avocone, A. M. Badescu, A. Bakalova, A. Balaceanu, F. Barbato, J. Beatty, J. A. Bellido, C. Berat, M. E. Bertaina, X. Bertou, G. Bhatta, P. L. Biermann, P. Billoir, V. Binet, K. Bismark, T. Bister, J. Biteau, J. Blazek, C. Bleve, J. Blümer, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, N. Borodai, J. Brack, T. Bretz, P. G. Brichetto Orchera, F. L. Briechle, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, S. Buitink, M. Buscemi, M. Büsken, A. Bwembya, K. S. Caballero-Mora, L. Caccianiga, I. Caracas, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, F. Catalani, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, M. Cerda, R. Cester, J. A. Chinellato, J. Chirinos, J. Chudoba, L. Chytka, R. W. Clay, A. C. Cobos Cerutti, R. Colalillo, A. Coleman, M. R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, A. Condorelli, G. Consolati, F. Contreras, F. Convenga, D. Correia dos Santos, C. E. Covault, M. Cristinziani, C. S. Cruz Sanchez, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B. R. Dawson, R. M. de Almeida, J. de Jesús, S. J. de Jong, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, J. de Oliveira, D. de Oliveira Franco, F. de Palma, V. de Souza, E. De Vito, A. Del Popolo, O. Deligny, L. Deval, A. di Matteo, M. Dobre, C. Dobrigkeit, J. C. D’Olivo, L. M. Domingues Mendes, A. Dorofeev, R. C. dos Anjos, J. Ebr, M. Eman, R. Engel, I. Epicoco, M. Erdmann, A. Etchegoyen, H. Falcke, J. Farmer, G. Farrar, A. C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, F. Feldbusch, F. Fenu, B. Fick, J. M. Figueira, A. Filipčič, T. Fitoussi, B. Flaggs, T. Fodran, T. Fujii, A. Fuster, C. Galea, C. Galelli, B. García, H. Gemmeke, F. Gesualdi, A. Gherghel-Lascu, P. L. Ghia, U. Giaccari, M. Giammarchi, J. Glombitza, F. Gobbi, F. Gollan, G. Golup, M. Gómez Berisso, P. F. Gómez Vitale, J. P. Gongora, J. M. González, N. González, I. Goos, D. Góra, A. Gorgi, M. Gottowik, T. D. Grubb, F. Guarino, G. P. Guedes, E. Guido, S. Hahn, P. Hamal, M. R. Hampel, P. Hansen, D. Harari, J. Harton, V. M. Harvey, A. Haungs, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, C. Hojvat, J. R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, T. Huege, A. Insolia, P. G. Isar, P. Janecek, J. A. Johnsen, J. Jurysek, A. Kääpä, K. H. Kampert, B. Keilhauer, A. Khakurdikar, V. V. Kizakke Covilakam, H. O. Klages, M. Kleifges, J. Kleinfeller, F. Knapp, J. Knapp, N. Kunka, C. Lachaud, B. L. Lago, N. Langner, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, V. Lenok, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, D. Lo Presti, L. Lopes, R. López, L. Lu, Q. Luce, J. P. Lundquist, A. Machado Payeras, D. Mandat, B. C. Manning, J. Manshanden, P. Mantsch, S. Marafico, F. M. Mariani, A. G. Mariazzi, I. C. Mariş, G. Marsella, D. Martello, S. Martinelli, O. Martínez Bravo, M. A. Martins, M. Mastrodicasa, H. J. Mathes, J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, E. Mayotte, S. Mayotte, P. O. Mazur, G. Medina-Tanco, J. Meinert, D. Melo, A. Menshikov, S. Michal, M. I. Micheletti, L. Miramonti, S. Mollerach, F. Montanet, L. Morejon, C. Morello, A. L. Müller, K. Mulrey, R. Mussa, M. Muzio, W. M. Namasaka, A. Nasr-Esfahani, L. Nellen, G. Nicora, M. Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M. Niechciol, D. Nitz, I. Norwood, D. Nosek, V. Novotny, L. Nožka, A Nucita, L. A. Núñez, C. Oliveira, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, G. Parente, A. Parra, J. Pawlowsky, M. Pech, J. Pȩkala, R. Pelayo, E. E. Pereira Martins, J. Perez Armand, C. Pérez Bertolli, L. Perrone, S. Petrera, C. Petrucci, T. Pierog, M. Pimenta, M. Platino, B. Pont, M. Pothast, M. Pourmohammad Shavar, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, A. Puyleart, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, D. Ravignani, M. Reininghaus, J. Ridky, F. Riehn, M. Risse, V. Rizi, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M. J. Roncoroni, S. Rossoni, M. Roth, E. Roulet, A. C. Rovero, P. Ruehl, A. Saftoiu, M. Saharan, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, G. Salina, J. D. Sanabria Gomez, F. Sánchez, E. M. Santos, E. Santos, F. Sarazin, R. Sarmento, R. Sato, P. Savina, C. M. Schäfer, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, M. Schimassek, M. Schimp, F. Schlüter, D. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, P. Schovánek, F. G. Schröder, J. Schulte, T. Schulz, S. J. Sciutto, M. Scornavacche, A. Segreto, S. Sehgal, S. U. Shivashankara, G. Sigl, G. Silli, O. Sima, R. Smau, R. Šmída, P. Sommers, J. F. Soriano, R. Squartini, M. Stadelmaier, D. Stanca, S. Stanič, J. Stasielak, P. Stassi, M. Straub, A. Streich, M. Suárez-Durán, T. Sudholz, T. Suomijärvi, A. D. Supanitsky, Z. Szadkowski, A. Tapia, C. Taricco, C. Timmermans, O. Tkachenko, P. Tobiska, C. J. Todero Peixoto, B. Tomé, Z. Torrès, A. Travaini, P. Travnicek, C. Trimarelli, M. Tueros, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, L. Vaclavek, M. Vacula, J. F. Valdés Galicia, L. Valore, E. Varela, A. Vásquez-Ramírez, D. Veberič, C. Ventura, I. D. Vergara Quispe, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, L. M. Villase nor Cendejas, J. Vink, S. Vorobiov, C. Watanabe, A. A. Watson, A. Weindl, L. Wiencke, H. Wilczyński, D. Wittkowski, B. Wundheiler, P. Younk, A. Yushkov, O. Zapparrata, E. Zas, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, and (The Pierre Auger Collaboration)
Subjects: Ultra-high-energy cosmic radiation, Cosmic ray showers, Experimental data, Catalogs, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: A catalog containing details of the highest-energy cosmic rays recorded through the detection of extensive air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory is presented with the aim of opening the data to detailed examination. Descriptions of the 100 showers created by the highest-energy particles recorded between 2004 January 1 and 2020 December 31 are given for cosmic rays that have energies in the range 78–166 EeV. Details are also given on a further nine very energetic events that have been used in the calibration procedure adopted to determine the energy of each primary. A sky plot of the arrival directions of the most energetic particles is shown. No interpretations of the data are offered.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

10. Direct measurement of the muonic content of extensive air showers between $$\mathbf { 2\times 10^{17}}$$ 2×1017 and $$\mathbf {2\times 10^{18}}~$$ 2×1018 eV at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: A. Aab, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, J. M. Albury, I. Allekotte, A. Almela, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, G. A. Anastasi, L. Anchordoqui, B. Andrada, S. Andringa, C. Aramo, P. R. Araújo Ferreira, H. Asorey, P. Assis, G. Avila, A. M. Badescu, A. Bakalova, A. Balaceanu, F. Barbato, R. J. Barreira Luz, K. H. Becker, J. A. Bellido, C. Berat, M. E. Bertaina, X. Bertou, P. L. Biermann, T. Bister, J. Biteau, A. Blanco, J. Blazek, C. Bleve, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, N. Borodai, A. M. Botti, J. Brack, T. Bretz, F. L. Briechle, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, S. Buitink, M. Buscemi, K. S. Caballero-Mora, L. Caccianiga, L. Calcagni, A. Cancio, F. Canfora, I. Caracas, J. M. Carceller, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, F. Catalani, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, M. Cerda, J. A. Chinellato, K. Choi, J. Chudoba, L. Chytka, R. W. Clay, A. C. Cobos Cerutti, R. Colalillo, A. Coleman, M. R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, A. Condorelli, G. Consolati, F. Contreras, F. Convenga, C. E. Covault, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B. R. Dawson, J. A. Day, R. M. de Almeida, J. de Jesús, S. J. de Jong, G. De Mauro, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, J. de Oliveira, D. de Oliveira Franco, V. de Souza, J. Debatin, M. del Río, O. Deligny, N. Dhital, A. Di Matteo, M. L. Díaz Castro, C. Dobrigkeit, J. C. D’Olivo, Q. Dorosti, R. C. dos Anjos, M. T. Dova, J. Ebr, R. Engel, I. Epicoco, M. Erdmann, C. O. Escobar, A. Etchegoyen, H. Falcke, J. Farmer, G. Farrar, A. C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, F. Feldbusch, F. Fenu, B. Fick, J. M. Figueira, A. Filipčič, M. M. Freire, T. Fujii, A. Fuster, C. Galea, C. Galelli, B. García, A. L. Garcia Vegas, H. Gemmeke, F. Gesualdi, A. Gherghel-Lascu, P. L. Ghia, U. Giaccari, M. Giammarchi, M. Giller, J. Glombitza, F. Gobbi, G. Golup, M. Gómez Berisso, P. F. Gómez Vitale, J. P. Gongora, N. González, I. Goos, D. Góra, A. Gorgi, M. Gottowik, T. D. Grubb, F. Guarino, G. P. Guedes, E. Guido, S. Hahn, R. Halliday, M. R. Hampel, P. Hansen, D. Harari, V. M. Harvey, A. Haungs, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, G. C. Hill, C. Hojvat, J. R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, T. Huege, J. Hulsman, A. Insolia, P. G. Isar, J. A. Johnsen, J. Jurysek, A. Kääpä, K. H. Kampert, B. Keilhauer, J. Kemp, H. O. Klages, M. Kleifges, J. Kleinfeller, M. Köpke, G. Kukec Mezek, B. L. Lago, D. LaHurd, R. G. Lang, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, V. Lenok, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, D. Lo Presti, L. Lopes, R. López, A. López Casado, R. Lorek, Q. Luce, A. Lucero, A. Machado Payeras, M. Malacari, G. Mancarella, D. Mandat, B. C. Manning, J. Manshanden, P. Mantsch, A. G. Mariazzi, I. C. Mariş, G. Marsella, D. Martello, H. Martinez, O. Martínez Bravo, M. Mastrodicasa, H. J. Mathes, J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, E. Mayotte, P. O. Mazur, G. Medina-Tanco, D. Melo, A. Menshikov, K.-D. Merenda, S. Michal, M. I. Micheletti, L. Miramonti, D. Mockler, S. Mollerach, F. Montanet, C. Morello, M. Mostafá, A. L. Müller, M. A. Muller, S. Müller, R. Mussa, M. Muzio, W. M. Namasaka, L. Nellen, M. Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M. Niechciol, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, V. Novotny, L. Nožka, A Nucita, L. A. Núñez, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, M. P. Panetta, P. Papenbreer, G. Parente, A. Parra, M. Pech, F. Pedreira, J. Pȩkala, R. Pelayo, J. Peña-Rodriguez, J. Perez Armand, M. Perlin, L. Perrone, C. Peters, S. Petrera, T. Pierog, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, B. Pont, M. Pothast, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, A. Puyleart, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, D. Ravignani, M. Reininghaus, J. Ridky, F. Riehn, M. Risse, P. Ristori, V. Rizi, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M. J. Roncoroni, M. Roth, E. Roulet, A. C. Rovero, P. Ruehl, S. J. Saffi, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, G. Salina, J. D. Sanabria Gomez, F. Sánchez, E. M. Santos, E. Santos, F. Sarazin, R. Sarmento, C. Sarmiento-Cano, R. Sato, P. Savina, C. Schäfer, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, M. Schimassek, M. Schimp, F. Schlüter, D. Schmidt, O. Scholten, P. Schovánek, F. G. Schröder, S. Schröder, S. J. Sciutto, M. Scornavacche, R. C. Shellard, G. Sigl, G. Silli, O. Sima, R. Šmída, P. Sommers, J. F. Soriano, J. Souchard, R. Squartini, M. Stadelmaier, D. Stanca, S. Stanič, J. Stasielak, P. Stassi, A. Streich, M. Suárez-Durán, T. Sudholz, T. Suomijärvi, A. D. Supanitsky, J. Šupík, Z. Szadkowski, A. Taboada, O. A. Taborda, A. Tapia, C. Timmermans, P. Tobiska, C. J. Todero Peixoto, B. Tomé, G. Torralba Elipe, A. Travaini, P. Travnicek, C. Trimarelli, M. Trini, M. Tueros, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, L. Vaclavek, J. F. Valdés Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, A. van Vliet, E. Varela, B. Vargas Cárdenas, A. Vásquez-Ramírez, D. Veberič, C. Ventura, I. D. Vergara Quispe, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, L. Villaseñor, J. Vink, S. Vorobiov, H. Wahlberg, A. A. Watson, M. Weber, A. Weindl, L. Wiencke, H. Wilczyński, T. Winchen, M. Wirtz, D. Wittkowski, B. Wundheiler, A. Yushkov, O. Zapparrata, E. Zas, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, L. Zehrer, A. Zepeda, M. Ziolkowski, F. Zuccarello, and The Pierre Auger Collaboration
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract The hybrid design of the Pierre Auger Observatory allows for the measurement of the properties of extensive air showers initiated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays with unprecedented precision. By using an array of prototype underground muon detectors, we have performed the first direct measurement, by the Auger Collaboration, of the muon content of air showers between $$2\times 10^{17}$$ 2×1017 and $$2\times 10^{18}$$ 2×1018 eV. We have studied the energy evolution of the attenuation-corrected muon density, and compared it to predictions from air shower simulations. The observed densities are found to be larger than those predicted by models. We quantify this discrepancy by combining the measurements from the muon detector with those from the Auger fluorescence detector at $$10^{{17.5}}\, {\mathrm{eV}} $$ 1017.5eV and $$10^{{18}}\, {\mathrm{eV}} $$ 1018eV . We find that, for the models to explain the data, an increase in the muon density of $$38\%$$ 38% $$\pm 4\% (12\%)$$ ±4%(12%) $$\pm {}^{21\%}_{18\%}$$ ±18%21% for EPOS-LHC, and of $$50\% (53\%)$$ 50%(53%) $$\pm 4\% (13\%)$$ ±4%(13%) $$\pm {}^{23\%}_{20\%}$$ ±20%23% for QGSJetII-04, is respectively needed.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. Modeling of GERDA Phase II data

Author: The GERDA collaboration, M. Agostini, A. M. Bakalyarov, M. Balata, I. Barabanov, L. Baudis, C. Bauer, E. Bellotti, S. Belogurov, A. Bettini, L. Bezrukov, D. Borowicz, E. Bossio, V. Bothe, V. Brudanin, R. Brugnera, A. Caldwell, C. Cattadori, A. Chernogorov, T. Comellato, V. D’Andrea, E. V. Demidova, N. Di Marco, A. Domula, E. Doroshkevich, V. Egorov, F. Fischer, M. Fomina, A. Gangapshev, A. Garfagnini, C. Gooch, P. Grabmayr, V. Gurentsov, K. Gusev, J. Hakenmüller, S. Hemmer, R. Hiller, W. Hofmann, M. Hult, L. V. Inzhechik, J. Janicskó Csáthy, J. Jochum, M. Junker, V. Kazalov, Y. Kermaïdic, T. Kihm, I. V. Kirpichnikov, A. Klimenko, R. Kneißl, K. T. Knöpfle, O. Kochetov, V. N. Kornoukhov, P. Krause, V. V. Kuzminov, M. Laubenstein, A. Lazzaro, M. Lindner, I. Lippi, A. Lubashevskiy, B. Lubsandorzhiev, G. Lutter, C. Macolino, B. Majorovits, W. Maneschg, M. Miloradovic, R. Mingazheva, M. Misiaszek, P. Moseev, I. Nemchenok, K. Panas, L. Pandola, K. Pelczar, L. Pertoldi, P. Piseri, A. Pullia, C. Ransom, S. Riboldi, N. Rumyantseva, C. Sada, F. Salamida, S. Schönert, J. Schreiner, M. Schütt, A-K. Schütz, O. Schulz, M. Schwarz, B. Schwingenheuer, O. Selivanenko, E. Shevchik, M. Shirchenko, H. Simgen, A. Smolnikov, D. Stukov, L. Vanhoefer, A. A. Vasenko, A. Veresnikova, C. Vignoli, K. von Sturm, T. Wester, C. Wiesinger, M. Wojcik, E. Yanovich, B. Zatschler, I. Zhitnikov, S. V. Zhukov, D. Zinatulina, A. Zschocke, A. J. Zsigmond, K. Zuber, and G. Zuzel
Subjects: Dark Matter and Double Beta Decay (experiments), Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract The GERmanium Detector Array (Gerda) experiment at the Gran Sasso underground laboratory (LNGS) of INFN is searching for neutrinoless double-beta (0νββ) decay of 76Ge. The technological challenge of Gerda is to operate in a “background-free” regime in the region of interest (ROI) after analysis cuts for the full 100 kg·yr target exposure of the experiment. A careful modeling and decomposition of the full-range energy spectrum is essential to predict the shape and composition of events in the ROI around Q ββ for the 0νββ search, to extract a precise measurement of the half-life of the double-beta decay mode with neutrinos (2νββ) and in order to identify the location of residual impurities. The latter will permit future experiments to build strategies in order to further lower the background and achieve even better sensitivities. In this article the background decomposition prior to analysis cuts is presented for Gerda Phase II. The background model fit yields a flat spectrum in the ROI with a background index (BI) of 16.04 − 0.85 + 0.78 · 10 − 3 $$ {16.04}_{-0.85}^{+0.78}\cdotp {10}^{-3} $$ cts/(keV·kg·yr) for the enriched BEGe data set and 14.68 − 0.52 + 0.47 · 10 − 3 $$ {14.68}_{-0.52}^{+0.47}\cdotp {10}^{-3} $$ cts/(keV·kg·yr) for the enriched coaxial data set. These values are similar to the one of Phase I despite a much larger number of detectors and hence radioactive hardware components.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. Characterization of 30 $$^{76}$$ 76 Ge enriched Broad Energy Ge detectors for GERDA Phase II

Author: M. Agostini, A. M. Bakalyarov, E. Andreotti, M. Balata, I. Barabanov, L. Baudis, N. Barros, C. Bauer, E. Bellotti, S. Belogurov, G. Benato, A. Bettini, L. Bezrukov, T. Bode, D. Borowicz, V. Brudanin, R. Brugnera, D. Budjáš, A. Caldwell, C. Cattadori, A. Chernogorov, V. D’Andrea, E. V. Demidova, N. Di Marco, A. Domula, E. Doroshkevich, V. Egorov, R. Falkenstein, K. Freund, A. Gangapshev, A. Garfagnini, C. Gooch, P. Grabmayr, V. Gurentsov, K. Gusev, J. Hakenmüller, A. Hegai, M. Heisel, S. Hemmer, R. Hiller, W. Hofmann, M. Hult, L. V. Inzhechik, J. Janicskó Csáthy, J. Jochum, M. Junker, V. Kazalov, Y. Kermaïdic, T. Kihm, I. V. Kirpichnikov, A. Kirsch, A. Kish, A. Klimenko, R. Kneißl, K. T. Knöpfle, O. Kochetov, V. N. Kornoukhov, V. V. Kuzminov, M. Laubenstein, A. Lazzaro, B. Lehnert, Y. Liao, M. Lindner, I. Lippi, A. Lubashevskiy, B. Lubsandorzhiev, G. Lutter, C. Macolino, B. Majorovits, W. Maneschg, G. Marissens, M. Miloradovic, R. Mingazheva, M. Misiaszek, P. Moseev, I. Nemchenok, K. Panas, L. Pandola, K. Pelczar, A. Pullia, C. Ransom, S. Riboldi, N. Rumyantseva, C. Sada, F. Salamida, M. Salathe, C. Schmitt, B. Schneider, S. Schönert, A.-K. Schütz, O. Schulz, B. Schwingenheuer, O. Selivanenko, E. Shevchik, M. Shirchenko, H. Simgen, A. Smolnikov, L. Stanco, L. Vanhoefer, A. A. Vasenko, A. Veresnikova, K. von Sturm, V. Wagner, A. Wegmann, T. Wester, C. Wiesinger, M. Wojcik, E. Yanovich, I. Zhitnikov, S. V. Zhukov, D. Zinatulina, A. J. Zsigmond, K. Zuber, G. Zuzel, and GERDA Collaboration
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract The GERmanium Detector Array (Gerda) is a low background experiment located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy, which searches for neutrinoless double-beta decay of $$^{76}$$ 76 Ge into $$^{76}$$ 76 Se+2e$$^-$$ - . Gerda has been conceived in two phases. Phase II, which started in December 2015, features several novelties including 30 new 76Ge enriched detectors. These were manufactured according to the Broad Energy Germanium (BEGe) detector design that has a better background discrimination capability and energy resolution compared to formerly widely-used types. Prior to their installation, the new BEGe detectors were mounted in vacuum cryostats and characterized in detail in the Hades underground laboratory in Belgium. This paper describes the properties and the overall performance of these detectors during operation in vacuum. The characterization campaign provided not only direct input for Gerda Phase II data collection and analyses, but also allowed to study detector phenomena, detector correlations as well as to test the accuracy of pulse shape simulation codes.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

13. A 3‐Year Sample of Almost 1,600 Elves Recorded Above South America by the Pierre Auger Cosmic‐Ray Observatory

Author: A. Aab, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, I. F. M. Albuquerque, J. M. Albury, I. Allekotte, A. Almela, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez‐Muñiz, G. A. Anastasi, L. Anchordoqui, B. Andrada, S. Andringa, C. Aramo, H. Asorey, P. Assis, G. Avila, A. M. Badescu, A. Bakalova, A. Balaceanu, F. Barbato, R. J. Barreira Luz, S. Baur, K. H. Becker, J.A. Bellido, C. Berat, M. E. Bertaina, X. Bertou, P. L. Biermann, J. Biteau, S. G. Blaess, A. Blanco, J. Blazek, C. Bleve, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, N. Borodai, A. M. Botti, J. Brack, T. Bretz, A. Bridgeman, F. L. Briechle, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, S. Buitink, M. Buscemi, K. S. Caballero‐Mora, L. Caccianiga, L. Calcagni, A. Cancio, F. Canfora, J. M. Carceller, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, F. Catalani, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, M. Cerda, J. A. Chinellato, J. Chudoba, L. Chytka, R.W. Clay, A. C. Cobos Cerutti, R. Colalillo, A. Coleman, M. R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, A. Condorelli, G. Consolati, F. Contreras, M. J. Cooper, S. Coutu, C. E. Covault, B. Daniel, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B. R. Dawson, J. A. Day, R. M. deAlmeida, S. J. deJong, G. Mauro, J. R. T. deMello Neto, I. Mitri, J. deOliveira, F. O. deOliveira Salles, V. deSouza, J. Debatin, M. delRío, O. Deligny, N. Dhital, M. L. Díaz Castro, F. Diogo, C. Dobrigkeit, J. C. D'Olivo, Q. Dorosti, R. C. dosAnjos, M. T. Dova, A. Dundovic, J. Ebr, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, C. O. Escobar, A. Etchegoyen, H. Falcke, J. Farmer, G. Farrar, A. C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, F. Feldbusch, F. Fenu, L. P. Ferreyro, J. M. Figueira, A. Filipčič, M. M. Freire, T. Fujii, A. Fuster, B. García, H. Gemmeke, A. Gherghel‐Lascu, P. L. Ghia, U. Giaccari, M. Giammarchi, M. Giller, D. Głas, J. Glombitza, F. Gobbi, G. Golup, M. Gómez Berisso, P. F. Gómez Vitale, J. P. Gongora, N. González, I. Goos, D. Góra, A. Gorgi, M. Gottowik, T. D. Grubb, F. Guarino, G. P. Guedes, E. Guido, R. Halliday, M. R. Hampel, P. Hansen, D. Harari, T. A. Harrison, V. M. Harvey, A. Haungs, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, P. Heimann, G. C. Hill, C. Hojvat, E. M. Holt, P. Homola, J. R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, T. Huege, J. Hulsman, A. Insolia, P. G. Isar, I. Jandt, J. A. Johnsen, M. Josebachuili, J. Jurysek, A. Kääpä, K. H. Kampert, B. Keilhauer, N. Kemmerich, J. Kemp, H. O. Klages, M. Kleifges, J. Kleinfeller, R. Krause, D. Kuempel, G. Kukec Mezek, A. Kuotb Awad, B. L. Lago, D. LaHurd, R. G. Lang, R. Legumina, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, V. Lenok, A. Letessier‐Selvon, I. Lhenry‐Yvon, O. C. Lippmann, D. Lo Presti, L. Lopes, R. López, A. López Casado, R. Lorek, Q. Luce, A. Lucero, M. Malacari, G. Mancarella, D. Mandat, B. C. Manning, P. Mantsch, A. G. Mariazzi, I. C. Mariş, G. Marsella, D. Martello, H. Martinez, O. Martínez Bravo, M. Mastrodicasa, H. J. Mathes, S. Mathys, J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, E. Mayotte, P. O. Mazur, G. Medina‐Tanco, D. Melo, A. Menshikov, K.‐D. Merenda, S. Michal, M. I. Micheletti, L. Middendorf, L. Miramonti, B. Mitrica, D. Mockler, S. Mollerach, F. Montanet, C. Morello, G. Morlino, M. Mostafá, A. L. Müller, M. A. Muller, S. Müller, R. Mussa, L. Nellen, P. H. Nguyen, M. Niculescu‐Oglinzanu, M. Niechciol, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, V. Novotny, L. Noža, A Nucita, L.A. Núñez, A. Olinto, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, M. P. Panetta, P. Papenbreer, G. Parente, A. Parra, M. Pech, F. Pedreira, J. Pękala, R. Pelayo, J. Peña‐Rodriguez, L. A. S. Pereira, M. Perlin, L. Perrone, C. Peters, S. Petrera, J. Phuntsok, T. Pierog, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, J. Poh, B. Pont, C. Porowski, R. R. Prado, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, A. Puyleart, S. Querchfeld, S. Quinn, R. Ramos‐Pollan, J. Rautenberg, D. Ravignani, M. Reininghaus, J. Ridky, F. Riehn, M. Risse, P. Ristori, V. Rizi, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M. J. Roncoroni, M. Roth, E. Roulet, A. C. Rovero, P. Ruehl, S. J. Saffi, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, G. Salina, J. D. Sanabria Gomez, F. Sánchez, E. M. Santos, E. Santos, F. Sarazin, R. Sarmento, C. Sarmiento‐Cano, R. Sato, P. Savina, M. Schauer, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, M. Schimassek, M. Schimp, F. Schlüter, D. Schmidt, O. Scholten, P. Schovánek, F. G. Schröder, S. Schröder, J. Schumacher, S. J. Sciutto, M. Scornavacche, R. C. Shellard, G. Sigl, G. Silli, O. Sima, R. Šmída, G.R. Snow, P. Sommers, J. F. Soriano, J. Souchard, R. Squartini, D. Stanca, S. Stanič, J. Stasielak, P. Stassi, M. Stolpovskiy, A. Streich, F. Suarez, M. Suárez‐Durán, T. Sudholz, T. Suomijärvi, A.D. Supanitsky, J. Šupík, Z. Szadkowski, A. Taboada, O. A. Taborda, A. Tapia, C. Timmermans, C. J. Todero Peixoto, B. Tomé, G. Torralba Elipe, A. Travaini, P. Travnicek, M. Trini, M. Tueros, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J. F. Valdés Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, P. vanBodegom, A. M. van denBerg, A. vanVliet, E. Varela, B. Vargas Cárdenas, D. Veberič, C. Ventura, I. D. Vergara Quispe, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, L. Villaseñor, J. Vink, S. Vorobiov, H. Wahlberg, A. A. Watson, M. Weber, A. Weindl, M. Wiedeński, L. Wiencke, H. Wilczyński, T. Winchen, M. Wirtz, D. Wittkowski, B. Wundheiler, L. Yang, A. Yushkov, E. Zas, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, L. Zehrer, A. Zepeda, B. Zimmermann, M. Ziolkowski, Z. Zong, and F. Zuccarello
Subjects: Astronomy, QB1-991, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: Abstract Elves are a class of transient luminous events, with a radial extent typically greater than 250 km, that occur in the lower ionosphere above strong electrical storms. We report the observation of 1,598 elves, from 2014 to 2016, recorded with unprecedented time resolution (100 ns) using the fluorescence detector (FD) of the Pierre Auger Cosmic‐Ray Observatory. The Auger Observatory is located in the Mendoza province of Argentina with a viewing footprint for elve observations of 3·106 km 2, reaching areas above the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, as well as the Córdoba region, which is known for severe convective thunderstorms. Primarily designed for ultrahigh energy cosmic‐ray observations, the Auger FD turns out to be very sensitive to the ultraviolet emission in elves. The detector features modified Schmidt optics with large apertures resulting in a field of view that spans the horizon, and year‐round operation on dark nights with low moonlight background, when the local weather is favorable. The measured light profiles of 18% of the elve events have more than one peak, compatible with intracloud activity. Within the 3‐year sample, 72% of the elves correlate with the far‐field radiation measurements of the World Wide Lightning Location Network. The Auger Observatory plans to continue operations until at least 2025, including elve observations and analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this observatory is the only facility on Earth that measures elves with year‐round operation and full horizon coverage.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

14. Upgrade for Phase II of the Gerda experiment

Author: GERDA Collaboration, M. Agostini, A. M. Bakalyarov, M. Balata, I. Barabanov, L. Baudis, C. Bauer, E. Bellotti, S. Belogurov, S. T. Belyaev, G. Benato, A. Bettini, L. Bezrukov, T. Bode, D. Borowicz, V. Brudanin, R. Brugnera, A. Caldwell, C. Cattadori, A. Chernogorov, V. D’Andrea, E. V. Demidova, N. Di Marco, A. Domula, E. Doroshkevich, V. Egorov, R. Falkenstein, N. Frodyma, A. Gangapshev, A. Garfagnini, P. Grabmayr, V. Gurentsov, K. Gusev, J. Hakenmüller, A. Hegai, M. Heisel, S. Hemmer, R. Hiller, W. Hofmann, M. Hult, L. V. Inzhechik, L. Ioannucci, J. Janicskó Csáthy, J. Jochum, M. Junker, V. Kazalov, Y. Kermaïdic, T. Kihm, I. V. Kirpichnikov, A. Kirsch, A. Kish, A. Klimenko, R. Kneißl, K. T. Knöpfle, O. Kochetov, V. N. Kornoukhov, V. V. Kuzminov, M. Laubenstein, A. Lazzaro, V. I. Lebedev, B. Lehnert, M. Lindner, I. Lippi, A. Lubashevskiy, B. Lubsandorzhiev, G. Lutter, C. Macolino, B. Majorovits, W. Maneschg, E. Medinaceli, M. Miloradovic, R. Mingazheva, M. Misiaszek, P. Moseev, I. Nemchenok, S. Nisi, K. Panas, L. Pandola, K. Pelczar, A. Pullia, C. Ransom, S. Riboldi, N. Rumyantseva, C. Sada, F. Salamida, M. Salathe, C. Schmitt, B. Schneider, S. Schönert, J. Schreiner, A-K. Schütz, O. Schulz, B. Schwingenheuer, O. Selivanenko, E. Shevchik, M. Shirchenko, H. Simgen, A. Smolnikov, L. Stanco, L. Vanhoefer, A. A. Vasenko, A. Veresnikova, K. von Sturm, V. Wagner, A. Wegmann, T. Wester, C. Wiesinger, M. Wojcik, E. Yanovich, I. Zhitnikov, S. V. Zhukov, D. Zinatulina, A. J. Zsigmond, K. Zuber, and G. Zuzel
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract The Gerda collaboration is performing a sensitive search for neutrinoless double beta decay of $$^{76}\hbox {Ge}$$ 76Ge at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy. The upgrade of the Gerda experiment from Phase I to Phase II has been concluded in December 2015. The first Phase II data release shows that the goal to suppress the background by one order of magnitude compared to Phase I has been achieved. Gerda is thus the first experiment that will remain “background-free” up to its design exposure ($$\hbox {100 kg}~\hbox {year}$$ 100 kgyear ). It will reach thereby a half-life sensitivity of more than $$10^{26}$$ 1026 year within 3 years of data collection. This paper describes in detail the modifications and improvements of the experimental setup for Phase II and discusses the performance of individual detector components.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

15. Multi-Messenger Physics With the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: Karl-Heinz Kampert, Miguel Alejandro Mostafa, Enrique Zas, The Pierre Auger Collaboration, A. Aab, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, I.F.M. Albuquerque, J.M. Albury, I. Allekotte, A. Almela, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, G.A. Anastasi, L. Anchordoqui, B. Andrada, S. Andringa, C. Aramo, H. Asorey, P. Assis, G. Avila, A.M. Badescu, A. Bakalova, A. Balaceanu, F. Barbato, R.J. Barreira Luz, S. Baur, K.H. Becker, J.A. Bellido, C. Berat, M.E. Bertaina, X. Bertou, P.L. Biermann, J. Biteau, S.G. Blaess, A. Blanco, J. Blazek, C. Bleve, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, N. Borodai, A.M. Botti, J. Brack, T. Bretz, A. Bridgeman, F.L. Briechle, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, S. Buitink, M. Buscemi, K.S. Caballero-Mora, L. Caccianiga, L. Calcagni, A. Cancio, F. Canfora, J.M. Carceller, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, F. Catalani, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, M. Cerda, J.A. Chinellato, J. Chudoba, L. Chytka, R.W. Clay, A.C. Cobos Cerutti, R. Colalillo, A. Coleman, M.R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, A. Condorelli, G. Consolati, F. Contreras, F. Convenga, M.J. Cooper, S. Coutu, C.E. Covault, B. Daniel, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B.R. Dawson, J.A. Day, R.M. de Almeida, S.J. de Jong, G. De Mauro, J.R.T. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, J. de Oliveira, F.O. de Oliveira Salles, V. de Souza, J. Debatin, M. del Río, O. Deligny, N. Dhital, M.L. Díaz Castro, F. Diogo, C. Dobrigkeit, J.C. D'Olivo, Q. Dorosti, R.C. dos Anjos, M.T. Dova, A. Dundovic, J. Ebr, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, C.O. Escobar, A. Etchegoyen, H. Falcke, J. Farmer, G. Farrar, A.C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, F. Feldbusch, F. Fenu, L.P. Ferreyro, J.M. Figueira, A. Filipčič, M.M. Freire, T. Fujii, A. Fuster, B. García, H. Gemmeke, A. Gherghel-Lascu, P.L. Ghia, U. Giaccari, M. Giammarchi, M. Giller, D. Głas, J. Glombitza, F. Gobbi, G. Golup, M. Gómez Berisso, P.F. Gómez Vitale, J.P. Gongora, N. González, I. Goos, D. Góra, A. Gorgi, M. Gottowik, T.D. Grubb, F. Guarino, G.P. Guedes, E. Guido, R. Halliday, M.R. Hampel, P. Hansen, D. Harari, T.A. Harrison, V.M. Harvey, A. Haungs, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, P. Heimann, G.C. Hill, C. Hojvat, E.M. Holt, P. Homola, J.R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, T. Huege, J. Hulsman, A. Insolia, P.G. Isar, I. Jandt, J.A. Johnsen, M. Josebachuili, J. Jurysek, A. Kääpä, K.H. Kampert, B. Keilhauer, N. Kemmerich, J. Kemp, H.O. Klages, M. Kleifges, J. Kleinfeller, R. Krause, D. Kuempel, G. Kukec Mezek, A. Kuotb Awad, B.L. Lago, D. LaHurd, R.G. Lang, R. Legumina, M.A. Leigui de Oliveira, V. Lenok, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, O.C. Lippmann, D. Lo Presti, L. Lopes, R. López, A. López Casado, R. Lorek, Q. Luce, A. Lucero, M. Malacari, G. Mancarella, D. Mandat, B.C. Manning, P. Mantsch, A.G. Mariazzi, I.C. Mariş, G. Marsella, D. Martello, H. Martinez, O. Martínez Bravo, M. Mastrodicasa, H.J. Mathes, S. Mathys, J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, E. Mayotte, P.O. Mazur, G. Medina-Tanco, D. Melo, A. Menshikov, K.-D. Merenda, S. Michal, M.I. Micheletti, L. Middendorf, L. Miramonti, B. Mitrica, D. Mockler, S. Mollerach, F. Montanet, C. Morello, G. Morlino, M. Mostafá, A.L. Müller, M.A. Muller, S. Müller, R. Mussa, L. Nellen, P.H. Nguyen, M. Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M. Niechciol, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, V. Novotny, L. Nožka, A Nucita, L.A. Núñez, F. Oikonomou, A. Olinto, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, M.P. Panetta, P. Papenbreer, G. Parente, A. Parra, M. Pech, F. Pedreira, J. Pȩkala, R. Pelayo, J. Peña-Rodriguez, L.A.S. Pereira, M. Perlin, L. Perrone, C. Peters, S. Petrera, J. Phuntsok, T. Pierog, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, J. Poh, B. Pont, C. Porowski, R.R. Prado, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, A. Puyleart, S. Querchfeld, S. Quinn, R. Ramos-Pollan, J. Rautenberg, D. Ravignani, M. Reininghaus, J. Ridky, F. Riehn, M. Risse, P. Ristori, V. Rizi, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M.J. Roncoroni, M. Roth, E. Roulet, A.C. Rovero, P. Ruehl, S.J. Saffi, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, G. Salina, J.D. Sanabria Gomez, F. Sánchez, E.M. Santos, E. Santos, F. Sarazin, R. Sarmento, C. Sarmiento-Cano, R. Sato, P. Savina, M. Schauer, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, M. Schimassek, M. Schimp, F. Schlüter, D. Schmidt, O. Scholten, P. Schovánek, F.G. Schröder, S. Schröder, J. Schumacher, S.J. Sciutto, M. Scornavacche, R.C. Shellard, G. Sigl, G. Silli, O. Sima, R. Šmída, G.R. Snow, P. Sommers, J.F. Soriano, J. Souchard, R. Squartini, D. Stanca, S. Stanič, J. Stasielak, P. Stassi, M. Stolpovskiy, A. Streich, F. Suarez, M. Suárez-Durán, T. Sudholz, T. Suomijärvi, A.D. Supanitsky, J. Šupík, Z. Szadkowski, A. Taboada, O.A. Taborda, A. Tapia, C. Timmermans, C.J. Todero Peixoto, B. Tomé, G. Torralba Elipe, A. Travaini, P. Travnicek, M. Trini, M. Tueros, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J.F. Valdés Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, P. van Bodegom, A.M. van den Berg, A. van Vliet, E. Varela, B. Vargas Cárdenas, D. Veberič, C. Ventura, I.D. Vergara Quispe, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, L. Villaseñor, J. Vink, S. Vorobiov, H. Wahlberg, A.A. Watson, M. Weber, A. Weindl, M. Wiedeński, L. Wiencke, H. Wilczyński, T. Winchen, M. Wirtz, D. Wittkowski, B. Wundheiler, L. Yang, A. Yushkov, E. Zas, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, L. Zehrer, A. Zepeda, B. Zimmermann, M. Ziolkowski, Z. Zong, and F. Zuccarello
Subjects: UHECR, high energy neutrinos, high energy photons, high energy neutrons, multi-messenger astrophysics, compact binary mergers, Astronomy, QB1-991, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809
Abstract: An overview of the multi-messenger capabilities of the Pierre Auger Observatory is presented. The techniques and performance of searching for Ultra-High Energy neutrinos, photons and neutrons are described. Some of the most relevant results are reviewed, such as stringent upper bounds that were placed to a flux of diffuse cosmogenic neutrinos and photons, bounds placed on neutrinos emitted from compact binary mergers that were detected by LIGO and Virgo during their first and second observing runs, as well as searches for high energy photons and neutrons from the Galactic center that constrain the properties of the putative Galactic PeVatron, observed by the H.E.S.S. collaboration. The observation of directional correlations between ultra-high energy cosmic rays and either high energy astrophysical neutrinos or specific source populations, weighted by their electromagnetic radiation, are also discussed. They constitute additional multi-messenger approaches aimed at identifying the sources of high energy cosmic rays.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

16. Quantum gravity phenomenology at the dawn of the multi-messenger era—A review

Author: A. Addazi, J. Alvarez-Muniz, R. Alves Batista, G. Amelino-Camelia, V. Antonelli, M. Arzano, M. Asorey, J.-L. Atteia, S. Bahamonde, F. Bajardi, A. Ballesteros, B. Baret, D.M. Barreiros, S. Basilakos, D. Benisty, O. Birnholtz, J.J. Blanco-Pillado, D. Blas, J. Bolmont, D. Boncioli, P. Bosso, G. Calcagni, S. Capozziello, J.M. Carmona, S. Cerci, M. Chernyakova, S. Clesse, J.A.B. Coelho, S.M. Colak, J.L. Cortes, S. Das, V. D’Esposito, M. Demirci, M.G. Di Luca, A. di Matteo, D. Dimitrijevic, G. Djordjevic, D. Dominis Prester, A. Eichhorn, J. Ellis, C. Escamilla-Rivera, G. Fabiano, S.A. Franchino-Viñas, A.M. Frassino, D. Frattulillo, S. Funk, A. Fuster, J. Gamboa, A. Gent, L.Á. Gergely, M. Giammarchi, K. Giesel, J.-F. Glicenstein, J. Gracia-Bondía, R. Gracia-Ruiz, G. Gubitosi, E.I. Guendelman, I. Gutierrez-Sagredo, L. Haegel, S. Heefer, A. Held, F.J. Herranz, T. Hinderer, J.I. Illana, A. Ioannisian, P. Jetzer, F.R. Joaquim, K.-H. Kampert, A. Karasu Uysal, T. Katori, N. Kazarian, D. Kerszberg, J. Kowalski-Glikman, S. Kuroyanagi, C. Lämmerzahl, J. Levi Said, S. Liberati, E. Lim, I.P. Lobo, M. López-Moya, G.G. Luciano, M. Manganaro, A. Marcianò, P. Martín-Moruno, Manel Martinez, Mario Martinez, H. Martínez-Huerta, P. Martínez-Miravé, M. Masip, D. Mattingly, N. Mavromatos, A. Mazumdar, F. Méndez, F. Mercati, S. Micanovic, J. Mielczarek, A.L. Miller, M. Milosevic, D. Minic, L. Miramonti, V.A. Mitsou, P. Moniz, S. Mukherjee, G. Nardini, S. Navas, M. Niechciol, A.B. Nielsen, N.A. Obers, F. Oikonomou, D. Oriti, C.F. Paganini, S. Palomares-Ruiz, R. Pasechnik, V. Pasic, C. Pérez de los Heros, C. Pfeifer, M. Pieroni, T. Piran, A. Platania, S. Rastgoo, J.J. Relancio, M.A. Reyes, A. Ricciardone, M. Risse, M.D. Rodriguez Frias, G. Rosati, D. Rubiera-Garcia, H. Sahlmann, M. Sakellariadou, F. Salamida, E.N. Saridakis, P. Satunin, M. Schiffer, F. Schüssler, G. Sigl, J. Sitarek, J. Solà Peracaula, C.F. Sopuerta, T.P. Sotiriou, M. Spurio, D. Staicova, N. Stergioulas, S. Stoica, J. Strišković, T. Stuttard, D. Sunar Cerci, Y. Tavakoli, C.A. Ternes, T. Terzić, T. Thiemann, P. Tinyakov, M.D.C. Torri, M. Tórtola, C. Trimarelli, T. Trześniewski, A. Tureanu, F.R. Urban, E.C. Vagenas, D. Vernieri, V. Vitagliano, J.-C. Wallet, J.D. Zornoza, Addazi, A., Alvarez-Muniz, J., Alves Batista, R., Amelino-Camelia, G., Antonelli, V., Arzano, M., Asorey, M., Atteia, J. -L., Bahamonde, S., Bajardi, F., Ballesteros, A., Baret, B., Barreiros, D. M., Basilakos, S., Benisty, D., Birnholtz, O., Blanco-Pillado, J. J., Blas, D., Bolmont, J., Boncioli, D., Bosso, P., Calcagni, G., Capozziello, S., Carmona, J. M., Cerci, S., Chernyakova, M., Clesse, S., Coelho, J. A. B., Colak, S. M., Cortes, J. L., Das, S., D'Esposito, V., Demirci, M., Di Luca, M. G., di Matteo, A., Dimitrijevic, D., Djordjevic, G., Prester, D. D., Eichhorn, A., Ellis, J., Escamilla-Rivera, C., Fabiano, G., Franchino-Vinas, S. A., Frassino, A. M., Frattulillo, D., Funk, S., Fuster, A., Gamboa, J., Gent, A., Gergely, L. A., Giammarchi, M., Giesel, K., Glicenstein, J. -F., Gracia-Bondia, J., Gracia-Ruiz, R., Gubitosi, G., Guendelman, E. I., Gutierrez-Sagredo, I., Haegel, L., Heefer, S., Held, A., Herranz, F. J., Hinderer, T., Illana, J. I., Ioannisian, A., Jetzer, P., Joaquim, F. R., Kampert, K. -H., Uysal, A. K., Katori, T., Kazarian, N., Kerszberg, D., Kowalski-Glikman, J., Kuroyanagi, S., Lammerzahl, C., Said, J. L., Liberati, S., Lim, E., Lobo, I. P., Lopez-Moya, M., Luciano, G. G., Manganaro, M., Marciano, A., Martin-Moruno, P., Martinez, M., Martinez-Huerta, H., Martinez-Mirave, P., Masip, M., Mattingly, D., Mavromatos, N., Mazumdar, A., Mendez, F., Mercati, F., Micanovic, S., Mielczarek, J., Miller, A. L., Milosevic, M., Minic, D., Miramonti, L., Mitsou, V. A., Moniz, P., Mukherjee, S., Nardini, G., Navas, S., Niechciol, M., Nielsen, A. B., Obers, N. A., Oikonomou, F., Oriti, D., Paganini, C. F., Palomares-Ruiz, S., Pasechnik, R., Pasic, V., Perez de los Heros, C., Pfeifer, C., Pieroni, M., Piran, T., Platania, A., Rastgoo, S., Relancio, J. J., Reyes, M. A., Ricciardone, A., Risse, M., Frias, M. D. R., Rosati, G., Rubiera-Garcia, D., Sahlmann, H., Sakellariadou, M., Salamida, F., Saridakis, E. N., Satunin, P., Schiffer, M., Schussler, F., Sigl, G., Sitarek, J., Peracaula, J. S., Sopuerta, C. F., Sotiriou, T. P., Spurio, M., Staicova, D., Stergioulas, N., Stoica, S., Striskovic, J., Stuttard, T., Cerci, D. S., Tavakoli, Y., Ternes, C. A., Terzic, T., Thiemann, T., Tinyakov, P., Torri, M. D. C., Tortola, M., Trimarelli, C., Trzesniewski, T., Tureanu, A., Urban, F. R., Vagenas, E. C., Vernieri, D., Vitagliano, V., Wallet, J. -C., Zornoza, J. D., AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), A. Addazi, J. Alvarez-Muniz, R. Alves Batista, G. Amelino-Camelia, V. Antonelli, M. Arzano, M. Asorey, J.-L. Atteia, S. Bahamonde, F. Bajardi, A. Ballestero, B. Baret, D.M. Barreiro, S. Basilako, D. Benisty, O. Birnholtz, J.J. Blanco-Pillado, D. Bla, J. Bolmont, D. Boncioli, P. Bosso, G. Calcagni, S. Capozziello, J.M. Carmona, S. Cerci, M. Chernyakov, S. Clesse, J.A.B. Coelho, S.M. Colak, J.L. Corte, S. Da, V. D???Esposito, M. Demirci, M.G. Di Luca, A. di Matteo, D. Dimitrijevic, G. Djordjevic, D. Dominis Prester, A. Eichhorn, J. Elli, C. Escamilla-Rivera, G. Fabiano, S.A. Franchino-Vi??a, A.M. Frassino, D. Frattulillo, S. Funk, A. Fuster, J. Gamboa, A. Gent, L.??. Gergely, M. Giammarchi, K. Giesel, J.-F. Glicenstein, J. Gracia-Bond??a, R. Gracia-Ruiz, G. Gubitosi, E.I. Guendelman, I. Gutierrez-Sagredo, L. Haegel, S. Heefer, A. Held, F.J. Herranz, T. Hinderer, J.I. Illana, A. Ioannisian, P. Jetzer, F.R. Joaquim, K.-H. Kampert, A. Karasu Uysal, T. Katori, N. Kazarian, D. Kerszberg, J. Kowalski-Glikman, S. Kuroyanagi, C. L??mmerzahl, J. Levi Said, S. Liberati, E. Lim, I.P. Lobo, M. L??pez-Moya, G.G. Luciano, M. Manganaro, A. Marcian??, P. Mart??n-Moruno, Manel Martinez, Mario Martinez, H. Mart??nez-Huerta, P. Mart??nez-Mirav??, M. Masip, D. Mattingly, N. Mavromato, A. Mazumdar, F. M??ndez, F. Mercati, S. Micanovic, J. Mielczarek, A.L. Miller, M. Milosevic, D. Minic, L. Miramonti, V.A. Mitsou, P. Moniz, S. Mukherjee, G. Nardini, S. Nava, M. Niechciol, A.B. Nielsen, N.A. Ober, F. Oikonomou, D. Oriti, C.F. Paganini, S. Palomares-Ruiz, R. Pasechnik, V. Pasic, C. P??rez de los Hero, C. Pfeifer, M. Pieroni, T. Piran, A. Platania, S. Rastgoo, J.J. Relancio, M.A. Reye, A. Ricciardone, M. Risse, M.D. Rodriguez Fria, G. Rosati, D. Rubiera-Garcia, H. Sahlmann, M. Sakellariadou, F. Salamida, E.N. Saridaki, P. Satunin, M. Schiffer, F. Sch??ssler, G. Sigl, J. Sitarek, J. Sol?? Peracaula, C.F. Sopuerta, T.P. Sotiriou, M. Spurio, D. Staicova, N. Stergioula, S. Stoica, J. Stri??kovi??, T. Stuttard, D. Sunar Cerci, Y. Tavakoli, C.A. Terne, T. Terzi??, T. Thiemann, P. Tinyakov, M.D.C. Torri, M. T??rtola, C. Trimarelli, T. Trze??niewski, A. Tureanu, F.R. Urban, E.C. Vagena, D. Vernieri, V. Vitagliano, J.-C. Wallet, J.D. Zornoza, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique d'Orsay [Orsay] (LPT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, European Commission, Xunta de Galicia, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Research Council, Eusko Jaurlaritza, Generalitat Valenciana, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and Comunidad de Madrid
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Theory, CAUSAL DYNAMICAL TRIANGULATIONS, Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, [PHYS.MPHY]Physics [physics]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], Lorentz invariance violation and deformation, Gamma-ray astronomy, Cosmic neutrinos, Gravitational waves, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Lorentz transformations, Gravitational waves -- Detection, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi, Gamma ray astronomy, Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology, Cosmic neutrino, astro-ph.HE, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), General Relativity and Cosmology, hep-th, hep-ph, Quantum cosmology, ENERGY COSMIC-RAYS, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Neutrinos -- Scattering, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Particle Physics - Theory, Gravitational wave, ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], gr-qc, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), GAMMA-RAY BURST, DOUBLY-SPECIAL RELATIVITY, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Particle Physics - Phenomenology, PRIMORDIAL BLACK-HOLES, Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Fysikk: 430 [VDP], COHERENT STATES GCS, Quantum gravity, GENERALIZED UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE, EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND LIGHT, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], LORENTZ INVARIANCE VIOLATION
Abstract: The exploration of the universe has recently entered a new era thanks to the multimessenger paradigm, characterized by a continuous increase in the quantity and quality of experimental data that is obtained by the detection of the various cosmic messengers (photons, neutrinos, cosmic rays and gravitational waves) from numerous origins. They give us information about their sources in the universe and the properties of the intergalactic medium. Moreover, multi-messenger astronomy opens up the possibility to search for phenomenological signatures of quantum gravity. On the one hand, the most energetic events allow us to test our physical theories at energy regimes which are not directly accessible in accelerators; on the other hand, tiny effects in the propagation of very high energy particles could be amplified by cosmological distances. After decades of merely theoretical investigations, the possibility of obtaining phenomenological indications of Planck-scale effects is a revolutionary step in the quest for a quantum theory of gravity, but it requires cooperation between different communities of physicists (both theoretical and experimental). This review, prepared within the COST Action CA18108 ‘‘Quantum gravity phenomenology in the multi-messenger approach", is aimed at promoting this cooperation by giving a state-of-the art account of the interdisciplinary expertise that is needed in the effective search of quantum gravity footprints in the production, propagation and detection of cosmic messengers., Talent Scientific Research Program of College of Physics, Sichuan University 1082204112427, Fostering Program in Disciplines Possessing Novel Features for Natural Science of Sichuan University 2020SCUNL209, 1000 Talent program of Sichuan province 2021, Xunta de Galicia, European Commission European Union ERDF, "Maria de Maeztu'' Units of Excellence program MDM-2016-0692, Red Tematica Nacional de Astroparticulas RED2018-102661-T, La Caixa Foundation 100010434, European Commission 847648 LCF/BQ/PI21/11830030 754510, Ministry of Education, Science & Technological Development, Serbia 451-03-9/2021-14/200124, FSR Incoming Postdoctoral Fellowship Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Serbia 451-03-9/2021-14/200124, University of Rijeka grant uniri-prirod-18-48, Croatian Science Foundation (HRZZ) IP-2016-06-9782, Villum Fonden 29405 DGA-FSE 2020-E2117R, European Regional Development Fund through the Center of Excellence (TK133) "The Dark Side of the Universe'' European Regional Development Fund (ESIF/ERDF), Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic CoGraDS-CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15 003/0000437, Blavatnik grant, Basque Government IT-97916 Basque Foundation for Science (IKERBASQUE), European Space Agency C4000120711 4000132310, FNRS (Belgian Fund for Research), Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigacion e Innovacion Tecnologica (PAPIIT), Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico TA100122, National University of La Plata X909 DICYT 042131GR, National Research, Development & Innovation Office (NRDIO) - Hungary 123996, FQXi, Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), European Commission 181461 199307, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) 680-91-119 15MV71, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) 20H01899 20H05853 JP21F21789, Estonian Research Council PRG356, Julian Schwinger Foundation, Generalitat Valenciana Excellence PROMETEO-II/2017/033 PROMETEO/2018/165, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), European ITN project HIDDeN H2020-MSCA-ITN-2019//860881-HIDDeN, Swedish Research Council, European Commission 2016-05996 European Research Council (ERC) European Commission 668679, Advanced ERC grant TReX, Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR) 2017X7X85K, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS 4.4501.18, Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization - Romania PN19-030102-INCDFM PN-III-P4ID-PCE-2020-2374, United States Department of Energy (DOE) DE-SC0020262, Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning, Republic of Korea 075-15-2020-778, German Academic Scholarship Foundation German Research Foundation (DFG) 408049454 420243324 425333893 445990517 Germany's Excellence Strategy (EXC 2121 "Quantum Universe'') 390833306 390837967 Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) 05 A20GU2 05 A20PX1, Centro de Excelencia "Severo Ochoa'' SEV-2016-0588, CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya, Agencia de Gestio D'Ajuts Universitaris de Recerca Agaur (AGAUR) Generalitat de Catalunya 2017-SGR-1469 2017-SGR-929 ICCUB CEX2019-000918-M, National Science Centre, Poland 2019/33/B/ST2/00050 2017/27/B/ST2/01902, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) 306414/2020-1, Dicyt-USACH 041931MF, National Science Fund of Bulgaria KP-06-N 38/11 RCN ROMFORSK 302640, Comunidad de Madrid 2018-T1/TIC-10431 2019-T1/TIC-13177 S2018/NMT-4291, UK Research & Innovation (UKRI), Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ST/T000759/1 ST/P000258/1 ST/T000732/1 ST/V005596/1, Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology UIDB/00618/2020 UIDB/00777/2020 UIDP/00777/2020 CERN/FIS-PAR/0004/2019 PTDC/FIS-PAR/29436/2017 PTDC/FISPAR/31938/2017 PTDC/FIS-OUT/29048/2017 SFRH/BD/137127/2018, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LabEx UnivEarthS ANR-10-LABX-0023 ANR18-IDEX-0001, Junta de Andalucia European Commission A-FQM-053-UGR18, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) RGPIN-2021-03644, National Science Centre Poland Sonata Bis 2019/33/B/ST2/00050 DEC-2017/26/E/ST2/00763, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) DGIID-DGA 2015-E24/2, Spanish Research State Agency and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion MCIN/AEI PID2019-104114RB-C32 PID2019-105544GB-I00 PID2019-105614GB-C21 PID2019106515GB-I00 PID2019-106802GB-I00 PID2019-107394GB-I00 PID2019-107844GB-C21 PID2019-107847RB-C41 MCIN/AEI PGC2018-095328-B-I00 PGC2018-094856-B-I00 PGC2018-096663-B-C41 PGC2018-096663-B-C44 PGC2018-094626-BC21 PGC2018-101858-B-I00 FPA2017-84543-P FPA2016-76005-C2-1-P, Spanish 'Ministerio de Universidades' BG20/00228 Spanish Government PID2020-115845GBI00 Generalitat de Catalunya Comunidad de Madrid S2018/NMT-4291 Spanish Government PID2019-105544GB-I00, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Government of Canada through the Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development, Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Colleges and Universities, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), Fundamental Questions Institute (FQXi), European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) CA18108, Research Council of University of Guilan, Iniziativa Specifica TEONGRAV Iniziativa Specifica QGSKY Iniziativa Specifica QUAGRAP Iniziativa Specifica GeoSymQFT, the Spanish Research State Agency and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion MCIN/AEI PID2020-115845GBI00 PID2019-108485GB-I00 PID2020-113334GB-I00 PID2020-113701GB-I00 PID2020-113775GB-I00 PID2020-118159GB-C41 PID2020-118159GA-C42 PRE2019-089024, Rothchild grant UID/MAT/00212/2020 FPU18/04571
Published: 2022

17. Optimum Filter Synthesis with DPLMS Method for Energy Reconstruction

Author: V. D’Andrea, S. Riboldi, A. Geraci, N. Burlac, and F. Salamida
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Engineering (miscellaneous)
Abstract: Optimum filters are granted increasing recognition as valuable tools for parametric estimation in many scientific and technical fields. The DPLMS method, introduced some twenty years ago, is effective among the synthesis algorithms since it derives the optimum filters directly from the experimental signal and noise waveforms. Two new extensions of the DPLMS method are here presented. The first one speeds up the synthesis phase and improves the energy estimation by synthesizing optimum filters with automatically designed flat-top length. The second one improves the quality of parameter estimation in multi-channel systems by taking advantage of the inter-channel noise correlation properties. The theoretical and functional aspects behind the DPLMS method for optimum filter synthesis are first recalled and illustrated in more detail. The two new DPLMS extensions are subsequently introduced from the theoretical viewpoint and more thoroughly considered from the applicative perspective. The DPLMS optimum filters have been applied first to simulated signals with various amounts and characteristics of superimposed noise and then to the experimental waveforms acquired from a solid-state Ge detector. The results obtained are considered from both the absolute viewpoint and in comparison with those of more traditional, suboptimal filters. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the two new DPLMS extensions. For single-channel energy estimations, the optimum filters provide comparatively better results than the other filters. The DPLMS multi-channel optimum filters further enhance the quality of the estimations, compared to single-channel optimum filters, with non-negligible inter-channel noise correlation. The effectiveness and robustness of the DPLMS method in synthesizing high-quality filters for energy estimation will be tested soon within leading-edge multi-channel physics experiments., Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

18. Extraction of the Muon Signals Recorded with the Surface Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory Using Recurrent Neural Networks

Author: Jose Chinellato, Marvin Gottowik, Dariusz Gora, Eric Mayotte, A. Gorgi, M. Gómez Berisso, Alan Coleman, S. J. Saffi, Ioana Caracas, R. C. Shellard, R.J. Barreira Luz, Miroslav Pech, M. Pothast, Pavel Horvath, A. Letessier-Selvon, Mario Buscemi, G. De Mauro, A. Tapia, Jörg R. Hörandel, I. Lhenry-Yvon, P. Ruehl, L. Valore, H. Gemmeke, Lorenzo Cazon, C. Pérez Bertolli, M. Suárez-Durán, M. Unger, E. M. Santos, Sullivan Marafico, Clara Keiko Oliveira Watanabe, Serguei Vorobiov, Marco Giammarchi, Jon Paul Lundquist, A. Menshikov, R. Alves Batista, Bruce R. Dawson, F. Pedreira, Sofia Andringa, Julien Manshanden, Andres Travaini, E. Varela, J.D. Sanabria Gomez, Roberto Mussa, Frank G. Schröder, P.O. Mazur, Marina Scornavacche, Jonathan Biteau, F. Salamida, A. Yushkov, Paul Sommers, Maximilian Reininghaus, Raul Sarmento, Felix Schlüter, Fabian Gobbi, Ioana Codrina Maris, Violet M. Harvey, D. Harari, Martina Bohacova, G. P. Guedes, Toshihiro Fujii, Jakub Juryšek, John Farmer, D. Nitz, G. Cataldi, V. Scherini, J. Rautenberg, M. Risse, Jonathan Blazek, Q. Luce, Juan Pablo Gongora, Alena Bakalova, K. Choi, Esteban Roulet, D. Melo, M. Schimp, H. J. Mathes, A. Puyleart, Stanislav Michal, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, Orazio Zapparrata, B. C. Manning, Marcio Aparecido Muller, Maria-Teresa Dova, Markus Roth, R. Sato, Lourenco Lopes, P. Abreu, D. Ravignani, G. Golup, N. Kunka, T. Bister, Maria Rita Coluccia, G. C. Hill, Maximilian Stadelmaier, J. F. Valdés Galicia, I. De Mitri, N. Fazzini, Petr Hamal, Ana Martina Botti, Francesco Fenu, Steffen Hahn, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, Antonio Condorelli, Alina Mihaela Badescu, Cristina Galea, Jonas Glombitza, F. C. T. Barbato, M. Prouza, Justin M. Albury, P. L. Ghia, L. R. Wiencke, S. Schröder, Niklas Langner, Italo Epicoco, G. Parente, Fabrizia Canfora, Jose J. Gonzalez, Dusan Mandat, Ralph Engel, J. Ridky, J. Rodriguez Rojo, Fridtjof Feldbusch, Enrique Zas, Lorenzo Caccianiga, L. Zehrer, Thomas Hebbeker, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, Sergio Dasso, Tristan Sudholz, M. I. Micheletti, J. Chudoba, F. Riehn, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Muzio, V. Novotny, A.L. Garcia Vegas, C. M. Schäfer, Marcel Köpke, M. Platino, François Montanet, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, Fernando Contreras, Valerio Verzi, B. Tome, Martín Miguel Freire, Rossella Caruso, B. L. Lago, A. Lucero, Fernando Catalani, Bjarni Pont, E.E. Pereira Martins, J. de Oliveira, J. Pȩkala, Alejandro Almela, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, Brian Fick, Josina Schulte, V. Pirronello, C. J.W.P. Timmermans, Martin Vacula, Julian Kemp, Philipp Papenbreer, Rúben Conceição, M. E. Bertaina, Alan Watson, M. Perlin, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, G. Marsella, Petr Travnicek, Paula Gina Isar, Peter Hansen, W. M. Namasaka, M. Mastrodicasa, Carla Bleve, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, David Wittkowski, Lukáš Vaclavek, Belén Andrada, A. C. Rovero, Eleonora Guido, G. Mancarella, Jesús Peña-Rodríguez, B. Keilhauer, G. Salina, Olivier Deligny, Trent D. Grubb, F. Guarino, John Matthews, Peter Buchholz, Heino Falcke, Alexandru Balaceanu, Vladimir Lenok, P. Tobiska, L. Perrone, Alex Kääpä, Magdalena Cerdá, Juan Manuel Figueira, Roberta Colalillo, Carla Aramo, Matías J. Roncoroni, S. J. Sciutto, R.C. dos Anjos, A. G. Mariazzi, Adriana Vásquez-Ramírez, Vincenzo Rizi, Julien Souchard, D. Martello, J. Vicha, Hernán Asorey, A. Di Matteo, Juan Miguel Carceller, Silvia Mollerach, Flavia Gesualdi, Tomáš Fodran, Alina Nasr-Esfahani, M. Palatka, Xavier Bertou, Marco Aglietta, O. Martínez Bravo, B. Wundheiler, A. Zepeda, Miroslav Hrabovský, Pedro Assis, H. Martinez, A. Etchegoyen, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, L. Lu, H. Schieler, Ugo Giaccari, N. González, A. Segreto, J. F. Soriano, Günter Sigl, Antonella Castellina, A. Haungs, P. Stassi, Radomir Smida, A. Machado Payeras, Thomas Bretz, Gaia Silli, A. Filipčič, Kai Daumiller, F. Sanchez, Petr Janecek, Corbin Covault, F. Sarazin, Srijan Sehgal, Matías Rolf Hampel, Fernando Gollan, S. Petrera, Marc Weber, F. de Palma, P. Mantsch, Lino Miramonti, V. de Souza, D. de Oliveira Franco, G. Matthiae, Z. Szadkowski, Christian Sarmiento-Cano, P. Savina, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, Antonio Bueno, G. Farrar, T. Huege, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, R. M. de Almeida, Gualberto Avila, Octavian Sima, Nataliia Borodai, Miguel Mostafa, A. Fuster, Samo Stanič, D. Lo Presti, D. Correia dos Santos, Isabel Goos, D. Heck, Rodrigo Pelayo, S. J. De Jong, L. Nellen, L. Anchordoqui, A. Taboada, Stijn Buitink, Katie Mulrey, M. del Río, Jarryd A. Day, A. Saftoiu, P.F. Gómez Vitale, C. Morello, A.C. Cobos Cerutti, T. Suomijärvi, D. Nosek, E. Santos, J. Pallotta, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, A. Weindl, Peter L. Biermann, David Schmidt, Paolo Privitera, Hernan Wahlberg, Darko Veberič, A. Parra, M. Schimassek, C. Hojvat, Jan Ebr, Jacco Vink, H.O. Klages, M. Trini, A. A. Nucita, J. Kleinfeller, Carlos Escobar, Kevin-Druis Merenda, A.D. Supanitsky, P.G. Brichetto Orchera, I. Allekotte, A. C. Fauth, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, Fabio Convenga, I.D. Vergara Quispe, J. Stasielak, K.-H. Becker, M. Pimenta, Denise Boncioli, P.R. Araújo Ferreira, Tobias Winchen, Florian Lukas Briechle, A. Aab, K. H. Kampert, J. C. Arteaga Velázquez, J. Perez Armand, Carla Taricco, C. Trimarelli, Matias Tueros, Claudio Galelli, B. García, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Luis A. Nunez, Marcus Niechciol, Martin Erdmann, J. de Jesús, A. Streich, Gioacchino Alex Anastasi, M. Wirtz, Roger W Clay, S. Querchfeld, Olena Tkachenko, J. Šupík, Carlo Ventura, Ladislav Chytka, J. Hulsman, R. Squartini, Alfred Müller, G. Medina-Tanco, M. Zavrtanik, E. De Vito, Giovanni Consolati, C. J. Todero Peixoto, Petr Schovanek, Denis Stanca, H. Wilczyński, Ralf Ulrich, L. Nožka, Physics, Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Alvarez-Muniz, J., Batista, R. A., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Ferreira, P. R. A., Velazquez, J. C. A., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Luz, R. J. B., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Bohacova, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Arbeletche, L. B., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Orchera, P. G. B., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Choi, K., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cerutti, A. C. C., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceicao, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., dos Santos, D. C., Covault, C. E., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., de Almeida, R. M., de Jesus, J., de Jong, S. J., de Mauro, G., de Mello Neto, J. R. T., de Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., de Oliveira Franco, D., de Palma, F., de Souza, V., de Vito, E., del Rio, M., Deligny, O., Di Matteo, A., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., dos Anjos, R. C., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipcic, A., Fodran, T., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., Garcia, B., Vegas, A. L. G., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Berisso, M. G., Vitale, P. F. G., Gongora, J. P., Gonzalez, J. M., Gonzalez, N., Goos, I., Gora, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Hamal, P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Horandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovsky, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Janecek, P., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kaapa, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, J., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Kopke, M., Kunka, N., Lago, B. L., Lang, R. G., Langner, N., de Oliveira, M. A. L., Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lo Presti, D., Lopes, L., Lopez, R., Lu, L., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Lundquist, J. P., Payeras, A. M., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariazzi, A. G., Maris, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Bravo, O. M., Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafa, M., Muller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nasr-Esfahani, A., Nellen, L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nozka, L., Nucita, A., Nunez, L. A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pekala, J., Pelayo, R., Pena-Rodriguez, J., Martins, E. E. P., Armand, J. P., Bertolli, C. P., Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., de Carvalho, W. R., Rojo, J. R., Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Gomez, J. D. S., Sanchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schafer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schluter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovanek, P., Schroder, F. G., Schroder, S., Schulte, J., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Smida, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanic, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Streich, A., Suarez-Duran, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijarvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Supik, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Peixoto, C. J. T., Tome, B., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Trini, M., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Galicia, J. F. V., Valore, L., Varela, E., Varma, V., Vasquez-Ramirez, A., Veberic, D., Ventura, C., Quispe, I. D. V., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczynski, H., Winchen, T., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Zepeda, A., Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Pierre Auger, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Alvarez-Mu??iz, J., Alves Batista, R., Ara??jo Ferreira, P. R., Arteaga Vel??zquez, J. C., Barreira Luz, R. J., Boh????ov??, M., Bonneau Arbeletche, L., Brichetto Orchera, P. G., Cobos Cerutti, A. C., Concei????o, R., Correia dos Santos, D., de Jes??s, J., De Mauro, G., De Mitri, I., De Vito, E., del R??o, M., Filip??i??, A., Garc??a, B., Garcia Vegas, A. L., G??mez Berisso, M., G??mez Vitale, P. F., Gonz??lez, J. M., Gonz??lez, N., G??ra, D., H??randel, J. R., Hrabovsk??, M., K????p??, A., K??pke, M., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., L??pez, R., Machado Payeras, A., Mari??, I. C., Mart??nez Bravo, O., Mostaf??, M., M??ller, A. L., No??ka, L., N????ez, L. A., P??kala, J., Pe??a-Rodriguez, J., Pereira Martins, E. E., Perez Armand, J., P??rez Bertolli, C., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., S??nchez, F., Sch??fer, C. M., Schl??ter, F., Schov??nek, P., Schr??der, F. G., Schr??der, S., m??da, R., Stani??, S., Su??rez-Dur??n, M., Suomij??rvi, T., up??k, J., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tom??, B., Vald??s Galicia, J. F., Varma K. C., V., V??squez-Ram??rez, A., Veberi??, D., Vergara Quispe, I. D., Wilczy??ski, H., High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Aab A., Abreu P., Aglietta M., Albury J.M., Allekotte I., Almela A., Alvarez-Muniz J., Batista R.A., Anastasi G.A., Anchordoqui L., Andrada B., Andringa S., Aramo C., Ferreira P.R.A., Velazquez J.C.A., Asorey H., Assis P., Avila G., Badescu A.M., Bakalova A., Balaceanu A., Barbato F., Luz R.J.B., Becker K.H., Bellido J.A., Berat C., Bertaina M.E., Bertou X., Biermann P.L., Bister T., Biteau J., Blazek J., Bleve C., Bohacova M., Boncioli D., Bonifazi C., Arbeletche L.B., Borodai N., Botti A.M., Brack J., Bretz T., Orchera P.G.B., Briechle F.L., Buchholz P., Bueno A., Buitink S., Buscemi M., Caballero-Mora K.S., Caccianiga L., Canfora F., Caracas I., Carceller J.M., Caruso R., Castellina A., Catalani F., Cataldi G., Cazon L., Cerda M., Chinellato J.A., Choi K., Chudoba J., Chytka L., Clay R.W., Cerutti A.C.C., Colalillo R., Coleman A., Coluccia M.R., Conceicao R., Condorelli A., Consolati G., Contreras F., Convenga F., dos Santos D.C., Covault C.E., Dasso S., Daumiller K., Dawson B.R., Day J.A., de Almeida R.M., de Jesus J., de Jong S.J., de Mauro G., de Mello Neto J.R.T., de Mitri I., de Oliveira J., de Oliveira Franco D., de Palma F., de Souza V., de Vito E., del Rio M., Deligny O., Di Matteo A., Dobrigkeit C., D'Olivo J.C., dos Anjos R.C., Dova M.T., Ebr J., Engel R., Epicoco I., Erdmann M., Escobar C.O., Etchegoyen A., Falcke H., Farmer J., Farrar G., Fauth A.C., Fazzini N., Feldbusch F., Fenu F., Fick B., Figueira J.M., Filipcic A., Fodran T., Freire M.M., Fujii T., Fuster A., Galea C., Galelli C., Garcia B., Vegas A.L.G., Gemmeke H., Gesualdi F., Gherghel-Lascu A., Ghia P.L., Giaccari U., Giammarchi M., Giller M., Glombitza J., Gobbi F., Gollan F., Golup G., Berisso M.G., Vitale P.F.G., Gongora J.P., Gonzalez J.M., Gonzalez N., Goos I., Gora D., Gorgi A., Gottowik M., Grubb T.D., Guarino F., Guedes G.P., Guido E., Hahn S., Hamal P., Hampel M.R., Hansen P., Harari D., Harvey V.M., Haungs A., Hebbeker T., Heck D., Hill G.C., Hojvat C., Horandel J.R., Horvath P., Hrabovsky M., Huege T., Hulsman J., Insolia A., Isar P.G., Janecek P., Johnsen J.A., Jurysek J., Kaapa A., Kampert K.H., Keilhauer B., Kemp J., Klages H.O., Kleifges M., Kleinfeller J., Kopke M., Kunka N., Lago B.L., Lang R.G., Langner N., de Oliveira M.A.L., Lenok V., Letessier-Selvon A., Lhenry-Yvon I., Lo Presti D., Lopes L., Lopez R., Lu L., Luce Q., Lucero A., Lundquist J.P., Payeras A.M., Mancarella G., Mandat D., Manning B.C., Manshanden J., Mantsch P., Marafico S., Mariazzi A.G., Maris I.C., Marsella G., Martello D., Martinez H., Bravo O.M., Mastrodicasa M., Mathes H.J., Matthews J., Matthiae G., Mayotte E., Mazur P.O., Medina-Tanco G., Melo D., Menshikov A., Merenda K.-D., Michal S., Micheletti M.I., Miramonti L., Mollerach S., Montanet F., Morello C., Mostafa M., Muller A.L., Muller M.A., Mulrey K., Mussa R., Muzio M., Namasaka W.M., Nasr-Esfahani A., Nellen L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu M., Niechciol M., Nitz D., Nosek D., Novotny V., Nozka L., Nucita A., Nunez L.A., Palatka M., Pallotta J., Papenbreer P., Parente G., Parra A., Pech M., Pedreira F., Pekala J., Pelayo R., Pena-Rodriguez J., Martins E.E.P., Armand J.P., Bertolli C.P., Perlin M., Perrone L., Petrera S., Pierog T., Pimenta M., Pirronello V., Platino M., Pont B., Pothast M., Privitera P., Prouza M., Puyleart A., Querchfeld S., Rautenberg J., Ravignani D., Reininghaus M., Ridky J., Riehn F., Risse M., Rizi V., de Carvalho W.R., Rojo J.R., Roncoroni M.J., Roth M., Roulet E., Rovero A.C., Ruehl P., Saffi S.J., Saftoiu A., Salamida F., Salazar H., Salina G., Gomez J.D.S., Sanchez F., Santos E.M., Santos E., Sarazin F., Sarmento R., Sarmiento-Cano C., Sato R., Savina P., Schafer C.M., Scherini V., Schieler H., Schimassek M., Schimp M., Schluter F., Schmidt D., Scholten O., Schovanek P., Schroder F.G., Schroder S., Schulte J., Sciutto S.J., Scornavacche M., Segreto A., Sehgal S., Shellard R.C., Sigl G., Silli G., Sima O., Smida R., Sommers P., Soriano J.F., Souchard J., Squartini R., Stadelmaier M., Stanca D., Stanic S., Stasielak J., Stassi P., Streich A., Suarez-Duran M., Sudholz T., Suomijarvi T., Supanitsky A.D., Supik J., Szadkowski Z., Taboada A., Tapia A., Taricco C., Timmermans C., Tkachenko O., Tobiska P., Peixoto C.J.T., Tome B., Travaini A., Travnicek P., Trimarelli C., Trini M., Tueros M., Ulrich R., Unger M., Vaclavek L., Vacula M., Galicia J.F.V., Valore L., Varela E., Varma V., Vasquez-Ramirez A., Veberic D., Ventura C., Quispe I.D.V., Verzi V., Vicha J., Vink J., Vorobiov S., Wahlberg H., Watanabe C., Watson A.A., Weber M., Weindl A., Wiencke L., Wilczynski H., Winchen T., Wirtz M., Wittkowski D., Wundheiler B., Yushkov A., Zapparrata O., Zas E., Zavrtanik D., Zavrtanik M., Zehrer L., and Zepeda A.
Subjects: Photon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, Electron, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Auger, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), mass [cosmic radiation], surface [detector], Observatory, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], photon: cosmic radiation, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Physics, AGASA, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Detector, cosmic radiation [photon], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Monte Carlo [numerical calculations], electromagnetic [showers], observatory, cosmic radiation [electron], Analysis and statistical methods, numerical calculations: Monte Carlo, Analysis and statistical method, performance, positron: cosmic radiation, atmosphere [showers], Cherenkov detector, data analysis method, Calibration and fitting methods, Cherenkov detectors, Cluster finding, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, Pattern recognition, Cherenkov counter: water, air, neural network, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, cosmic radiation [positron], cosmic radiation: mass, Calibration and fitting method, Nuclear physics, statistical analysis, 0103 physical sciences, showers: electromagnetic, ddc:530, ddc:610, High Energy Physics, 010306 general physics, Zenith, Pierre Auger Observatory, cosmic radiation [muon], Muon, showers: atmosphere, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, detector: surface, hep-ex, water [Cherenkov counter], electron: cosmic radiation, Recurrent neural network, muon: cosmic radiation, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physic, Experimental High Energy Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, RAIOS CÓSMICOS, experimental results
Abstract: The Pierre Auger Observatory, at present the largest cosmic-ray observatory ever built, is instrumented with a ground array of 1600 water-Cherenkov detectors, known as the Surface Detector (SD). The SD samples the secondary particle content (mostly photons, electrons, positrons and muons) of extensive air showers initiated by cosmic rays with energies ranging from $10^{17}~$eV up to more than $10^{20}~$eV. Measuring the independent contribution of the muon component to the total registered signal is crucial to enhance the capability of the Observatory to estimate the mass of the cosmic rays on an event-by-event basis. However, with the current design of the SD, it is difficult to straightforwardly separate the contributions of muons to the SD time traces from those of photons, electrons and positrons. In this paper, we present a method aimed at extracting the muon component of the time traces registered with each individual detector of the SD using Recurrent Neural Networks. We derive the performances of the method by training the neural network on simulations, in which the muon and the electromagnetic components of the traces are known. We conclude this work showing the performance of this method on experimental data of the Pierre Auger Observatory. We find that our predictions agree with the parameterizations obtained by the AGASA collaboration to describe the lateral distributions of the electromagnetic and muonic components of extensive air showers., Comment: Published version, 23 pages, 15 figures
Published: 2022

19. The FRAM robotic telescope for atmospheric monitoring at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: Jose Chinellato, Ioana Caracas, Lorenzo Cazon, C. Pérez Bertolli, Ioana Codrina Maris, Marina Scornavacche, R. Ulrich, G. C. Hill, Jorge F. Soriano, Ralph Engel, M. Risse, H. J. Mathes, J. Ridky, Xavier Bertou, G. Marsella, David Wittkowski, G. Salina, Olivier Deligny, M. Unger, Tomáš Fodran, Alina Nasr-Esfahani, Stanislav Michal, Jonathan Blazek, Ugo Giaccari, J. Kleinfeller, K. Choi, Julien Manshanden, Andres Travaini, E. Varela, J.D. Sanabria Gomez, K.-H. Becker, M. Pimenta, P.R. Araújo Ferreira, Tobias Winchen, Denis Stanca, Florian Lukas Briechle, F. Canfora, G. Farrar, Antonio Condorelli, Carla Bleve, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, G. De Mauro, Silvia Mollerach, N. Fazzini, Jonas Glombitza, F. C. T. Barbato, P. Abreu, D. Ravignani, Alena Bakalova, G. Matthiae, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, J. Rodriguez Rojo, Fridtjof Feldbusch, Enrique Zas, Marvin Gottowik, Carlos Escobar, Kevin-Druis Merenda, R.J. Barreira Luz, G. P. Guedes, G. Parente, L. Zehrer, A. Puyleart, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, Jörg R. Hörandel, Paul Sommers, P. Kubánek, Flavia Gesualdi, Fernando Contreras, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, Belén Andrada, P. Tobiska, Antonio Bueno, Violet M. Harvey, D. Harari, J. Chudoba, Valerio Pirronello, Gualberto Avila, B. García, Lukáš Vaclavek, Toshihiro Fujii, Dariusz Gora, Eric Mayotte, A. Zepeda, R. López, G. Mancarella, Pedro Assis, H. Martinez, A. Etchegoyen, Matías J. Roncoroni, Martina Bohacova, A. Aab, J. Biteau, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, A.L. Garcia Vegas, B. Keilhauer, J. de Oliveira, A.D. Supanitsky, M. Gómez Berisso, Jakub Juryšek, Alejandro Almela, R. C. Shellard, S. J. Sciutto, A. Di Matteo, Alan Coleman, S. J. Saffi, B. Wundheiler, Marcel Köpke, Martin Erdmann, J. de Jesús, Juan Miguel Carceller, C. J. Todero Peixoto, Alina Mihaela Badescu, Cristina Galea, John Farmer, Serguei Vorobiov, M. Platino, Maria Rita Coluccia, Carla Taricco, M. Prouza, G. Cataldi, A. Streich, Gioacchino Alex Anastasi, D. Nitz, Juan Pablo Gongora, F. Pedreira, M. I. Micheletti, F. Salamida, M. Wirtz, Petr Hamal, B. L. Lago, P. Ruehl, Fred Sarazin, Thomas Bretz, A. Taboada, V. Scherini, A. Yushkov, Roger W Clay, Clara Keiko Oliveira Watanabe, Matias Tueros, Raul Sarmento, D. Melo, Mario Buscemi, Thomas Hebbeker, Maria-Teresa Dova, Sergio Dasso, Tristan Sudholz, Martin Vacula, Felix Schlüter, Magdalena Cerdá, E.E. Pereira Martins, Steffen Hahn, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, K. H. Kampert, T. Pierog, Fabian Gobbi, Christian Sarmiento-Cano, Hernán Asorey, Martín Miguel Freire, P.F. Gómez Vitale, Heino Falcke, Maximilian Reininghaus, L. R. Wiencke, Niklas Langner, J. C. Arteaga Velázquez, Petr Janecek, Brian Fick, M. Suárez-Durán, J. Vicha, Corbin Covault, Darko Veberič, Matías Rolf Hampel, Esteban Roulet, Rúben Conceição, R. Sato, Paula Gina Isar, J. Rautenberg, D. Nosek, F. Riehn, L. Nožka, Lourenco Lopes, M. Roth, S. Karpov, J. Perez Armand, E. Santos, Jesús Peña-Rodríguez, Q. Luce, Gaia Silli, Dusan Mandat, Justin M. Albury, A. Filipčič, T. Huege, F. Sanchez, Maximilian Stadelmaier, Frank G. Schröder, Lino Miramonti, Luis A. Nunez, A. Gorgi, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, J. F. Valdés Galicia, Marcio Aparecido Muller, M. Zavrtanik, Antoine Letessier-Selvon, A. Fuster, L. Valore, I. De Mitri, Jeffrey Brack, S. Petrera, Marc Weber, W. M. Namasaka, M. Mastrodicasa, D. de Oliveira Franco, K. C. V. Varma, E. De Vito, Olaf Scholten, Marcus Niechciol, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, C. M. Schäfer, A. C. Rovero, Giovanni Consolati, R.C. dos Anjos, Adriana Vásquez-Ramírez, E. M. Santos, A. Weindl, Bjarni Pont, Alexandru Balaceanu, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, Roberto Mussa, Lorenzo Caccianiga, G. Golup, M. Palatka, R. Alves Batista, Bruce R. Dawson, C. Trimarelli, N. Kunka, H. Wilczyński, Claudio Galelli, L. Lu, Juan Manuel González, Carla Aramo, Vincenzo Rizi, P.O. Mazur, Julien Souchard, V. Novotny, C. J.W.P. Timmermans, D. Lo Presti, Rossella Caruso, A. Lucero, Fernando Catalani, D. Martello, S. J. De Jong, A. Tapia, Petr Schovanek, O. Martínez Bravo, Piera Luisa Ghia, T. Bister, Jon Paul Lundquist, A. Menshikov, H. Gemmeke, David Schmidt, S. Schröder, Italo Epicoco, M. Schimassek, François Montanet, Miguel Mostafa, Julian Kemp, S. Querchfeld, Sullivan Marafico, Olena Tkachenko, C. Hojvat, Jan Ebr, Valerio Verzi, Eleonora Guido, L. Nellen, Jarryd A. Day, A. Saftoiu, Marco Giammarchi, J. Šupík, Carlo Ventura, Octavian Sima, M. Mašek, B. Tome, C. Morello, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Jacco Vink, Alex Kääpä, Philipp Papenbreer, Samo Stanič, H.O. Klages, Petr Travnicek, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, Trent D. Grubb, Ladislav Chytka, A.C. Cobos Cerutti, R. Cunniffe, N. González, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, Peter L. Biermann, Juan Manuel Figueira, Isabel Goos, Roberta Colalillo, A. G. Mariazzi, J. Stasielak, Kai Daumiller, H. Schieler, Paolo Privitera, A. A. Nucita, Antonella Castellina, D. Heck, M. del Río, I. Ebrová, Denise Boncioli, P. Savina, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, M. Jelínek, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, Nataliia Borodai, A. Segreto, Vladimir Lenok, L. Perrone, J. Hulsman, Günter Sigl, R. Squartini, Alfred Müller, P. Stassi, Radomir Smida, A. Machado Payeras, J. Eliášek, G. Medina-Tanco, Srijan Sehgal, Miroslav Pech, M. Pothast, Fernando Gollan, F. de Palma, Pavel Horvath, V. de Souza, Sofia Andringa, M. Schimp, B. C. Manning, Ana Martina Botti, Francesco Fenu, Miroslav Hrabovský, A. Haungs, Josina Schulte, Peter Hansen, P. Mantsch, Z. Szadkowski, J. Pkala, F. Guarino, John Matthews, Peter Buchholz, Marco Aglietta, R. M. de Almeida, D. Correia dos Santos, Rodrigo Pelayo, Stijn Buitink, Katie Mulrey, Orazio Zapparrata, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Muzio, M. E. Bertaina, Alan Watson, M. Perlin, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, A. C. Fauth, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, Fabio Convenga, I.D. Vergara Quispe, Hernan Wahlberg, A. Parra, M. Trini, P.G. Brichetto Orchera, I. Allekotte, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Pierre Auger, Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Alvarez-Mu??iz, J., Alves Batista, R., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Ara??jo Ferreira, P. R., Arteaga Vel??zquez, J. C., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Barreira Luz, R. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Boh????ov??, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonneau Arbeletche, L., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Brichetto Orchera, P. G., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Choi, K., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cobos Cerutti, A. C., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Concei????o, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Correia dos Santos, D., Covault, C. E., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., de Almeida, R. M., de Jes??s, J., de Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., de Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., de Oliveira Franco, D., de Palma, F., de Souza, V., De Vito, E., del R??o, M., Deligny, O., Di Matteo, A., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., dos Anjos, R. C., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filip??i??, A., Fodran, T., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., Garc??a, B., Garcia Vegas, A. L., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., G??mez Berisso, M., G??mez Vitale, P. F., Gongora, J. P., Gonz??lez, J. M., Gonz??lez, N., Goos, I., G??ra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Hamal, P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., H??randel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovsk??, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Janecek, P., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., K????p??, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, J., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., K??pke, M., Kunka, N., Lago, B. L., Lang, R. G., Langner, N., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lo Presti, D., Lopes, L., L??pez, R., Lu, L., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Lundquist, J. P., Machado Payeras, A., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariazzi, A. G., Mari??, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Mart??nez Bravo, O., Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostaf??, M., M??ller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nasr-Esfahani, A., Nellen, L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., No??ka, L., Nucita, A., N????ez, L. A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., P??kala, J., Pelayo, R., Pe??a-Rodriguez, J., Pereira Martins, E. E., Perez Armand, J., P??rez Bertolli, C., Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., S??nchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Sch??fer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schl??ter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schov??nek, P., Schr??der, F. G., Schr??der, S., Schulte, J., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., m??da, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stani??, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Streich, A., Su??rez-Dur??n, M., Sudholz, T., Suomij??rvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., up??k, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tom??, B., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Trini, M., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Vald??s Galicia, J. F., Valore, L., Varela, E., Varma K. C., V., V??squez-Ram??rez, A., Veberi??, D., Ventura, C., Vergara Quispe, I. D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczy??ski, H., Winchen, T., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Zepeda, A., Cunniffe, R., Eli????ek, J., Ebrov??, I., Jel??nek, M., Karpov, S., Kub??nek, P., Ma??ek, M., Pierre Auger Collaboration, T., Alvarez-Muniz, J., Araujo Ferreira, P. R., Arteaga Velazquez, J. C., Bohacova, M., Conceicao, R., Correia Dos Santos, D., De Almeida, R. M., De Jesus, J., De Jong, S. J., De Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Oliveira, J., De Oliveira Franco, D., De Palma, F., De Souza, V., Del Rio, M., Dos Anjos, R. C., Filipcic, A., Garcia, B., Gomez Berisso, M., Gomez Vitale, P. F., Gonzalez, J. M., Gonzalez, N., Gora, D., Horandel, J. R., Hrabovsky, M., Kaapa, A., Kopke, M., Leigui De Oliveira, M. A., Lopez, R., Maris, I. C., Martinez Bravo, O., Mostafa, M., Muller, A. L., Nozka, L., Nunez, L. A., Pkala, J., Pena-Rodriguez, J., Perez Bertolli, C., Rodrigues De Carvalho, W., Sanchez, F., Schafer, C. M., Schluter, F., Schovanek, P., Schroder, F. G., Schroder, S., Smida, R., Stanic, S., Suarez-Duran, M., Suomijarvi, T., Supik, J., Tome, B., Valdes Galicia, J. F., Varma, K. C. V., Vasquez-Ramirez, A., Veberic, D., Wilczynski, H., Eliasek, J., Ebrova, I., Jelinek, M., Kubanek, P., Masek, M., Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Pierre Auger Collaboration T., Aab A., Abreu P., Aglietta M., Albury J.M., Allekotte I., Almela A., Alvarez-Muniz J., Alves Batista R., Anastasi G.A., Anchordoqui L., Andrada B., Andringa S., Aramo C., Araujo Ferreira P.R., Arteaga Velazquez J.C., Asorey H., Assis P., Avila G., Badescu A.M., Bakalova A., Balaceanu A., Barbato F., Barreira Luz R.J., Becker K.H., Bellido J.A., Berat C., Bertaina M.E., Bertou X., Biermann P.L., Bister T., Biteau J., Blazek J., Bleve C., Bohacova M., Boncioli D., Bonifazi C., Bonneau Arbeletche L., Borodai N., Botti A.M., Brack J., Bretz T., Brichetto Orchera P.G., Briechle F.L., Buchholz P., Bueno A., Buitink S., Buscemi M., Caballero-Mora K.S., Caccianiga L., Canfora F., Caracas I., Carceller J.M., Caruso R., Castellina A., Catalani F., Cataldi G., Cazon L., Cerda M., Chinellato J.A., Choi K., Chudoba J., Chytka L., Clay R.W., Cobos Cerutti A.C., Colalillo R., Coleman A., Coluccia M.R., Conceicao R., Condorelli A., Consolati G., Contreras F., Convenga F., Correia Dos Santos D., Covault C.E., Dasso S., Daumiller K., Dawson B.R., Day J.A., De Almeida R.M., De Jesus J., De Jong S.J., De Mauro G., De Mello Neto J.R.T., De Mitri I., De Oliveira J., De Oliveira Franco D., De Palma F., De Souza V., De Vito E., Del Rio M., Deligny O., Di Matteo A., Dobrigkeit C., D'Olivo J.C., Dos Anjos R.C., Dova M.T., Ebr J., Engel R., Epicoco I., Erdmann M., Escobar C.O., Etchegoyen A., Falcke H., Farmer J., Farrar G., Fauth A.C., Fazzini N., Feldbusch F., Fenu F., Fick B., Figueira J.M., Filipcic A., Fodran T., Freire M.M., Fujii T., Fuster A., Galea C., Galelli C., Garcia B., Garcia Vegas A.L., Gemmeke H., Gesualdi F., Gherghel-Lascu A., Ghia P.L., Giaccari U., Giammarchi M., Giller M., Glombitza J., Gobbi F., Gollan F., Golup G., Gomez Berisso M., Gomez Vitale P.F., Gongora J.P., Gonzalez J.M., Gonzalez N., Goos I., Gora D., Gorgi A., Gottowik M., Grubb T.D., Guarino F., Guedes G.P., Guido E., Hahn S., Hamal P., Hampel M.R., Hansen P., Harari D., Harvey V.M., Haungs A., Hebbeker T., Heck D., Hill G.C., Hojvat C., Horandel J.R., Horvath P., Hrabovsky M., Huege T., Hulsman J., Insolia A., Isar P.G., Janecek P., Johnsen J.A., Jurysek J., Kaapa A., Kampert K.H., Keilhauer B., Kemp J., Klages H.O., Kleifges M., Kleinfeller J., Kopke M., Kunka N., Lago B.L., Lang R.G., Langner N., Leigui De Oliveira M.A., Lenok V., Letessier-Selvon A., Lhenry-Yvon I., Lo Presti D., Lopes L., Lopez R., Lu L., Luce Q., Lucero A., Lundquist J.P., Machado Payeras A., Mancarella G., Mandat D., Manning B.C., Manshanden J., Mantsch P., Marafico S., Mariazzi A.G., Maris I.C., Marsella G., Martello D., Martinez H., Martinez Bravo O., Mastrodicasa M., Mathes H.J., Matthews J., Matthiae G., Mayotte E., Mazur P.O., Medina-Tanco G., Melo D., Menshikov A., Merenda K.-D., Michal S., Micheletti M.I., Miramonti L., Mollerach S., Montanet F., Morello C., Mostafa M., Muller A.L., Muller M.A., Mulrey K., Mussa R., Muzio M., Namasaka W.M., Nasr-Esfahani A., Nellen L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu M., Niechciol M., Nitz D., Nosek D., Novotny V., Nozka L., Nucita A., Nunez L.A., Palatka M., Pallotta J., Papenbreer P., Parente G., Parra A., Pech M., Pedreira F., Pkala J., Pelayo R., Pena-Rodriguez J., Pereira Martins E.E., Perez Armand J., Perez Bertolli C., Perlin M., Perrone L., Petrera S., Pierog T., Pimenta M., Pirronello V., Platino M., Pont B., Pothast M., Privitera P., Prouza M., Puyleart A., Querchfeld S., Rautenberg J., Ravignani D., Reininghaus M., Ridky J., Riehn F., Risse M., Rizi V., Rodrigues De Carvalho W., Rodriguez Rojo J., Roncoroni M.J., Roth M., Roulet E., Rovero A.C., Ruehl P., Saffi S.J., Saftoiu A., Salamida F., Salazar H., Salina G., Sanabria Gomez J.D., Sanchez F., Santos E.M., Santos E., Sarazin F., Sarmento R., Sarmiento-Cano C., Sato R., Savina P., Schafer C.M., Scherini V., Schieler H., Schimassek M., Schimp M., Schluter F., Schmidt D., Scholten O., Schovanek P., Schroder F.G., Schroder S., Schulte J., Sciutto S.J., Scornavacche M., Segreto A., Sehgal S., Shellard R.C., Sigl G., Silli G., Sima O., Smida R., Sommers P., Soriano J.F., Souchard J., Squartini R., Stadelmaier M., Stanca D., Stanic S., Stasielak J., Stassi P., Streich A., Suarez-Duran M., Sudholz T., Suomijarvi T., Supanitsky A.D., Supik J., Szadkowski Z., Taboada A., Tapia A., Taricco C., Timmermans C., Tkachenko O., Tobiska P., Todero Peixoto C.J., Tome B., Travaini A., Travnicek P., Trimarelli C., Trini M., Tueros M., Ulrich R., Unger M., Vaclavek L., Vacula M., Valdes Galicia J.F., Valore L., Varela E., Varma K.C.V., Vasquez-Ramirez A., Veberic D., Ventura C., Vergara Quispe I.D., Verzi V., Vicha J., Vink J., Vorobiov S., Wahlberg H., Watanabe C., Watson A.A., Weber M., Weindl A., Wiencke L., Wilczynski H., Winchen T., Wirtz M., Wittkowski D., Wundheiler B., Yushkov A., Zapparrata O., Zas E., Zavrtanik D., Zavrtanik M., Zehrer L., Zepeda A., Cunniffe R., Eliasek J., Ebrova I., Jelinek M., Karpov S., Kubanek P., Masek M., and Physics
Subjects: Astronomy, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, Optics, Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons (solid-state) (PIN diodes, APDs, Si-PMTs, G-APDs, CCDs, EBCCDs, EMCCDs, CMOS imagers, etc), Real-time monitoring, 01 natural sciences, Auger, Successful operation, Observatory, optical, APDs, hardware, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, Photon detectors for UV, Mathematical Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), astro-ph.HE, EBCCDs, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Si-PMTs, observatory, Robotic telescope, G-APDs, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Sciences exactes et naturelles, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, programming, detector: fluorescence, Photometry (optics), 0103 physical sciences, ddc:610, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], High Energy Physics, visible and IR photons (solid-state) (PIN diodes, CMOS imagers, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Remote sensing, etc), fluorescence [detector], Pierre Auger Observatory, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Active monitoring, CCDs, laser, monitoring, EMCCDs, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physic, atmosphere, Experimental High Energy Physics, Optic, Environmental science, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], RAIOS CÓSMICOS, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: FRAM (F/Photometric Robotic Atmospheric Monitor) is a robotic telescope operated at the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina for the purposes of atmospheric monitoring using stellar photometry. As a passive system which does not produce any light that could interfere with the observations of the fluorescence telescopes of the observatory, it complements the active monitoring systems that use lasers. We discuss the applications of stellar photometry for atmospheric monitoring at optical observatories in general and the particular modes of operation employed by the Auger FRAM. We describe in detail the technical aspects of FRAM, the hardware and software requirements for a successful operation of a robotic telescope for such a purpose and their implementation within the FRAM system., Published version, 27 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2021

20. Calibration of the Gerda experiment

Author: T. Wester, A.A. Smolnikov, E. V. Demidova, J. Janicskó Csáthy, C. Cattadori, Anna Julia Zsigmond, Kai Zuber, A. V. Veresnikova, D. R. Zinatulina, A. Chernogorov, R. Hiller, T. Comellato, S. Belogurov, I. Zhitnikov, R. Mingazheva, B. Schwingenheuer, C. Bauer, P. Krause, Igor Nemchenok, Stefano Riboldi, L. Shtembari, Bela Majorovits, I. V. Kirpichnikov, Paolo Piseri, J. Huang, O.I. Kochetov, Mikael Hult, M. Misiaszek, M. Miloradovic, Laura Baudis, M. Fomina, S. Hemmer, J. Hakenmüller, G. R. Araujo, S. Schönert, A. M. Gangapshev, C. Vignoli, A. Garfagnini, M. Schütt, Werner Hofmann, O. Schulz, R. Kneißl, I. R. Barabanov, L. Manzanillas, C. Gooch, S. V. Zhukov, Josef Jochum, A. Lubashevskiy, Y. Kermaïdic, K. N. Gusev, V. D'Andrea, K. T. Knöpfle, Ivano Lippi, D. Stukov, Allen Caldwell, C. Wiesinger, V. I. Gurentsov, M. Balata, M. Shirchenko, R. Brugnera, L. B. Bezrukov, K. von Sturm, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, V. B. Brudanin, E. Bossio, A. A. Vasenko, E. Shevchik, V. V. Kazalov, V. V. Kuzminov, L. V. Inzhechik, A. Pullia, Franz Dieter Fischer, E. Doroshkevich, Matteo Agostini, F. Salamida, Cinzia Sada, B. Zatschler, M. M. Wojcik, W. Maneschg, E. A. Yanovich, E. Bellotti, M. Schwarz, C. Ransom, Hardy Simgen, G. Zuzel, L. Pertoldi, A.-K. Schütz, N. Di Marco, M. Junker, Manfred Lindner, O. Selivanenko, C. Macolino, M. Laubenstein, V. N. Kornoukhov, V. Bothe, K. Pelczar, Alessandro Bettini, Y. Müller, Guillaume Lutter, A. M. Bakalyarov, Jochen Schreiner, Th. Kihm, V. Biancacci, H. Khushbakht, P. Moseev, Luciano Pandola, L. Rauscher, A. A. Klimenko, A. Zschocke, N. Rumyantseva, P. Grabmayr, and GERDA Collaboration
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Regular Article - Experimental Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Germanium, Electron, QC770-798, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Standard Model, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Engineering (miscellaneous), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Resolution (electron density), Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Semiconductor detector, QB460-466, chemistry, GERDA - Abteilung Hinton, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: The GERmanium Detector Array (GERDA) collaboration searched for neutrinoless double-$\beta$ decay in $^{76}$Ge with an array of about 40 high-purity isotopically-enriched germanium detectors. The experimental signature of the decay is a monoenergetic signal at Q$_{\beta\beta}$ = 2039.061(7)keV in the measured summed energy spectrum of the two emitted electrons. Both the energy reconstruction and resolution of the germanium detectors are crucial to separate a potential signal from various backgrounds, such as neutrino-accompanied double-$\beta$ decays allowed by the Standard Model. The energy resolution and stability were determined and monitored as a function of time using data from regular $^{228}$Th calibrations. In this work, we describe the calibration process and associated data analysis of the full GERDA dataset, tailored to preserve the excellent resolution of the individual germanium detectors when combining data over several years., Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2021

21. Measurement of the Fluctuations in the Number of Muons in Extensive Air Showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: H. J. Mathes, Stanislav Michal, Miroslav Pech, Antonio Condorelli, M. Pothast, Pavel Horvath, A.L. Garcia Vegas, W. M. Namasaka, A. C. Rovero, M. Risse, J. Rodriguez Rojo, Fridtjof Feldbusch, B. Andrada, Alexandru Balaceanu, Jonathan Blazek, Carla Aramo, Vincenzo Rizi, J. F. Valdés Galicia, Julien Souchard, Sofia Andringa, Enrique Zas, Magdalena Cerdá, Hernán Asorey, I. De Mitri, D. Martello, David Wittkowski, O. Martínez Bravo, K. Mulrey, P. Abreu, D. Ravignani, G. Salina, Danielle LaHurd, Olivier Deligny, Marcel Köpke, M. Platino, Fernando Contreras, A. Tapia, H. Gemmeke, G. Parente, Fabrizia Canfora, L. Zehrer, L. Lopes, Tomáš Fodran, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, Flavia Gesualdi, G. Kukec Mezek, G. Marsella, Valerio Pirronello, R. Lorek, G. De Mauro, M. Unger, Ugo Giaccari, Silvia Mollerach, H. Dembinski, N. Fazzini, Jonas Glombitza, F. C. T. Barbato, Dariusz Gora, M. E. Bertaina, Jon Paul Lundquist, A. Menshikov, K.-H. Becker, M. Pimenta, P.R. Araújo Ferreira, J. de Oliveira, Alejandro Almela, C. J. Todero Peixoto, M. Zavrtanik, Lukáš Vaclavek, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, Jörg R. Hörandel, B. Keilhauer, Marcus Niechciol, A. C. Fauth, Teresa Bister, J. Chudoba, Alan Coleman, B. Tome, Josina Schulte, S. J. Saffi, Tobias Winchen, Julian Kemp, S. J. Sciutto, Carla Bleve, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, Florian Lukas Briechle, Peter Hansen, Lorenzo Caccianiga, Marvin Gottowik, Julien Manshanden, G. Cataldi, E. De Vito, F. Guarino, John Matthews, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Nataliia Borodai, V. Scherini, Paul Sommers, Peter Buchholz, Andres Travaini, Giovanni Consolati, E. Varela, J.D. Sanabria Gomez, Juan Miguel Carceller, Christian Sarmiento-Cano, R. M. de Almeida, P. Tobiska, Alex Kääpä, F. Pedreira, Carla Bonifazi, D. Lo Presti, Jose A. Bellido, S. J. De Jong, Marco Aglietta, Vladimir Lenok, Eric Mayotte, Raul Sarmento, Fabio Convenga, M. M. Freire, Felix Schlüter, H. Wilczyński, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, Fabian Gobbi, Jose Chinellato, F. Sánchez, Serguei Vorobiov, L. Perrone, Alena Bakalova, E. M. Santos, D. Nitz, R. Squartini, Alfred Müller, Petr Schovanek, Valerio Verzi, A. Fuster, G. Golup, M. Gómez Berisso, R. C. Shellard, Octavian Sima, Jarryd A. Day, A. Saftoiu, A.C. Cobos Cerutti, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, G. Torralba Elipe, R. Alves Batista, Bruce R. Dawson, G. Matthiae, Jesús Peña-Rodríguez, Antonio Bueno, Thomas Hebbeker, Sergio Dasso, Tristan Sudholz, H. Schieler, Antonella Castellina, Maria Rita Coluccia, A. Di Matteo, M. Schimp, B. Wundheiler, B. C. Manning, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, A.D. Supanitsky, Fred Sarazin, J. Pȩkala, Ioana Caracas, A. Letessier-Selvon, B. García, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, P.O. Mazur, Thomas Bretz, Lorenzo Cazon, Darko Veberič, Mario Buscemi, Roberto Mussa, T. Huege, I.D. Vergara Quispe, G. Medina-Tanco, R. Halliday, L. Valore, J. Rautenberg, Jeffrey Brack, Günter Sigl, Olaf Scholten, F. Riehn, Marina Scornavacche, Corbin Covault, Jonathan Biteau, Francesco Fenu, Xavier Bertou, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, L. R. Wiencke, Rodrigo Pelayo, Stijn Buitink, Niklas Langner, S. Querchfeld, Olena Tkachenko, J. Šupík, Carlo Ventura, Gualberto Avila, Q. Luce, M. Suárez-Durán, Maximilian Reininghaus, A. Zepeda, Brian Fick, Nicolás González, P. Stassi, Ladislav Chytka, Lino Miramonti, Ioana Codrina Maris, Pedro Assis, François Montanet, Radomir Smida, A. Machado Payeras, Martin Erdmann, J. de Jesús, H. Martinez, A. Etchegoyen, Maximilian Stadelmaier, Sullivan Marafico, Miguel Mostafa, P. Ruehl, D. de Oliveira Franco, A. Streich, Gioacchino Alex Anastasi, Dusan Mandat, J. Stasielak, J. Hulsman, J. Kleinfeller, G. C. Hill, Marco Giammarchi, M. Wirtz, Frank G. Schröder, Eleonora Guido, Roger W Clay, Jorge F. Soriano, Ralph Engel, Denis Stanca, C. M. Schäfer, Fernando Gollan, Massimo Mastrodicasa, Hernan Wahlberg, L. Nellen, Carlos Escobar, Kevin-Druis Merenda, Samo Stanič, K. H. Kampert, J. Ridky, R.J. Barreira Luz, Martin Vacula, John Farmer, C. Morello, Heino Falcke, A. Puyleart, V. de Souza, R. Conceição, Miroslav Hrabovský, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, Isabel Goos, Luis A. Anchordoqui, A. Parra, J. Perez Armand, Kai Daumiller, D. Heck, Maria-Teresa Dova, M. R. Hampel, J. Vicha, A. Haungs, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, Peter L. Biermann, Philipp Papenbreer, M. Schimassek, M. del Río, C. Hojvat, Petr Travnicek, Jan Ebr, Claudio Galelli, Denise Boncioli, Trent D. Grubb, Paolo Privitera, P. Ristori, Jacco Vink, M. Trini, H.O. Klages, M. A. Muller, Markus Roth, Juan Manuel Figueira, Roberta Colalillo, A. G. Mariazzi, P. Savina, A. Aab, A. A. Nucita, Ralf Ulrich, Martina Bohacova, M. I. Micheletti, B. L. Lago, R.C. dos Anjos, Adriana Vásquez-Ramírez, Giovanni Mancarella, Juan Pablo Gongora, M. Palatka, P. Mantsch, A. Cancio, Z. Szadkowski, Matias Tueros, Luis A. Nunez, Paula Gina Isar, F. Salamida, V. Novotny, I. Allekotte, M. J. Roncoroni, Rossella Caruso, A. Lucero, Fernando Catalani, T. Suomijärvi, Caterina Trimarelli, A. Yushkov, D. Melo, D. Nosek, E. Santos, R. Sato, J. Pallotta, A. M. Botti, Niraj Dhital, I. Valiño, G. P. Guedes, Alessio Gorgi, A. Weindl, L. Nožka, Toshihiro Fujii, Orazio Zapparrata, Jakub Juryšek, J. Debatin, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Muzio, Steffen Hahn, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, Esteban Roulet, Justin M. Albury, Alan Watson, David Schmidt, S. Schröder, Italo Epicoco, M. Perlin, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Piera Luisa Ghia, G. Farrar, A. Taboada, P.F. Gómez Vitale, Violet M. Harvey, D. Harari, Alina Mihaela Badescu, Cristina Galea, M. Prouza, Gaia Silli, A. Filipčič, S. Petrera, Marc Weber, Bjarni Pont, C. J.W.P. Timmermans, K. Choi, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Pierre Auger, Aab, A, Abreu, P, Aglietta, M, Albury, J M, Allekotte, I, Almela, A, Alvarez-Muñiz, J, Alves Batista, R, Anastasi, G A, Anchordoqui, L, Andrada, B, Andringa, S, Aramo, C, Araújo Ferreira, P R, Asorey, H, Assis, P, Avila, G, Badescu, A M, Bakalova, A, Balaceanu, A, Barbato, F, Barreira Luz, R J, Becker, K H, Bellido, J A, Berat, C, Bertaina, M E, Bertou, X, Biermann, P L, Bister, T, Biteau, J, Blazek, J, Bleve, C, Boháčová, M, Boncioli, D, Bonifazi, C, Bonneau Arbeletche, L, Borodai, N, Botti, A M, Brack, J, Bretz, T, Briechle, F L, Buchholz, P, Bueno, A, Buitink, S, Buscemi, M, Caballero-Mora, K S, Caccianiga, L, Cancio, A, Canfora, F, Caracas, I, Carceller, J M, Caruso, R, Castellina, A, Catalani, F, Cataldi, G, Cazon, L, Cerda, M, Chinellato, J A, Choi, K, Chudoba, J, Chytka, L, Clay, R W, Cobos Cerutti, A C, Colalillo, R, Coleman, A, Coluccia, M R, Conceição, R, Condorelli, A, Consolati, G, Contreras, F, Convenga, F, Covault, C E, Dasso, S, Daumiller, K, Dawson, B R, Day, J A, de Almeida, R M, de Jesús, J, de Jong, S J, De Mauro, G, de Mello Neto, J R T, De Mitri, I, de Oliveira, J, de Oliveira Franco, D, de Souza, V, De Vito, E, Debatin, J, Del Río, M, Deligny, O, Dembinski, H, Dhital, N, Di Matteo, A, Dobrigkeit, C, D'Olivo, J C, Dos Anjos, R C, Dova, M T, Ebr, J, Engel, R, Epicoco, I, Erdmann, M, Escobar, C O, Etchegoyen, A, Falcke, H, Farmer, J, Farrar, G, Fauth, A C, Fazzini, N, Feldbusch, F, Fenu, F, Fick, B, Figueira, J M, Filipčič, A, Fodran, T, Freire, M M, Fujii, T, Fuster, A, Galea, C, Galelli, C, García, B, Garcia Vegas, A L, Gemmeke, H, Gesualdi, F, Gherghel-Lascu, A, Ghia, P L, Giaccari, U, Giammarchi, M, Giller, M, Glombitza, J, Gobbi, F, Gollan, F, Golup, G, Gómez Berisso, M, Gómez Vitale, P F, Gongora, J P, González, N, Goos, I, Góra, D, Gorgi, A, Gottowik, M, Grubb, T D, Guarino, F, Guedes, G P, Guido, E, Hahn, S, Halliday, R, Hampel, M R, Hansen, P, Harari, D, Harvey, V M, Haungs, A, Hebbeker, T, Heck, D, Hill, G C, Hojvat, C, Hörandel, J R, Horvath, P, Hrabovský, M, Huege, T, Hulsman, J, Insolia, A, Isar, P G, Johnsen, J A, Jurysek, J, Kääpä, A, Kampert, K H, Keilhauer, B, Kemp, J, Klages, H O, Kleifges, M, Kleinfeller, J, Köpke, M, Kukec Mezek, G, Lago, B L, Lahurd, D, Lang, R G, Langner, N, Leigui de Oliveira, M A, Lenok, V, Letessier-Selvon, A, Lhenry-Yvon, I, Lo Presti, D, Lopes, L, López, R, Lorek, R, Luce, Q, Lucero, A, Lundquist, J P, Machado Payeras, A, Mancarella, G, Mandat, D, Manning, B C, Manshanden, J, Mantsch, P, Marafico, S, Mariazzi, A G, Mariş, I C, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Martinez, H, Martínez Bravo, O, Mastrodicasa, M, Mathes, H J, Matthews, J, Matthiae, G, Mayotte, E, Mazur, P O, Medina-Tanco, G, Melo, D, Menshikov, A, Merenda, K-D, Michal, S, Micheletti, M I, Miramonti, L, Mollerach, S, Montanet, F, Morello, C, Mostafá, M, Müller, A L, Muller, M A, Mulrey, K, Mussa, R, Muzio, M, Namasaka, W M, Nellen, L, Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M, Niechciol, M, Nitz, D, Nosek, D, Novotny, V, Nožka, L, Nucita, A, Núñez, L A, Palatka, M, Pallotta, J, Papenbreer, P, Parente, G, Parra, A, Pech, M, Pedreira, F, Pȩkala, J, Pelayo, R, Peña-Rodriguez, J, Perez Armand, J, Perlin, M, Perrone, L, Petrera, S, Pierog, T, Pimenta, M, Pirronello, V, Platino, M, Pont, B, Pothast, M, Privitera, P, Prouza, M, Puyleart, A, Querchfeld, S, Rautenberg, J, Ravignani, D, Reininghaus, M, Ridky, J, Riehn, F, Risse, M, Ristori, P, Rizi, V, Rodrigues de Carvalho, W, Rodriguez Rojo, J, Roncoroni, M J, Roth, M, Roulet, E, Rovero, A C, Ruehl, P, Saffi, S J, Saftoiu, A, Salamida, F, Salazar, H, Salina, G, Sanabria Gomez, J D, Sánchez, F, Santos, E M, Santos, E, Sarazin, F, Sarmento, R, Sarmiento-Cano, C, Sato, R, Savina, P, Schäfer, C M, Scherini, V, Schieler, H, Schimassek, M, Schimp, M, Schlüter, F, Schmidt, D, Scholten, O, Schovánek, P, Schröder, F G, Schröder, S, Schulte, J, Sciutto, S J, Scornavacche, M, Shellard, R C, Sigl, G, Silli, G, Sima, O, Šmída, R, Sommers, P, Soriano, J F, Souchard, J, Squartini, R, Stadelmaier, M, Stanca, D, Stanič, S, Stasielak, J, Stassi, P, Streich, A, Suárez-Durán, M, Sudholz, T, Suomijärvi, T, Supanitsky, A D, Šupík, J, Szadkowski, Z, Taboada, A, Tapia, A, Timmermans, C, Tkachenko, O, Tobiska, P, Todero Peixoto, C J, Tomé, B, Torralba Elipe, G, Travaini, A, Travnicek, P, Trimarelli, C, Trini, M, Tueros, M, Ulrich, R, Unger, M, Vaclavek, L, Vacula, M, Valdés Galicia, J F, Valiño, I, Valore, L, Varela, E, Varma K C, V, Vásquez-Ramírez, A, Veberič, D, Ventura, C, Vergara Quispe, I D, Verzi, V, Vicha, J, Vink, J, Vorobiov, S, Wahlberg, H, Watson, A A, Weber, M, Weindl, A, Wiencke, L, Wilczyński, H, Winchen, T, Wirtz, M, Wittkowski, D, Wundheiler, B, Yushkov, A, Zapparrata, O, Zas, E, Zavrtanik, D, Zavrtanik, M, Zehrer, L, Zepeda, A, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam, Physics, Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Alvarez-Muniz, J., Alves Batista, R., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Araujo Ferreira, P. R., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Barreira Luz, R. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Bohacova, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonneau Arbeletche, L., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Cancio, A., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Choi, K., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cobos Cerutti, A. C., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceicao, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Covault, C. E., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., De Almeida, R. M., De Jesus, J., De Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., De Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., De Oliveira, J., De Oliveira Franco, D., De Souza, V., De Vito, E., Debatin, J., Del Rio, M., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Matteo, A., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Dos Anjos, R. C., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipcic, A., Fodran, T., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., Garcia, B., Garcia Vegas, A. L., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Gomez Berisso, M., Gomez Vitale, P. F., Gongora, J. P., Gonzalez, N., Goos, I., Gora, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Halliday, R., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Horandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovsky, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kaapa, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, J., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Kopke, M., Kukec Mezek, G., Lago, B. L., Lahurd, D., Lang, R. G., Langner, N., Leigui De Oliveira, M. A., Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lo Presti, D., Lopes, L., Lopez, R., Lorek, R., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Lundquist, J. P., Machado Payeras, A., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariazzi, A. G., Maris, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Martinez Bravo, O., Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafa, M., Muller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nellen, L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nozka, L., Nucita, A., Nunez, L. A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pena-Rodriguez, J., Perez Armand, J., Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues De Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., Sanchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schafer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schluter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovanek, P., Schroder, F. G., Schroder, S., Schulte, J., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Smida, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanic, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Streich, A., Suarez-Duran, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijarvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Supik, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Tapia, A., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tome, B., Torralba Elipe, G., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Trini, M., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Valdes Galicia, J. F., Valino, I., Valore, L., Varela, E., Varma, K. C. V., Vasquez-Ramirez, A., Veberic, D., Ventura, C., Vergara Quispe, I. D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczynski, H., Winchen, T., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Zepeda, A., Astronomy, Aab A., Abreu P., Aglietta M., Albury J.M., Allekotte I., Almela A., Alvarez-Muniz J., Alves Batista R., Anastasi G.A., Anchordoqui L., Andrada B., Andringa S., Aramo C., Araujo Ferreira P.R., Asorey H., Assis P., Avila G., Badescu A.M., Bakalova A., Balaceanu A., Barbato F., Barreira Luz R.J., Becker K.H., Bellido J.A., Berat C., Bertaina M.E., Bertou X., Biermann P.L., Bister T., Biteau J., Blazek J., Bleve C., Bohacova M., Boncioli D., Bonifazi C., Bonneau Arbeletche L., Borodai N., Botti A.M., Brack J., Bretz T., Briechle F.L., Buchholz P., Bueno A., Buitink S., Buscemi M., Caballero-Mora K.S., Caccianiga L., Cancio A., Canfora F., Caracas I., Carceller J.M., Caruso R., Castellina A., Catalani F., Cataldi G., Cazon L., Cerda M., Chinellato J.A., Choi K., Chudoba J., Chytka L., Clay R.W., Cobos Cerutti A.C., Colalillo R., Coleman A., Coluccia M.R., Conceicao R., Condorelli A., Consolati G., Contreras F., Convenga F., Covault C.E., Dasso S., Daumiller K., Dawson B.R., Day J.A., De Almeida R.M., De Jesus J., De Jong S.J., De Mauro G., De Mello Neto J.R.T., De Mitri I., De Oliveira J., De Oliveira Franco D., De Souza V., De Vito E., Debatin J., Del Rio M., Deligny O., Dembinski H., Dhital N., Di Matteo A., Dobrigkeit C., D'Olivo J.C., Dos Anjos R.C., Dova M.T., Ebr J., Engel R., Epicoco I., Erdmann M., Escobar C.O., Etchegoyen A., Falcke H., Farmer J., Farrar G., Fauth A.C., Fazzini N., Feldbusch F., Fenu F., Fick B., Figueira J.M., Filipcic A., Fodran T., Freire M.M., Fujii T., Fuster A., Galea C., Galelli C., Garcia B., Garcia Vegas A.L., Gemmeke H., Gesualdi F., Gherghel-Lascu A., Ghia P.L., Giaccari U., Giammarchi M., Giller M., Glombitza J., Gobbi F., Gollan F., Golup G., Gomez Berisso M., Gomez Vitale P.F., Gongora J.P., Gonzalez N., Goos I., Gora D., Gorgi A., Gottowik M., Grubb T.D., Guarino F., Guedes G.P., Guido E., Hahn S., Halliday R., Hampel M.R., Hansen P., Harari D., Harvey V.M., Haungs A., Hebbeker T., Heck D., Hill G.C., Hojvat C., Horandel J.R., Horvath P., Hrabovsky M., Huege T., Hulsman J., Insolia A., Isar P.G., Johnsen J.A., Jurysek J., Kaapa A., Kampert K.H., Keilhauer B., Kemp J., Klages H.O., Kleifges M., Kleinfeller J., Kopke M., Kukec Mezek G., Lago B.L., Lahurd D., Lang R.G., Langner N., Leigui De Oliveira M.A., Lenok V., Letessier-Selvon A., Lhenry-Yvon I., Lo Presti D., Lopes L., Lopez R., Lorek R., Luce Q., Lucero A., Lundquist J.P., Machado Payeras A., Mancarella G., Mandat D., Manning B.C., Manshanden J., Mantsch P., Marafico S., Mariazzi A.G., Maris I.C., Marsella G., Martello D., Martinez H., Martinez Bravo O., Mastrodicasa M., Mathes H.J., Matthews J., Matthiae G., Mayotte E., Mazur P.O., Medina-Tanco G., Melo D., Menshikov A., Merenda K.-D., Michal S., Micheletti M.I., Miramonti L., Mollerach S., Montanet F., Morello C., Mostafa M., Muller A.L., Muller M.A., Mulrey K., Mussa R., Muzio M., Namasaka W.M., Nellen L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu M., Niechciol M., Nitz D., Nosek D., Novotny V., NoZka L., Nucita A., Nunez L.A., Palatka M., Pallotta J., Papenbreer P., Parente G., Parra A., Pech M., Pedreira F., Pkala J., Pelayo R., Pena-Rodriguez J., Perez Armand J., Perlin M., Perrone L., Petrera S., Pierog T., Pimenta M., Pirronello V., Platino M., Pont B., Pothast M., Privitera P., Prouza M., Puyleart A., Querchfeld S., Rautenberg J., Ravignani D., Reininghaus M., Ridky J., Riehn F., Risse M., Ristori P., Rizi V., Rodrigues De Carvalho W., Rodriguez Rojo J., Roncoroni M.J., Roth M., Roulet E., Rovero A.C., Ruehl P., Saffi S.J., Saftoiu A., Salamida F., Salazar H., Salina G., Sanabria Gomez J.D., Sanchez F., Santos E.M., Santos E., Sarazin F., Sarmento R., Sarmiento-Cano C., Sato R., Savina P., Schafer C.M., Scherini V., Schieler H., Schimassek M., Schimp M., Schluter F., Schmidt D., Scholten O., Schovanek P., Schroder F.G., Schroder S., Schulte J., Sciutto S.J., Scornavacche M., Shellard R.C., Sigl G., Silli G., Sima O., Smida R., Sommers P., Soriano J.F., Souchard J., Squartini R., Stadelmaier M., Stanca D., Stanic S., Stasielak J., Stassi P., Streich A., Suarez-Duran M., Sudholz T., Suomijarvi T., Supanitsky A.D., Supik J., Szadkowski Z., Taboada A., Tapia A., Timmermans C., Tkachenko O., Tobiska P., Todero Peixoto C.J., Tome B., Torralba Elipe G., Travaini A., Travnicek P., Trimarelli C., Trini M., Tueros M., Ulrich R., Unger M., Vaclavek L., Vacula M., Valdes Galicia J.F., Valino I., Valore L., Varela E., Varma K. C. V., Vasquez-Ramirez A., Veberic D., Ventura C., Vergara Quispe I.D., Verzi V., Vicha J., Vink J., Vorobiov S., Wahlberg H., Watson A.A., Weber M., Weindl A., Wiencke L., Wilczynski H., Winchen T., Wirtz M., Wittkowski D., Wundheiler B., Yushkov A., Zapparrata O., Zas E., Zavrtanik D., Zavrtanik M., Zehrer L., and Zepeda A.
Subjects: interaction: model, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, Hadron, General Physics and Astronomy, Ultra-high energy cosmic rays, muons properties, hadronic models, 01 natural sciences, cosmic ray, particle interaction, astroparticle detectors, Auger, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), iron, surface [detector], Observatory, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Physics, 4. Education, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, measured [fluctuation], model [interaction], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, model: hadronic, fluctuation: measured, 3. Good health, observatory, Sciences exactes et naturelles, atmosphere [showers], model [particle], air, Cherenkov counter: water, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, UHE [cosmic radiation], FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, detector: fluorescence, Nuclear physics, cosmic rays, muon, 0103 physical sciences, calorimeter, ddc:530, 14. Life underwater, cosmic radiation: UHE, High Energy Physics, distribution function, electromagnetic component, 010306 general physics, Astrophysique, Pierre Auger Observatory, fluorescence [detector], Muon, showers: atmosphere, hep-ex, detector: surface, water [Cherenkov counter], particle: model, Small deviations, Física, ASTROFÍSICA, Air shower, Experimental High Energy Physics, Elementary Particles and Fields, hadronic [model], High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: The successful installation, commissioning, and operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and administrative staff in Malargue. We are very grateful to the following agencies and organizations for financial support: Argentina-Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (ANPCyT), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Gobierno de la Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargue, NDM Holdings and Valle Las Lenas; in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access; Australia-the Australian Research Council; BrazilConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Grants No. 2019/10151-2, No. 2010/07359-6, and No. 1999/05404-3, Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia, Inovacoes e Comunicacoes (MCTIC); Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech RepublicGrants No. MSMT CR LTT18004, No. LM2015038, No. LM2018102, No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001402, No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_046/0016010, and No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008422; France-Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil Regional Ile-de-France, Departement Physique Nucl ' eaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS), Departement Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), Institut Lagrange de Paris (ILP) Grant No. LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63 within the Investissements d'Avenir Programme Grant No. ANR11-IDEX-0004-02; Germany-Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg, Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Ministerium fur Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ministerium fur Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst des Landes Baden-Wurttemberg; Italy-Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), CETEMPS Center of Excellence, Ministero degli Affari Esteri (MAE); Mexico-Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) Grant No. 167733, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), PAPIIT DGAPA-UNAM; The Netherlands-Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), Dutch national e-infrastructure with the support of SURF Cooperative; Poland-Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Grant No. DIR/WK/2018/11, National Science Centre, Grants No. 2013/08/M/ST9/00322, No. 2016/23/B/ST9/01635, and No. HARMONIA 5-2013/10/M/ST9/00062, UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00198; Portugal -Portuguese national funds and FEDER funds within Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (COMPETE); Romania-Romanian Ministry of Education and Research, the Program Nucleu within MCI (PN19150201/16N/2019 and PN19060102), and project PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0839/19PCCDI/2018 within PNCDI III; Slovenia-Slovenian Research Agency, Grants No. P1-0031, No. P1-0385, No. I00033, No. N1-0111; Spain-Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (FPA2017-85114-P and FPA2017-85197-P), Xunta de Galicia (ED431C 2017/07), Junta de Andalucia (SOMM17/6104/UGR), Feder Funds, RENATA Red Nacional Tematica de Astroparticulas (FPA2015-68783-REDT), and Maria de Maeztu Unit of Excellence (MDM-2016-0692); U.S.Department of Energy, Awards No. DE-AC0207CH11359, No. DE-FR02-04ER41300, No. DE-FG0299ER41107, and No. DE-SC0011689, National Science Foundation, Grant No. 0450696, The Grainger Foundation, Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET, European Particle Physics Latin American Network, and UNESCO., We present the first measurement of the fluctuations in the number of muons in extensive air showers produced by ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. We find that the measured fluctuations are in good agreement with predictions from air shower simulations. This observation provides new insights into the origin of the previously reported deficit of muons in air shower simulations and constrains models of hadronic interactions at ultrahigh energies. Our measurement is compatible with the muon deficit originating from small deviations in the predictions from hadronic interaction models of particle production that accumulate as the showers develop., Argentina-Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, ANPCyT, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Gobierno de la Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargue, NDM Holdings, Valle Las Lenas, Australian Research Council, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ), Fundacao de Apoio a Pesquisa do Distrito Federal (FAPDF), Financiadora de Inovacao e Pesquisa (Finep), Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio De Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) 2019/10151-2 2010/07359-6 1999/05404-3, Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia, Inovacoes e Comunicacoes (MCTIC), Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic MSMT CR LTT18004 LM2015038 LM2018102 CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001402 CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_046/0016010 CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008422, France-Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Region Ile-de-France, Departement Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), French National Research Agency (ANR) LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63 ANR11-IDEX-0004-02, Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF), German Research Foundation (DFG), Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg, Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Helmholtz Association, Ministerium fur Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ministerium fur Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst des Landes Baden-Wurttemberg, Italy-Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Istituto Nazionale Astrofisica (INAF), Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR), CETEMPS Center of Excellence, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (Italy), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT) 167733, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), PAPIIT DGAPA-UNAM, Netherlands-Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), Dutch national e-infrastructure, SURF Cooperative, Poland-Ministry of Science and Higher Education DIR/WK/2018/11, National Science Centre, Poland 2013/08/M/ST9/00322 2016/23/B/ST9/01635 HARMONIA 5-2013/10/M/ST9/00062 UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00198, Portugal -Portuguese national funds, FEDER funds within Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (COMPETE), Romania-Romanian Ministry of Education and Research, the Program Nucleu within MCI PN19150201/16N/2019 PN19060102, Romania-Romanian Ministry of Educatio n and Research, the Program Nucleu within PNCDI III PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0839/19PCCDI/2018, Slovenian Research Agency - Slovenia P1-0031 P1-0385 I00033 N1-0111, Spain-Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad FPA2017-85114-P FPA2017-85197-P, Xunta de Galicia European Commission ED431C 2017/07, Junta de Andalucia SOMM17/6104/UGR, European Commission, RENATA Red Nacional Tematica de Astroparticulas FPA2015-68783-REDT, Maria de Maeztu Unit of Excellence MDM-2016-0692, United States Department of Energy (DOE) DE-AC0207CH11359 DE-FR02-04ER41300 DE-FG0299ER41107 DE-SC0011689, National Science Foundation (NSF) 0450696, Grainger Foundation, Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET, European Particle Physics Latin American Network, UNESCO
Published: 2021

22. Design, upgrade and characterization of the silicon photomultiplier front-end for the AMIGA detector at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: Silvia Mollerach, N. Fazzini, Jonas Glombitza, F. C. T. Barbato, D. Zavrtanik, Serguei Vorobiov, J. Kleinfeller, Marcos Cerda, Denis Stanca, D. Melo, W. M. Namasaka, L. Lopes, A. C. Rovero, Alexandru Balaceanu, Carla Aramo, Julien Souchard, D. Martello, O. Martínez Bravo, K. Mulrey, Carla Bleve, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Kevin-Druis Merenda, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, E. Santos, Thomas Bretz, Tiina Suomijarvi, V. Rizi, Corbin Covault, Vladimir Lenok, J. Stasielak, P. Tobiska, L. Perrone, L. Valore, R. Sato, Lino Miramonti, D. de Oliveira Franco, Lukáš Vaclavek, G. Mancarella, G. Marsella, A. Weindl, P. Savina, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, Teresa Bister, Dalibor Nosek, M. Schimp, B. C. Manning, G. P. Guedes, Bjarni Pont, Luis A. Anchordoqui, A. Di Matteo, Marvin Gottowik, B. Keilhauer, P. Abreu, D. Ravignani, Alessio Gorgi, Maximilian Reininghaus, Flavia Gesualdi, Dusan Mandat, Sullivan Marafico, M. Risse, Orazio Zapparrata, Francesco Fenu, Ralf Ulrich, B. Wundheiler, Paul Sommers, Patricia María Hansen, Philipp Papenbreer, E. M. Santos, Eric Mayotte, Toshihiro Fujii, S. J. Sciutto, Juan Miguel Carceller, David Schmidt, J. Perez Armand, M. Gómez Berisso, S. Schröder, Italo Epicoco, Kai Daumiller, F. Sánchez, Marco Giammarchi, Nataliia Borodai, Christian Sarmiento-Cano, G. Parente, Fabrizia Canfora, K. Choi, L. Zehrer, Miroslav Pech, M. Pothast, Valerio Pirronello, C. J.W.P. Timmermans, C. M. Schäfer, C. J. Todero Peixoto, J. F. Valdés Galicia, I. De Mitri, Denise Boncioli, Jakub Juryšek, J. Debatin, Antonio Condorelli, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Muzio, J. de Oliveira, Martin Vacula, Marcel Köpke, M. Platino, R. Alves Batista, Bruce R. Dawson, Trent D. Grubb, D. Nitz, Alejandro Almela, P. Horvath, J. Chudoba, P.O. Mazur, Darko Veberič, Julian Kemp, B. Andrada, A.L. Garcia Vegas, Sofia Andringa, M. A. Muller, A. Aab, G. Cataldi, Michael Prouza, Fred Sarazin, F. Riehn, T. Huege, Marina Scornavacche, A. Tapia, B. Tome, Josina Schulte, Alex Kääpä, Martina Bohacova, L. Nožka, G. De Mauro, F. Guarino, John Matthews, Peter Buchholz, Steffen Hahn, Claudio Galelli, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, Juan Manuel Figueira, Mario Buscemi, L. R. Wiencke, Niklas Langner, Roberta Colalillo, Heino Falcke, V. Scherini, Maria Rita Coluccia, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, Octavian Sima, Marco Aglietta, Marko Zavrtanik, H. Schieler, Esteban Roulet, A. G. Mariazzi, Justin M. Albury, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Hernán Asorey, M. I. Micheletti, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Antonella Castellina, Jonathan Biteau, J. Vicha, G. Farrar, Juan Pablo Gongora, K.-H. Becker, Nicolás González, Jose Chinellato, Alan Watson, H. Wilczyński, M. Suárez-Durán, Xavier Bertou, M. Perlin, Matias Tueros, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M. Pimenta, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Jiri Blazek, E. De Vito, Giovanni Consolati, A. Zepeda, Gaetano Salina, Violet M. Harvey, D. Harari, Luis A. Nunez, Pedro Assis, P.R. Araújo Ferreira, Brian Fick, Piera Luisa Ghia, D. Lo Presti, S. J. De Jong, C. O. Escobar, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, A.D. Supanitsky, H. Martinez, A. Etchegoyen, Marcus Niechciol, A. Taboada, J. Pȩkala, A. Fuster, Miguel Mostafa, Frank G. Schröder, Jarryd A. Day, A. Saftoiu, R.J. Barreira Luz, Tobias Winchen, Julien Manshanden, R. Conceição, A. Puyleart, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, Petr Schovanek, A.C. Cobos Cerutti, P.F. Gómez Vitale, Alina Mihaela Badescu, S. Querchfeld, Andres Travaini, E. Varela, J.D. Sanabria Gomez, Olena Tkachenko, V. Novotny, Ioana Caracas, Cristina Galea, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, A. Haungs, Rossella Caruso, A. Lucero, Fernando Catalani, J. Šupík, Carlo Ventura, Florian Lukas Briechle, Massimo Mastrodicasa, P. Ruehl, M. Schimassek, Caterina Trimarelli, Alena Bakalova, C. Hojvat, Jan Ebr, Ladislav Chytka, Samo Stanič, M. E. Bertaina, Markus Roth, M. HrabovskÃ, Jon Paul Lundquist, A. Menshikov, J. Hulsman, Juan Manuel González, P. Mantsch, B. L. Lago, P. Travnicek, Jacco Vink, H. Gemmeke, M. Unger, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, Z. Szadkowski, Gaia Silli, Isabel Goos, R. Squartini, A. Filipčič, D. Heck, Alfred Müller, H.O. Klages, Thomas Hebbeker, Sergio Dasso, Tristan Sudholz, S. Petrera, Marc Weber, A. Letessier-Selvon, Paula Gina Isar, M. del Río, Günter Sigl, Martín Miguel Freire, Roberto Mussa, P. Stassi, Radomir Smida, G. Medina-Tanco, A. A. Nucita, J. Rautenberg, A. Machado Payeras, B. García, R.C. Shellard, Q. Luce, F. Salamida, Maximilian Stadelmaier, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, R. M. de Almeida, A. Yushkov, Lorenzo Caccianiga, Lorenzo Cazon, G. Golup, Rodrigo Pelayo, Stijn Buitink, Martin Erdmann, François Montanet, J. de Jesús, A. Streich, Gioacchino Alex Anastasi, M. Wirtz, Eleonora Guido, Valerio Verzi, L. Nellen, Roger W Clay, Fernando Gollan, C. Morello, V. de Souza, Peter L. Biermann, Paolo Privitera, David Wittkowski, Olivier Deligny, Tomáš Fodran, Ugo Giaccari, Ioana Codrina Maris, A. C. Fauth, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, Fabio Convenga, G. C. Hill, I.D. Vergara Quispe, Jorge F. Soriano, Hernan Wahlberg, Ralph Engel, A. Parra, P. Ristori, M. Trini, I. Allekotte, M. J. Roncoroni, J. Pallotta, J. Ridky, A. M. Botti, Jörg R. Hörandel, H. J. Mathes, Stanislav Michal, J. Rodriguez Rojo, G. Matthiae, Fridtjof Feldbusch, Enrique Zas, Antonio Bueno, Fernando Contreras, Gualberto Avila, Dariusz Gora, John Farmer, Alan Coleman, Maria-Teresa Dova, M. R. Hampel, S. J. Saffi, F. Pedreira, Raul Sarmento, R.C. dos Anjos, Felix Schlüter, Adriana Vásquez-Ramírez, M. Palatka, Fabian Gobbi, Jesús Peña-Rodríguez, M.A. Leigui de Oliveira, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Alvarez-Muniz, J., Alves Batista, R., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Araujo Ferreira, P. R., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Barreira Luz, R. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Bohacova, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonneau Arbeletche, L., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Choi, K., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cobos Cerutti, A. C., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceicao, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Covault, C. E., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., de Almeida, R. M., de Jesus, J., de Jong, S. J., de Mauro, G., de Mello Neto, J. R. T., de Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., de Oliveira Franco, D., de Souza, V., de Vito, E., Debatin, J., del Rio, M., Deligny, O., Di Matteo, A., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., dos Anjos, R. C., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipcic, A., Fodran, T., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., Garcia, B., Garcia Vegas, A. L., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Gomez Berisso, M., Gomez Vitale, P. F., Gongora, J. P., Gonzalez, J. M., Gonzalez, N., Goos, I., Gora, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Horandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovsky, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kaapa, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, J., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Kopke, M., Lago, B. L., Lang, R. G., Langner, N., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lo Presti, D., Lopes, L., Lopez, R., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Lundquist, J. P., Machado Payeras, A., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariazzi, A. G., Maris, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Martinez Bravo, O., Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafa, M., Muller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nellen, L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nozka, L., Nucita, A., Nunez, L. A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pekala, J., Pelayo, R., Pena-Rodriguez, J., Perez Armand, J., Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., Sanchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schafer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schluter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovanek, P., Schroder, F. G., Schroder, S., Schulte, J., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Smida, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanic, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Streich, A., Suarez-Duran, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijarvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Supik, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Tapia, A., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tome, B., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Trini, M., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Valdes Galicia, J. F., Valore, L., Varela, E., Varma, V. K. C., Vasquez-Ramirez, A., Veberic, D., Ventura, C., Vergara Quispe, I. D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczynski, H., Winchen, T., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Zepeda, A., Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Pierre Auger, Physics, Aab A., Abreu P., Aglietta M., Albury J.M., Allekotte I., Almela A., Alvarez-Muniz J., Alves Batista R., Anastasi G.A., Anchordoqui L., Andrada B., Andringa S., Aramo C., Araujo Ferreira P.R., Asorey H., Assis P., Avila G., Badescu A.M., Bakalova A., Balaceanu A., Barbato F., Barreira Luz R.J., Becker K.H., Bellido J.A., Berat C., Bertaina M.E., Bertou X., Biermann P.L., Bister T., Biteau J., Blazek J., Bleve C., Bohacova M., Boncioli D., Bonifazi C., Bonneau Arbeletche L., Borodai N., Botti A.M., Brack J., Bretz T., Briechle F.L., Buchholz P., Bueno A., Buitink S., Buscemi M., Caballero-Mora K.S., Caccianiga L., Canfora F., Caracas I., Carceller J.M., Caruso R., Castellina A., Catalani F., Cataldi G., Cazon L., Cerda M., Chinellato J.A., Choi K., Chudoba J., Chytka L., Clay R.W., Cobos Cerutti A.C., Colalillo R., Coleman A., Coluccia M.R., Conceicao R., Condorelli A., Consolati G., Contreras F., Convenga F., Covault C.E., Dasso S., Daumiller K., Dawson B.R., Day J.A., de Almeida R.M., de Jesus J., de Jong S.J., de Mauro G., de Mello Neto J.R.T., de Mitri I., de Oliveira J., de Oliveira Franco D., de Souza V., de Vito E., Debatin J., del Rio M., Deligny O., Di Matteo A., Dobrigkeit C., D'Olivo J.C., dos Anjos R.C., Dova M.T., Ebr J., Engel R., Epicoco I., Erdmann M., Escobar C.O., Etchegoyen A., Falcke H., Farmer J., Farrar G., Fauth A.C., Fazzini N., Feldbusch F., Fenu F., Fick B., Figueira J.M., Filipcic A., Fodran T., Freire M.M., Fujii T., Fuster A., Galea C., Galelli C., Garcia B., Garcia Vegas A.L., Gemmeke H., Gesualdi F., Gherghel-Lascu A., Ghia P.L., Giaccari U., Giammarchi M., Giller M., Glombitza J., Gobbi F., Gollan F., Golup G., Gomez Berisso M., Gomez Vitale P.F., Gongora J.P., Gonzalez J.M., Gonzalez N., Goos I., Gora D., Gorgi A., Gottowik M., Grubb T.D., Guarino F., Guedes G.P., Guido E., Hahn S., Hampel M.R., Hansen P., Harari D., Harvey V.M., Haungs A., Hebbeker T., Heck D., Hill G.C., Hojvat C., Horandel J.R., Horvath P., Hrabovsky M., Huege T., Hulsman J., Insolia A., Isar P.G., Johnsen J.A., Jurysek J., Kaapa A., Kampert K.H., Keilhauer B., Kemp J., Klages H.O., Kleifges M., Kleinfeller J., Kopke M., Lago B.L., Lang R.G., Langner N., Leigui de Oliveira M.A., Lenok V., Letessier-Selvon A., Lhenry-Yvon I., Lo Presti D., Lopes L., Lopez R., Luce Q., Lucero A., Lundquist J.P., Machado Payeras A., Mancarella G., Mandat D., Manning B.C., Manshanden J., Mantsch P., Marafico S., Mariazzi A.G., Maris I.C., Marsella G., Martello D., Martinez H., Martinez Bravo O., Mastrodicasa M., Mathes H.J., Matthews J., Matthiae G., Mayotte E., Mazur P.O., Medina-Tanco G., Melo D., Menshikov A., Merenda K.-D., Michal S., Micheletti M.I., Miramonti L., Mollerach S., Montanet F., Morello C., Mostafa M., Muller A.L., Muller M.A., Mulrey K., Mussa R., Muzio M., Namasaka W.M., Nellen L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu M., Niechciol M., Nitz D., Nosek D., Novotny V., Nozka L., Nucita A., Nunez L.A., Palatka M., Pallotta J., Papenbreer P., Parente G., Parra A., Pech M., Pedreira F., Pekala J., Pelayo R., Pena-Rodriguez J., Perez Armand J., Perlin M., Perrone L., Petrera S., Pierog T., Pimenta M., Pirronello V., Platino M., Pont B., Pothast M., Privitera P., Prouza M., Puyleart A., Querchfeld S., Rautenberg J., Ravignani D., Reininghaus M., Ridky J., Riehn F., Risse M., Ristori P., Rizi V., Rodrigues de Carvalho W., Rodriguez Rojo J., Roncoroni M.J., Roth M., Roulet E., Rovero A.C., Ruehl P., Saffi S.J., Saftoiu A., Salamida F., Salazar H., Salina G., Sanabria Gomez J.D., Sanchez F., Santos E.M., Santos E., Sarazin F., Sarmento R., Sarmiento-Cano C., Sato R., Savina P., Schafer C.M., Scherini V., Schieler H., Schimassek M., Schimp M., Schluter F., Schmidt D., Scholten O., Schovanek P., Schroder F.G., Schroder S., Schulte J., Sciutto S.J., Scornavacche M., Shellard R.C., Sigl G., Silli G., Sima O., Smida R., Sommers P., Soriano J.F., Souchard J., Squartini R., Stadelmaier M., Stanca D., Stanic S., Stasielak J., Stassi P., Streich A., Suarez-Duran M., Sudholz T., Suomijarvi T., Supanitsky A.D., Supik J., Szadkowski Z., Taboada A., Tapia A., Timmermans C., Tkachenko O., Tobiska P., Todero Peixoto C.J., Tome B., Travaini A., Travnicek P., Trimarelli C., Trini M., Tueros M., Ulrich R., Unger M., Vaclavek L., Vacula M., Valdes Galicia J.F., Valore L., Varela E., Varma V.K.C., Vasquez-Ramirez A., Veberic D., Ventura C., Vergara Quispe I.D., Verzi V., Vicha J., Vink J., Vorobiov S., Wahlberg H., Watson A.A., Weber M., Weindl A., Wiencke L., Wilczynski H., Winchen T., Wirtz M., Wittkowski D., Wundheiler B., Yushkov A., Zapparrata O., Zas E., Zavrtanik D., Zavrtanik M., Zehrer L., Zepeda A., and Research unit Astroparticle Physics
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, Performance of High Energy Physics Detector, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Etc), 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, Front-end electronics for detector readout, APDs, Instrumentation, physics.ins-det, Photon detectors for UV, Mathematical Physics, Instrumentation et méthodes en physique, EBCCDs, Visible and IR photons (solid-state) (PIN diodes, APDs, Si-PMTs, G-APDs, CCDs, EBCCDs, EMCCDs, CMOS imagers, etc), electronics, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Calibration and fitting methods, Performance of High Energy Physics Detectors, Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons (solid-state) (PIN diodes, APDs, Si-PMTs, G-APDs, CCDs, EBCCDs, EMCCDs, CMOS imagers, etc), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Si-PMTs, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), charged particle, CCDs, Cluster finding, CMOS imagers, EMCCDs, Pattern recognition, G-APDs, Visible and IR photons (solid-state) (PIN diodes, Auger, observatory, density [muon], Pattern recognition, cluster finding, calibration and fitting method, Christian ministry, upgrade, ddc:620, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, performance, atmosphere [showers], Land access, Cherenkov counter: water, air, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, UHE [cosmic radiation], FOS: Physical sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Political science, 0103 physical sciences, muon: density, photomultiplier: silicon, High Energy Physics, cosmic radiation: UHE, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], ddc:610, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Engineering & allied operations, scintillation counter, showers: atmosphere, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, water [Cherenkov counter], Autres mathématiques, Research council, efficiency, Experimental High Energy Physics, silicon [photomultiplier], High Energy Physics::Experiment, Humanities, RAIOS CÓSMICOS, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: The successful installation, commissioning, and operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and administrative staff in Malargue. We are very grateful to the following agencies and organizations for financial support: Argentina -Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica; Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (ANPCyT); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET); Gobierno de la Provincia de Mendoza; Municipalidad de Malargue; NDM Holdings and Valle Las Lenas; in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access; Australia -the Australian Research Council; Brazil -Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP); Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Grants No. 2019/10151-2, No. 2010/07359-6 and No. 1999/05404-3; Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia, Inovacoes e Comunicacoes (MCTIC); Czech Republic Grant No. MSMT CR LTT18004, LM2015038, LM2018102, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001402, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_046/0016010 and CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008422; France -Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Conseil Regional Ile-de-France; Departement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS); Departement Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS); Institut Lagrange de Paris (ILP) Grant No. LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63 within the Investissements d'Avenir Programme Grant No. ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02; Germany-Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg; Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP); Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF); Ministerium fur Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen; Ministerium fur Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst des Landes Baden-Wurttemberg; Italy-Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF); Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR); CETEMPS Center of Excellence; Ministero degli Affari Esteri (MAE); Mexico-Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) No. 167733; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM); PAPIIT DGAPA-UNAM; The Netherlands -Ministry of Education, Culture and Science; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO); Dutch national e-infrastructure with the support of SURF Cooperative; Poland-Ministry of Science and Higher Education, grant No. DIR/WK/2018/11; National Science Centre, Grants No. 2013/08/M/ST9/00322, No. 2016/23/B/ST9/01635 and No. HARMONIA 5-2013/10/M/ST9/00062, UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00198; Portugal -Portuguese national funds and FEDER funds within Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (COMPETE); Romania-Romanian Ministry of Education and Research, the Program Nucleu within MCI(PN19150201/16N/2019 and PN19060102) and project PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0839/19PCCDI/2018 within PNCDI III; Slovenia -Slovenian Research Agency, grants P1-0031, P1-0385, I0-0033, N1-0111; Spain-Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (FPA2017-85114-P and FPA2017-85197-P), Xunta de Galicia (ED431C 2017/07), Junta de Andalucia (SOMM17/6104/UGR), Feder Funds, RENATA Red Nacional Tematica de Astroparticulas (FPA2015-68783-REDT) and Maria de Maeztu Unit of Excellence (MDM-2016-0692); U.S.A. -Department of Energy, Contracts No. DE-AC02-07CH11359, No. DE-FR02-04ER41300, No. DE-FG02-99ER41107 and No. DE-SC0011689; National Science Foundation, Grant No. 0450696; The Grainger Foundation; Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET; European Particle Physics Latin American Network; and UNESCO., AMIGA (Auger Muons and Infill for the Ground Array) is an upgrade of the Pierre Auger Observatory to complement the study of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECR) by measuring the muon content of extensive air showers (EAS). It consists of an array of 61 water Cherenkov detectors on a denser spacing in combination with underground scintillation detectors used for muon density measurement. Each detector is composed of three scintillation modules, with 10 m(2) detection area per module, buried at 2.3 m depth, resulting in a total detection area of 30 m(2). Silicon photomultiplier sensors (SiPM) measure the amount of scintillation light generated by charged particles traversing the modules. In this paper, the design of the front-end electronics to process the signals of those SiPMs and test results from the laboratory and from the Pierre Auger Observatory are described. Compared to our previous prototype, the new electronics shows a higher performance, higher efficiency and lower power consumption, and it has a new acquisition system with increased dynamic range that allows measurements closer to the shower core. The new acquisition system is based on the measurement of the total charge signal that the muonic component of the cosmic ray shower generates in the detector., Argentina - Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Argentina - Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (ANPCyT), Argentina - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Argentina - Gobierno de la Provincia de Mendoza, Argentina - Municipalidad de Malargue, Argentina - NDM Holdings, Argentina - Valle Las Lenas, Australian Research Council, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) Fundacao de Apoio a Pesquisa do Distrito Federal (FAPDF) Brazil - Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio De Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) 2019/10151-2 2010/07359-6 1999/05404-3, Brazil - Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia, Inovacoes e Comunicacoes (MCTIC), Brazil - Czech Republic Grant MSMT CR LTT18004 LM2015038 LM2018102 CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001402 CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_046/0016010 CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008422, France - Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France - Conseil Regional Ile-de-France, France - Departement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS), France - Departement Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), French National Research Agency (ANR) LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63, Institut Lagrange de Paris (ILP) within the Investissements d'Avenir Programme ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02, Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF), Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), German Research Foundation (DFG), Germany - Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany - Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Germany - Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Germany - Ministerium fur Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany - Ministerium fur Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst des Landes Baden-Wurttemberg, Italy - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy - Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Italy - Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy - CETEMPS Center of Excellence, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT) 167733, Mexico - Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico - PAPIIT DGAPA-UNAM, Netherlands - Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), The Netherlands - SURF Cooperative, Poland - Ministry of Science and Higher Education DIR/WK/2018/11 Poland - National Science Centre 2013/08/M/ST9/00322 2016/23/B/ST9/01635 HARMONIA 5-2013/10/M/ST9/00062 UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00198, Portugal - Portuguese national funds Portugal - FEDER funds within Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (COMPETE), Romania - Romanian Ministry of Education and Research Romania - Program Nucleu within MCI PN19150201/16N/2019 PN19060102 Romania - PNCDI III PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0839/19PCCDI/2018, Slovenian Research Agency - Slovenia P1-0031 P1-0385 I0-0033 N1-0111, Spain - Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad FPA2017-85114-P FPA2017-85197-P, Spain - Xunta de Galicia ED431C 2017/07, Junta de Andalucia SOMM17/6104/UGR, Spain - Feder Funds, Spain - RENATA Red Nacional Tematica de Astroparticulas FPA2015-68783-REDT, Spain - Maria de Maeztu Unit of Excellence MDM-2016-0692, United States Department of Energy (DOE) DE-AC02-07CH11359, National Science Foundation (NSF) 0450696, U.S.A. - Grainger Foundation U.S.A. - Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET U.S.A. - European Particle Physics Latin American Network U.S.A. - UNESCO, Italy - Ministero degli Affari Esteri (MAE), The Netherlands - Dutch national e-infrastructure
Published: 2021

23. Deep-learning based reconstruction of the shower maximum X max using the water-Cherenkov detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: A. Segreto, Günter Sigl, Orazio Zapparrata, P. Stassi, Radomir Smida, A. Machado Payeras, G. Cataldi, V. Scherini, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Muzio, Marcio Aparecido Muller, Srijan Sehgal, Fernando Gollan, Carla Bleve, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, M. E. Bertaina, F. de Palma, Alan Watson, M. Perlin, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, L. Valore, Belén Andrada, Marina Scornavacche, V. de Souza, G. Golup, Violet M. Harvey, D. Harari, N. Kunka, T. Bister, F. Riehn, P. Tobiska, Jonathan Biteau, M. I. Micheletti, A. Insolia, Jesús Peña-Rodríguez, Matías J. Roncoroni, Sullivan Marafico, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, Marco Giammarchi, R.J. Barreira Luz, D. Melo, G. P. Guedes, F. Salamida, N. Fazzini, Jonas Glombitza, F. C. T. Barbato, A. Yushkov, Alina Mihaela Badescu, Ioana Codrina Maris, R. Sato, Lourenco Lopes, Toshihiro Fujii, S. Schröder, Italo Epicoco, Marvin Gottowik, Cristina Galea, M. Prouza, Brian Fick, Xavier Bertou, A. Di Matteo, Julian Kemp, Eric Mayotte, D. Nitz, Esteban Roulet, P. Abreu, D. Ravignani, R. M. de Almeida, K. H. Kampert, J. C. Arteaga Velázquez, J. Kleinfeller, A. Zepeda, M. Gómez Berisso, R. C. Shellard, Roberto Mussa, A. Puyleart, Jakub Juryšek, Petr Hamal, Steffen Hahn, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, Julien Manshanden, Lorenzo Caccianiga, Pedro Assis, H. Martinez, A. Etchegoyen, G. C. Hill, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, Jan Pękala, Rúben Conceição, Valerio Verzi, B. Tome, J. Chudoba, L. Lu, H. J. Mathes, Stanislav Michal, B. Wundheiler, Andres Travaini, K. Choi, Alex Kääpä, Ralph Engel, Flavia Gesualdi, J. Perez Armand, E. Varela, D. Correia dos Santos, J. Ridky, L. R. Wiencke, T. Pierog, François Montanet, Justin M. Albury, P. L. Ghia, Marcel Köpke, M. Platino, J.D. Sanabria Gomez, Rodrigo Pelayo, Jose J. Gonzalez, Stijn Buitink, Katie Mulrey, Carlos Escobar, G. De Mauro, Kevin-Druis Merenda, Vladimir Lenok, L. Perrone, H. Schieler, C. J. Todero Peixoto, Mario Buscemi, D. Nosek, E. Santos, Niklas Langner, Antonella Castellina, Eleonora Guido, Antonio Condorelli, M. Risse, Jörg R. Hörandel, J. F. Valdés Galicia, I. De Mitri, Jonathan Blazek, Jose Chinellato, J. Rodriguez Rojo, Fridtjof Feldbusch, A.L. Garcia Vegas, Enrique Zas, I. Lhenry-Yvon, C. Trimarelli, Gaia Silli, A. Filipčič, A.D. Supanitsky, Philipp Papenbreer, Claudio Galelli, A. Weindl, M. Suárez-Durán, J. Stasielak, T. Huege, Hernán Gonzalo Asorey, L. Nellen, L. Anchordoqui, Alena Bakalova, C. Morello, Miroslav Hrabovský, Petr Travnicek, Trent D. Grubb, G. Parente, Fabrizia Canfora, Fernando Contreras, A. Haungs, Juan Manuel Figueira, Roberta Colalillo, Paul Sommers, Clara Keiko Oliveira Watanabe, B. García, M. Schimp, A. G. Mariazzi, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, H. Wilczyński, Ioana Caracas, A. Letessier-Selvon, Lorenzo Cazon, C. Pérez Bertolli, F. Sanchez, F. Sarazin, S. Petrera, Marc Weber, David Schmidt, G. Farrar, L. Zehrer, J. de Oliveira, Alejandro Almela, P. Mantsch, Z. Szadkowski, M. Schimassek, C. Hojvat, Jan Ebr, Jacco Vink, Peter L. Biermann, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, Maximilian Reininghaus, Paolo Privitera, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, Martin Erdmann, J. de Jesús, A. Taboada, G. Marsella, E. M. Santos, A. Gorgi, H.O. Klages, B. C. Manning, Dariusz Gora, Bjarni Pont, Thomas Bretz, Petr Janecek, Corbin Covault, Matías Rolf Hampel, Frank G. Schröder, R. Squartini, Alfred Müller, P.F. Gómez Vitale, A. Streich, Gioacchino Alex Anastasi, M. Wirtz, David Wittkowski, G. Salina, Roger W Clay, Olivier Deligny, W. M. Namasaka, M. Mastrodicasa, A. C. Rovero, Alexandru Balaceanu, A. A. Nucita, Alan Coleman, Lino Miramonti, S. J. Saffi, Lukáš Vaclavek, J. F. Soriano, D. de Oliveira Franco, R. Alves Batista, Bruce R. Dawson, Octavian Sima, Ana Martina Botti, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, P.O. Mazur, K.-H. Becker, Maria Rita Coluccia, Dusan Mandat, Francesco Fenu, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, M. Pimenta, Tomáš Fodran, Alina Nasr-Esfahani, P.R. Araújo Ferreira, Tobias Winchen, G. Mancarella, B. Keilhauer, Florian Lukas Briechle, Darko Veberič, Ugo Giaccari, S. J. Sciutto, F. Pedreira, Christian Sarmiento-Cano, Raul Sarmento, G. Medina-Tanco, Felix Schlüter, P. Ruehl, Carla Aramo, Vincenzo Rizi, C. J.W.P. Timmermans, Julien Souchard, Jon Paul Lundquist, A. Menshikov, D. Martello, Juan Miguel Carceller, C. M. Schäfer, Markus Roth, Silvia Mollerach, O. Martínez Bravo, Isabel Goos, D. Heck, A. Tapia, Josina Schulte, Peter Hansen, M. del Río, H. Gemmeke, Fabian Gobbi, B. L. Lago, P. Savina, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, Denise Boncioli, M. Unger, F. Guarino, John Matthews, Peter Buchholz, Marco Aglietta, Miguel Mostafa, E.E. Pereira Martins, Serguei Vorobiov, Martina Bohacova, Miroslav Pech, M. Pothast, J. Hulsman, J. Rautenberg, Pavel Horvath, Q. Luce, Marcus Niechciol, Juan Pablo Gongora, Paula Gina Isar, Sofia Andringa, Maximilian Stadelmaier, Nataliia Borodai, Marcos Cerda, D. Lo Presti, S. J. De Jong, Samo Stanič, Jarryd A. Day, A. Saftoiu, A.C. Cobos Cerutti, Martin Vacula, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, V. Novotny, V. K.C. Varma, Rossella Caruso, A. Lucero, Fernando Catalani, N. González, Kai Daumiller, Heino Falcke, S. Querchfeld, Olena Tkachenko, Thomas Hebbeker, Sergio Dasso, Tristan Sudholz, J. Šupík, Carlo Ventura, Martín Miguel Freire, V. Pirronello, J. Vicha, Ladislav Chytka, A. Aab, Carla Taricco, Matias Tueros, Luis A. Nunez, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, Hernan Wahlberg, A. Parra, A. Fuster, M. Trini, P.G. Brichetto Orchera, I. Allekotte, A. C. Fauth, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, Fabio Convenga, I.D. Vergara Quispe, M. Zavrtanik, E. De Vito, Giovanni Consolati, Petr Schovanek, Denis Stanca, Ralf Ulrich, L. Nožka, G. Matthiae, Antonio Bueno, Gualberto Avila, John Farmer, Maria-Teresa Dova, R.C. dos Anjos, Adriana Vásquez-Ramírez, M. Palatka, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Alvarez-Mu??iz, J., Alves Batista, R., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Ara??jo Ferreira, P. R., Arteaga Vel??zquez, J. C., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Barreira Luz, R. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Boh????ov??, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonneau Arbeletche, L., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Brichetto Orchera, P. G., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Choi, K., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cobos Cerutti, A. C., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Concei????o, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Correia dos Santos, D., Covault, C. E., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., de Almeida, R. M., de Jes??s, J., de Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., de Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., de Oliveira Franco, D., de Palma, F., de Souza, V., De Vito, E., del R??o, M., Deligny, O., Di Matteo, A., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., dos Anjos, R. C., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filip??i??, A., Fodran, T., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., Garc??a, B., Garcia Vegas, A. L., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., G??mez Berisso, M., G??mez Vitale, P. F., Gongora, J. P., Gonz??lez, J. M., Gonz??lez, N., Goos, I., G??ra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Hamal, P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., H??randel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovsk??, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Janecek, P., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., K????p??, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, J., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., K??pke, M., Kunka, N., Lago, B. L., Lang, R. G., Langner, N., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lo Presti, D., Lopes, L., L??pez, R., Lu, L., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Lundquist, J. P., Machado Payeras, A., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariazzi, A. G., Mari??, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Mart??nez Bravo, O., Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostaf??, M., M??ller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nasr-Esfahani, A., Nellen, L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., No??ka, L., Nucita, A., N????ez, L. A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., P??kala, J., Pelayo, R., Pe??a-Rodriguez, J., Pereira Martins, E. E., Perez Armand, J., P??rez Bertolli, C., Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., S??nchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Sch??fer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schl??ter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schov??nek, P., Schr??der, F. G., Schr??der, S., Schulte, J., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., m??da, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stani??, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Streich, A., Su??rez-Dur??n, M., Sudholz, T., Suomij??rvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., up??k, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tom??, B., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Trini, M., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Galicia, J. F. Vald??s., Valore, L., Varela, E., Varma K. C., V., V??squez-Ram??rez, A., Veberi??, D., Ventura, C., Vergara Quispe, I. D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczy??ski, H., Winchen, T., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Zepeda, A., High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam, Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Group, Physics, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Pierre Auger, Aab A., Abreu P., Aglietta M., Albury J.M., Allekotte I., Almela A., Alvarez-Muniz J., Batista R.A., Anastasi G.A., Anchordoqui L., Andrada B., Andringa S., Aramo C., Ferreira P.R.A., Velazquez J.C.A., Asorey H., Assis P., Avila G., Badescu A.M., Bakalova A., Balaceanu A., Barbato F., Luz R.J.B., Becker K.H., Bellido J.A., Berat C., Bertaina M.E., Bertou X., Biermann P.L., Bister T., Biteau J., Blazek J., Bleve C., Bohacova M., Boncioli D., Bonifazi C., Arbeletche L.B., Borodai N., Botti A.M., Brack J., Bretz T., Orchera P.G.B., Briechle F.L., Buchholz P., Bueno A., Buitink S., Buscemi M., Caballero-Mora K.S., Caccianiga L., Canfora F., Caracas I., Carceller J.M., Caruso R., Castellina A., Catalani F., Cataldi G., Cazon L., Cerda M., Chinellato J.A., Choi K., Chudoba J., Chytka L., Clay R.W., Cerutti A.C.C., Colalillo R., Coleman A., Coluccia M.R., Conceicao R., Condorelli A., Consolati G., Contreras F., Convenga F., dos Santos D.C., Covault C.E., Dasso S., Daumiller K., Dawson B.R., Day J.A., de Almeida R.M., de Jesus J., de Jong S.J., de Mauro G., de Mello Neto J.R.T., de Mitri I., de Oliveira J., de Oliveira Franco D., de Palma F., de Souza V., de Vito E., del Rio M., Deligny O., Di Matteo A., Dobrigkeit C., D'Olivo J.C., dos Anjos R.C., Dova M.T., Ebr J., Engel R., Epicoco I., Erdmann M., Escobar C.O., Etchegoyen A., Falcke H., Farmer J., Farrar G., Fauth A.C., Fazzini N., Feldbusch F., Fenu F., Fick B., Figueira J.M., Filipcic A., Fodran T., Freire M.M., Fujii T., Fuster A., Galea C., Galelli C., Garcia B., Vegas A.L.G., Gemmeke H., Gesualdi F., Gherghel-Lascu A., Ghia P.L., Giaccari U., Giammarchi M., Giller M., Glombitza J., Gobbi F., Gollan F., Golup G., Berisso M.G., Vitale P.F.G., Gongora J.P., Gonzalez J.M., Gonzalez N., Goos I., Gora D., Gorgi A., Gottowik M., Grubb T.D., Guarino F., Guedes G.P., Guido E., Hahn S., Hamal P., Hampel M.R., Hansen P., Harari D., Harvey V.M., Haungs A., Hebbeker T., Heck D., Hill G.C., Hojvat C., Horandel J.R., Horvath P., Hrabovsky M., Huege T., Hulsman J., Insolia A., Isar P.G., Janecek P., Johnsen J.A., Jurysek J., Kaapa A., Kampert K.H., Keilhauer B., Kemp J., Klages H.O., Kleifges M., Kleinfeller J., Kopke M., Kunka N., Lago B.L., Lang R.G., Langner N., de Oliveira M.A.L., Lenok V., Letessier-Selvon A., Lhenry-Yvon I., Presti D.L., Lopes L., Lopez R., Lu L., Luce Q., Lucero A., Lundquist J.P., Payeras A.M., Mancarella G., Mandat D., Manning B.C., Manshanden J., Mantsch P., Marafico S., Mariazzi A.G., Maris I.C., Marsella G., Martello D., Martinez H., Bravo O.M., Mastrodicasa M., Mathes H.J., Matthews J., Matthiae G., Mayotte E., Mazur P.O., Medina-Tanco G., Melo D., Menshikov A., Merenda K.-D., Michal S., Micheletti M.I., Miramonti L., Mollerach S., Montanet F., Morello C., Mostafa M., Muller A.L., Muller M.A., Mulrey K., Mussa R., Muzio M., Namasaka W.M., Nasr-Esfahani A., Nellen L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu M., Niechciol M., Nitz D., Nosek D., Novotny V., Nozka L., Nucita A., Nunez L.A., Palatka M., Pallotta J., Papenbreer P., Parente G., Parra A., Pech M., Pedreira F., Pekala J., Pelayo R., Pena-Rodriguez J., Martins E.E.P., Armand J.P., Bertolli C.P., Perlin M., Perrone L., Petrera S., Pierog T., Pimenta M., Pirronello V., Platino M., Pont B., Pothast M., Privitera P., Prouza M., Puyleart A., Querchfeld S., Rautenberg J., Ravignani D., Reininghaus M., Ridky J., Riehn F., Risse M., Rizi V., Rodrigues de Carvalho W., Rojo J.R., Roncoroni M.J., Roth M., Roulet E., Rovero A.C., Ruehl P., Saffi S.J., Saftoiu A., Salamida F., Salazar H., Salina G., Gomez J.D.S., Sanchez F., Santos E.M., Santos E., Sarazin F., Sarmento R., Sarmiento-Cano C., Sato R., Savina P., Schafer C.M., Scherini V., Schieler H., Schimassek M., Schimp M., Schluter F., Schmidt D., Scholten O., Schovanek P., Schroder F.G., Schroder S., Schulte J., Sciutto S.J., Scornavacche M., Segreto A., Sehgal S., Shellard R.C., Sigl G., Silli G., Sima O., Smida R., Sommers P., Soriano J.F., Souchard J., Squartini R., Stadelmaier M., Stanca D., Stanic S., Stasielak J., Stassi P., Streich A., Suarez-Duran M., Sudholz T., Suomijarvi T., Supanitsky A.D., Supik J., Szadkowski Z., Taboada A., Tapia A., Taricco C., Timmermans C., Tkachenko O., Tobiska P., Peixoto C.J.T., Tome B., Travaini A., Travnicek P., Trimarelli C., Trini M., Tueros M., Ulrich R., Unger M., Vaclavek L., Vacula M., Galicia J.F.V., Valore L., Varela E., Varma V.K.C., Vasquez-Ramirez A., Veberic D., Ventura C., Quispe I.D.V., Verzi V., Vicha J., Vink J., Vorobiov S., Wahlberg H., Watanabe C., Watson A.A., Weber M., Weindl A., Wiencke L., Wilczynski H., Winchen T., Wirtz M., Wittkowski D., Wundheiler B., Yushkov A., Zapparrata O., Zas E., Zavrtanik D., Zavrtanik M., Zehrer L., Zepeda A., Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Alvarez-Muniz, J., Batista, R. A., Ferreira, P. R. A., Velazquez, J. C. A., Luz, R. J. B., Bohacova, M., Arbeletche, L. B., Orchera, P. G. B., Cerutti, A. C. C., Conceicao, R., dos Santos, D. C., de Jesus, J., de Mauro, G., de Mitri, I., de Vito, E., del Rio, M., Filipcic, A., Garcia, B., Vegas, A. L. G., Berisso, M. G., Vitale, P. F. G., Gonzalez, J. M., Gonzalez, N., Gora, D., Horandel, J. R., Hrabovsky, M., Kaapa, A., Kopke, M., de Oliveira, M. A. L., Presti, D. L., Lopez, R., Payeras, A. M., Maris, I. C., Bravo, O. M., Mostafa, M., Muller, A. L., Nozka, L., Nunez, L. A., Pekala, J., Pena-Rodriguez, J., Martins, E. E. P., Armand, J. P., Bertolli, C. P., Rojo, J. R., Gomez, J. D. S., Sanchez, F., Schafer, C. M., Schluter, F., Schovanek, P., Schroder, F. G., Schroder, S., Smida, R., Stanic, S., Suarez-Duran, M., Suomijarvi, T., Supik, J., Peixoto, C. J. T., Tome, B., Galicia, J. F. V., Varma, V. K. C., Vasquez-Ramirez, A., Veberic, D., Quispe, I. D. V., and Wilczynski, H.
Subjects: showers: energy, longitudinal [showers], interaction: model, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, Calibration and fitting methods, Cluster finding, Data analysis, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, Particle identification methods, Pattern recognition, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Auger, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), cluster finding, surface [detector], Observatory, Large detector systems, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), astro-ph.HE, Physics, Pattern recognition, cluster finding, calibration and fitting methods, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, model [interaction], Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Data analysi, calibration and fitting methods, energy [showers], observatory, Pattern recognition, cluster finding, calibration and fitting method, astroparticle physics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, atmosphere [showers], air, neural network, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, UHE [cosmic radiation], FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, detector: fluorescence, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, High Energy Physics, ddc:610, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], cosmic radiation: UHE, structure, particle physics, network: performance, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Ciencias Exactas, Cherenkov radiation, fluorescence [detector], Pierre Auger Observatory, mass spectrum [nucleus], showers: atmosphere, detector: surface, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Física, resolution, calibration, Computational physics, performance [network], Cherenkov counter, Air shower, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physic, Experimental High Energy Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, nucleus: mass spectrum, showers: longitudinal, RAIOS CÓSMICOS, Energy (signal processing), astro-ph.IM
Abstract: The atmospheric depth of the air shower maximum $X_{\mathrm{max}}$ is an observable commonly used for the determination of the nuclear mass composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. Direct measurements of $X_{\mathrm{max}}$ are performed using observations of the longitudinal shower development with fluorescence telescopes. At the same time, several methods have been proposed for an indirect estimation of $X_{\mathrm{max}}$ from the characteristics of the shower particles registered with surface detector arrays. In this paper, we present a deep neural network (DNN) for the estimation of $X_{\mathrm{max}}$. The reconstruction relies on the signals induced by shower particles in the ground based water-Cherenkov detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The network architecture features recurrent long short-term memory layers to process the temporal structure of signals and hexagonal convolutions to exploit the symmetry of the surface detector array. We evaluate the performance of the network using air showers simulated with three different hadronic interaction models. Thereafter, we account for long-term detector effects and calibrate the reconstructed $X_{\mathrm{max}}$ using fluorescence measurements. Finally, we show that the event-by-event resolution in the reconstruction of the shower maximum improves with increasing shower energy and reaches less than $25~\mathrm{g/cm^{2}}$ at energies above $2\times 10^{19}~\mathrm{eV}$., Published version, 29 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2021

24. The energy spectrum of cosmic rays beyond the turn-down around 1017 eV as measured with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: A. C. Fauth, Vladimir Lenok, L. Perrone, M. I. Micheletti, M. Risse, Jonathan Blazek, Alessio Gorgi, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, Fabio Convenga, Marvin Gottowik, G. Matthiae, Brian Fick, Orazio Zapparrata, Antonio Bueno, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Muzio, G. Parente, D. Melo, J. Rautenberg, M. E. Bertaina, Abha Khakurdikar, P. Abreu, Fabrizia Canfora, D. Ravignani, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, L. Zehrer, Q. Luce, M. Schimassek, C. Hojvat, Jan Ebr, Alan Watson, I.D. Vergara Quispe, G. P. Guedes, Toshihiro Fujii, Jakub Juryšek, Petr Hamal, Steffen Hahn, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, Eric Mayotte, Esteban Roulet, M. Gómez Berisso, R. C. Shellard, Justin M. Albury, P. L. Ghia, Gualberto Avila, Sara Martinelli, M. Perlin, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Zoé Torrès, Dariusz Gora, B. Tome, Josina Schulte, Maximilian Stadelmaier, F. Riehn, Marina Scornavacche, Jonathan Biteau, K. H. Kampert, J. C. Arteaga Velázquez, Ioana Codrina Maris, Octavian Sima, J. de Oliveira, R. Conceição, Alejandro Almela, Jacco Vink, H.O. Klages, Alan Coleman, Peter Hansen, F. Guarino, John Matthews, Peter Buchholz, J. F. Valdés Galicia, L. Valore, D. Nitz, W. M. Namasaka, A. C. Rovero, S. J. Saffi, Isabel Goos, D. Heck, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, Miroslav Hrabovský, A. Haungs, Julien Manshanden, V. V. Kizakke Covilakam, Andres Travaini, A. Segreto, Günter Sigl, D. Nosek, E. Santos, A. A. Nucita, I. De Mitri, R. Sato, M. del Río, P. Stassi, Hernan Wahlberg, Radomir Smida, Mario Buscemi, John Farmer, F. Fenu, A. Machado Payeras, Violet M. Harvey, D. Harari, Marcel Köpke, M. Platino, G. C. Hill, P. Mantsch, D. Lo Presti, S. J. De Jong, Alexandru Balaceanu, Z. Szadkowski, E. Varela, J.D. Sanabria Gomez, Roberto Mussa, Marco Aglietta, Julian Kemp, Paul Sommers, Srijan Sehgal, Jorge F. Soriano, Thomas Hebbeker, Fernando Gollan, Max Büsken, Sergio Dasso, Tristan Sudholz, Martín Miguel Freire, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, F. Pedreira, V. de Souza, Carla Aramo, Vincenzo Rizi, J. Perez Armand, Maria-Teresa Dova, M. R. Hampel, Pierre Billoir, A. Puyleart, Corinne Berat, Julien Souchard, Thomas Fitoussi, D. Martello, Alena Bakalova, Jarryd A. Day, A. Saftoiu, Ralph Engel, J. Ridky, A. Parra, M. Zavrtanik, L. R. Wiencke, Niklas Langner, Alex Kääpä, Marcio Aparecido Muller, Martina Bohacova, Giovanni Mancarella, O. Martínez Bravo, K. Mulrey, F. Sánchez, Miroslav Pech, V. Pirronello, Raul Sarmento, Felix Schlüter, Fabian Gobbi, Sullivan Marafico, Juan Pablo Gongora, Alina Mihaela Badescu, A. Weindl, Cristina Galea, François Montanet, M. Pothast, A.C. Cobos Cerutti, F. de Palma, E. De Vito, Darko Veberič, M. Suárez-Durán, Pavel Horvath, Claudio Galelli, M. Prouza, P. Ruehl, Marco Giammarchi, Clara Keiko Oliveira Watanabe, Flavia Gesualdi, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, Carla Taricco, Carla Bleve, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, R. M. de Almeida, T. Huege, Jeffrey Brack, Matias Tueros, G. Golup, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Eleonora Guido, Giovanni Consolati, Frank G. Schröder, N. Kunka, Maria Rita Coluccia, Maximilian Reininghaus, P. Tobiska, B. Andrada, K.-H. Becker, M. Pimenta, Silvia Mollerach, T. Bister, G. Marsella, H. Schieler, Jesús Peña-Rodríguez, P.G. Brichetto Orchera, David Wittkowski, G. Salina, Olivier Deligny, D. Correia dos Santos, Rodrigo Pelayo, Antonella Castellina, Stijn Buitink, V. Novotny, Luis A. Nunez, J. Stasielak, Jannis Pawlowsky, Rossella Caruso, Fernando Catalani, D. D. dos Santos, Sofia Andringa, R.C. dos Anjos, N. Fazzini, David Schmidt, Adriana Vásquez-Ramírez, Jonas Glombitza, F. C. T. Barbato, I. Allekotte, M. J. Roncoroni, Caterina Trimarelli, P.R. Araújo Ferreira, S. Schröder, Italo Epicoco, A. L. Müller, Tomáš Fodran, Alina Nasr-Esfahani, Thomas Bretz, Miguel Mostafa, Daniela Mockler, Petr Schovanek, L. Lopes, A. Di Matteo, R. Squartini, Florian Lukas Briechle, Petr Janecek, Corbin Covault, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, Juan Manuel González, G. De Mauro, M. Palatka, Gaia Silli, A. Tapia, A. Filipčič, Jörg R. Hörandel, L. Lu, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, J. Chudoba, M. Schimp, G. Cataldi, Ugo Giaccari, B. Wundheiler, Martin Vacula, Christian Sarmiento-Cano, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, Virginia Binet, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Massimo Mastrodicasa, F. Sarazin, Lino Miramonti, B. C. Manning, H. Gemmeke, Jon Paul Lundquist, Markus Roth, A. M. Botti, M. Unger, S. Petrera, H. J. Mathes, Marc Weber, Stanislav Michal, Dusan Mandat, V. Scherini, Philipp Papenbreer, Jose Chinellato, Heino Falcke, D. de Oliveira Franco, Samo Stanič, A. Menshikov, Denis Stanca, Lukáš Vaclavek, R.J. Barreira Luz, Petr Travnicek, A. Fuster, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Denise Boncioli, L. Nellen, B. García, Bjarni Pont, B. Keilhauer, C. M. Schäfer, J. Kleinfeller, Ioana Caracas, J. Rodriguez Rojo, J. Vicha, Trent D. Grubb, A. Letessier-Selvon, Serguei Vorobiov, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Lorenzo Cazon, C. Pérez Bertolli, N. González, P. Savina, G. Medina-Tanco, Nataliia Borodai, Marcus Niechciol, Fridtjof Feldbusch, Enrique Zas, André Schulz, Juan Manuel Figueira, Roberta Colalillo, S. J. Sciutto, C. J.W.P. Timmermans, C. Morello, L. M. Domingues Mendes, Carlos Escobar, A. G. Mariazzi, Kevin-Druis Merenda, Kai Daumiller, Ralf Ulrich, Martin Erdmann, Fernando Contreras, Juan Miguel Carceller, Xavier Bertou, G. Farrar, Nikolaos Karastathis, Antonio Condorelli, Peter L. Biermann, S. Querchfeld, Olena Tkachenko, Marcos Cerda, Pedro Assis, H. Martinez, J. de Jesús, A. Streich, Gioacchino Alex Anastasi, C. J. Todero Peixoto, A. Insolia, A. Etchegoyen, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, A.D. Supanitsky, J. Pȩkala, A.L. Garcia Vegas, M. Wirtz, Roger W Clay, Paolo Privitera, Carlo Ventura, F. Salamida, A. Yushkov, Ladislav Chytka, L. Nožka, Lorenzo Caccianiga, P.F. Gómez Vitale, Hernán Asorey, H. Wilczyński, E. M. Santos, Valerio Verzi, Kathrin Bismark, O. Scholten, R. Alves Batista, Bruce R. Dawson, P.O. Mazur, B. L. Lago, E.E. Pereira Martins, Paula Gina Isar, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Alvarez-Muniz, J., Alves Batista, R., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Araujo Ferreira, P. R., Arteaga Velazquez, J. C., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Barreira Luz, R. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Binet, V., Bismark, K., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Bohacova, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonneau Arbeletche, L., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Brichetto Orchera, P. G., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Busken, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cobos Cerutti, A. C., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceicao, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Correia dos Santos, D., Covault, C. E., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., de Almeida, R. M., de Jesus, J., de Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., de Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., de Oliveira Franco, D., de Palma, F., de Souza, V., De Vito, E., del Rio, M., Deligny, O., Di Matteo, A., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Domingues Mendes, L. M., dos Anjos, R. C., dos Santos, D., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipcic, A., Fitoussi, T., Fodran, T., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., Garcia, B., Garcia Vegas, A. L., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Gomez Berisso, M., Gomez Vitale, P. F., Gongora, J. P., Gonzalez, J. M., Gonzalez, N., Goos, I., Gora, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Hamal, P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Horandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovsky, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Janecek, P., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kaapa, A., Kampert, K. H., Karastathis, N., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, J., Khakurdikar, A., Kizakke Covilakam, V. V., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Kopke, M., Kunka, N., Lago, B. L., Lang, R. G., Langner, N., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lo Presti, D., Lopes, L., Lopez, R., Lu, L., Luce, Q., Lundquist, J. P., Machado Payeras, A., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariazzi, A. G., Maris, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinelli, S., Martinez, H., Martinez Bravo, O., Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mockler, D., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafa, M., Muller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nasr-Esfahani, A., Nellen, L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nozka, L., Nucita, A., Nunez, L. A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pawlowsky, J., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pekala, J., Pelayo, R., Pena-Rodriguez, J., Pereira Martins, E. E., Perez Armand, J., Perez Bertolli, C., Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., Sanchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schafer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schluter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovanek, P., Schroder, F. G., Schroder, S., Schulte, J., Schulz, A., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Smida, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanic, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Streich, A., Suarez-Duran, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijarvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Szadkowski, Z., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tome, B., Torres, Z., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Valdes Galicia, J. F., Valore, L., Varela, E., Vasquez-Ramirez, A., Veberic, D., Ventura, C., Vergara Quispe, I. D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczynski, H., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Physics, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Pierre Auger, Abreu P., Aglietta M., Albury J.M., Allekotte I., Almela A., Alvarez-Muniz J., Alves Batista R., Anastasi G.A., Anchordoqui L., Andrada B., Andringa S., Aramo C., Araujo Ferreira P.R., Arteaga Velazquez J.C., Asorey H., Assis P., Avila G., Badescu A.M., Bakalova A., Balaceanu A., Barbato F., Barreira Luz R.J., Becker K.H., Bellido J.A., Berat C., Bertaina M.E., Bertou X., Biermann P.L., Billoir P., Binet V., Bismark K., Bister T., Biteau J., Blazek J., Bleve C., Bohacova M., Boncioli D., Bonifazi C., Bonneau Arbeletche L., Borodai N., Botti A.M., Brack J., Bretz T., Brichetto Orchera P.G., Briechle F.L., Buchholz P., Bueno A., Buitink S., Buscemi M., Busken M., Caballero-Mora K.S., Caccianiga L., Canfora F., Caracas I., Carceller J.M., Caruso R., Castellina A., Catalani F., Cataldi G., Cazon L., Cerda M., Chinellato J.A., Chudoba J., Chytka L., Clay R.W., Cobos Cerutti A.C., Colalillo R., Coleman A., Coluccia M.R., Conceicao R., Condorelli A., Consolati G., Contreras F., Convenga F., Correia dos Santos D., Covault C.E., Dasso S., Daumiller K., Dawson B.R., Day J.A., de Almeida R.M., de Jesus J., de Jong S.J., De Mauro G., de Mello Neto J.R.T., De Mitri I., de Oliveira J., de Oliveira Franco D., de Palma F., de Souza V., De Vito E., del Rio M., Deligny O., Di Matteo A., Dobrigkeit C., D'Olivo J.C., Domingues Mendes L.M., dos Anjos R.C., dos Santos D., Dova M.T., Ebr J., Engel R., Epicoco I., Erdmann M., Escobar C.O., Etchegoyen A., Falcke H., Farmer J., Farrar G., Fauth A.C., Fazzini N., Feldbusch F., Fenu F., Fick B., Figueira J.M., Filipcic A., Fitoussi T., Fodran T., Freire M.M., Fujii T., Fuster A., Galea C., Galelli C., Garcia B., Garcia Vegas A.L., Gemmeke H., Gesualdi F., Gherghel-Lascu A., Ghia P.L., Giaccari U., Giammarchi M., Glombitza J., Gobbi F., Gollan F., Golup G., Gomez Berisso M., Gomez Vitale P.F., Gongora J.P., Gonzalez J.M., Gonzalez N., Goos I., Gora D., Gorgi A., Gottowik M., Grubb T.D., Guarino F., Guedes G.P., Guido E., Hahn S., Hamal P., Hampel M.R., Hansen P., Harari D., Harvey V.M., Haungs A., Hebbeker T., Heck D., Hill G.C., Hojvat C., Horandel J.R., Horvath P., Hrabovsky M., Huege T., Insolia A., Isar P.G., Janecek P., Johnsen J.A., Jurysek J., Kaapa A., Kampert K.H., Karastathis N., Keilhauer B., Kemp J., Khakurdikar A., Kizakke Covilakam V.V., Klages H.O., Kleifges M., Kleinfeller J., Kopke M., Kunka N., Lago B.L., Lang R.G., Langner N., Leigui de Oliveira M.A., Lenok V., Letessier-Selvon A., Lhenry-Yvon I., Lo Presti D., Lopes L., Lopez R., Lu L., Luce Q., Lundquist J.P., Machado Payeras A., Mancarella G., Mandat D., Manning B.C., Manshanden J., Mantsch P., Marafico S., Mariazzi A.G., Maris I.C., Marsella G., Martello D., Martinelli S., Martinez H., Martinez Bravo O., Mastrodicasa M., Mathes H.J., Matthews J., Matthiae G., Mayotte E., Mazur P.O., Medina-Tanco G., Melo D., Menshikov A., Merenda K.-D., Michal S., Micheletti M.I., Miramonti L., Mockler D., Mollerach S., Montanet F., Morello C., Mostafa M., Muller A.L., Muller M.A., Mulrey K., Mussa R., Muzio M., Namasaka W.M., Nasr-Esfahani A., Nellen L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu M., Niechciol M., Nitz D., Nosek D., Novotny V., Nozka L., Nucita A., Nunez L.A., Palatka M., Pallotta J., Papenbreer P., Parente G., Parra A., Pawlowsky J., Pech M., Pedreira F., Pekala J., Pelayo R., Pena-Rodriguez J., Pereira Martins E.E., Perez Armand J., Perez Bertolli C., Perlin M., Perrone L., Petrera S., Pierog T., Pimenta M., Pirronello V., Platino M., Pont B., Pothast M., Privitera P., Prouza M., Puyleart A., Querchfeld S., Rautenberg J., Ravignani D., Reininghaus M., Ridky J., Riehn F., Risse M., Rizi V., Rodrigues de Carvalho W., Rodriguez Rojo J., Roncoroni M.J., Roth M., Roulet E., Rovero A.C., Ruehl P., Saffi S.J., Saftoiu A., Salamida F., Salazar H., Salina G., Sanabria Gomez J.D., Sanchez F., Santos E.M., Santos E., Sarazin F., Sarmento R., Sarmiento-Cano C., Sato R., Savina P., Schafer C.M., Scherini V., Schieler H., Schimassek M., Schimp M., Schluter F., Schmidt D., Scholten O., Schovanek P., Schroder F.G., Schroder S., Schulte J., Schulz A., Sciutto S.J., Scornavacche M., Segreto A., Sehgal S., Shellard R.C., Sigl G., Silli G., Sima O., Smida R., Sommers P., Soriano J.F., Souchard J., Squartini R., Stadelmaier M., Stanca D., Stanic S., Stasielak J., Stassi P., Streich A., Suarez-Duran M., Sudholz T., Suomijarvi T., Supanitsky A.D., Szadkowski Z., Tapia A., Taricco C., Timmermans C., Tkachenko O., Tobiska P., Todero Peixoto C.J., Tome B., Torres Z., Travaini A., Travnicek P., Trimarelli C., Tueros M., Ulrich R., Unger M., Vaclavek L., Vacula M., Valdes Galicia J.F., Valore L., Varela E., Vasquez-Ramirez A., Veberic D., Ventura C., Vergara Quispe I.D., Verzi V., Vicha J., Vink J., Vorobiov S., Wahlberg H., Watanabe C., Watson A.A., Weber M., Weindl A., Wiencke L., Wilczynski H., Wirtz M., Wittkowski D., Wundheiler B., Yushkov A., Zapparrata O., Zas E., Zavrtanik D., Zavrtanik M., and Zehrer L.
Subjects: Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, UHE [cosmic radiation], FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, detector: fluorescence, Auger, cosmic rays, surface [detector], Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, calorimeter, ddc:530, High Energy Physics, cosmic radiation: UHE, spectrum [cosmic radiation], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Engineering & allied operations, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), fluorescence [detector], Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics, astro-ph.HE, cosmic radiation: energy spectrum, cosmic radiation: spectrum, detector: surface, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Calorimeter, flux, observatory, spectral, ddc:620, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, energy spectrum [cosmic radiation], Energy (signal processing), RAIOS CÓSMICOS, ultra-high energy cosmic rays, energy spectrum features
Abstract: The successful installation, commissioning, and operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and administrative staff in Malargüe. We are very grateful to the following agencies and organizations for financial support: Argentina – Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Gobierno de la Provincia de Mendoza; Municipalidad de Malargüe; NDM Holdings and Valle Las Leñas; in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access; Australia – the Australian Research Council; Belgium – Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS); Research Foundation Flanders (FWO); Brazil – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq); Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP); Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Grants No. 2019/10151-2, No. 2010/07359-6 and No. 1999/05404-3; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações (MCTIC); Czech Republic – Grant No. MSMT CR LTT18004, LM2015038, LM2018102, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001402, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_046/0016010 and CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008422; France – Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Conseil Régional Ile-de-France; Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS); Département Sciences de l’Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS); Institut Lagrange de Paris (ILP) Grant No. LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63 within the Investissements d’Avenir Programme Grant No. ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02; Germany – Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); Finanzministerium Baden-Württemberg; Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP); Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF); Ministerium für Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen; Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst des Landes Baden-Württemberg; Italy – Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF); Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Universitá e della Ricerca (MIUR); CETEMPS Center of Excellence; Ministero degli Affari Esteri (MAE); México – Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) No. 167733; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM); PAPIIT DGAPA-UNAM; The Netherlands – Ministry of Education, Culture and Science; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO); Dutch national e-infrastructure with the support of SURF Cooperative; Poland -Ministry of Science and Higher Education, grant No. DIR/WK/2018/11; National Science Centre, Grants No. 2013/08/M/ST9/00322, No. 2016/23/B/ST9/01635 and No. HARMONIA 5–2013/10/M/ST9/00062, UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00198; Portugal – Portuguese national funds and FEDER funds within Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (COMPETE); Romania – Romanian Ministry of Education and Research, the Program Nucleu within MCI (PN19150201/16N/2019 and PN19060102) and project PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0839/19PCCDI/2018 within PNCDI III; Slovenia – Slovenian Research Agency, grants P1-0031, P1-0385, I0-0033, N1-0111; Spain – Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (FPA2017-85114-P and PID2019-104676GB-C32), Xunta de Galicia (ED431C 2017/07), Junta de Andalucía (SOMM17/6104/UGR, P18-FR-4314) Feder Funds, RENATA Red Nacional Temática de Astropartículas (FPA2015-68783-REDT) and María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence (MDM-2016-0692); USA – Department of Energy, Contracts No. DE-AC02-07CH11359, No. DE-FR02-04ER41300, No. DE-FG02-99ER41107 and No. DE-SC0011689; National Science Foundation, Grant No. 0450696; The Grainger Foundation; Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET; European Particle Physics Latin American Network; University of Delaware Research Foundation (UDRF) – 2019; and UNESCO., We present a measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum above 100 PeV using the part of the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory that has a spacing of 750 m. An inflection of the spectrum is observed, confirming the presence of the so-called second-knee feature. The spectrum is then combined with that of the 1500 m array to produce a single measurement of the flux, linking this spectral feature with the three additional breaks at the highest energies. The combined spectrum, with an energy scale set calorimetrically via fluorescence telescopes and using a single detector type, results in the most statistically and systematically precise measurement of spectral breaks yet obtained. These measurements are critical for furthering our understanding of the highest energy cosmic rays., ANR-10-LABX-63 ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02, Belgium – Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire PNC-IN2P3/CNRS, Département Sciences de l’Univers, Feder Funds, María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence MDM-2016-0692, Ministero degli Affari Esteri, RENATA Red Nacional Temática de Astropartículas FPA2015-68783-REDT, SURF, National Science Foundation 0450696, U.S. Department of Energy DE-AC02-07CH11359, DE-FG02-99ER41107, DE-FR02-04ER41300, DE-SC0011689, University of Delaware Research Foundation, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Australian Research Council, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo 1999/05404-3, 2010/07359-6, 2019/10151-2, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología 167733, Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca, Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-Württemberg, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Conseil Régional, Île-de-France, Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Narodowe Centrum Nauki 2013/08/M/ST9/00322, 2013/10/M/ST9/00062, 2016/23/B/ST9/01635, UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00198, Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS I0-0033, N1-0111, P1-0031, P1-0385, Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki DIR/WK/2018/11, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ministry of Education and Research, Romania PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0839/19PCCDI/2018, PN19060102, PN19150201/16N/2019, European Regional Development Fund, Ministerium für Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España FPA2017-85114-P, PID2019-104676GB-C32, Xunta de Galicia ED431C 2017/07, Junta de Andalucía P18-FR-4314, Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001402, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008422, CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_046/0016010, LM2015038, LM2018102, MSMT CR LTT18004, Programa Operacional Temático Factores de Competitividade, Institut Lagrange de Paris
Published: 2021

25. Final Results of GERDA on the Search for Neutrinoless Double-ß Decay

Author: V. I. Gurentsov, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, A. Lubashevskiy, T. Wester, A. A. Vasenko, A.A. Smolnikov, J. Huang, O.I. Kochetov, J. Janicskó Csáthy, R. Mingazheva, C. Cattadori, Anna Julia Zsigmond, Kai Zuber, A. M. Gangapshev, B. Schwingenheuer, R. Brugnera, V. V. Kuzminov, Matteo Agostini, V. V. Kazalov, O. Schulz, E. Doroshkevich, Franz Dieter Fischer, A.-K. Schütz, I. Zhitnikov, I. V. Kirpichnikov, Werner Hofmann, N. Di Marco, Paolo Piseri, G. R. Araujo, D. R. Zinatulina, A. Lazzaro, D. Stukov, M. Schwarz, M. Miloradovic, Allen Caldwell, A. Garfagnini, W. Maneschg, S. Schönert, Josef Jochum, E. A. Yanovich, M. Balata, C. Bauer, Stefano Riboldi, L. Shtembari, F. Salamida, Manfred Lindner, V.B. Brudanin, C. Ransom, Hardy Simgen, I. R. Barabanov, V. D'Andrea, C. Gooch, S. V. Zhukov, P. Krause, Igor Nemchenok, Mikael Hult, K. Panas, K. von Sturm, Bela Majorovits, K. N. Gusev, J. Hakenmüller, M. Misiaszek, R. Kneißl, K. T. Knöpfle, L. Manzanillas, E. V. Demidova, T. Comellato, L. Pertoldi, S. Hemmer, Y. Kermaïdic, Laura Baudis, A. Pullia, G. Zuzel, O. Selivanenko, S. Belogurov, Ivano Lippi, C. Wiesinger, A. V. Veresnikova, M. Shirchenko, A. Chernogorov, M. Fomina, R. Hiller, E. Bossio, M. Schütt, D. Borowicz, L. V. Inzhechik, Cinzia Sada, B. Zatschler, P. Grabmayr, Alessandro Bettini, Y. Müller, C. Macolino, V. Bothe, V. N. Kornoukhov, K. Pelczar, M. Junker, C. Vignoli, Guillaume Lutter, A. M. Bakalyarov, L. Rauscher, A. Zschocke, Jochen Schreiner, V. Biancacci, L. B. Bezrukov, E. Shevchik, M. M. Wojcik, E. Bellotti, Th. Kihm, H. Khushbakht, P. Moseev, Luciano Pandola, A. A. Klimenko, N. Rumyantseva, M. Laubenstein, and GERDA collaboration
Subjects: Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Signal region, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Germanium, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, 3. Good health, Semiconductor detector, Nuclear physics, chemistry, GE-76, 0103 physical sciences, GERDA - Abteilung Hinton, Liquid argon, Beta (velocity), SHAPE, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Sensitivity (control systems), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Diode
Abstract: The GERmanium Detector Array (GERDA) experiment searched for the lepton-number-violating neutrinoless double-$\beta$ ($0\nu\beta\beta$) decay of $^{76}$Ge, whose discovery would have far-reaching implications in cosmology and particle physics. By operating bare germanium diodes, enriched in $^{76}$Ge, in an active liquid argon shield, GERDA achieved an unprecedently low background index of $5.2\times10^{-4}$ counts/(keV$\cdot$kg$\cdot$yr) in the signal region and met the design goal to collect an exposure of 100 kg$\cdot$yr in a background-free regime. When combined with the result of Phase I, no signal is observed after 127.2 kg$\cdot$yr of total exposure. A limit on the half-life of $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay in $^{76}$Ge is set at $T_{1/2}>1.8\times10^{26}$ yr at 90% C.L., which coincides with the sensitivity assuming no signal., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Physical Review Letters
Published: 2020

26. Ultrahigh Energy Neutrinos at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, M. Ahlers, E. J. Ahn, I. F. M. Albuquerque, D. Allard, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, A. Almela, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, R. Alves Batista, M. Ambrosio, A. Aminaei, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, T. Antičić, C. Aramo, E. Arganda, F. Arqueros, H. Asorey, P. Assis, J. Aublin, M. Ave, M. Avenier, G. Avila, T. Bäcker, A. M. Badescu, M. Balzer, K. B. Barber, A. F. Barbosa, R. Bardenet, S. L. C. Barroso, B. Baughman, J. Bäuml, J. J. Beatty, B. R. Becker, K. H. Becker, A. Bellétoile, J. A. Bellido, S. BenZvi, C. Berat, X. Bertou, P. L. Biermann, P. Billoir, F. Blanco, M. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. Blümer, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, N. Borodai, J. Brack, I. Brancus, P. Brogueira, W. C. Brown, R. Bruijn, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, R. E. Burton, K. S. Caballero-Mora, B. Caccianiga, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, O. Catalano, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, J. Chauvin, S. H. Cheng, A. Chiavassa, J. A. Chinellato, J. Chirinos Diaz, J. Chudoba, M. Cilmo, R. W. Clay, M. R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, F. Contreras, H. Cook, M. J. Cooper, J. Coppens, A. Cordier, S. Coutu, C. E. Covault, A. Creusot, A. Criss, J. Cronin, A. Curutiu, S. Dagoret-Campagne, R. Dallier, B. Daniel, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B. R. Dawson, R. M. de Almeida, M. De Domenico, C. De Donato, S. J. de Jong, G. De La Vega, W. J. M. de Mello Junior, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, V. de Souza, K. D. de Vries, L. del Peral, M. del Río, O. Deligny, H. Dembinski, N. Dhital, C. Di Giulio, M. L. Díaz Castro, P. N. Diep, F. Diogo, C. Dobrigkeit, W. Docters, J. C. D'Olivo, P. N. Dong, A. Dorofeev, J. C. dos Anjos, M. T. Dova, D. D'Urso, I. Dutan, J. Ebr, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, C. O. Escobar, J. Espadanal, A. Etchegoyen, P. Facal San Luis, H. Falcke, G. Farrar, A. C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, A. P. Ferguson, B. Fick, A. Filevich, A. Filipčič, S. Fliescher, C. E. Fracchiolla, E. D. Fraenkel, O. Fratu, U. Fröhlich, B. Fuchs, R. Gaior, R. F. Gamarra, S. Gambetta, B. García, S. T. Garcia Roca, D. Garcia-Gamez, D. Garcia-Pinto, A. Gascon Bravo, H. Gemmeke, P. L. Ghia, M. Giller, J. Gitto, H. Glass, M. S. Gold, G. Golup, F. Gomez Albarracin, M. Gómez Berisso, P. F. Gómez Vitale, P. Gonçalves, J. G. Gonzalez, B. Gookin, A. Gorgi, P. Gouffon, E. Grashorn, S. Grebe, N. Griffith, M. Grigat, A. F. Grillo, Y. Guardincerri, F. Guarino, G. P. Guedes, P. Hansen, D. Harari, T. A. Harrison, J. L. Harton, A. Haungs, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, A. E. Herve, C. Hojvat, N. Hollon, V. C. Holmes, P. Homola, J. R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, D. Huber, T. Huege, A. Insolia, F. Ionita, A. Italiano, C. Jarne, S. Jiraskova, M. Josebachuili, K. Kadija, K. H. Kampert, P. Karhan, P. Kasper, I. Katkov, B. Kégl, B. Keilhauer, A. Keivani, J. L. Kelley, E. Kemp, R. M. Kieckhafer, H. O. Klages, M. Kleifges, J. Kleinfeller, J. Knapp, D.-H. Koang, K. Kotera, N. Krohm, O. Krömer, D. Kruppke-Hansen, F. Kuehn, D. Kuempel, J. K. Kulbartz, N. Kunka, G. La Rosa, C. Lachaud, D. LaHurd, L. Latronico, R. Lauer, P. Lautridou, S. Le Coz, M. S. A. B. Leão, D. Lebrun, P. Lebrun, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, K. Link, R. López, A. Lopez Agüera, K. Louedec, J. Lozano Bahilo, L. Lu, A. Lucero, M. Ludwig, H. Lyberis, M. C. Maccarone, C. Macolino, S. Maldera, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, A. G. Mariazzi, J. Marin, V. Marin, I. C. Maris, H. R. Marquez Falcon, G. Marsella, D. Martello, L. Martin, H. Martinez, O. Martínez Bravo, H. J. Mathes, J. Matthews, J. A. J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, D. Maurel, D. Maurizio, P. O. Mazur, G. Medina-Tanco, M. Melissas, D. Melo, E. Menichetti, A. Menshikov, P. Mertsch, C. Meurer, S. Mićanović, M. I. Micheletti, I. A. Minaya, L. Miramonti, L. Molina-Bueno, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, D. Monnier Ragaigne, F. Montanet, B. Morales, C. Morello, E. Moreno, J. C. Moreno, M. Mostafá, C. A. Moura, M. A. Muller, G. Müller, M. Münchmeyer, R. Mussa, G. Navarra, J. L. Navarro, S. Navas, P. Necesal, L. Nellen, A. Nelles, J. Neuser, P. T. Nhung, M. Niechciol, L. Niemietz, N. Nierstenhoefer, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, L. Nožka, J. Oehlschläger, A. Olinto, M. Ortiz, N. Pacheco, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, N. Palmieri, G. Parente, E. Parizot, A. Parra, S. Pastor, T. Paul, M. Pech, J. Pękala, R. Pelayo, I. M. Pepe, L. Perrone, R. Pesce, E. Petermann, S. Petrera, A. Petrolini, Y. Petrov, C. Pfendner, R. Piegaia, T. Pierog, P. Pieroni, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, M. Plum, V. H. Ponce, M. Pontz, A. Porcelli, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, E. J. Quel, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, O. Ravel, D. Ravignani, B. Revenu, J. Ridky, S. Riggi, M. Risse, P. Ristori, H. Rivera, V. Rizi, J. Roberts, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, G. Rodriguez, I. Rodriguez Cabo, J. Rodriguez Martino, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, G. Ros, J. Rosado, T. Rossler, M. Roth, B. Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, E. Roulet, A. C. Rovero, C. Rühle, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, F. Salesa Greus, G. Salina, F. Sánchez, C. E. Santo, E. Santos, E. M. Santos, F. Sarazin, B. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, R. Sato, N. Scharf, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, P. Schiffer, A. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, J. Schovancova, P. Schovánek, F. Schröder, S. Schulte, D. Schuster, S. J. Sciutto, M. Scuderi, A. Segreto, M. Settimo, A. Shadkam, R. C. Shellard, I. Sidelnik, G. Sigl, O. Sima, A. Śmiałkowski, R. Šmída, G. R. Snow, P. Sommers, J. Sorokin, H. Spinka, R. Squartini, Y. N. Srivastava, S. Stanic, J. Stapleton, J. Stasielak, M. Stephan, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijärvi, A. D. Supanitsky, T. Šuša, M. S. Sutherland, J. Swain, Z. Szadkowski, M. Szuba, A. Tapia, M. Tartare, O. Taşcău, R. Tcaciuc, N. T. Thao, D. Thomas, J. Tiffenberg, C. Timmermans, W. Tkaczyk, C. J. Todero Peixoto, G. Toma, L. Tomankova, B. Tomé, A. Tonachini, P. Travnicek, D. B. Tridapalli, G. Tristram, E. Trovato, M. Tueros, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J. F. Valdés Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, A. M. van den Berg, E. Varela, B. Vargas Cárdenas, J. R. Vázquez, R. A. Vázquez, D. Veberič, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, M. Videla, L. Villaseñor, H. Wahlberg, P. Wahrlich, O. Wainberg, D. Walz, A. A. Watson, M. Weber, K. Weidenhaupt, A. Weindl, F. Werner, S. Westerhoff, B. J. Whelan, A. Widom, G. Wieczorek, L. Wiencke, B. Wilczyñska, H. Wilczyñski, M. Will, C. Williams, T. Winchen, M. Wommer, B. Wundheiler, T. Yamamoto, T. Yapici, P. Younk, G. Yuan, A. Yushkov, B. Zamorano Garcia, E. Zas, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, I. Zaw, A. Zepeda, Y. Zhu, M. Zimbres Silva, and M. Ziolkowski
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The observation of ultrahigh energy neutrinos (UHEνs) has become a priority in experimental astroparticle physics. UHEνs can be detected with a variety of techniques. In particular, neutrinos can interact in the atmosphere (downward-going ν) or in the Earth crust (Earth-skimming ν), producing air showers that can be observed with arrays of detectors at the ground. With the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory we can detect these types of cascades. The distinguishing signature for neutrino events is the presence of very inclined showers produced close to the ground (i.e., after having traversed a large amount of atmosphere). In this work we review the procedure and criteria established to search for UHEνs in the data collected with the ground array of the Pierre Auger Observatory. This includes Earth-skimming as well as downward-going neutrinos. No neutrino candidates have been found, which allows us to place competitive limits to the diffuse flux of UHEνs in the EeV range and above.
Published: 2013
Full Text: View/download PDF

27. First Search for Bosonic Superweakly Interacting Massive Particles with Masses up to <math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>MeV</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math> with GERDA

Author: M, Agostini, A M, Bakalyarov, M, Balata, I, Barabanov, L, Baudis, C, Bauer, E, Bellotti, S, Belogurov, A, Bettini, L, Bezrukov, D, Borowicz, E, Bossio, V, Bothe, V, Brudanin, R, Brugnera, A, Caldwell, C, Cattadori, A, Chernogorov, T, Comellato, V, D'Andrea, E V, Demidova, N, Di Marco, E, Doroshkevich, V, Egorov, F, Fischer, M, Fomina, A, Gangapshev, A, Garfagnini, C, Gooch, P, Grabmayr, V, Gurentsov, K, Gusev, J, Hakenmüller, S, Hemmer, R, Hiller, W, Hofmann, M, Hult, L V, Inzhechik, J, Janicskó Csáthy, J, Jochum, M, Junker, V, Kazalov, Y, Kermaïdic, H, Khushbakht, T, Kihm, I V, Kirpichnikov, A, Klimenko, R, Kneißl, K T, Knöpfle, O, Kochetov, V N, Kornoukhov, P, Krause, V V, Kuzminov, M, Laubenstein, A, Lazzaro, M, Lindner, I, Lippi, A, Lubashevskiy, B, Lubsandorzhiev, G, Lutter, C, Macolino, B, Majorovits, W, Maneschg, M, Miloradovic, R, Mingazheva, M, Misiaszek, P, Moseev, I, Nemchenok, K, Panas, L, Pandola, K, Pelczar, L, Pertoldi, P, Piseri, A, Pullia, C, Ransom, L, Rauscher, S, Riboldi, N, Rumyantseva, C, Sada, F, Salamida, S, Schönert, J, Schreiner, M, Schütt, A-K, Schütz, O, Schulz, M, Schwarz, B, Schwingenheuer, O, Selivanenko, E, Shevchik, M, Shirchenko, H, Simgen, A, Smolnikov, D, Stukov, A A, Vasenko, A, Veresnikova, C, Vignoli, K, von Sturm, T, Wester, C, Wiesinger, M, Wojcik, E, Yanovich, B, Zatschler, I, Zhitnikov, S V, Zhukov, D, Zinatulina, A, Zschocke, A J, Zsigmond, K, Zuber, and G, Zuzel
Abstract: We present the first search for bosonic superweakly interacting massive particles (super-WIMPs) as keV-scale dark matter candidates performed with the GERDA experiment. GERDA is a neutrinoless double-β decay experiment which operates high-purity germanium detectors enriched in Ge76 in an ultralow background environment at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) of INFN in Italy. Searches were performed for pseudoscalar and vector particles in the mass region from 60 keV/c2 to 1 MeV/c2. No evidence for a dark matter signal was observed, and the most stringent constraints on the couplings of super-WIMPs with masses above 120 keV/c2 have been set. As an example, at a mass of 150 keV/c2 the most stringent direct limits on the dimensionless couplings of axionlike particles and dark photons to electrons of gae<3×10−12 and α′/α<6.5×10−24 at 90% credible interval, respectively, were obtained.
Published: 2020

28. First Search for Bosonic Superweakly Interacting Massive Particles with Masses up to 1 MeV/c2 with GERDA

Author: K. Panas, M. M. Wojcik, V. N. Kornoukhov, K. Pelczar, A.-K. Schütz, E. Bellotti, L. B. Bezrukov, E. Shevchik, N. Di Marco, Alessandro Bettini, Manfred Lindner, W. Maneschg, Guillaume Lutter, A. M. Bakalyarov, E. A. Yanovich, T. Wester, A.A. Smolnikov, O.I. Kochetov, Laura Baudis, C. Cattadori, Anna Julia Zsigmond, V. G. Egorov, Kai Zuber, R. Brugnera, O. Selivanenko, R. Mingazheva, Th. Kihm, M. Balata, A. A. Vasenko, V. V. Kuzminov, Matteo Agostini, L. Rauscher, B. Schwingenheuer, M. Junker, Werner Hofmann, V. I. Gurentsov, A. Zschocke, V. Bothe, Paolo Piseri, Allen Caldwell, A. M. Gangapshev, E. Doroshkevich, I. V. Kirpichnikov, H. Khushbakht, P. Moseev, Jochen Schreiner, P. Grabmayr, Luciano Pandola, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, L. V. Inzhechik, C. Vignoli, A. Lazzaro, M. Miloradovic, K. von Sturm, A. A. Klimenko, L. Pertoldi, M. Schwarz, A. Garfagnini, O. Schulz, A. Pullia, K. N. Gusev, A. Lubashevskiy, N. Rumyantseva, K. T. Knöpfle, C. Macolino, Cinzia Sada, V.B. Brudanin, C. Ransom, Hardy Simgen, B. Zatschler, I. R. Barabanov, C. Gooch, R. Kneißl, S. V. Zhukov, Josef Jochum, S. Schönert, V. V. Kazalov, Franz Dieter Fischer, T. Comellato, M. Laubenstein, A. V. Veresnikova, A. Chernogorov, R. Hiller, G. Zuzel, P. Krause, Y. Kermaïdic, Ivano Lippi, J. Hakenmüller, C. Wiesinger, M. Shirchenko, V. D'Andrea, M. Fomina, D. Stukov, E. Bossio, F. Salamida, C. Bauer, Stefano Riboldi, M. Misiaszek, M. Schütt, D. Borowicz, J. Janicskó Csáthy, I. Zhitnikov, Igor Nemchenok, Bela Majorovits, E. V. Demidova, S. Belogurov, D. R. Zinatulina, Mikael Hult, and S. Hemmer
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Photon, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Germanium, Electron, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Pseudoscalar, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Dimensionless quantity
Abstract: We present the first search for bosonic superweakly interacting massive particles (super-WIMPs) as keV-scale dark matter candidates performed with the GERDA experiment. GERDA is a neutrinoless double-s decay experiment which operates high-purity germanium detectors enriched in ^{76}Ge in an ultralow background environment at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) of INFN in Italy. Searches were performed for pseudoscalar and vector particles in the mass region from 60 keV/c^{2} to 1 MeV/c^{2}. No evidence for a dark matter signal was observed, and the most stringent constraints on the couplings of super-WIMPs with masses above 120 keV/c^{2} have been set. As an example, at a mass of 150 keV/c^{2} the most stringent direct limits on the dimensionless couplings of axionlike particles and dark photons to electrons of g_{ae}
Published: 2020

29. Studies on the response of a water-Cherenkov detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory to atmospheric muons using an RPC hodoscope

Author: A. Zepeda, Pedro Assis, H. Martinez, A. Etchegoyen, Dariusz Gora, Bjarni Pont, Alan Coleman, B. Tome, Peter Hansen, F. Guarino, John Matthews, Peter Buchholz, S. J. Saffi, D. Lo Presti, S. J. De Jong, B. García, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, G. Cataldi, V. Scherini, Martin Erdmann, G. Matthiae, J. de Jesús, Frank G. Schröder, Antonio Bueno, A. Streich, Gioacchino Alex Anastasi, M. Wirtz, Thomas Hebbeker, Sergio Dasso, Tristan Sudholz, P. Abreu, D. Ravignani, Roger W Clay, Marco Aglietta, Marko Zavrtanik, E. Santos, Jarryd A. Day, G. De Mauro, F. Riehn, Marina Scornavacche, Alexandra Saftoiu, Tiina Suomijarvi, F. Pedreira, Raul Sarmento, Felix Schlüter, Martin Vacula, J. Rautenberg, Q. Luce, Gualberto Avila, Martín Miguel Freire, Fabian Gobbi, Jiri Blazek, Lorenzo Caccianiga, Denis Stanca, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Miroslav Pech, M. Pothast, Markus Roth, D. Nitz, A.C. Cobos Cerutti, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, Paul Sommers, A. Blanco, Marcus Niechciol, B. Vargas Cárdenas, J. Pallotta, L. R. Wiencke, G. Marsella, F. Sánchez, Heino Falcke, Maximilian Stadelmaier, Jesús Peña-Rodríguez, Carla Bleve, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, B. Andrada, P. Horvath, Isabel Goos, D. Heck, John Farmer, Jonathan Biteau, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, A.D. Supanitsky, J. Pȩkala, Antonio Condorelli, Christine Peters, Maria-Teresa Dova, M. R. Hampel, Valerio Verzi, J. Vicha, A. M. Botti, Niraj Dhital, P. Tobiska, Sofia Andringa, Julian Kemp, Luis Villaseñor, R. Conceição, A. Weindl, S. Querchfeld, Miroslav Hrabovský, T. Huege, M. del Río, Nicolás González, Jeffrey Brack, A.L. Garcia Vegas, M. Schimp, Marvin Gottowik, Maria Rita Coluccia, Maximilian Reininghaus, M.A. Leigui de Oliveira, Olaf Scholten, Gaia Silli, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, D. Mockler, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, A. Di Matteo, Eric Mayotte, A. Haungs, A. Filipčič, G. Torralba Elipe, I. Valiño, Olena Tkachenko, M. I. Micheletti, B. C. Manning, P. Ruehl, Ralf Ulrich, M. Gómez Berisso, L. Valore, B. Wundheiler, L. Lopes, Roberto Mussa, J. Šupík, Carlo Ventura, F. Sarazin, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, David Schmidt, S. Schröder, Italo Epicoco, S. Petrera, Marc Weber, Charles Timmermans, Hernán Asorey, R.C. dos Anjos, R.C. Shellard, Adriana Vásquez-Ramírez, J. F. Valdés Galicia, M. Palatka, Mario Buscemi, Jörg R. Hörandel, P. Mantsch, J. Hulsman, Julien Manshanden, Dusan Mandat, Lukáš Vaclavek, H. J. Mathes, I. De Mitri, Stanislav Michal, G. Mancarella, François Montanet, G. Golup, B. Keilhauer, Sullivan Marafico, Vladimir Lenok, L. Perrone, Francesco Fenu, Ladislav Chytka, Gaetano Salina, Hernan Wahlberg, Miguel Mostafa, Violet M. Harvey, Andres Travaini, E. Varela, J.D. Sanabria Gomez, D. Harari, L. Nožka, J. Chudoba, S. J. Sciutto, J. Rodriguez Rojo, Fridtjof Feldbusch, Marcel Köpke, M. Platino, C. M. Schäfer, Maria Giller, R. Squartini, Alfred Müller, Marco Giammarchi, Juan Miguel Carceller, P. Savina, Eleonora Guido, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, Flavia Gesualdi, Alex Kääpä, Enrique Zas, A. Parra, Alena Bakalova, J. Stasielak, Massimo Mastrodicasa, R. M. de Almeida, Teresa Bister, E. De Vito, R.J. Barreira Luz, Alina Mihaela Badescu, Dalibor Nosek, Fernando Contreras, Brian Fick, Samo Stanič, Giovanni Consolati, Cristina Galea, P. Ristori, M. Trini, K. Choi, Martina Bohacova, G. Medina-Tanco, A. Tapia, Octavian Sima, A. Cancio, H. Gemmeke, R. Halliday, Nataliia Borodai, M. Unger, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, M.P. Panetta, Petr Schovanek, Juan Pablo Gongora, Christian Sarmiento-Cano, Francesca Zuccarello, Luis A. Anchordoqui, I. Allekotte, M. J. Roncoroni, Valerio Pirronello, H. Schieler, Q. Dorosti, Philipp Papenbreer, C. J. Todero Peixoto, Karl-Heinz Kampert, L. Calcagni, Kai Daumiller, Antonella Castellina, A. C. Fauth, F. Salamida, A. Yushkov, A. Fuster, A. Puyleart, L. Nellen, Zbigniew Szadkowski, Michael Prouza, Corinne Berat, Carla Bonifazi, Rodrigo Pelayo, Denise Boncioli, D. Melo, Stijn Buitink, M. Risse, V. Novotny, Trent D. Grubb, A. Taboada, Jose A. Bellido, C. Morello, Rossella Caruso, Fabio Convenga, A. Lucero, Fernando Catalani, Caterina Trimarelli, M. A. Muller, Juan Manuel Figueira, H. Wilczyński, Roberta Colalillo, P.F. Gómez Vitale, I.D. Vergara Quispe, A. G. Mariazzi, A. Aab, R. Sato, Peter L. Biermann, G. P. Guedes, Toshihiro Fujii, Paolo Privitera, Jakub Juryšek, G. Kukec Mezek, Alessio Gorgi, M. E. Bertaina, A. Menshikov, P. Travnicek, J. Debatin, Orazio Zapparrata, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Muzio, Steffen Hahn, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, Esteban Roulet, Justin M. Albury, Alan Watson, M. Perlin, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, J. Alvarez Castillo, Matias Tueros, Luis A. Nunez, Piera Luisa Ghia, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, B. L. Lago, Günter Sigl, P. Stassi, Radomir Smida, A. Machado Payeras, Paula Gina Isar, Fernando Gollan, E. M. Santos, R. Alves Batista, Bruce R. Dawson, P.O. Mazur, V. de Souza, K.-H. Becker, M. Pimenta, P.R. Araújo Ferreira, Tobias Winchen, Florian Lukas Briechle, Max Malacari, J. Perez Armand, Claudio Galelli, Jose Chinellato, Ioana Caracas, A. Letessier-Selvon, Lorenzo Cazon, A. van Vliet, David Wittkowski, Danielle LaHurd, Olivier Deligny, Tomáš Fodran, R. Lorek, M. Urban, W. M. Namasaka, A. C. Rovero, Ugo Giaccari, Alexandru Balaceanu, M. Suárez-Durán, Carla Aramo, Julien Souchard, D. Martello, M. Ziolkowski, O. Martínez Bravo, K. Mulrey, Silvia Mollerach, N. Fazzini, Ioana Codrina Maris, Jonas Glombitza, F. C. T. Barbato, D. Zavrtanik, Serguei Vorobiov, G. C. Hill, Jorge F. Soriano, Ralph Engel, Marcos Cerda, J. Ridky, Darko Veberič, J. Kleinfeller, Carlos Escobar, Kevin-Druis Merenda, M. Schimassek, C. Hojvat, Jan Ebr, Jacco Vink, H.O. Klages, A. A. Nucita, G. Parente, Fabrizia Canfora, L. Zehrer, J. de Oliveira, Alejandro Almela, Thomas Bretz, V. Rizi, Corbin Covault, Lino Miramonti, D. de Oliveira Franco, Xavier Bertou, Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Castillo, J. Alvarez, Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Batista, R. Alve, Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Ferreira, P. R. Araújo, Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Luz, R. J. Barreira, Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blanco, A., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Arbeletche, L. Bonneau, Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Calcagni, L., Cancio, A., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Choi, K., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cerutti, A. C. Cobo, Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Covault, C. E., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., de Almeida, R. M., de Jesús, J., de Jong, S. J., Mauro, G. De, Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, Mitri, I. De, de Oliveira, J., Franco, D. de Oliveira, de Souza, V., Vito, E. De, Debatin, J., Río, M. del, Deligny, O., Dhital, N., Matteo, A. Di, Castro, M. L. Díaz, Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorosti, Q., Anjos, R. C. do, Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fodran, T., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., García, B., Vegas, A. L. Garcia, Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, Gongora, J. P., González, N., Goos, I., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Halliday, R., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kääpä, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, J., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Köpke, M., Mezek, G. Kukec, Lago, B. L., Lahurd, D., Lang, R. G., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Presti, D. Lo, Lopes, L., López, R., Lorek, R., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Payeras, A. Machado, Malacari, M., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Bravo, O. Martínez, Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mockler, D., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Müller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nellen, L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A, Núñez, L. A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Panetta, M. P., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña-Rodriguez, J., Armand, J. Perez, Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigue, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Gomez, J. D. Sanabria, Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schäfer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schlüter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schröder, S., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Šmída, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Streich, A., Suárez-Durán, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Šupík, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Tapia, A., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomé, B., Elipe, G. Torralba, Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Trini, M., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdé, Valiño, I., Valore, L., Vliet, A. van, Varela, E., Cárdenas, B. Varga, Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Quispe, I. D. Vergara, Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Villaseñor, L., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Zepeda, A., Ziolkowski, M., Zuccarello, F., Castillo, J. A., Alvarez-Muniz, J., Batista, R. A., Ferreira, P. R. A., Luz, R. J. B., Bohacova, M., Arbeletche, L. B., Cerutti, A. C. C., Conceicao, R., De Almeida, R. M., De Jesus, J., De Jong, S. J., Mauro, G. D., Neto, J. R. T. D. M., De Mitri, I., De Oliveira, J., De Oliveira Franco, D., De Souza, V., De Vito, E., Del Rio, M., Di Matteo, A., Castro, M. L. D., Dos Anjos, R. C., Filipcic, A., Garcia, B., Vegas, A. L. G., Berisso, M. G., Vitale, P. F. G., Gonzalez, N., Gora, D., Horandel, J. R., Hrabovsky, M., Kaapa, A., Kopke, M., Mezek, G. K., De Oliveira, M. A. L., Presti, D. L., Lopez, R., Payeras, A. M., Maris, I. C., Bravo, O. M., Mostafa, M., Muller, A. L., Nozka, L., Nucita, A., Nunez, L. A., Pkala, J., Pena-Rodriguez, J., Armand, J. P., De Carvalho, W. R., Rojo, J. R., Gomez, J. D. S., Sanchez, F., Schafer, C. M., Schluter, F., Schovanek, P., Schroder, F. G., Schroder, S., Smida, R., Stanic, S., Suarez-Duran, M., Suomijarvi, T., Supik, J., Peixoto, C. J. T., Tome, B., Elipe, G. T., Galicia, J. F. V., Valino, I., Vliet, A. V., Cardenas, B. V., Vasquez-Ramirez, A., Veberic, D., Quispe, I. D. V., Villasenor, L., Wilczynski, H., High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Physics, Elementary Particle Physics, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Pierre Auger, Aab A., Abreu P., Aglietta M., Albury J.M., Allekotte I., Almela A., Castillo J.A., Alvarez-Muniz J., Batista R.A., Anastasi G.A., Anchordoqui L., Andrada B., Andringa S., Aramo C., Ferreira P.R.A., Asorey H., Assis P., Avila G., Badescu A.M., Bakalova A., Balaceanu A., Barbato F., Luz R.J.B., Becker K.H., Bellido J.A., Berat C., Bertaina M.E., Bertou X., Biermann P.L., Bister T., Biteau J., Blanco A., Blazek J., Bleve C., Bohacova M., Boncioli D., Bonifazi C., Arbeletche L.B., Borodai N., Botti A.M., Brack J., Bretz T., Briechle F.L., Buchholz P., Bueno A., Buitink S., Buscemi M., Caballero-Mora K.S., Caccianiga L., Calcagni L., Cancio A., Canfora F., Caracas I., Carceller J.M., Caruso R., Castellina A., Catalani F., Cataldi G., Cazon L., Cerda M., Chinellato J.A., Choi K., Chudoba J., Chytka L., Clay R.W., Cerutti A.C.C., Colalillo R., Coleman A., Coluccia M.R., Conceicao R., Condorelli A., Consolati G., Contreras F., Convenga F., Covault C.E., Dasso S., Daumiller K., Dawson B.R., Day J.A., De Almeida R.M., De Jesus J., De Jong S.J., Mauro G.D., Neto J.R.T.D.M., De Mitri I., De Oliveira J., De Oliveira Franco D., De Souza V., De Vito E., Debatin J., Del Rio M., Deligny O., Dhital N., Di Matteo A., Castro M.L.D., Dobrigkeit C., D'Olivo J.C., Dorosti Q., Dos Anjos R.C., Dova M.T., Ebr J., Engel R., Epicoco I., Erdmann M., Escobar C.O., Etchegoyen A., Falcke H., Farmer J., Farrar G., Fauth A.C., Fazzini N., Feldbusch F., Fenu F., Fick B., Figueira J.M., Filipcic A., Fodran T., Freire M.M., Fujii T., Fuster A., Galea C., Galelli C., Garcia B., Vegas A.L.G., Gemmeke H., Gesualdi F., Gherghel-Lascu A., Ghia P.L., Giaccari U., Giammarchi M., Giller M., Glombitza J., Gobbi F., Gollan F., Golup G., Berisso M.G., Vitale P.F.G., Gongora J.P., Gonzalez N., Goos I., Gora D., Gorgi A., Gottowik M., Grubb T.D., Guarino F., Guedes G.P., Guido E., Hahn S., Halliday R., Hampel M.R., Hansen P., Harari D., Harvey V.M., Haungs A., Hebbeker T., Heck D., Hill G.C., Hojvat C., Horandel J.R., Horvath P., Hrabovsky M., Huege T., Hulsman J., Insolia A., Isar P.G., Johnsen J.A., Jurysek J., Kaapa A., Kampert K.H., Keilhauer B., Kemp J., Klages H.O., Kleifges M., Kleinfeller J., Kopke M., Mezek G.K., Lago B.L., Lahurd D., Lang R.G., De Oliveira M.A.L., Lenok V., Letessier-Selvon A., Lhenry-Yvon I., Presti D.L., Lopes L., Lopez R., Lorek R., Luce Q., Lucero A., Payeras A.M., Malacari M., Mancarella G., Mandat D., Manning B.C., Manshanden J., Mantsch P., Marafico S., Mariazzi A.G., Maris I.C., Marsella G., Martello D., Martinez H., Bravo O.M., Mastrodicasa M., Mathes H.J., Matthews J., Matthiae G., Mayotte E., Mazur P.O., Medina-Tanco G., Melo D., Menshikov A., Merenda K.-D., Michal S., Micheletti M.I., Miramonti L., Mockler D., Mollerach S., Montanet F., Morello C., Mostafa M., Muller A.L., Muller M.A., Mulrey K., Mussa R., Muzio M., Namasaka W.M., Nellen L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu M., Niechciol M., Nitz D., Nosek D., Novotny V., Nozka L., Nucita A., Nunez L.A., Palatka M., Pallotta J., Panetta M.P., Papenbreer P., Parente G., Parra A., Pech M., Pedreira F., Pkala J., Pelayo R., Pena-Rodriguez J., Armand J.P., Perlin M., Perrone L., Peters C., Petrera S., Pierog T., Pimenta M., Pirronello V., Platino M., Pont B., Pothast M., Privitera P., Prouza M., Puyleart A., Querchfeld S., Rautenberg J., Ravignani D., Reininghaus M., Ridky J., Riehn F., Risse M., Ristori P., Rizi V., De Carvalho W.R., Rojo J.R., Roncoroni M.J., Roth M., Roulet E., Rovero A.C., Ruehl P., Saffi S.J., Saftoiu A., Salamida F., Salazar H., Salina G., Gomez J.D.S., Sanchez F., Santos E.M., Santos E., Sarazin F., Sarmento R., Sarmiento-Cano C., Sato R., Savina P., Schafer C.M., Scherini V., Schieler H., Schimassek M., Schimp M., Schluter F., Schmidt D., Scholten O., Schovanek P., Schroder F.G., Schroder S., Sciutto S.J., Scornavacche M., Shellard R.C., Sigl G., Silli G., Sima O., Smida R., Sommers P., Soriano J.F., Souchard J., Squartini R., Stadelmaier M., Stanca D., Stanic S., Stasielak J., Stassi P., Streich A., Suarez-Duran M., Sudholz T., Suomijarvi T., Supanitsky A.D., Supik J., Szadkowski Z., Taboada A., Tapia A., Timmermans C., Tkachenko O., Tobiska P., Peixoto C.J.T., Tome B., Elipe G.T., Travaini A., Travnicek P., Trimarelli C., Trini M., Tueros M., Ulrich R., Unger M., Urban M., Vaclavek L., Vacula M., Galicia J.F.V., Valino I., Valore L., Vliet A.V., Varela E., Cardenas B.V., Vasquez-Ramirez A., Veberic D., Ventura C., Quispe I.D.V., Verzi V., Vicha J., Villasenor L., Vink J., Vorobiov S., Wahlberg H., Watson A.A., Weber M., Weindl A., Wiencke L., Wilczynski H., Winchen T., Wirtz M., Wittkowski D., Wundheiler B., Yushkov A., Zapparrata O., Zas E., Zavrtanik D., Zavrtanik M., Zehrer L., Zepeda A., Ziolkowski M., and Zuccarello F.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Observatory, atmosphere [muon], Instrumentation, physics.ins-det, Mathematical Physics, Large detector-systems performance, Physics, Instrumentation et méthodes en physique, Performance of high energy physics detectors, Data reduction methods, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, Detector, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, resistive plate chamber, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), trajectory [muon], Auger, observatory, muon: atmosphere, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, atmosphere [showers], Cherenkov detector, air, Cherenkov counter: water, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, UHE [cosmic radiation], FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, muon: trajectory, Nuclear physics, 03 medical and health sciences, Hodoscope, Data reduction method, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, High Energy Physics, ddc:610, cosmic radiation: UHE, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Zenith, Ciencias Exactas, Pierre Auger Observatory, showers: atmosphere, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, water [Cherenkov counter], hodoscope, Física, Autres mathématiques, stability, calibration, Data reduction methods, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, Large detector-systems performance, Performance of High Energy Physics Detectors, Experimental High Energy Physics, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physic, High Energy Physics::Experiment, RAIOS CÓSMICOS, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: Extensive air showers, originating from ultra-high energy cosmic rays, have been successfully measured through the use of arrays of water-Cherenkov detectors (WCDs). Sophisticated analyses exploiting WCD data have made it possible to demonstrate that shower simulations, based on different hadronic-interaction models, cannot reproduce the observed number of muons at the ground. The accurate knowledge of the WCD response to muons is paramount in establishing the exact level of this discrepancy. In this work, we report on a study of the response of a WCD of the Pierre Auger Observatory to atmospheric muons performed with a hodoscope made of resistive plate chambers (RPCs), enabling us to select and reconstruct nearly 600 thousand single muon trajectories with zenith angles ranging from 0º to 55º. Comparison of distributions of key observables between the hodoscope data and the predictions of dedicated simulations allows us to demonstrate the accuracy of the latter at a level of 2%. As the WCD calibration is based on its response to atmospheric muons, the hodoscope data are also exploited to show the long-term stability of the procedure., La lista completa de autores que integran el documento puede consultarse en el archivo., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Física La Plata
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

30. A 3-Year Sample of Almost 1,600 Elves Recorded Above South America by the Pierre Auger Cosmic-Ray Observatory

Author: B. García, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Francesca Zuccarello, Hernan Wahlberg, Q. Luce, Jose Chinellato, P. H. Nguyen, Martin Erdmann, Octavian Sima, J. Kleinfeller, H. J. Mathes, Z. Zong, G. Matthiae, R. R. Prado, F. Diogo, E. M. Santos, M. Schauer, A. Streich, Gioacchino Alex Anastasi, Stanislav Michal, A. Taboada, A. Letessier-Selvon, A. Parra, Antonio Bueno, Daniel Kuempel, M. Wirtz, Isabel Goos, Lorenzo Cazon, R. M. de Almeida, Kevin-Druis Merenda, D. Heck, G. P. Guedes, Roger W Clay, A. van Vliet, Frank G. Schröder, Toshihiro Fujii, P. Ristori, M. del Río, Bruce R. Dawson, Tim Huege, M. Trini, P.F. Gómez Vitale, Gualberto Avila, P.O. Mazur, David Wittkowski, J. Rodriguez Rojo, Jakub Juryšek, J. Debatin, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, Angela V. Olinto, G. Salina, Danielle LaHurd, Olivier Deligny, Charles Timmermans, Lukas Middendorf, Fridtjof Feldbusch, Ioana Codrina Maris, M. I. Micheletti, Antonio Condorelli, R. Lorek, Giuseppe De Mauro, J. F. Valdés Galicia, G. C. Hill, Ugo Giaccari, Jorge F. Soriano, Enrique Zas, A. Cancio, Ralph Engel, Rodrigo Pelayo, Q. Dorosti, J. Ridky, Stijn Buitink, Christine Peters, M. Scornavacche, M. Zavrtanik, M. Schimp, M. Risse, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, Justin M. Albury, Max Malacari, Lili Yang, Markus Roth, I. Allekotte, John Farmer, Piotr Homola, Fernando Contreras, E.M. Holt, Giovanni Consolati, B. C. Manning, Jonathan Blazek, R. Ramos-Pollan, L. Nellen, Piera Luisa Ghia, M. Josebachuili, C. Morello, A. Tapia, Jonathan Biteau, Dariusz Gora, Maria-Teresa Dova, Giovanni Marsella, D. Nosek, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Benedikt Zimmermann, Rúben Conceição, E. Santos, Alessio Gorgi, A. C. Fauth, Vladimir Lenok, L. Perrone, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, A.M. van den Berg, Darko Veberič, G. Torralba Elipe, Philipp Papenbreer, G. Parente, Fabrizia Canfora, A. Aab, R. Krause, L. Valore, G. Morlino, Hernán Asorey, A. Bridgeman, Esteban Roulet, Petr Travnicek, Carla Bonifazi, S. J. Saffi, Alan Coleman, Trent D. Grubb, Jose A. Bellido, Carola Dobrigkeit, L. Zehrer, Thomas Harrison, D. Melo, R. Legumina, G. Kukec Mezek, M. J. Roncoroni, D. Nitz, Nicolas Martin Gonzalez, Peter L. Biermann, R.C. dos Anjos, L. A. S. Pereira, M.P. Panetta, Petr Schovanek, A. Puyleart, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, S. Baur, M. Stolpovskiy, Juan Manuel Figueira, Roberta Colalillo, M. Palatka, Jan Pękala, A. G. Mariazzi, M. Perlin, Luis Villaseñor, Alan Watson, M. E. Bertaina, A. Menshikov, F. Pedreira, J. Phuntsok, A. Weindl, Raul Sarmento, Paolo Privitera, D. Lo Presti, S. J. De Jong, Patricia María Hansen, Marvin Gottowik, N. Kemmerich, Martina Bohacova, K.-H. Becker, M. Pimenta, Eric Mayotte, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, S. Quinn, Xavier Bertou, Felix Schlüter, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, A. Zepeda, L. R. Wiencke, I.D. Vergara Quispe, J. Alvarez Castillo, P. Ruehl, Pedro Assis, Maximilian Reininghaus, M. Schimassek, J. de Oliveira, Alejandro Almela, C. Hojvat, Marco Giammarchi, Jan Ebr, Fabian Gobbi, Jarryd A. Day, A. Etchegoyen, David Schmidt, A. M. Botti, Roberto Mussa, M. Gómez Berisso, R. C. Shellard, Juan Pablo Gongora, Günter Sigl, Tobias Winchen, R. Sato, Florian Lukas Briechle, Denis Stanca, P. Stassi, Paul Sommers, Radomir Smida, F. Guarino, John Matthews, A. Blanco, O. C. Lippmann, A.C. Cobos Cerutti, B. Vargas Cárdenas, T. Suomijärvi, Peter Buchholz, J. Pallotta, C. Sarmiento-Cano, Jacco Vink, Thomas Bretz, H.O. Klages, Corbin Covault, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, Miroslav Hrabovský, M. Urban, M. Mastrodicasa, Matias Tueros, François Montanet, Lourenco Lopes, Mario Buscemi, B. L. Lago, S. Schröder, M. J. Cooper, F. Sánchez, V. de Souza, A. C. Rovero, Niraj Dhital, J. Rautenberg, C. Bleve, M. Wiedeński, Marco Aglietta, Dusan Mandat, I. Valiño, Matías Rolf Hampel, Alexandru Balaceanu, A. Haungs, Francesco Fenu, A. Kuotb Awad, S. G. Blaess, Lino Miramonti, A. A. Nucita, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Jesús Peña-Rodríguez, P. Abreu, B. Mitrica, D. Ravignani, Heino Falcke, V. Novotny, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, Eleonora Guido, Rossella Caruso, A. Lucero, Fernando Catalani, S. Mathys, Luis A. Nunez, I. Jandt, Ralf Ulrich, Marcio Aparecido Muller, M. Suárez-Durán, Carla Aramo, Jörg R. Hörandel, P. Mantsch, J. Vicha, Z. Szadkowski, Daniela Mockler, Vincenzo Rizi, Julien Souchard, D. Martello, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Miroslav Pech, M. Ziolkowski, M. Platino, F.O. de Oliveira Salles, P. Savina, G. Golup, Paula Gina Isar, Maria Rita Coluccia, Bruno Daniel, G. Mancarella, B. Keilhauer, Pavel Horvath, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, Marcus Niechciol, Silvia Mollerach, O. Martínez Bravo, Julian Kemp, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, Belén Andrada, S. J. Sciutto, P. van Bodegom, S. Müller, Juan Miguel Carceller, Alex Kääpä, S. Querchfeld, Nataliia Borodai, N. Fazzini, Jonas Glombitza, F. C. T. Barbato, A. Fuster, Sofia Andringa, H. Gemmeke, M. Unger, A. D. Supanitsky, J. Šupík, Carlo Ventura, Andrej Dundovic, Lorenzo Caccianiga, B. Wundheiler, Andres Travaini, Gregory R Snow, E. Varela, J.D. Sanabria Gomez, J. Chudoba, H. Schieler, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Ladislav Chytka, L. Calcagni, Kai Daumiller, Antonella Castellina, Alena Bakalova, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, Gaia Silli, P. Heimann, Serguei Vorobiov, A. Filipčič, Federico Suarez, O. A. Taborda, C. Porowski, H. Martinez, F. Sarazin, Marcos Cerda, Denise Boncioli, G. Cataldi, V. Scherini, Valerio Verzi, B. Tome, Alexandra Saftoiu, Thomas Hebbeker, S. Petrera, Marc Weber, Sergio Dasso, Tristan Sudholz, Ivan De Mitri, Martín Miguel Freire, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, F. Riehn, Miguel Mostafa, C. O. Escobar, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, A. López Casado, Samo Stanič, Dariusz Glas, Bjarni Pont, R.J. Barreira Luz, Johannes Schumacher, Violet M. Harvey, D. Harari, F. Salamida, A. Yushkov, L.P. Ferreyro, Alina Mihaela Badescu, M. Prouza, R. Squartini, Alfred Müller, G. Medina-Tanco, R. Halliday, J. Hulsman, J. Poh, Valerio Pirronello, C. J. Todero Peixoto, L. Noža, H. Wilczyński, Aab A., Abreu P., Aglietta M., Albuquerque I.F.M., Albury J.M., Allekotte I., Almela A., Alvarez Castillo J., Alvarez-Muniz J., Anastasi G.A., Anchordoqui L., Andrada B., Andringa S., Aramo C., Asorey H., Assis P., Avila G., Badescu A.M., Bakalova A., Balaceanu A., Barbato F., Barreira Luz R.J., Baur S., Becker K.H., Bellido J.A., Berat C., Bertaina M.E., Bertou X., Biermann P.L., Biteau J., Blaess S.G., Blanco A., Blazek J., Bleve C., Bohacova M., Boncioli D., Bonifazi C., Borodai N., Botti A.M., Brack J., Bretz T., Bridgeman A., Briechle F.L., Buchholz P., Bueno A., Buitink S., Buscemi M., Caballero-Mora K.S., Caccianiga L., Calcagni L., Cancio A., Canfora F., Carceller J.M., Caruso R., Castellina A., Catalani F., Cataldi G., Cazon L., Cerda M., Chinellato J.A., Chudoba J., Chytka L., Clay R.W., Cobos Cerutti A.C., Colalillo R., Coleman A., Coluccia M.R., Conceicao R., Condorelli A., Consolati G., Contreras F., Cooper M.J., Coutu S., Covault C.E., Daniel B., Dasso S., Daumiller K., Dawson B.R., Day J.A., de Almeida R.M., de Jong S.J., Mauro G., de Mello Neto J.R.T., Mitri I., de Oliveira J., de Oliveira Salles F.O., de Souza V., Debatin J., del Rio M., Deligny O., Dhital N., Diaz Castro M.L., Diogo F., Dobrigkeit C., D'Olivo J.C., Dorosti Q., dos Anjos R.C., Dova M.T., Dundovic A., Ebr J., Engel R., Erdmann M., Escobar C.O., Etchegoyen A., Falcke H., Farmer J., Farrar G., Fauth A.C., Fazzini N., Feldbusch F., Fenu F., Ferreyro L.P., Figueira J.M., Filipcic A., Freire M.M., Fujii T., Fuster A., Garcia B., Gemmeke H., Gherghel-Lascu A., Ghia P.L., Giaccari U., Giammarchi M., Giller M., Glas D., Glombitza J., Gobbi F., Golup G., Gomez Berisso M., Gomez Vitale P.F., Gongora J.P., Gonzalez N., Goos I., Gora D., Gorgi A., Gottowik M., Grubb T.D., Guarino F., Guedes G.P., Guido E., Halliday R., Hampel M.R., Hansen P., Harari D., Harrison T.A., Harvey V.M., Haungs A., Hebbeker T., Heck D., Heimann P., Hill G.C., Hojvat C., Holt E.M., Homola P., Horandel J.R., Horvath P., Hrabovsky M., Huege T., Hulsman J., Insolia A., Isar P.G., Jandt I., Johnsen J.A., Josebachuili M., Jurysek J., Kaapa A., Kampert K.H., Keilhauer B., Kemmerich N., Kemp J., Klages H.O., Kleifges M., Kleinfeller J., Krause R., Kuempel D., Kukec Mezek G., Kuotb Awad A., Lago B.L., LaHurd D., Lang R.G., Legumina R., Leigui de Oliveira M.A., Lenok V., Letessier-Selvon A., Lhenry-Yvon I., Lippmann O.C., Lo Presti D., Lopes L., Lopez R., Lopez Casado A., Lorek R., Luce Q., Lucero A., Malacari M., Mancarella G., Mandat D., Manning B.C., Mantsch P., Mariazzi A.G., Maris I.C., Marsella G., Martello D., Martinez H., Martinez Bravo O., Mastrodicasa M., Mathes H.J., Mathys S., Matthews J., Matthiae G., Mayotte E., Mazur P.O., Medina-Tanco G., Melo D., Menshikov A., Merenda K.-D., Michal S., Micheletti M.I., Middendorf L., Miramonti L., Mitrica B., Mockler D., Mollerach S., Montanet F., Morello C., Morlino G., Mostafa M., Muller A.L., Muller M.A., Muller S., Mussa R., Nellen L., Nguyen P.H., Niculescu-Oglinzanu M., Niechciol M., Nitz D., Nosek D., Novotny V., Noza L., Nucita A., Nunez L.A., Olinto A., Palatka M., Pallotta J., Panetta M.P., Papenbreer P., Parente G., Parra A., Pech M., Pedreira F., Pekala J., Pelayo R., Pena-Rodriguez J., Pereira L.A.S., Perlin M., Perrone L., Peters C., Petrera S., Phuntsok J., Pierog T., Pimenta M., Pirronello V., Platino M., Poh J., Pont B., Porowski C., Prado R.R., Privitera P., Prouza M., Puyleart A., Querchfeld S., Quinn S., Ramos-Pollan R., Rautenberg J., Ravignani D., Reininghaus M., Ridky J., Riehn F., Risse M., Ristori P., Rizi V., Rodrigues de Carvalho W., Rodriguez Rojo J., Roncoroni M.J., Roth M., Roulet E., Rovero A.C., Ruehl P., Saffi S.J., Saftoiu A., Salamida F., Salazar H., Salina G., Sanabria Gomez J.D., Sanchez F., Santos E.M., Santos E., Sarazin F., Sarmento R., Sarmiento-Cano C., Sato R., Savina P., Schauer M., Scherini V., Schieler H., Schimassek M., Schimp M., Schluter F., Schmidt D., Scholten O., Schovanek P., Schroder F.G., Schroder S., Schumacher J., Sciutto S.J., Scornavacche M., Shellard R.C., Sigl G., Silli G., Sima O., Smida R., Snow G.R., Sommers P., Soriano J.F., Souchard J., Squartini R., Stanca D., Stanic S., Stasielak J., Stassi P., Stolpovskiy M., Streich A., Suarez F., Suarez-Duran M., Sudholz T., Suomijarvi T., Supanitsky A.D., Supik J., Szadkowski Z., Taboada A., Taborda O.A., Tapia A., Timmermans C., Todero Peixoto C.J., Tome B., Torralba Elipe G., Travaini A., Travnicek P., Trini M., Tueros M., Ulrich R., Unger M., Urban M., Valdes Galicia J.F., Valino I., Valore L., van Bodegom P., van den Berg A.M., van Vliet A., Varela E., Vargas Cardenas B., Veberic D., Ventura C., Vergara Quispe I.D., Verzi V., Vicha J., Villasenor L., Vink J., Vorobiov S., Wahlberg H., Watson A.A., Weber M., Weindl A., Wiedenski M., Wiencke L., Wilczynski H., Winchen T., Wirtz M., Wittkowski D., Wundheiler B., Yang L., Yushkov A., Zas E., Zavrtanik D., Zavrtanik M., Zehrer L., Zepeda A., Zimmermann B., Ziolkowski M., Zong Z., Zuccarello F., Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez-Muniz, J., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Barreira Luz, R. J., Baur, S., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Biteau, J., Blaess, S. G., Blanco, A., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Bohacova, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Bridgeman, A., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Calcagni, L., Cancio, A., Canfora, F., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cobos Cerutti, A. C., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceicao, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. J., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., de Almeida, R. M., de Jong, S. J., Mauro, G., de Mello Neto, J. R. T., Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., de Oliveira Salles, F. O., de Souza, V., Debatin, J., del Rio, M., Deligny, O., Dhital, N., Diaz Castro, M. L., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorosti, Q., dos Anjos, R. C., Dova, M. T., Dundovic, A., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Ferreyro, L. P., Figueira, J. M., Filipcic, A., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Garcia, B., Gemmeke, H., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glas, D., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Golup, G., Gomez Berisso, M., Gomez Vitale, P. F., Gongora, J. P., Gonzalez, N., Goos, I., Gora, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Halliday, R., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Holt, E. M., Homola, P., Horandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovsky, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Jandt, I., Johnsen, J. A., Josebachuili, M., Jurysek, J., Kaapa, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Kemmerich, N., Kemp, J., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Kuempel, D., Kukec Mezek, G., Kuotb Awad, A., Lago, B. L., Lahurd, D., Lang, R. G., Legumina, R., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lippmann, O. C., Lo Presti, D., Lopes, L., Lopez, R., Lopez Casado, A., Lorek, R., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Malacari, M., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Maris, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Martinez Bravo, O., Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Mockler, D., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Morlino, G., Mostafa, M., Muller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Muller, S., Mussa, R., Nellen, L., Nguyen, P. H., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Noza, L., Nucita, A., Nunez, L. A., Olinto, A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Panetta, M. P., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pekala, J., Pelayo, R., Pena-Rodriguez, J., Pereira, L. A. S., Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Phuntsok, J., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Poh, J., Pont, B., Porowski, C., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Ramos-Pollan, R., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., Sanchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schauer, M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schluter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovanek, P., Schroder, F. G., Schroder, S., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Smida, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stanca, D., Stanic, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Stolpovskiy, M., Streich, A., Suarez, F., Suarez-Duran, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijarvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Supik, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Timmermans, C., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tome, B., Torralba Elipe, G., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trini, M., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdes Galicia, J. F., Valino, I., Valore, L., van Bodegom, P., van den Berg, A. M., van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cardenas, B., Veberic, D., Ventura, C., Vergara Quispe, I. D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Villasenor, L., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiedenski, M., Wiencke, L., Wilczynski, H., Winchen, T., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yang, L., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Zepeda, A., Zimmermann, B., Ziolkowski, M., Zong, Z., Zuccarello, F., Physics, ITA, and Research unit Astroparticle Physics
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astronomy, Field of view, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Auger, lcsh:QB1-991, Observatory, ultraviolet, Storm, ddc:550, UHE Cosmic Rays, time resolution, Cosmic-ray observatory, Physics, lcsh:QE1-996.5, astro-ph, Geology, width [beam], Ionosphere, lcsh:Astronomy, UHE [cosmic radiation], Environmental Science (miscellaneous), horizon, Lightning, ddc:530, High Energy Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, fluorescence [detector], background, Física, sensitivity, optics, lcsh:Geology, Elves, UV fluorescence detectors, Thunderstorm, 13. Climate action, Experimental High Energy Physics, network, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Elves
Abstract: The time and location of the 1,598 verified and reconstructed elves, used for the analysis showcased in this paper, are publicly available on the website of the Pierre Auger Observatory (https://www.auger.org/ index.php/science/data). We wish to thank the World Wide Lightning Location Network (http://wwlln.net), a collaboration among over 50 universities and institutions, for providing the lightning location data used in this paper. We acknowledge Robert Marshall for providing one of the most advanced elve simulations to the public, a key tool in understanding the elves observed by the Pierre Auger Observatory. The successful installation, commissioning, and operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and administrative staff in Malargüe., Elves are a class of transient luminous events, with a radial extent typically greater than 250 km, that occur in the lower ionosphere above strong electrical storms. We report the observation of 1,598 elves, from 2014 to 2016, recorded with unprecedented time resolution (100 ns) using the fluorescence detector (FD) of the Pierre Auger Cosmic-Ray Observatory. The Auger Observatory is located in the Mendoza province of Argentina with a viewing footprint for elve observations of 3 · 106 km2, reaching areas above the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, as well as the Córdoba region, which is known for severe convective thunderstorms. Primarily designed for ultrahigh energy cosmic-ray observations, the Auger FD turns out to be very sensitive to the ultraviolet emission in elves. The detector features modified Schmidt optics with large apertures resulting in a field of view that spans the horizon, and year-round operation on dark nights with low moonlight background, when the local weather is favorable. The measured light profiles of 18% of the elve events have more than one peak, compatible with intracloud activity. Within the 3-year sample, 72% of the elves correlate with the far-field radiation measurements of the World Wide Lightning Location Network. The Auger Observatory plans to continue operations until at least 2025, including elve observations and analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this observatory is the only facility on Earth that measures elves with year-round operation and full horizon coverage., Argentina—Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Gobierno de la Provincia de Mendoza; Municipalidad de Malargüe; and NDM Holdings and Valle Las Leñas, in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access; Australia—the Australian Research Council; Brazil—Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq); Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP); Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Grants 2010/07359-6 and 1999/05404-3; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações (MCTIC); Czech Republic—Grants MSMT CRLTT18004, LO1305, LM2015038, and CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001402; France—Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Conseil Régional Ile-de-France; Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS); Département Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS); Institut Lagrange de Paris (ILP) Grant LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63 within the Investissements d'Avenir Programme Grant ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02; Germany—Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); Finanzministerium Baden-Württemberg; Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP); Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft. Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF); Ministerium für Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen; Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst des Landes Baden-Württemberg; Italy—Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF); Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universitá e della Ricerca (MIUR); CETEMPS Center of Excellence; Ministero degli Affari Esteri (MAE); México—Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)167733; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM); PAPIIT DGAPA-UNAM; The Netherlands—Ministry of Education, Culture and Science; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO); Dutch National e-Infrastructure with the support of SURF Cooperative; Poland—National Centre for Research and Development, Grant ERA-NET-ASPERA/02/11; National Science Centre, Grants 2013/08/M/ST9/00322, 2016/23/B/ST9/01635, and HARMONIA 5–2013/10/M/ST9/00062, UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00198; Portugal—Portuguese national funds and FEDER funds within Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (COMPETE); Romania—Romanian Ministry of Research and InnovationCNCS/CCCDI-UESFISCDI, projects PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017- 0839/19PCCDI/2018, PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2016-1922, PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2016-1659, and PN18090102 within PNCDI III; Slovenia—Slovenian Research Agency; Spain—Comunidad de Madrid; Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) funds; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; Xunta de Galicia; European Community 7th Framework Program Grant FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF-328826; USA—Department of Energy, Contracts DE-AC02-07CH11359, DE-FR02-04ER41300, DE-FG02-99ER41107, and DE-SC0011689; National Science Foundation, Grant 0450696; The Grainger Foundation; Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET; European Particle Physics Latin American Network; European Union 7th Framework Program, Grant PIRSES-2009-GA-246806; and UNESCO.
Published: 2020

31. Reconstruction of events recorded with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: Roberto Mussa, M. I. Micheletti, B. Tome, François Montanet, M. Schimassek, Frank G. Schröder, Peter Hansen, F. Guarino, John Matthews, Ioana Codrina Maris, Peter Buchholz, C. Hojvat, G. C. Hill, Jorge F. Soriano, Vladimir Lenok, Ralph Engel, L. Perrone, Jan Ebr, J. Ridky, Denis Stanca, A. Aab, Brian Fick, Eleonora Guido, Luis Villaseñor, John Farmer, Marco Aglietta, Markus Roth, Lorenzo Caccianiga, Julien Manshanden, Andres Travaini, E. Varela, H. J. Mathes, Maximilian Reininghaus, J.D. Sanabria Gomez, L. Nellen, B. Vargas Cárdenas, Maria-Teresa Dova, Jacco Vink, H.O. Klages, P. Savina, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, Bjarni Pont, Stanislav Michal, C. Morello, Miroslav Pech, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, Alena Bakalova, M. Pothast, Pavel Horvath, B. L. Lago, Ralf Ulrich, A. M. Botti, Dusan Mandat, M. L. Díaz Castro, Teresa Bister, Valerio Verzi, M. R. Hampel, Valerio Pirronello, Niraj Dhital, J. Rodriguez Rojo, I. Valiño, Marvin Gottowik, Peter L. Biermann, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, A. A. Nucita, B. Andrada, Fridtjof Feldbusch, L. Calcagni, C. J. Todero Peixoto, Carla Bleve, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, Eric Mayotte, M. Gómez Berisso, G. Farrar, R. C. Shellard, Francesca Zuccarello, K. Choi, Matias Tueros, Sofia Andringa, Paula Gina Isar, F. Riehn, Marina Scornavacche, Paolo Privitera, Kai Daumiller, Günter Sigl, Paul Sommers, A. Blanco, L. Nožka, Enrique Zas, Fernando Contreras, Fred Sarazin, G. De Mauro, Mario Buscemi, Luis A. Anchordoqui, P. Tobiska, A. C. Fauth, Nataliia Borodai, Philipp Papenbreer, Jonathan Biteau, Nicolás González, T. Huege, R.J. Barreira Luz, Petr Travnicek, M. Schimp, F. Sánchez, Antonio Condorelli, Christine Peters, Luis A. Nunez, H. Wilczyński, M. Zavrtanik, P. Stassi, Jörg R. Hörandel, Darko Veberič, R.C. dos Anjos, Radomir Smida, Adriana Vásquez-Ramírez, A. Machado Payeras, Carla Bonifazi, M. Palatka, B. C. Manning, Jose A. Bellido, Isabel Goos, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, Trent D. Grubb, Christian Sarmiento-Cano, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Fabio Convenga, Martin Vacula, Marcus Niechciol, D. Heck, A.L. Garcia Vegas, R. Squartini, E. De Vito, Giovanni Consolati, M. A. Muller, Alfred Müller, A. Di Matteo, A. Taboada, M. del Río, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Juan Manuel Figueira, Jesús Peña-Rodríguez, Francesco Fenu, B. Wundheiler, A. Puyleart, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, Roberta Colalillo, Fernando Gollan, Maria Rita Coluccia, A. G. Mariazzi, Heino Falcke, A. Fuster, J. Vicha, S. Querchfeld, Gaia Silli, I.D. Vergara Quispe, P.F. Gómez Vitale, D. Nosek, M.P. Panetta, Miguel Mostafa, Petr Schovanek, G. Medina-Tanco, R. Halliday, Charles Timmermans, V. de Souza, Olena Tkachenko, Martina Bohacova, A. Filipčič, F. Salamida, Hernán Asorey, A. Yushkov, G. Matthiae, Antonio Bueno, E. Santos, J. Šupík, Carlo Ventura, Hernan Wahlberg, D. Melo, A. Tapia, Juan Pablo Gongora, G. Torralba Elipe, H. Gemmeke, J. Rautenberg, Gualberto Avila, S. Petrera, Marc Weber, Q. Luce, G. P. Guedes, Toshihiro Fujii, G. Marsella, Dariusz Gora, Ladislav Chytka, Massimo Mastrodicasa, L. Valore, M. Unger, D. Mockler, A. Parra, P. Ruehl, Samo Stanič, A. Weindl, E. M. Santos, Maximilian Stadelmaier, R. Sato, G. Golup, J. F. Valdés Galicia, I. De Mitri, Jakub Juryšek, J. Debatin, A. Bridgeman, Alan Coleman, V. Novotny, J. Hulsman, Rossella Caruso, A. Lucero, Fernando Catalani, David Schmidt, S. Schröder, S. J. Saffi, R. Alves Batista, Bruce R. Dawson, Caterina Trimarelli, Italo Epicoco, Steffen Hahn, P. Ristori, P.O. Mazur, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, D. Lo Presti, Sullivan Marafico, M. Trini, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, Xavier Bertou, A. Zepeda, Violet M. Harvey, D. Harari, Esteban Roulet, Pedro Assis, H. Martinez, S. J. De Jong, A. Etchegoyen, Justin M. Albury, Pierre Billoir, F. Pedreira, Marco Giammarchi, Raul Sarmento, Jarryd A. Day, A. Saftoiu, Felix Schlüter, A. Cancio, J. Stasielak, Fabian Gobbi, Piera Luisa Ghia, A.C. Cobos Cerutti, Thomas Hebbeker, Sergio Dasso, Tristan Sudholz, Alina Mihaela Badescu, Cristina Galea, Martín Miguel Freire, M. Prouza, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, I. Allekotte, M. J. Roncoroni, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, Denise Boncioli, R. M. de Almeida, Jose Chinellato, Rodrigo Pelayo, Stijn Buitink, Ioana Caracas, A. Letessier-Selvon, Lorenzo Cazon, Alessio Gorgi, Orazio Zapparrata, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Muzio, A. van Vliet, David Wittkowski, G. Salina, Danielle LaHurd, Olivier Deligny, Tomáš Fodran, R. Lorek, Ugo Giaccari, Alan Watson, M. Perlin, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, J. Alvarez Castillo, Julian Kemp, R. Conceição, Miroslav Hrabovský, A. Haungs, P. Mantsch, Z. Szadkowski, Alex Kääpä, Octavian Sima, L. Lopes, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, H. Schieler, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, Q. Dorosti, Lukáš Vaclavek, G. Mancarella, B. Keilhauer, André Schulz, Karl-Heinz Kampert, S. J. Sciutto, Juan Miguel Carceller, Antonella Castellina, D. Nitz, M. Risse, L. R. Wiencke, Jonathan Blazek, C. M. Schäfer, G. Parente, Fabrizia Canfora, L. Zehrer, J. de Oliveira, Alejandro Almela, Thomas Bretz, Corbin Covault, G. Kukec Mezek, Lino Miramonti, M. E. Bertaina, D. de Oliveira Franco, A. Menshikov, P. Abreu, D. Ravignani, Marcel Köpke, M. Platino, Max Malacari, J. Perez Armand, Claudio Galelli, K.-H. Becker, M. Pimenta, P.R. Araújo Ferreira, Tobias Winchen, Florian Lukas Briechle, Silvia Mollerach, B. García, N. Fazzini, Jonas Glombitza, F. C. T. Barbato, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Martin Erdmann, J. de Jesús, A. Streich, Gioacchino Alex Anastasi, M. Wirtz, J. Chudoba, Roger W Clay, G. Cataldi, V. Scherini, Serguei Vorobiov, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, A.D. Supanitsky, J. Pȩkala, Flavia Gesualdi, Marcos Cerda, M. Urban, W. M. Namasaka, A. C. Rovero, Alexandru Balaceanu, M. Suárez-Durán, Carla Aramo, Vincenzo Rizi, Julien Souchard, D. Martello, M. Ziolkowski, O. Martínez Bravo, K. Mulrey, J. Kleinfeller, Carlos Escobar, Kevin-Druis Merenda, Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Castillo, J. A., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Batista, R. A., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Ferreira, P. R. A., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Luz, R. J. B., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blanco, A., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Bohacova, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Arbeletche, L. B., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Bridgeman, A., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Calcagni, L., Cancio, A., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Choi, K., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cerutti, A. C. C., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceicao, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Covault, C. E., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., De Almeida, R. M., De Jesus, J., De Jong, S. J., Mauro, G. D., Neto, J. R. T. D. M., Mitri, I. D., De Oliveira, J., Franco, D. D. O., De Souza, V., Vito, E. D., Debatin, J., Rio, M. D., Deligny, O., Dhital, N., Matteo, A. D., Castro, M. L. D., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorosti, Q., Anjos, R. C. D., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipcic, A., Fodran, T., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., Garcia, B., Vegas, A. L. G., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Berisso, M. G., Vitale, P. F. G., Gongora, J. P., Gonzalez, N., Goos, I., Gora, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Halliday, R., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Horandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovsky, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kaapa, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, J., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Kopke, M., Mezek, G. K., Lago, B. L., Lahurd, D., Lang, R. G., De Oliveira, M. A. L., Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Presti, D. L., Lopes, L., Lopez, R., Lorek, R., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Payeras, A. M., Malacari, M., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariazzi, A. G., Maris, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Bravo, O. M., Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mockler, D., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafa, M., Muller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nellen, L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nozka, L., Nucita, A., Nuñez, L. A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Panetta, M. P., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pkala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña-Rodriguez, J., Armand, J. P., Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., De Carvalho, W. R., Rojo, J. R., Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Gomez, J. D. S., Sanchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schafer, C., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schluter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovanek, P., Schroder, F. G., Schroder, S., Schulz, A., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Smida, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanic, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Streich, A., Suarez-Duran, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijarvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Supik, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Tapia, A., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Peixoto, C. J. T., Tome, B., Elipe, G. T., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Trini, M., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Galicia, J. F. V., Valiño, I., Valore, L., Vliet, A. V., Varela, E., Cardenas, B. V., Vasquez-Ramirez, A., Veberic, D., Ventura, C., Quispe, I. D. V., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Villaseñor, L., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczynski, H., Winchen, T., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Zepeda, A., Ziolkowski, M., Zuccarello, F., Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Pierre Auger, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Physics, Elementary Particle Physics, Aab A., Abreu P., Aglietta M., Albury J.M., Allekotte I., Almela A., Castillo J.A., Alvarez-Muñiz J., Batista R.A., Anastasi G.A., Anchordoqui L., Andrada B., Andringa S., Aramo C., Ferreira P.R.A., Asorey H., Assis P., Avila G., Badescu A.M., Bakalova A., Balaceanu A., Barbato F., Luz R.J.B., Becker K.H., Bellido J.A., Berat C., Bertaina M.E., Bertou X., Biermann P.L., Billoir P., Bister T., Biteau J., Blanco A., Blazek J., Bleve C., Bohacova M., Boncioli D., Bonifazi C., Arbeletche L.B., Borodai N., Botti A.M., Brack J., Bretz T., Bridgeman A., Briechle F.L., Buchholz P., Bueno A., Buitink S., Buscemi M., Caballero-Mora K.S., Caccianiga L., Calcagni L., Cancio A., Canfora F., Caracas I., Carceller J.M., Caruso R., Castellina A., Catalani F., Cataldi G., Cazon L., Cerda M., Chinellato J.A., Choi K., Chudoba J., Chytka L., Clay R.W., Cerutti A.C.C., Colalillo R., Coleman A., Coluccia M.R., Conceicao R., Condorelli A., Consolati G., Contreras F., Convenga F., Covault C.E., Dasso S., Daumiller K., Dawson B.R., Day J.A., De Almeida R.M., De Jesus J., De Jong S.J., Mauro G.D., Neto J.R.T.D.M., Mitri I.D., De Oliveira J., Franco D.D.O., De Souza V., Vito E.D., Debatin J., Rio M.D., Deligny O., Dhital N., Matteo A.D., Castro M.L.D., Dobrigkeit C., D'Olivo J.C., Dorosti Q., Anjos R.C.D., Dova M.T., Ebr J., Engel R., Epicoco I., Erdmann M., Escobar C.O., Etchegoyen A., Falcke H., Farmer J., Farrar G., Fauth A.C., Fazzini N., Feldbusch F., Fenu F., Fick B., Figueira J.M., Filipcic A., Fodran T., Freire M.M., Fujii T., Fuster A., Galea C., Galelli C., Garcia B., Vegas A.L.G., Gemmeke H., Gesualdi F., Gherghel-Lascu A., Ghia P.L., Giaccari U., Giammarchi M., Giller M., Glombitza J., Gobbi F., Gollan F., Golup G., Berisso M.G., Vitale P.F.G., Gongora J.P., Gonzalez N., Goos I., Gora D., Gorgi A., Gottowik M., Grubb T.D., Guarino F., Guedes G.P., Guido E., Hahn S., Halliday R., Hampel M.R., Hansen P., Harari D., Harvey V.M., Haungs A., Hebbeker T., Heck D., Hill G.C., Hojvat C., Horandel J.R., Horvath P., Hrabovsky M., Huege T., Hulsman J., Insolia A., Isar P.G., Johnsen J.A., Jurysek J., Kaapa A., Kampert K.H., Keilhauer B., Kemp J., Klages H.O., Kleifges M., Kleinfeller J., Kopke M., Mezek G.K., Lago B.L., Lahurd D., Lang R.G., De Oliveira M.A.L., Lenok V., Letessier-Selvon A., Lhenry-Yvon I., Presti D.L., Lopes L., Lopez R., Lorek R., Luce Q., Lucero A., Payeras A.M., Malacari M., Mancarella G., Mandat D., Manning B.C., Manshanden J., Mantsch P., Marafico S., Mariazzi A.G., Maris I.C., Marsella G., Martello D., Martinez H., Bravo O.M., Mastrodicasa M., Mathes H.J., Matthews J., Matthiae G., Mayotte E., Mazur P.O., Medina-Tanco G., Melo D., Menshikov A., Merenda K.-D., Michal S., Micheletti M.I., Miramonti L., Mockler D., Mollerach S., Montanet F., Morello C., Mostafa M., Muller A.L., Muller M.A., Mulrey K., Mussa R., Muzio M., Namasaka W.M., Nellen L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu M., Niechciol M., Nitz D., Nosek D., Novotny V., Nozka L., Nucita A., Nuñez L.A., Palatka M., Pallotta J., Panetta M.P., Papenbreer P., Parente G., Parra A., Pech M., Pedreira F., Pkala J., Pelayo R., Peña-Rodriguez J., Armand J.P., Perlin M., Perrone L., Peters C., Petrera S., Pierog T., Pimenta M., Pirronello V., Platino M., Pont B., Pothast M., Privitera P., Prouza M., Puyleart A., Querchfeld S., Rautenberg J., Ravignani D., Reininghaus M., Ridky J., Riehn F., Risse M., Ristori P., Rizi V., De Carvalho W.R., Rojo J.R., Roncoroni M.J., Roth M., Roulet E., Rovero A.C., Ruehl P., Saffi S.J., Saftoiu A., Salamida F., Salazar H., Salina G., Gomez J.D.S., Sanchez F., Santos E.M., Santos E., Sarazin F., Sarmento R., Sarmiento-Cano C., Sato R., Savina P., Schafer C., Scherini V., Schieler H., Schimassek M., Schimp M., Schluter F., Schmidt D., Scholten O., Schovanek P., Schroder F.G., Schroder S., Schulz A., Sciutto S.J., Scornavacche M., Shellard R.C., Sigl G., Silli G., Sima O., Smida R., Sommers P., Soriano J.F., Souchard J., Squartini R., Stadelmaier M., Stanca D., Stanic S., Stasielak J., Stassi P., Streich A., Suarez-Duran M., Sudholz T., Suomijarvi T., Supanitsky A.D., Supik J., Szadkowski Z., Taboada A., Tapia A., Timmermans C., Tkachenko O., Tobiska P., Peixoto C.J.T., Tome B., Elipe G.T., Travaini A., Travnicek P., Trimarelli C., Trini M., Tueros M., Ulrich R., Unger M., Urban M., Vaclavek L., Vacula M., Galicia J.F.V., Valiño I., Valore L., Vliet A.V., Varela E., Cardenas B.V., Vasquez-Ramirez A., Veberic D., Ventura C., Quispe I.D.V., Verzi V., Vicha J., Villaseñor L., Vink J., Vorobiov S., Wahlberg H., Watson A.A., Weber M., Weindl A., Wiencke L., Wilczynski H., Winchen T., Wirtz M., Wittkowski D., Wundheiler B., Yushkov A., Zapparrata O., Zas E., Zavrtanik D., Zavrtanik M., Zehrer L., Zepeda A., Ziolkowski M., Zuccarello F., and High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI)
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, primary [cosmic radiation], 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Auger, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0302 clinical medicine, surface [detector], Observatory, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Data Processing, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, Large detector-systems performance, Performance of High Energy Physics Detectors, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Largedetector-systems performance, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, astro-ph.HE, Instrumentation et méthodes en physique, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, cascade, observatory, Cascade, ddc:620, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, atmosphere [showers], air, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, water, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Atmosphere, 03 medical and health sciences, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics, 14. Life underwater, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], ddc:610, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Zenith, Engineering & allied operations, Pierre Auger Observatory, showers: atmosphere, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, hep-ex, detector: surface, Autres mathématiques, cosmic radiation: primary, Cherenkov counter, Experimental High Energy Physics, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physic, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], RAIOS CÓSMICOS, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: Cosmic rays arriving at Earth collide with the upper parts of the atmosphere, thereby inducing extensive air showers. When secondary particles from the cascade arrive at the ground, they are measured by surface detector arrays. We describe the methods applied to the measurements of the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory to reconstruct events with zenith angles less than 60 using the timing and signal information recorded using the water-Cherenkov detector stations. In addition, we assess the accuracy of these methods in reconstructing the arrival directions of the primary cosmic ray particles and the sizes of the induced showers., Argentina - Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina - Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT), Argentina - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina - Gobierno de la Provincia de Mendoza, Argentina - Municipalidad de Malargue, Argentina - NDM Holdings, Argentina - Valle Las Lenas, Australia - Australian Research Council, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brazil - Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) 2019/10151-2 2010/07359-6 1999/05404-3, Brazil - Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia, Inovacoes e Comunicacoes (MCTIC), Czech Republic Grant MSMT CR LTT18004 LM2015038 LM2018102 CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001402 CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_046/0016010 CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008422, France - Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France - Conseil Regional Ile-de-France, France - Departement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS), France - Departement Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), French National Research Agency (ANR) LABEX ANR-10-LABX-63 ANR11-IDEX-0004-02, Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF), German Research Foundation (DFG), Germany - Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany - Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP), Germany - Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Germany - Min-isterium fur Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany - Ministerium fur Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst des Landes Baden-Wurttemberg, Italy - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy - Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Italy - Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy - CETEMPS Center of Excellence, Italy - Ministero degli Affari Esteri (MAE), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) 167733, México - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México - PAPIIT DGAPA-UNAM, The Netherlands - Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), The Netherlands - Dutch national e-infrastructure, The Netherlands - SURF Cooperative, Poland - Ministry of Science and Higher Education DIR/WK/2018/11, Poland - National Science Centre 2013/08/M/ST9/00322 2016/23/B/ST9/01635 HARMONIA 52013/10/M/ST9/00062 UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00198, Portugal - Portuguese national funds, Portugal - FEDER funds within Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (COMPETE), Romania - Romanian Ministry of Education and Research, the Program Nucleu within MCI PN19150201/16N/2019 PN19060102, Romania - Romanian Ministry of Education and Research, the Program Nucleu within PNCDI III PN-III-P11.2-PCCDI-2017-0839/19PCCDI/2018, Slovenian Research Agency - Slovenia P1-0031 P1-0385 I0-0033 N1-0111, Spain - Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad FPA2017-85114-P FPA2017-85197-P, Spain - Xunta de Galicia ED431C 2017/07, Junta de Andalucía SOMM17/6104/UGR, Spain - Feder Funds, Spain - RENATARedNacional Tematica de Astroparticulas FPA2015-68783-REDT, Spain - Maria de MaeztuUnit of Excellence MDM-2016-0692, United States Department of Energy (DOE) DE-AC02-07CH11359 DE-FR02-04ER41300 DEFG02-99ER41107 DE-SC0011689, National Science Foundation (NSF) 0450696, U.S.A. - Grainger Foundation, U.S.A. - Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET, U.S.A. - European Particle Physics Latin American Network, U.S.A. - UNESCO
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

32. Direct measurement of the muonic content of extensive air showers between $\mathbf { 2\times 10^{17}}$ and $\mathbf {2\times 10^{18}}~$eV at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: P. Tobiska, Bjarni Pont, H. J. Mathes, Stanislav Michal, S. Schröder, Italo Epicoco, A. Di Matteo, L. Lopes, B. Wundheiler, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, Lukáš Vaclavek, B. Keilhauer, Ioana Codrina Maris, S. J. Sciutto, J. Rodriguez Rojo, Fridtjof Feldbusch, Alessio Gorgi, D. Melo, G. C. Hill, Juan Miguel Carceller, Jorge F. Soriano, Ralph Engel, Enrique Zas, Orazio Zapparrata, J. Stasielak, L. Calcagni, Kai Daumiller, R. Sato, J. Ridky, Roberto Mussa, Fernando Contreras, Luis Villaseñor, J. Rautenberg, K.-H. Becker, Q. Luce, M. Pimenta, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Muzio, Maximilian Stadelmaier, Darko Veberič, Maximilian Reininghaus, J. F. Valdés Galicia, I. De Mitri, P.R. Araújo Ferreira, Tobias Winchen, Marvin Gottowik, François Montanet, Alan Watson, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, M. Perlin, Eric Mayotte, M. Gómez Berisso, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, J. Alvarez Castillo, Gaia Silli, A. Filipčič, Eleonora Guido, R. C. Shellard, Florian Lukas Briechle, F. Sarazin, T. Huege, Heino Falcke, D. Nitz, A. van Vliet, S. Petrera, L. Nellen, Denise Boncioli, Hernan Wahlberg, P. Abreu, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, Mario Buscemi, Marc Weber, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, R. M. de Almeida, D. Ravignani, J. Vicha, L. R. Wiencke, David Wittkowski, G. Salina, Danielle LaHurd, Olivier Deligny, Lorenzo Caccianiga, C. Morello, Jesús Peña-Rodríguez, E. M. Santos, Dusan Mandat, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, R. Squartini, R. Lorek, Ugo Giaccari, Miguel Mostafa, J. Kleinfeller, Bruce R. Dawson, Francesca Zuccarello, B. Tome, P.O. Mazur, Rodrigo Pelayo, K. H. Kampert, Peter L. Biermann, Stijn Buitink, Valerio Verzi, Alfred Müller, A. Aab, Violet M. Harvey, D. Harari, C. M. Schäfer, Jose Chinellato, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, Paolo Privitera, Massimo Mastrodicasa, A. López Casado, Frank G. Schröder, Marcel Köpke, Max Malacari, M. Platino, Samo Stanič, R. Conceição, Miroslav Hrabovský, Julien Manshanden, Ioana Caracas, Kevin-Druis Merenda, A. Letessier-Selvon, Dariusz Gora, Andres Travaini, F. Guarino, John Matthews, Flavia Gesualdi, A. Haungs, J. Perez Armand, Matias Tueros, Alina Mihaela Badescu, Cristina Galea, B. L. Lago, Lorenzo Cazon, E. Varela, Peter Buchholz, J.D. Sanabria Gomez, A. Taboada, M. Prouza, P. Mantsch, G. Matthiae, Z. Szadkowski, A. Parra, R.J. Barreira Luz, Luis A. Nunez, Alan Coleman, Christian Sarmiento-Cano, Marco Aglietta, Marcus Niechciol, S. J. Saffi, G. Medina-Tanco, R. Halliday, P.F. Gómez Vitale, Alena Bakalova, Claudio Galelli, Thomas Hebbeker, Paula Gina Isar, S. Müller, Giovanni Marsella, D. Nosek, E. Santos, F. Riehn, A. Fuster, B. García, Sergio Dasso, Tristan Sudholz, S. Querchfeld, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, F. Pedreira, Marina Scornavacche, Martín Miguel Freire, Markus Roth, F. Salamida, A. Yushkov, J. Šupík, Carlo Ventura, Raul Sarmento, Jonathan Biteau, Felix Schlüter, Nicolás González, Fabian Gobbi, M. Schimp, G. P. Guedes, Martin Erdmann, Toshihiro Fujii, Ladislav Chytka, G. Cataldi, Antonio Bueno, A. Weindl, P. Ristori, J. de Jesús, B. C. Manning, V. Scherini, Jakub Juryšek, A. Streich, J. Debatin, D. Mockler, David Schmidt, A. Tapia, Gioacchino Alex Anastasi, M. Wirtz, P. Ruehl, Alexandra Saftoiu, A. Puyleart, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, Roger W Clay, G. Kukec Mezek, Steffen Hahn, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, M. Trini, J. Hulsman, M. E. Bertaina, Esteban Roulet, Justin M. Albury, Francesco Fenu, Valerio Pirronello, H. Gemmeke, A. Menshikov, Denis Stanca, C. J. Todero Peixoto, Piera Luisa Ghia, Miroslav Pech, M. Pothast, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, M. Schimassek, C. Hojvat, Jan Ebr, Pavel Horvath, C. O. Escobar, A. Insolia, H. Wilczyński, Günter Sigl, M. Unger, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, A.D. Supanitsky, J. Pȩkala, B. Andrada, P. Stassi, A. Cancio, Sofia Andringa, Radomir Smida, A. Machado Payeras, Jacco Vink, V. de Souza, Gualberto Avila, P. Savina, H.O. Klages, M. I. Micheletti, M.P. Panetta, I. Allekotte, M. J. Roncoroni, A. A. Nucita, Ralf Ulrich, B. Vargas Cárdenas, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, John Farmer, Brian Fick, A. M. Botti, Maria-Teresa Dova, M. R. Hampel, Niraj Dhital, I. Valiño, L. Nožka, Jörg R. Hörandel, R.C. dos Anjos, M. Zavrtanik, Adriana Vásquez-Ramírez, M. Palatka, A. C. Fauth, Giovanni Consolati, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, Fabio Convenga, M. Urban, W. M. Namasaka, A. C. Rovero, Petr Schovanek, Alexandru Balaceanu, M. Suárez-Durán, Carla Aramo, Vincenzo Rizi, I.D. Vergara Quispe, Julien Souchard, D. Martello, M. Ziolkowski, O. Martínez Bravo, Silvia Mollerach, N. Fazzini, Jonas Glombitza, F. C. T. Barbato, J. Chudoba, Serguei Vorobiov, O. A. Taborda, Marcos Cerda, D. Lo Presti, S. J. De Jong, Jarryd A. Day, A.C. Cobos Cerutti, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, Teresa Bister, G. Golup, Nataliia Borodai, K. Choi, Paul Sommers, A. Blanco, F. Sánchez, Antonio Condorelli, Christine Peters, A.L. Garcia Vegas, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Maria Rita Coluccia, Julian Kemp, Philipp Papenbreer, Petr Travnicek, Martina Bohacova, Trent D. Grubb, M. A. Muller, Hernán Asorey, Juan Manuel Figueira, Roberta Colalillo, Giovanni Mancarella, A. G. Mariazzi, Xavier Bertou, A. Zepeda, Juan Pablo Gongora, Pedro Assis, H. Martinez, G. Torralba Elipe, A. Etchegoyen, L. Valore, Alex Kääpä, Patricia María Hansen, Marco Giammarchi, V. Novotny, Octavian Sima, Rossella Caruso, A. Lucero, Fernando Catalani, G. De Mauro, Caterina Trimarelli, H. Schieler, Q. Dorosti, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Antonella Castellina, Vladimir Lenok, L. Perrone, Thomas Bretz, Corbin Covault, Lino Miramonti, D. de Oliveira Franco, Isabel Goos, D. Heck, M. del Río, M. Risse, Jonathan Blazek, Charles Timmermans, G. Parente, Fabrizia Canfora, L. Zehrer, J. de Oliveira, Alejandro Almela, Carla Bleve, Rodrigo Guedes Lang, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Pierre Auger
Subjects: Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), air, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, UHE [cosmic radiation], Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, Auger, detector: fluorescence, Nuclear physics, 5/3, 0103 physical sciences, muon: density, ddc:530, cosmic radiation: UHE, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, fluorescence [detector], detector [muon], Muon, showers: atmosphere, hybrid, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, muon: detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, observatory, Air shower, density [muon], 13. Climate action, Content (measure theory), High Energy Physics::Experiment, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Muon detector, atmosphere [showers]
Abstract: The hybrid design of the Pierre Auger Observatory allows for the measurement of the properties of extensive air showers initiated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays with unprecedented precision. By using an array of prototype underground muon detectors, we have performed the first direct measurement, by the Auger Collaboration, of the muon content of air showers between $$2\times 10^{17}$$2×1017 and $$2\times 10^{18}$$2×1018 eV. We have studied the energy evolution of the attenuation-corrected muon density, and compared it to predictions from air shower simulations. The observed densities are found to be larger than those predicted by models. We quantify this discrepancy by combining the measurements from the muon detector with those from the Auger fluorescence detector at $$10^{{17.5}}\, {\mathrm{eV}} $$1017.5eV and $$10^{{18}}\, {\mathrm{eV}} $$1018eV. We find that, for the models to explain the data, an increase in the muon density of $$38\%$$38%$$\pm 4\% (12\%)$$±4%(12%)$$\pm {}^{21\%}_{18\%}$$±18%21% for EPOS-LHC, and of $$50\% (53\%)$$50%(53%)$$\pm 4\% (13\%)$$±4%(13%)$$\pm {}^{23\%}_{20\%}$$±20%23% for QGSJetII-04, is respectively needed.
Published: 2020

33. Modeling of GERDA Phase II data

Author: A. Domula, M. Schwarz, Laura Baudis, C. Wiesinger, Paolo Piseri, M. Shirchenko, A. Lazzaro, E. Bossio, I. V. Kirpichnikov, Alessandro Bettini, D. R. Zinatulina, M. Miloradovic, E. V. Demidova, A. V. Veresnikova, A. Chernogorov, R. Hiller, R. Kneißl, S. Belogurov, V. D'Andrea, Stefano Riboldi, V.B. Brudanin, C. Ransom, Igor Nemchenok, M. Schütt, M. Misiaszek, Cinzia Sada, B. Zatschler, Bela Majorovits, C. Macolino, Hardy Simgen, W. Maneschg, E. A. Yanovich, P. Moseev, Luciano Pandola, A. A. Klimenko, C. Vignoli, R. Brugnera, Mikael Hult, D. Borowicz, K. N. Gusev, Jochen Schreiner, L. Pertoldi, F. Fischer, Josef Jochum, N. Rumyantseva, V. V. Kuzminov, Matteo Agostini, V. I. Gurentsov, S. Hemmer, Y. Kermaïdic, J. Janicskó Csáthy, Stefan Schönert, E. Doroshkevich, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, L. V. Inzhechik, Ivano Lippi, Manfred Lindner, E. Bellotti, T. Wester, A.A. Smolnikov, K. Panas, I. Zhitnikov, V. Bothe, C. Cattadori, Anna Julia Zsigmond, Kai Zuber, A. Zschocke, L. B. Bezrukov, E. Shevchik, A.-K. Schütz, Marcin Wójcik, V. N. Kornoukhov, M. Fomina, P. Grabmayr, K. Pelczar, N. Di Marco, O.I. Kochetov, Guillaume Lutter, A. M. Bakalyarov, I. R. Barabanov, A. M. Gangapshev, C. Gooch, S. V. Zhukov, Thomas Kihm, O. Selivanenko, R. Mingazheva, B. Schwingenheuer, M. Junker, Oliver Schulz, Alberto Pullia, V. G. Egorov, M. Balata, A. Garfagnini, K. T. Knöpfle, T. Comellato, L. Vanhoefer, Matthias Laubenstein, G. Zuzel, V. V. Kazalov, P. Krause, A. A. Vasenko, Christian Bauer, A. Lubashevskiy, J. Hakenmüller, D. Stukov, Werner Hofmann, F. Salamida, Allen Caldwell, and K. von Sturm
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Spectrum (functional analysis), Detector, Phase (waves), FOS: Physical sciences, Order (ring theory), Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 01 natural sciences, Semiconductor detector, ddc, Region of interest, 0103 physical sciences, Dark Matter and Double Beta Decay (experiments), lcsh:QC770-798, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, DOUBLE-BETA DECAY, Sensitivity (control systems), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Neutrino, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The GERmanium Detector Array (Gerda) experiment at the Gran Sasso underground laboratory (LNGS) of INFN is searching for neutrinoless double-beta (0νββ) decay of 76Ge. The technological challenge of Gerda is to operate in a “background-free” regime in the region of interest (ROI) after analysis cuts for the full 100 kg·yr target exposure of the experiment. A careful modeling and decomposition of the full-range energy spectrum is essential to predict the shape and composition of events in the ROI around Qββ for the 0νββ search, to extract a precise measurement of the half-life of the double-beta decay mode with neutrinos (2νββ) and in order to identify the location of residual impurities. The latter will permit future experiments to build strategies in order to further lower the background and achieve even better sensitivities. In this article the background decomposition prior to analysis cuts is presented for Gerda Phase II. The background model fit yields a flat spectrum in the ROI with a background index (BI) of $$ {16.04}_{-0.85}^{+0.78}\cdotp {10}^{-3} $$ 16.04 − 0.85 + 0.78 · 10 − 3 cts/(keV·kg·yr) for the enriched BEGe data set and $$ {14.68}_{-0.52}^{+0.47}\cdotp {10}^{-3} $$ 14.68 − 0.52 + 0.47 · 10 − 3 cts/(keV·kg·yr) for the enriched coaxial data set. These values are similar to the one of Phase I despite a much larger number of detectors and hence radioactive hardware components.
Published: 2019

34. Identifying clouds over the Pierre Auger Observatory using infrared satellite data

Author: M. Zavrtanik, N. Nierstenhoefer, R. Dallier, F. Salamida, J. F. Valdés Galicia, K. H. Becker, I. De Mitri, A. Gascon Bravo, A. Saftoiu, D. Garcia-Gamez, S. T. Garcia Roca, B. Gookin, D. Melo, David Walz, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, R. Sato, M. Niechciol, D. B. Tridapalli, A. Segreto, A.M. van den Berg, Darko Veberič, I. Rodriguez Cabo, B. Sarkar, J. L. Navarro, M. Videla, J. C. Diaz, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, R. Tcaciuc, F. Montanet, J. C. dos Anjos, Petr Schovanek, D. Maurizio, J. C. Moreno, C. Aramo, Lorenzo Caccianiga, Y. Guardincerri, G. Müller, J.M. Chirinos, B. Rouillé-D'Orfeuil, Bruno Daniel, Pham Ngoc Diep, D. Garcia-Pinto, Radomir Smida, T. Yapici, J. J. Masías Meza, R. Gaior, S. H. Cheng, Heino Falcke, B. Tome, L. Buroker, J. Knapp, R. Bonino, J. Vicha, G. Wieczorek, A. Lopez Agüera, F. Diogo, F. Suarez, Sergio Dasso, T. Niggemann, R. M. de Almeida, P. Allison, A. Tapia, G. Cocciolo, H. Gemmeke, C. Rühle, V. de Souza, M. Unger, H. Wahlberg, L. Nellen, B. Zamorano Garcia, M. Buscemi, N. Scharf, V. Pirronello, F. Guarino, John Matthews, Peter Buchholz, M. S. A. B. Leão, C. Macolino, C. Hojvat, C. Morello, K. D. de Vries, D. Nosek, T. Yamamoto, R. M. Kieckhafer, C. Jarne, M. Tueros, J. Rautenberg, B. Revenu, Jan Ebr, M. Melissas, O. Wainberg, I.M. Brancus, D. Huber, S. Westerhoff, H. Glass, Marco Aglietta, W. C. Brown, A. Nelles, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, D. Schuster, M. A. Muller, Lu Lu, G. Marsella, D. Martraire, S. Gambetta, Peter L. Biermann, D. Harari, Alessandro Petrolini, B. Mitrica, M. Ludwig, J. Rosado, A. van Vliet, A. Tonachini, L. Nožka, A. Weindl, N. Hollon, V. Verzi, P. Brogueira, M. Urban, A. C. Rovero, C. Bleve, B. Keilhauer, V. H. Ponce, S. J. Sciutto, J. Schovancova, Paolo Privitera, L. Perrone, Jiri Chudoba, D. Torres Machado, H.O. Klages, G. Torralba Elipe, D. Kruppke-Hansen, B. Wundheiler, R. Krause, Gregory R Snow, Alina Mihaela Badescu, M. Oliveira, M. Ave, E. Trovato, J. Lozano Bahilo, Segev BenZvi, Corbin Covault, Maria-Teresa Dova, M. Gómez Berisso, R. C. Shellard, Azadeh Keivani, A. P. Ferguson, R. Alves Batista, C. Baus, A. Aminaei, Y. Petrov, J. Gitto, P. Hansen, A. Chiavassa, A. E. Herve, Lino Miramonti, Vincenzo Rizi, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, Paul Sommers, R. Cester, B. J. Whelan, P. Gouffon, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, M. Risse, D. Martello, M. Ziolkowski, O. Martínez Bravo, P. N. Dong, M. J. Cooper, F. Sánchez, M. Ambrosio, M. De Domenico, Jing Zhou, G. Toma, S. Mićanović, B. M. Baughman, L. R. Wiencke, T. A. Harrison, A. Porcelli, M. Tartare, J. W. Cronin, B. D. Fox, N. T. Thao, G. Parente, A. Gorgi, V. Marin, J. Espadanal, M. Palatka, P. W. Younk, A. Śmiałkowski, P. Pieroni, Peter Schiffer, V. Scherini, Nataliia Borodai, H. R. Marquez Falcon, Alejandro Almela, S. van Velzen, E. Menichetti, G. Matthiae, G. Varner, H. Spinka, Antonio Bueno, Sergio Pastor, I. M. Pepe, J. Oehlschläger, A. F. Barbosa, Maria Rita Coluccia, Miguel Mostafá, Dusan Mandat, Gualberto Avila, Ingomar Allekotte, Angela V. Olinto, M. Monasor, F. Arqueros, P. Necesal, P. Gonçalves, N. Palmieri, Markus Ahlers, J. K. Kulbartz, H. Rivera, E. Varela, N. Griffith, J. A.J. Matthews, Xavier Bertou, R. E. Burton, S. Jiraskova, T. Rossler, J. D. Swain, A. Menshikov, J. C. Marin, H. Schieler, A. Zepeda, R. Ulrich, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Antonella Castellina, E. M. Santos, Pedro Assis, A. Etchegoyen, K. Kadija, Carola Dobrigkeit, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, I. Katkov, Javier Tiffenberg, J. Allen, E. Mayotte, R. Mussa, J. J. Beatty, P. Wahrlich, K. Louedec, J. Pȩkala, Mariangela Settimo, Iván Sidelnik, Alexey Yushkov, H. Dembinski, N. Fazzini, K. Weidenhaupt, J. Kleinfeller, Jose Chinellato, Alan Watson, M. I. Micheletti, T. Huege, A. Parra, S. J. De Jong, I. Zaw, O. Fratu, H. Cook, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, P. Lautridou, M. Avenier, D. Thomas, Bruce R. Dawson, Y. N. Srivastava, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, T. Hebbeker, Julien Aublin, A. Widom, D. LaHurd, F. Werner, P.O. Mazur, J. Alvarez Castillo, F. Sarazin, Elton J. G. Santos, K. Link, M. Prouza, Piotr Homola, P. Facal San Luis, Rúben Conceição, P. Abreu, M. Josebachuili, D. Ravignani, Miroslav Hrabovský, Daniel Kuempel, Carlos Escobar, R. F. Gamarra, A. Haungs, J. Neuser, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, E. J. Ahn, A. Letessier-Selvon, L. Molina-Bueno, E. Kemp, S. Le Coz, Luis A. Anchordoqui, J. L. Harton, D. Monnier Ragaigne, Lorenzo Cazon, S. Maldera, C. Pfendner, I. A. Minaya, A. Bellétoile, A. Schmidt, H. Martinez, O. Krömer, P. Mantsch, Z. Szadkowski, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, Ke Fang, N. Pacheco, Lukas Middendorf, M. Platino, G. Navarra, J. Bäuml, C. E. Santo, Francisco J. Blanco, Johannes Schulz, G. Golup, N. Kunka, F. Gomez Albarracin, M. Pimenta, C. A. Moura, Brian Fick, H. Blümer, Balázs Kégl, Moritz Münchmeyer, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, A. D. Supanitsky, Hernán Asorey, Christopher B. Williams, G. C. Hill, M. Zimbres Silva, T. Šuša, I. C. Mariş, Ralph Engel, M. Plum, E. Petermann, D. Nitz, J. Stapleton, Miroslav Pech, J. Ridky, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, S. Fliescher, A. Stutz, Pavel Horvath, Kai Daumiller, M. S. Sutherland, Rémi Bardenet, Petr Travnicek, P. Lebrun, L. Tomankova, Trent D. Grubb, Sofia Andringa, R. Meyhandan, M. Ortiz, R. J. Lauer, Juan Manuel Figueira, Roberta Colalillo, P. Ristori, A. G. Mariazzi, S. Jansen, B. García, Mario Scuderi, S. Messina, G. Salina, A. Curutiu, Tobias Winchen, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Olivier Deligny, B. Caccianiga, S. Stanič, H. Schoorlemmer, P.F. Gómez Vitale, Martina Bohacova, Martin Erdmann, A. Dorofeev, Guenter Sigl, J. Sorokin, M. Blanco, C. E. Fracchiolla, Roger W Clay, D. D'Urso, L. Latronico, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, S. Navas, G. P. Guedes, K. B. Barber, M. Weber, U. Fröhlich, R. A. Vázquez, L. Valore, P. Karhan, P. A. Kasper, A. Filipčič, M. Straub, D. Maurel, Markus Roth, A. Shadkam, C. Timmermans, S. Petrera, J. R. Vázquez, A. F. Grillo, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, J. Maller, Rossella Caruso, W. J. M. de Mello, A. Lucero, G. La Rosa, P. L. Ghia, Octavian Sima, J. G. Gonzalez, V. C. Holmes, D. Lebrun, R. Pesce, Jörg R. Hörandel, F. Salesa Greus, G. Cataldi, G. Garilli, D. Heck, L. Villaseñor, L. Martin, I. Lhenry-Yvon, S. Mollerach, E. Roulet, Marco Cilmo, B. Wilczyńska, W. Docters, Peter Gorham, R. Pelayo, L. Collica, S. Querchfeld, J. L. Kelley, E. D. Fraenkel, S. J. Saffi, L. Niemietz, L. del Peral, J. Roberts, O. Ravel, R. Piegaia, J. Rodriguez Martino, H. J. Mathes, G. De La Vega, O. Taşcǎu, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M. Szuba, F.G. Schröder, Enrique Zas, C. Di Giulio, Fernando Contreras, L. Caramete, M. Will, W. Tkaczyk, G. Yuan, S. Riggi, T. Antičić, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, M. Lauscher, M. Pontz, A. C. Fauth, M. Stephan, H. Lyberis, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, B. Morales, Denise Boncioli, German Ros, B. Vargas Cárdenas, Maria Concetta Maccarone, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, E. J. Quel, Béatrice Fuchs, Niraj Dhital, I. Valiño, A. Filevich, P. T. Nhung, S. Grebe, R. Squartini, T. Paul, G. Medina-Tanco, G. van Aar, A. Criss, C. J. Todero Peixoto, M. Malacari, Yunrong Zhu, N. Krohm, Christian Glaser, H. Wilczyński, P. Billoir, Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), PIERRE AUGER, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research unit Astroparticle Physics, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, M., Ahler, E. J., Ahn, I. F. M., Albuquerque, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, A., Almela, J., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, R., Alves Batista, M., Ambrosio, A., Aminaei, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, T., Antičić, C., Aramo, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, A. M., Badescu, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, R., Bardenet, B., Baughman, J., Bäuml, C., Bau, J. J., Beatty, K. H., Becker, A., Bellétoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, Bleve, Carla, H., Blümer, M., Boháčová, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, I., Brancu, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, L., Buroker, R. E., Burton, M., Buscemi, K. S., Caballero Mora, B., Caccianiga, L., Caccianiga, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, S. H., Cheng, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, J., Chirino, J., Chudoba, M., Cilmo, R. W., Clay, Cocciolo, Giuseppe, R., Colalillo, L., Collica, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceição, F., Contrera, H., Cook, M. J., Cooper, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, R., Dallier, B., Daniel, S., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, M., De Domenico, S. J., de Jong, G., De La Vega, W. J. M., de Mello, J. R. T., de Mello Neto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., de Souza, K. D., de Vrie, L., del Peral, O., Deligny, H., Dembinski, N., Dhital, C., Di Giulio, J. C., Diaz, M. L., Díaz Castro, P. N., Diep, F., Diogo, C., Dobrigkeit, W., Docter, J. C., D’Olivo, P. N., Dong, A., Dorofeev, J. C., dos Anjo, M. T., Dova, D., D’Urso, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C. O., Escobar, J., Espadanal, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, K., Fang, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A. P., Ferguson, B., Fick, J. M., Figueira, A., Filevich, A., Filipčič, S., Fliescher, B. D., Fox, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel, O., Fratu, U., Fröhlich, B., Fuch, R., Gaior, R. F., Gamarra, S., Gambetta, B., García, S. T., Garcia Roca, D., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, G., Garilli, A., Gascon Bravo, H., Gemmeke, P. L., Ghia, M., Giller, J., Gitto, C., Glaser, H., Gla, G., Golup, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gómez Berisso, P. F., Gómez Vitale, P., Gonçalve, J. G., Gonzalez, B., Gookin, A., Gorgi, P., Gorham, P., Gouffon, S., Grebe, N., Griffith, A. F., Grillo, T. D., Grubb, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, P., Hansen, D., Harari, T. A., Harrison, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, A. E., Herve, G. C., Hill, C., Hojvat, N., Hollon, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, J. R., Hörandel, P., Horvath, M., Hrabovský, D., Huber, T., Huege, A., Insolia, S., Jansen, C., Jarne, S., Jiraskova, M., Josebachuili, K., Kadija, K. H., Kampert, P., Karhan, P., Kasper, I., Katkov, B., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, J. L., Kelley, E., Kemp, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, R., Krause, N., Krohm, O., Krömer, D., Kruppke Hansen, D., Kuempel, J. K., Kulbartz, N., Kunka, G., La Rosa, D., Lahurd, L., Latronico, R., Lauer, M., Lauscher, P., Lautridou, S., Le Coz, M. S. A. B., Leão, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, M. A., Leigui de Oliveira, A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., López, A., Lopez Agüera, K., Louedec, J., Lozano Bahilo, L., Lu, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, M., Malacari, S., Maldera, J., Maller, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, J., Marin, V., Marin, I. C., Mariş, H. R., Marquez Falcon, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, L., Martin, H., Martinez, O., Martínez Bravo, D., Martraire, J. J., Masías Meza, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, J. A. J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurel, D., Maurizio, E., Mayotte, P. O., Mazur, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, S., Messina, R., Meyhandan, S., Mićanović, M. I., Micheletti, L., Middendorf, I. A., Minaya, L., Miramonti, B., Mitrica, L., Molina Bueno, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, J. C., Moreno, M., Mostafá, C. A., Moura, M. A., Muller, G., Müller, M., Münchmeyer, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, A., Nelle, J., Neuser, P. T., Nhung, M., Niechciol, L., Niemietz, N., Nierstenhoefer, T., Niggemann, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nožka, J., Oehlschläger, A., Olinto, M., Oliveira, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D., Pakk Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, G., Parente, A., Parra, S., Pastor, T., Paul, M., Pech, J., Pe¸kala, R., Pelayo, I. M., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, C., Pfendner, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, P., Pieroni, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, M., Plum, V. H., Ponce, M., Pontz, A., Porcelli, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, S., Querchfeld, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, H., Rivera, V., Rizi, J., Robert, W., Rodrigues de Carvalho, I., Rodriguez Cabo, G., Rodriguez Fernandez, J., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, M. D., Rodríguez Fría, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, B., Rouillé d’Orfeuil, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, C., Rühle, S. J., Saffi, A., Saftoiu, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, F., Salesa Greu, G., Salina, F., Sánchez, C. E., Santo, E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, B., Sarkar, R., Sato, N., Scharf, Scherini, Viviana, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, J., Schovancova, P., Schovánek, F. G., Schröder, J., Schulz, D., Schuster, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, M., Settimo, A., Shadkam, R. C., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, G., Sigl, O., Sima, A., Śmiałkowski, R., Šmída, G. R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, Y. N., Srivastava, S., Stanič, J., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, M., Straub, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijärvi, A. D., Supanitsky, T., Šuša, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, M., Szuba, A., Tapia, M., Tartare, O., Taşcău, R., Tcaciuc, N. T., Thao, D., Thoma, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Todero Peixoto, G., Toma, L., Tomankova, B., Tomé, A., Tonachini, G., Torralba Elipe, D., Torres Machado, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. F., Valdés Galicia, I., Valiño, L., Valore, G., van Aar, A. M., van den Berg, S., van Velzen, A., van Vliet, E., Varela, B., Vargas Cárdena, G., Varner, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Vázquez, D., Veberič, V., Verzi, J., Vicha, M., Videla, L., Villaseñor, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Walz, A. A., Watson, M., Weber, K., Weidenhaupt, A., Weindl, F., Werner, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, A., Widom, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczyńska, H., Wilczyński, M., Will, C., William, T., Winchen, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, B., Zamorano Garcia, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, J., Zhou, Y., Zhu, M., Zimbres Silva, M., Ziolkowski, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, M. Ahler, E.J. Ahn, I.F.M. Albuquerque, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, A. Almela, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, R. Alves Batista, M. Ambrosio, A. Aminaei, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, T. Antičić, C. Aramo, F. Arquero, H. Asorey, P. Assi, J. Aublin, M. Ave, M. Avenier, G. Avila, A.M. Badescu, K.B. Barber, A.F. Barbosa, R. Bardenet, B. Baughman, J. Bäuml, C. Bau, J.J. Beatty, K.H. Becker, A. Bellétoile, J.A. Bellido, S. BenZvi, C. Berat, X. Bertou, P.L. Biermann, P. Billoir, F. Blanco, M. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. Blümer, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, N. Borodai, J. Brack, I. Brancu, P. Brogueira, W.C. Brown, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, L. Buroker, R.E. Burton, M. Buscemi, K.S. Caballero-Mora, B. Caccianiga, L. Caccianiga, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, S.H. Cheng, A. Chiavassa, J.A. Chinellato, J. Chirino, J. Chudoba, M. Cilmo, R.W. Clay, G. Cocciolo, R. Colalillo, L. Collica, M.R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, F. Contrera, H. Cook, M.J. Cooper, S. Coutu, C.E. Covault, A. Cri, J. Cronin, A. Curutiu, R. Dallier, B. Daniel, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B.R. Dawson, R.M. de Almeida, M. De Domenico, S.J. de Jong, G. De La Vega, W.J.M. de Mello, J.R.T. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, V. de Souza, K.D. de Vrie, L. del Peral, O. Deligny, H. Dembinski, N. Dhital, C. Di Giulio, J.C. Diaz, M.L. Díaz Castro, P.N. Diep, F. Diogo, C. Dobrigkeit, W. Docter, J.C. D’Olivo, P.N. Dong, A. Dorofeev, J.C. dos Anjo, M.T. Dova, D. D’Urso, J. Ebr, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, C.O. Escobar, J. Espadanal, A. Etchegoyen, P. Facal San Lui, H. Falcke, K. Fang, G. Farrar, A.C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, A.P. Ferguson, B. Fick, J.M. Figueira, A. Filevich, A. Filipčič, S. Fliescher, B.D. Fox, C.E. Fracchiolla, E.D. Fraenkel, O. Fratu, U. Fröhlich, B. Fuch, R. Gaior, R.F. Gamarra, S. Gambetta, B. García, S.T. Garcia Roca, D. Garcia-Gamez, D. Garcia-Pinto, G. Garilli, A. Gascon Bravo, H. Gemmeke, P.L. Ghia, M. Giller, J. Gitto, C. Glaser, H. Gla, G. Golup, F. Gomez Albarracin, M. Gómez Berisso, P.F. Gómez Vitale, P. Gonçalve, J.G. Gonzalez, B. Gookin, A. Gorgi, P. Gorham, P. Gouffon, S. Grebe, N. Griffith, A.F. Grillo, T.D. Grubb, Y. Guardincerri, F. Guarino, G.P. Guede, P. Hansen, D. Harari, T.A. Harrison, J.L. Harton, A. Haung, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, A.E. Herve, G.C. Hill, C. Hojvat, N. Hollon, V.C. Holme, P. Homola, J.R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, D. Huber, T. Huege, A. Insolia, S. Jansen, C. Jarne, S. Jiraskova, M. Josebachuili, K. Kadija, K.H. Kampert, P. Karhan, P. Kasper, I. Katkov, B. Kégl, B. Keilhauer, A. Keivani, J.L. Kelley, E. Kemp, R.M. Kieckhafer, H.O. Klage, M. Kleifge, J. Kleinfeller, J. Knapp, R. Krause, N. Krohm, O. Krömer, D. Kruppke-Hansen, D. Kuempel, J.K. Kulbartz, N. Kunka, G. La Rosa, D. LaHurd, L. Latronico, R. Lauer, M. Lauscher, P. Lautridou, S. Le Coz, M.S.A.B. Leão, D. Lebrun, P. Lebrun, M.A. Leigui de Oliveira, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, K. Link, R. López, A. Lopez Agüera, K. Louedec, J. Lozano Bahilo, L. Lu, A. Lucero, M. Ludwig, H. Lyberi, M.C. Maccarone, C. Macolino, M. Malacari, S. Maldera, J. Maller, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, A.G. Mariazzi, J. Marin, V. Marin, I.C. Mariş, H.R. Marquez Falcon, G. Marsella, D. Martello, L. Martin, H. Martinez, O. Martínez Bravo, D. Martraire, J.J. Masías Meza, H.J. Mathe, J. Matthew, J.A.J. Matthew, G. Matthiae, D. Maurel, D. Maurizio, E. Mayotte, P.O. Mazur, G. Medina-Tanco, M. Melissa, D. Melo, E. Menichetti, A. Menshikov, S. Messina, R. Meyhandan, S. Mićanović, M.I. Micheletti, L. Middendorf, I.A. Minaya, L. Miramonti, B. Mitrica, L. Molina-Bueno, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, D. Monnier Ragaigne, F. Montanet, B. Morale, C. Morello, J.C. Moreno, M. Mostafá, C.A. Moura, M.A. Muller, G. Müller, M. Münchmeyer, R. Mussa, G. Navarra, J.L. Navarro, S. Nava, P. Necesal, L. Nellen, A. Nelle, J. Neuser, P.T. Nhung, M. Niechciol, L. Niemietz, N. Nierstenhoefer, T. Niggemann, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, L. Nožka, J. Oehlschläger, A. Olinto, M. Oliveira, M. Ortiz, N. Pacheco, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, N. Palmieri, G. Parente, A. Parra, S. Pastor, T. Paul, M. Pech, J. Pe¸kala, R. Pelayo, I.M. Pepe, L. Perrone, R. Pesce, E. Petermann, S. Petrera, A. Petrolini, Y. Petrov, C. Pfendner, R. Piegaia, T. Pierog, P. Pieroni, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, M. Plum, V.H. Ponce, M. Pontz, A. Porcelli, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, E.J. Quel, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, O. Ravel, D. Ravignani, B. Revenu, J. Ridky, S. Riggi, M. Risse, P. Ristori, H. Rivera, V. Rizi, J. Robert, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, I. Rodriguez Cabo, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, J. Rodriguez Martino, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M.D. Rodríguez-Fría, G. Ro, J. Rosado, T. Rossler, M. Roth, B. Rouillé-d’Orfeuil, E. Roulet, A.C. Rovero, C. Rühle, S.J. Saffi, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, F. Salesa Greu, G. Salina, F. Sánchez, C.E. Santo, E. Santo, E.M. Santo, F. Sarazin, B. Sarkar, R. Sato, N. Scharf, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, P. Schiffer, A. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, J. Schovancova, P. Schovánek, F.G. Schröder, J. Schulz, D. Schuster, S.J. Sciutto, M. Scuderi, A. Segreto, M. Settimo, A. Shadkam, R.C. Shellard, I. Sidelnik, G. Sigl, O. Sima, A. Śmiałkowski, R. Šmída, G.R. Snow, P. Sommer, J. Sorokin, H. Spinka, R. Squartini, Y.N. Srivastava, S. Stanič, J. Stapleton, J. Stasielak, M. Stephan, M. Straub, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijärvi, A.D. Supanitsky, T. Šuša, M.S. Sutherland, J. Swain, Z. Szadkowski, M. Szuba, A. Tapia, M. Tartare, O. Taşcău, R. Tcaciuc, N.T. Thao, D. Thoma, J. Tiffenberg, C. Timmerman, W. Tkaczyk, C.J. Todero Peixoto, G. Toma, L. Tomankova, B. Tomé, A. Tonachini, G. Torralba Elipe, D. Torres Machado, P. Travnicek, D.B. Tridapalli, E. Trovato, M. Tuero, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J.F. Valdés Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, G. van Aar, A.M. van den Berg, S. van Velzen, A. van Vliet, E. Varela, B. Vargas Cárdena, G. Varner, J.R. Vázquez, R.A. Vázquez, D. Veberič, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, M. Videla, L. Villaseñor, H. Wahlberg, P. Wahrlich, O. Wainberg, D. Walz, A.A. Watson, M. Weber, K. Weidenhaupt, A. Weindl, F. Werner, S. Westerhoff, B.J. Whelan, A. Widom, G. Wieczorek, L. Wiencke, B. Wilczyńska, H. Wilczyński, M. Will, C. William, T. Winchen, B. Wundheiler, T. Yamamoto, T. Yapici, P. Younk, G. Yuan, A. Yushkov, B. Zamorano Garcia, E. Za, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, I. Zaw, A. Zepeda, J. Zhou, Y. Zhu, M. Zimbres Silva, M. Ziolkowski, J., Alvarez Mu?iz, T., Anti?i?, Aramo, Carla, J., B?uml, A., Bell?toile, C., Bleve, H., Bl?mer, M., Boh??ov?, Buscemi, Mario, Cilmo, Marco, G., Cocciolo, Colalillo, Roberta, M. R., Coluccia, R., Concei??o, I., De Mitri, M. L., D?az Castro, J. C., D?olivo, D., D'Urso, A., Filip?i?, U., Fr?hlich, B., Garc?a, M., G?mez Berisso, P. F., G?mez Vitale, P., Gon?alve, Guarino, Fausto, J. R., H?randel, M., Hrabovsk?, B., K?gl, O., Kr?mer, M. S. A. B., Le?o, R., L?pez, A., Lopez Ag?era, I. C., Mari?, G., Marsella, D., Martello, O., Mart?nez Bravo, J. J., Mas?as Meza, S., Mi?anovi?, M., Mostaf?, G., M?ller, M., M?nchmeyer, L., No?ka, J., Oehlschl?ger, J., Pe?kala, L., Perrone, M. D., Rodr?guez Fr?a, B., Rouill? d?Orfeuil, C., R?hle, F., S?nchez, V., Scherini, P., Schov?nek, F. G., Schr?der, A., ?mia?kowski, R., ?m?da, S., Stani?, T., Suomij?rvi, T., ?u?a, O., Ta?c?u, B., Tom?, J. F., Vald?s Galicia, I., Vali?o, Valore, Laura, B., Vargas C?rdena, J. R., V?zquez, R. A., V?zquez, D., Veberi?, L., Villase?or, B., Wilczy?ska, and H., Wilczy?ski
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Atmospheric Monitoring, Satellites, Infrared, Astronomy, Cloud cover, FOS: Physical sciences, Atmospheric monitoring, 01 natural sciences, Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente, Auger, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], Observatory, Clouds, 0103 physical sciences, Extensive air showers, 010306 general physics, DETECTOR, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Image resolution, Ciencias Exactas, Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, UHE Cosmic Rays, atmosphere, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Ultra-high energy cosmic rays, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], INFRAVERMELHO, Experimental High Energy Physics, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Pierre Auger observatory, ultra-high energy cosmic rays, extensive air showers, atmospheric monitoring, clouds, satellites, Física nuclear, Satellite, Central Laser Facility, Extensive Air Showers, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Meteorología y Ciencias Atmosféricas, SYSTEM, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract: We describe a new method of identifying night-time clouds over the Pierre Auger Observatory using infrared data from the Imager instruments on the GOES-12 and GOES-13 satellites. We compare cloud. identifications resulting from our method to those obtained by the Central Laser Facility of the Auger Observatory. Using our new method we can now develop cloud probability maps for the 3000 km(2) of the Pierre Auger Observatory twice per hour with a spatial resolution of similar to 2.4 km by similar to 5.5 km. Our method could also be applied to monitor cloud cover for other ground-based observatories and for space-based observatories. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., The successful installation, commissioning, and operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and adminis- trative staff in Malargüe. We are very grateful to the following agencies and organiza- tions for financial support: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Fundación Antorchas, Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargüe, NDM Holdings and Valle Las Leñas, in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access, Argentina; the Australian Research Council; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Ministério de Ciência e Tecnolo- gia (MCT), Brazil; AVCR AV0Z10100502 and AV0Z10100522, GAAV KJB100100904, MSMT-CR LA08016, LG11044, MEB111003, MSM0021620859, LA08015, TACR TA01010517 and GA UK 119810, Czech Republic; Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre Na- tional de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil Régional Ile-de- France, Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire (PNC- IN2P3/CNRS), Département Sciences de l’Univers (SDU-INSU/ CNRS), France; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Finanzministeri- um Baden-Württemberg, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-Württemberg, Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico; Ministerie van Ond- erwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wet- enschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Grant Nos. N N202 200239 and N N202 207238, Poland; Portuguese national funds and FEDER funds with- in COMPETE - Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade through Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal; Roma- nian Authority for Scientific Research ANCS, CNDI-UEFISCDI part- nership projects nr.20/2012 and nr.194/2012, project nr.1/ ASPERA2/2012 ERA-NET and PN-II-RU-PD-2011-3-0145-17, Roma- nia; Ministry for Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Slove- nian Research Agency, Slovenia; Comunidad de Madrid, FEDER funds, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Consolider-Ingenio 2010 (CPAN), Xunta de Galicia, Spain; The Leverhulme Foundation, Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom; Department of Energy, Contract Nos. DE-AC02-07CH11359, DE- FR02-04ER41300, DE-FG02-99ER41107, National Science Founda- tion, Grant No. 0450696, The Grainger Foundation USA; NAFO- STED, Vietnam; Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET, European Particle Physics Latin American Network, European Union 7th Framework Program, Grant No. PIRSES-2009-GA-246806; and UNESCO. We would like to thank the former Michigan Tech students: Nathan Kelley-Hoskins, Kyle Luck and Arin Nelson for their impor- tant contribution to the development of this paper. We would like to thank NOAA for the GOES satellite data that we freely down- loaded from their website. Also, we would like to mention in these acknowledgments Dr. Steve Ackerman and Dr. Tony Schreiner for very valuable conversations
Published: 2013

35. Multi-Messenger Physics With the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: A. Aab, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, I. F. M. Albuquerque, J. M. Albury, I. Allekotte, A. Almela, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, G. A. Anastasi, L. Anchordoqui, B. Andrada, S. Andringa, C. Aramo, H. Asorey, P. Assis, G. Avila, A. M. Badescu, A. Bakalova, A. Balaceanu, F. Barbato, R. J. Barreira Luz, S. Baur, K. H. Becker, J. A. Bellido, C. Berat, M. E. Bertaina, X. Bertou, P. L. Biermannb, J. Biteau, S. G. Blaess, A. Blanco, J. Blazek, C. Bleve, M. Boháˇcová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, N. Borodai, A. M. Botti, J. Bracke, T. Bretz, A. Bridgeman, F. L. Briechle, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, S. Buitink, M. Buscemi, K. S. Caballero-Mora, L. Caccianiga, L. Calcagni, A. Cancio, F. Canfora, J. M. Carceller, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, F. Catalani, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, M. Cerda, J. A. Chinellato, J. Chudoba, L. Chytka, R. W. Clay, A. C. Cobos Cerutti, R. Colalillo, A. Coleman, M. R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, A. Condorelli, G. Consolati, F. Contreras, F. Convenga, M. J. Cooper, S. Coutu, C. E. Covault, B. Daniel, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B. R. Dawson, J. A. Day, R. M. de Almeida, S. J. de Jong, G. De Mauro, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, J. de Oliveira, F. O. de Oliveira Salles, V. de Souza, J. Debatin, M. del Río, O. Deligny, N. Dhital, M. L. Díaz Castro, F. Diogo, C. Dobrigkeit, J. C. D’Olivo, Q. Dorosti, R. C. dos Anjos, M. T. Dova, A. Dundovic, J. Ebr, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, C. O. Escobarc, A. Etchegoyen, H. Falcke, J. Farmer, G. Farrar, A. C. Fauth, N. Fazzinic, F. Feldbusch, F. Fenu, L. P. Ferreyro, J. M. Figueira, A. Filipˇciˇc, M. M. Freire, T. Fujii, f, A. Fuster, B. García, H. Gemmeke, A. Gherghel-Lascu, P. L. Ghia, U. Giaccari, M. Giammarchi, M. Giller, D. Głas, J. Glombitza, F. Gobbi, G. Golup, M. Gómez Berisso, P. F. Gómez Vitale, J. P. Gongora, N. González, I. Goos, D. Góra, A. Gorgi, M. Gottowik, T. D. Grubb, F. Guarino, G. P. Guedes, E. Guido, R. Halliday, M. R. Hampel, P. Hansen, D. Harari, T. A. Harrison, V. M. Harvey, A. Haungs, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, P. Heimann, G. C. Hill, C. Hojvatc, E. M. Holt, P. Homola, J. R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, T. Huege, J. Hulsman, A. Insolia, P. G. Isar, I. Jandt, J. A. Johnsen, M. Josebachuili, J. Jurysek, A. Kääpä, K. H. Kampert, B. Keilhauer, N. Kemmerich, J. Kemp, H. O. Klages, M. Kleifges, J. Kleinfeller, R. Krause, D. Kuempel, G. Kukec Mezek, A. Kuotb Awad, B. L. Lago, D. LaHurd, R. G. Lang, R. Legumina, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, V. Lenok, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, O. C. Lippmann, D. Lo Presti, L. Lopes, R. López, A. López Casado, R. Lorek, Q. Luce, A. Lucero, M. Malacari, G. Mancarella, D. Mandat, B. C. Manning, P. Mantschc, A. G. Mariazzi, I. C. Mari¸s, G. Marsella, D. Martello, H. Martinez, O. Martínez Bravo, M. Mastrodicasa, H. J. Mathes, S. Mathys, J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, E. Mayotte, P. O. Mazurc, G. Medina-Tanco, D. Melo, A. Menshikov, K. -D. Merenda, S. Michal, M. I. Micheletti, L. Middendorf, L. Miramonti, B. Mitrica, D. Mockler, S. Mollerach, F. Montanet, C. Morello, G. Morlino, M. Mostafá, A. L. Müller, M. A. Muller, d, S. Müller, R. Mussa, L. Nellen, P. H. Nguyen, M. Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M. Niechciol, D. Nitz, g, D. Nosek, V. Novotny, L. Nožka, A Nucita, L. A. Núñez, F. Oikonomou, i, A. Olinto, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, M. P. Panetta, P. Papenbreer, G. Parente, A. Parra, M. Pech, F. Pedreira, J. Pe¸kala, R. Pelayo, J. Peña-Rodriguez, L. A. S. Pereira, M. Perlin, L. Perrone, C. Peters, S. Petrera, J. Phuntsok, T. Pierog, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, J. Poh, B. Pont, C. Porowski, R. R. Prado, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, A. Puyleart, S. Querchfeld, S. Quinn, R. Ramos-Pollan, J. Rautenberg, D. Ravignani, M. Reininghaus, J. Ridky, F. Riehn, M. Risse, P. Ristori, V. Rizi, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M. J. Roncoroni, M. Roth, E. Roulet, A. C. Rovero, P. Ruehl, S. J. Saffi, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, G. Salina, J. D. Sanabria Gomez, F. Sánchez, E. M. Santos, E. Santos, F. Sarazin, R. Sarmento, C. Sarmiento-Cano, R. Sato, P. Savina, M. Schauer, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, M. Schimassek, M. Schimp, F. Schlüter, D. Schmidt, O. Scholten, P. Schovánek, F. G. Schröder, S. Schröder, J. Schumacher, S. J. Sciutto, M. Scornavacche, R. C. Shellard, G. Sigl, G. Silli, O. Sima, h, R. Šmída, G. R. Snow, P. Sommers, J. F. Soriano, J. Souchard, R. Squartini, D. Stanca, S. Staniˇc, J. Stasielak, P. Stassi, M. Stolpovskiy, A. Streich, F. Suarez, M. Suárez-Durán, T. Sudholz, T. Suomijärvi, A. D. Supanitsky, J. Šupík, Z. Szadkowski, A. Taboada, O. A. Taborda, A. Tapia, C. Timmermans, C. J. Todero Peixoto, B. Tomé, G. Torralba Elipe, A. Travaini, P. Travnicek, M. Trini, M. Tueros, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J. F. Valdés Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, P. van Bodegom, A. M. van den Berg, A. van Vliet, E. Varela, B. Vargas Cárdenas, D. Veberiˇc, C. Ventura, I. D. Vergara Quispe, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, L. Villaseñor, J. Vink, S. Vorobiov, H. Wahlberg, A. A. Watsona, M. Weber, A. Weindl, M. Wiede´nski, L. Wiencke, H. Wilczy´nski, T. Winchen, M. Wirtz, D. Wittkowski, B. Wundheiler, L. Yang, A. Yushkov, E. Zas, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, L. Zehrer, A. Zepeda, B. Zimmermann, M. Ziolkowski, Z. Zong, F. Zuccarello, Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Barreira Luz, R. J., Baur, S., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermannb, P. L., Biteau, J., Blaess, S. G., Blanco, A., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Boháˇcová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Bracke, J., Bretz, T., Bridgeman, A., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Calcagni, L., Cancio, A., Canfora, F., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cobos Cerutti, A. C., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Cooper, M. J., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., de Almeida, R. M., de Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., de Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., de Oliveira Salles, F. O., de Souza, V., Debatin, J., del Río, M., Deligny, O., Dhital, N., Díaz Castro, M. L., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., D’Olivo, J. C., Dorosti, Q., dos Anjos, R. C., Dova, M. T., Dundovic, A., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobarc, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzinic, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Ferreyro, L. P., Figueira, J. M., Filipˇciˇc, A., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., F, Fuster, A., García, B., Gemmeke, H., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Głas, D., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Golup, G., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. F., Gongora, J. P., González, N., Goos, I., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Halliday, R., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Hill, G. C., Hojvatc, C., Holt, E. M., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Jandt, I., Johnsen, J. A., Josebachuili, M., Jurysek, J., Kääpä, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Kemmerich, N., Kemp, J., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Kuempel, D., Kukec Mezek, G., Kuotb Awad, A., Lago, B. L., Lahurd, D., Lang, R. G., Legumina, R., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lippmann, O. C., Lo Presti, D., Lopes, L., López, R., López Casado, A., Lorek, R., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Malacari, M., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Mantschc, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Mari¸s, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Martínez Bravo, O., Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazurc, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Mockler, D., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Morlino, G., Mostafá, M., Müller, A. L., Muller, M. A., D, Müller, S., Mussa, R., Nellen, L., Nguyen, P. H., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., G, Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A, Núñez, L. A., Oikonomou, F., I, Olinto, A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Panetta, M. P., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pe¸kala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña-Rodriguez, J., Pereira, L. A. S., Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Phuntsok, J., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Poh, J., Pont, B., Porowski, C., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Ramos-Pollan, R., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schauer, M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schlüter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schröder, S., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., H, Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stanca, D., Staniˇc, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Stolpovskiy, M., Streich, A., Suarez, F., Suárez-Durán, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Šupík, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Timmermans, C., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tomé, B., Torralba Elipe, G., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trini, M., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valiño, I., Valore, L., van Bodegom, P., van den Berg, A. M., van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Veberiˇc, D., Ventura, C., Vergara Quispe, I. D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Villaseñor, L., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watsona, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiede´nski, M., Wiencke, L., Wilczy´nski, H., Winchen, T., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yang, L., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Zepeda, A., Zimmermann, B., Ziolkowski, M., Zong, Z., Zuccarello, F., Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pierre Auger, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kampert, Karl-Heinz, Alejandro Mostafa, Miguel, Zas, Enrique, Guarino, F, Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Group, and Elementary Particle Physics
Subjects: HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS, high energy neutrino, Astronomy, compact binary mergers, high energy neutrinos, high energy neutrons, high energy photons, multi-messenger astrophysics, UHECR, astro-ph.HE, PHOTONS, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, energy [n], lcsh:QB1-991, energy [cosmic radiation], HESS, LIGO, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, AIR-SHOWERS, energy: high, ORIGIN, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, high energy photon, DETETORES, COSMIC-RAYS, photon: energy, multi-messenger astrophysic, neutrino: UHE, BURST, UHE [neutrino], Auger, observatory, compact [binary], high [energy], ddc:620, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, performance, radiation: electromagnetic, FLUORESCENCE DETECTOR, lcsh:Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, UHE [cosmic radiation], cosmic radiation: energy, FOS: Physical sciences, ACCELERATION, n: energy, high energy neutron, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics, cosmic radiation: UHE, Pierre Auger Observatory, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, lcsh:QC801-809, energy [photon], Astronomy and Astrophysics, Généralités, binary: compact, flux, messenger, electromagnetic [radiation], lcsh:Geophysics. Cosmic physics, VIRGO, correlation, Experimental High Energy Physics, galaxy, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: An overview of the multi-messenger capabilities of the Pierre Auger Observatory is presented. The techniques and performance of searching for Ultra-High Energy neutrinos, photons and neutrons are described. Some of the most relevant results are reviewed, such as stringent upper bounds that were placed to a flux of diffuse cosmogenic neutrinos and photons, bounds placed on neutrinos emitted from compact binary mergers that were detected by LIGO and Virgo during their first and second observing runs, as well as searches for high energy photons and neutrons from the Galactic center that constrain the properties of the putative Galactic PeVatron, observed by the H.E.S.S. collaboration. The observation of directional correlations between ultra-high energy cosmic rays and either high energy astrophysical neutrinos or specific source populations, weighted by their electromagnetic radiation, are also discussed. They constitute additional multi-messenger approaches aimed at identifying the sources of high energy cosmic rays., SCOPUS: re.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

36. An automated all-sky atmospheric monitoring camera for a next-generation ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray observatory

Author: M. Palatka, J. Farmerh, Toshihiro Fujii, John N. Matthews, Dusan Mandat, Miroslav Pech, Pavel Horvath, Petr Travnicek, M. Malacari, Miroslav Hrabovsky, Stanislav Michal, Martin Vacula, F. Salamida, Justin M. Albury, Petr Hamal, Jose A. Bellido, S. B. Thomas, Radomir Smida, Ladislav Chytka, Jiri Kvita, Petr Schovanek, Xiaochen Ni, Libor Nozka, P. Privitera, and Massimo Mastrodicasa
Subjects: Physics, Photometers, EBCCDs, media_common.quotation_subject, Astronomy, CCDs, Si-PMTs, Etc), Visible and IR photons (solid-state) (PIN diodes, EMCCDs, APDs, CMOS imagers, G-APDs, Image processing, Photon detectors for UV, Sky, Ultrahigh energy, Cosmic-ray observatory, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, media_common
Published: 2020

37. Searching for neutrinoless double beta decay with GERDA

Author: S. Hemmer, V. N. Kornoukhov, Matthias Laubenstein, K. Pelczar, V. G. Egorov, K. T. Knöpfle, R. Brugnera, M. Balata, A. A. Vasenko, Guillaume Lutter, T. Wester, A. M. Bakalyarov, V. I. Lebedev, A.A. Smolnikov, A. Lazzaro, V. V. Kuzminov, Matteo Agostini, C. Wiesinger, L. Vanhoefer, Thomas Kihm, B. Schneider, Anna Julia Zsigmond, M. Shirchenko, E. Doroshkevich, Manfred Lindner, L. B. Bezrukov, Oliver Schulz, Kai Zuber, C. Macolino, L. Stanco, V. V. Kazalov, E. Shevchik, O.I. Kochetov, G. Zuzel, R. Falkenstein, H. V. Kirpichnikov, Jochen Schreiner, Alberto Pullia, A. Garfagnini, D. R. Zinatulina, O. Selivanenko, V.B. Brudanin, C. Ransom, J. Janicsko, A.-K. Schütz, Hardy Simgen, Werner Hofmann, Allen Caldwell, M. Miloradovic, V. I. Gurentsov, K. N. Gusev, A. Hegai, K. Panas, T. Bode, A. Kish, A. M. Gangapshev, Marcin Wójcik, N. Di Marco, R. Mingazheva, Christian Bauer, A. Lubashevskiy, A. Domula, R. Kneiβl, Cinzia Sada, M. Junker, J. Hakenmüller, P. Grabmayr, B. Schwingenheuer, K. von Sturm, Mikael Hult, R. Hiller, Stefano Riboldi, E. Bellotti, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, Stefan Schönert, C. Gooch, P. Moseev, Luciano Pandola, V. Wagner, I. Zhitnikov, I. R. Barabanov, Laura Baudis, M. Misiaszek, A. A. Klimenko, M. Heisel, N. Rumyantseva, F. Salamida, S. V. Zhukov, Alessandro Bettini, B. Cattadori, A. Kirsch, Y. Kermaïdic, V. D'Andrea, Ivano Lippi, L. V. Inzhechik, W. Maneschg, E. A. Yanovich, C. Schmitt, A. V. Veresnikova, A. Chernogorov, J. Jochum Csáthy, A. Wegmann, Igor Nemchenok, Bela Majorovits, E. V. Demidova, and S. Belogurov
Subjects: Paper, Physics, History, Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Double beta decay, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, ddc, Computer Science Applications, Education
Abstract: The GERmanium Detector Array (GERDA) experiment located at the INFN Gran Sasso Laboratory (Italy), is looking for the neutrinoless double beta decay of Ge76, by using high-purity germanium detectors made from isotopically enriched material. The combination of the novel experimental design, the careful material selection for radio-purity and the active/passive shielding techniques result in a very low residual background at the Q-value of the decay, about 1e-3 counts/(keV kg yr). This makes GERDA the first experiment in the field to be background-free for the complete design exposure of 100 kg yr. A search for neutrinoless double beta decay was performed with a total exposure of 47.7 kg yr: 23.2 kg yr come from the second phase (Phase II) of the experiment, in which the background is reduced by about a factor of ten with respect to the previous phase. The analysis presented in this paper includes 12.4 kg yr of new Phase II data. No evidence for a possible signal is found: the lower limit for the half-life of Ge76 is 8.0e25 yr at 90% CL. The experimental median sensitivity is 5.8e25 yr. The experiment is currently taking data. As it is running in a background-free regime, its sensitivity grows linearly with exposure and it is expected to surpass 1e26 yr within 2018., 8 pages, to appear in the proceedings of TAUP2017
Published: 2020

38. Improved Limit on Neutrinoless Double- β Decay of Ge76 from GERDA Phase II

Author: L. V. Inzhechik, D. R. Zinatulina, O. Schulz, Mikael Hult, T. Comellato, V. G. Egorov, M. Balata, V. Wagner, G. Zuzel, L. Vanhoefer, C. Bauer, A. A. Vasenko, T. Bode, Stefano Riboldi, A.-K. Schütz, A. Hegai, N. Di Marco, M. Misiaszek, F. Salamida, R. Brugnera, A. Garfagnini, V. V. Kuzminov, Matteo Agostini, Manfred Lindner, J. Janicskó Csáthy, V. N. Kornoukhov, Y. Kermaïdic, A. Kish, K. Pelczar, A. V. Veresnikova, J. Hakenmüller, I. Zhitnikov, Ivano Lippi, Allen Caldwell, A. Chernogorov, M. Junker, C. Wiesinger, A. Wegmann, M. Shirchenko, R. Hiller, L. Pertoldi, Igor Nemchenok, Guillaume Lutter, A. Kirsch, O. Selivanenko, A. M. Bakalyarov, A. Lubashevskiy, W. Maneschg, S. Hemmer, M. Laubenstein, E. A. Yanovich, K. von Sturm, Bela Majorovits, R. Falkenstein, P. Grabmayr, B. Schneider, I. V. Kirpichnikov, V. I. Gurentsov, V. V. Kazalov, M. Miloradovic, D. Borowicz, J. Biernat, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, R. Mingazheva, C. Schmitt, B. Schwingenheuer, R. Kneißl, O.I. Kochetov, Th. Kihm, A. M. Gangapshev, P. Moseev, Luciano Pandola, A. A. Klimenko, Werner Hofmann, M. Heisel, N. Rumyantseva, A. Zschocke, Alessandro Bettini, E. V. Demidova, S. Belogurov, C. Macolino, A. Pullia, Cinzia Sada, V. D'Andrea, A. Lazzaro, S. Schönert, K. Panas, T. Wester, A.A. Smolnikov, C. Cattadori, Anna Julia Zsigmond, Kai Zuber, M. M. Wojcik, E. Bellotti, E. Doroshkevich, L. B. Bezrukov, E. Shevchik, A. Domula, L. Stanco, V.B. Brudanin, C. Ransom, Hardy Simgen, Josef Jochum, I. R. Barabanov, S. V. Zhukov, K. N. Gusev, K. T. Knöpfle, and Laura Baudis
Subjects: Semileptonic decay, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Phase (waves), General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Germanium, Type (model theory), 01 natural sciences, chemistry, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Sensitivity (control systems), Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Energy (signal processing), Diode
Abstract: The GERDA experiment searches for the lepton-number-violating neutrinoless double-β decay of ^{76}Ge (^{76}Ge→^{76}Se+2e^{-}) operating bare Ge diodes with an enriched ^{76}Ge fraction in liquid argon. The exposure for broad-energy germanium type (BEGe) detectors is increased threefold with respect to our previous data release. The BEGe detectors feature an excellent background suppression from the analysis of the time profile of the detector signals. In the analysis window a background level of 1.0_{-0.4}^{+0.6}×10^{-3} counts/(keV kg yr) has been achieved; if normalized to the energy resolution this is the lowest ever achieved in any 0νββ experiment. No signal is observed and a new 90% C.L. lower limit for the half-life of 8.0×10^{25} yr is placed when combining with our previous data. The expected median sensitivity assuming no signal is 5.8×10^{25} yr.
Published: 2018

39. Searching Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay with Gerda Phase II

Author: V. D'Andrea, O. Schulz, L. B. Bezrukov, J. Janicskó Csáthy, Elena Sala, E. Shevchik, K. Panas, A. Lazzaro, A. Kirsch, Josef Jochum, Y. Kermaïdic, S. Schönert, W. Maneschg, Ivano Lippi, E. A. Yanovich, Stefano Nisi, R. Mingazheva, I. Zhitnikov, I. R. Barabanov, A. Lubashevskiy, C. Gooch, C. Wiesinger, S. V. Zhukov, B. Schweisshelm, B. Schwingenheuer, A. Garfagnini, M. Shirchenko, T. Wester, A. Domula, A.A. Smolnikov, C. Cattadori, Anna Julia Zsigmond, Kai Zuber, V. I. Gurentsov, T. Comellato, V. Kazalov, A. Kish, A. V. Veresnikova, L. Stanco, V. G. Egorov, M. M. Wojcik, Allen Caldwell, L. Ioannucci, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, V. Wagner, M. Balata, C. Ransom, C. Bauer, Stefano Riboldi, M. Junker, C. Hahne, A. Chernogorov, F. Salamida, A. A. Vasenko, Th. Kihm, L. Vanhoefer, Hardy Simgen, T. Bode, L. V. Inzhechik, S. Hemmer, M. Reissfelder, R. Hiller, V. B. Brudanin, K. von Sturm, E. Bellotti, M. Misiaszek, H. Seitz, A. Wegmann, Manfred Lindner, M. Giordano, E. Doroshkevich, Igor Nemchenok, R. Kneißl, B. Schneider, G. Zuzel, P. Moseev, Bela Majorovits, Luciano Pandola, D. R. Zinatulina, Werner Hofmann, A. A. Klimenko, M. Heisel, N. Rumyantseva, M. Laubenstein, P. Holl, J. Hakenmüller, P. Grabmayr, A. Zschocke, I. V. Kirpichnikov, Mikael Hult, E. V. Demidova, M. Miloradovic, O. Selivanenko, S. Belogurov, R. Falkenstein, Jochen Schreiner, C. Schmitt, V. N. Kornoukhov, K. Pelczar, Guillaume Lutter, A. M. Bakalyarov, A.-K. Schütz, A. Hegai, N. Di Marco, K. N. Gusev, R. Brugnera, V. V. Kuzminov, K. T. Knöpfle, Matteo Agostini, Laura Baudis, Gerd Marissens, O.I. Kochetov, A. M. Gangapshev, Alessandro Bettini, C. Macolino, A. Pullia, and Cinzia Sada
Subjects: Physics, Ge-76, Particle physics, Double beta decay, Phase (waves), Beta (velocity), Neutrino, Neutrinoless double beta decay, Semiconductor detector
Abstract: An observation of neutrinoless double beta ([Formula: see text]) decay would allow to shed light onto the nature of neutrinos. Gerda (GERmanium Detector Array) aims to discover this process in a background-free search using [Formula: see text]Ge. The experiment is located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) of the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) in Italy. Bare, isotopically enriched, high purity germanium detectors are operated in liquid argon. Gerda follows a staged approach. In Phase II 35.6 kg of enriched germanium detectors are operated since December 2015. The application of active background rejection methods, such as a liquid argon scintillation light read-out and pulse shape discrimination of germanium detector signals, allows to reduce the background index to the intended level of [Formula: see text] cts/(keV⋅kg⋅yr). No evidence for the [Formula: see text] decay has been found in 23.2 kg⋅yr of Phase II data, and together with data from Phase I the up-to-date most stringent half-life limit for this process in [Formula: see text]Ge has been established, at a median sensitivity of 5.8⋅10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]yr the 90[Formula: see text]% C.L. lower limit is 8.0⋅10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]yr.
Published: 2018

40. Upgrade for Phase II of the GERDA Experiment

Author: GERDA Collaboration, M. Agostini, A. M. Bakalyarov, M. Balata, I. Barabanov, L. Baudis, C. Bauer, E. Bellotti, S. Belogurov, S. T. Belyaev, G. Benato, A. Bettini, L. Bezrukov, T. Bode, D. Borowicz, V. Brudanin, R. Brugnera, A. Caldwell, C. Cattadori, A. Chernogorov, V. D’Andrea, E. V. Demidova, N. Di Marco, A. Domula, E. Doroshkevich, V. Egorov, R. Falkenstein, N. Frodyma, A. Gangapshev, A. Garfagnini, P. Grabmayr, V. Gurentsov, K. Gusev, J. Hakenmüller, A. Hegai, M. Heisel, S. Hemmer, R. Hiller, W. Hofmann, M. Hult, L. V. Inzhechik, L. Ioannucci, J. Janicskó Csáthy, J. Jochum, M. Junker, V. Kazalov, Y. Kermaïdic, T. Kihm, I. V. Kirpichnikov, A. Kirsch, A. Kish, A. Klimenko, R. Kneißl, K. T. Knöpfle, O. Kochetov, V. N. Kornoukhov, V. V. Kuzminov, M. Laubenstein, A. Lazzaro, V. I. Lebedev, B. Lehnert, M. Lindner, I. Lippi, A. Lubashevskiy, B. Lubsandorzhiev, G. Lutter, C. Macolino, B. Majorovits, W. Maneschg, E. Medinaceli, M. Miloradovic, R. Mingazheva, M. Misiaszek, P. Moseev, I. Nemchenok, S. Nisi, K. Panas, L. Pandola, K. Pelczar, A. Pullia, C. Ransom, S. Riboldi, N. Rumyantseva, C. Sada, F. Salamida, M. Salathe, C. Schmitt, B. Schneider, S. Schönert, J. Schreiner, A-K. Schütz, O. Schulz, B. Schwingenheuer, O. Selivanenko, E. Shevchik, M. Shirchenko, H. Simgen, A. Smolnikov, L. Stanco, L. Vanhoefer, A. A. Vasenko, A. Veresnikova, K. von Sturm, V. Wagner, A. Wegmann, T. Wester, C. Wiesinger, M. Wojcik, E. Yanovich, I. Zhitnikov, S. V. Zhukov, D. Zinatulina, A. J. Zsigmond, K. Zuber, and G. Zuzel
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Phase (waves), FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, VETO, nucl-ex, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, DEPENDENCE, Double beta decay, LIQUID ARGON, lcsh:QB460-466, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Sensitivity (control systems), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), BETA-DECAY, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Nuclear Experiment, physics.ins-det, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), NEUTRINOS, Upgrade, GE-76, lcsh:QC770-798, SCINTILLATION, Data release, Order of magnitude
Abstract: The GERDA collaboration is performing a sensitive search for neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{76}$Ge at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy. The upgrade of the GERDA experiment from Phase I to Phase II has been concluded in December 2015. The first Phase II data release shows that the goal to suppress the background by one order of magnitude compared to Phase I has been achieved. GERDA is thus the first experiment that will remain background-free up to its design exposure (100 kg yr). It will reach thereby a half-life sensitivity of more than 10$^{26}$ yr within 3 years of data collection. This paper describes in detail the modifications and improvements of the experimental setup for Phase II and discusses the performance of individual detector components., 31 pages, 34 figures
Published: 2017

41. An estimate of the spectral intensity expected from the molecular Bremsstrahlung radiation in extensive air showers

Author: D. Lebrun, Olivier Deligny, I. Al Samarai, F. Salamida, and A. Letessier-Selvon
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Photon, Proton, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Bremsstrahlung, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Molecular Bremsstrahlung radiation, Ultra-high energy cosmic rays, Electron, 7. Clean energy, Nuclear physics, Ionization, Extensive air showers, Atomic physics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Radiant intensity
Abstract: A detection technique of ultra-high energy cosmic rays, complementary to the fluorescence technique, would be the use of the molecular Bremsstrahlung radiation emitted by low-energy electrons left after the passage of the showers in the atmosphere. The emission mechanism is expected from quasi-elastic collisions of electrons produced in the shower by the ionisation of the molecules in the atmosphere. In this article, a detailed calculation of the spectral intensity of photons at ground level originating from the transitions between unquantised energy states of free ionisation electrons is presented. In the absence of absorption of the emitted photons in the plasma, the obtained spectral intensity is shown to be 5 10^{-26} W m^{-2}Hz^{-1} at 10 km from the shower core for a vertical shower induced by a proton of 10^{17.5} eV., 16 pages, 6 figures, accepted in Astroparticle Physics. Compared to v1 version: 1. Inclusion of ro-vibrational processes. 2. Use of more accurate ionization potential values and energy distribution of the secondary electrons
Published: 2015

42. The nature and origin of ultra high-energy cosmic rays

Author: J. R. Hörandel, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, M. Ahlers, E. J. Ahn, I. F. M. Albuquerque, D. Allard, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, A. Almela, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez Muñiz, M. Ambrosio, A. Aminaei, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, T. Antičić, C. Aramo, E. Arganda, F. Arqueros, H. Asorey, P. Assis, J. Aublin, M. Ave, M. Avenier, G. Avila, T. Bäcker, A. M. Badescu, M. Balzer, K. B. Barber, A. F. Barbosa, R. Bardenet, S. L. C. Barroso, B. Baughman f, J. Bäuml, J. J. Beatty, B. R. Becker, K. H. Becker, A. Bellétoile, J. A. Bellido, S. BenZvi, C. Berat, X. Bertou, P. L. Biermann, P. Billoir, F. Blanco, M. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. Blümer, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, N. Borodai, J. Brack, I. Brancus, P. Brogueira, W. C. Brown, R. Bruijn i, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, R. E. Burton, K. S. Caballero Mora, B. Caccianiga, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, O. Catalano, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, J. Chauvin, S. H. Cheng, A. Chiavassa, J. A. Chinellato, J. Chirinos Diaz, J. Chudoba, M. Cilmo, R. W. Clay, R. Conceição, F. Contreras, H. Cook, M. J. Cooper, J. Coppens, A. Cordier, S. Coutu, C. E. Covault, A. Creusot, A. Criss, J. Cronin, A. Curutiu, S. Dagoret Campagne, R. Dallier, B. Daniel, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B. R. Dawson, R. M. de Almeida, M. De Domenico, C. De Donato, S. J. de Jong, G. De La Vega, W. J. M. de Mello Junior, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, V. de Souza, K. D. de Vries, L. del Peral, M. del Río, O. Deligny, H. Dembinski, N. Dhital, C. Di Giulio, M. L. Díaz Castro, P. N. Diep, F. Diogo, C. Dobrigkeit, W. Docters, J. C. D'Olivo, P. N. Dong, A. Dorofeev, J. C. dos Anjos, M. T. Dova, D. D'Urso, I. Dutan, J. Ebr, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, C. O. Escobar, J. Espadanal, A. Etchegoyen, P. Facal San Luis, I. Fajardo Tapia, H. Falcke, G. Farrar, A. C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, A. P. Ferguson, B. Fick, A. Filevich, A. Filipčič, S. Fliescher, C. E. Fracchiolla, E. D. Fraenkel, O. Fratu, U. Fröhlich, B. Fuchs, R. Gaior, R. F. Gamarra, S. Gambetta, B. García, S. T. Garcia Roca, D. Garcia Gamez, D. Garcia Pinto, A. Gascon, H. Gemmeke, P. L. Ghia, U. Giaccari, M. Giller, H. Glass, M. S. Gold, G. Golup, F. Gomez Albarracin, M. Gómez Berisso, P. F. Gómez Vitale, P. Gonçalves, D. Gonzalez, J. G. Gonzalez, B. Gookin, A. Gorgi, P. Gouffon, E. Grashorn, S. Grebe, N. Griffith, M. Grigat, A. F. Grillo, Y. Guardincerri, F. Guarino, G. P. Guedes, A. Guzman, P. Hansen, D. Harari, T. A. Harrison, J. L. Harton, A. Haungs, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, A. E. Herve, C. Hojvat, N. Hollon, V. C. Holmes, P. Homola, A. Horneffer, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, D. Huber, T. Huege, A. Insolia, F. Ionita, A. Italiano, C. Jarne, S. Jiraskova, M. Josebachuili, K. Kadija, K. H. Kampert, P. Karhan, P. Kasper, B. Kégl, B. Keilhauer, A. Keivani, J. L. Kelley, E. Kemp, R. M. Kieckhafer, H. O. Klages, M. Kleifges, J. Kleinfeller, J. Knapp, D. H. Koang, K. Kotera, N. Krohm, O. Krömer, D. Kruppke Hansen, F. Kuehn, D. Kuempel, J. K. Kulbartz, N. Kunka, G. La Rosa, C. Lachaud, D. LaHurd, L. Latronico, R. Lauer, P. Lautridou, S. Le Coz, M. S. A. B. Leão, D. Lebrun, P. Lebrun, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, A. Letessier Selvon, I. Lhenry Yvon, K. Link, R. López, A. Lopez Agüera, K. Louedec, J. Lozano Bahilo, L. Lu, A. Lucero, M. Ludwig, H. Lyberis, M. C. Maccarone, C. Macolino, S. Maldera, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, A. G. Mariazzi, J. Marin, V. Marin, I. C. Maris, H. R. Marquez Falcon, L. Martin, H. Martinez, O. Martínez Bravo, H. J. Mathes, J. Matthews, J. A. J. Matthews, G. Matthiae, D. Maurel, D. Maurizio, P. O. Mazur, G. Medina Tanco, M. Melissas, D. Melo, E. Menichetti, A. Menshikov, P. Mertsch, C. Meurer, S. Mićanović, M. I. Micheletti, I. A. Minaya, L. Miramonti, L. Molina Bueno, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, D. Monnier Ragaigne, F. Montanet, B. Morales, C. Morello, E. Moreno, J. C. Moreno, M. Mostafá, C. A. Moura, M. A. Muller, G. Müller, M. Münchmeyer, R. Mussa, G. Navarra ‡, J. L. Navarro, S. Navas, P. Necesal, L. Nellen, A. Nelles, J. Neuser, P. T. Nhung, M. Niechciol, L. Niemietz, N. Nierstenhoefer, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, L. Nožka, J. Oehlschläger, A. Olinto, M. Ortiz, N. Pacheco, D. Pakk Selmi Dei, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, N. Palmieri, G. Parente, E. Parizot, A. Parra, S. Pastor, T. Paul, M. Pech, J. Pękala, R. Pelayo, I. M. Pepe, R. Pesce, E. Petermann, S. Petrera, P. Petrinca, A. Petrolini, Y. Petrov, C. Pfendner, R. Piegaia, T. Pierog, P. Pieroni, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, M. Plum, V. H. Ponce, M. Pontz, A. Porcelli, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, E. J. Quel, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, O. Ravel, D. Ravignani, B. Revenu, J. Ridky, S. Riggi, M. Risse, P. Ristori, H. Rivera, V. Rizi, J. Roberts, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, G. Rodriguez, J. Rodriguez Martino, J. Rodriguez Rojo, I. Rodriguez Cabo, M. D. Rodríguez Frías, G. Ros, J. Rosado, T. Rossler, M. Roth, B. Rouillé d'Orfeuil, E. Roulet, A. C. Rovero, C. Rühle, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, F. Salesa Greus, G. Salina, F. Sánchez, C. E. Santo, E. Santos, E. M. Santos, F. Sarazin, B. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, R. Sato, N. Scharf, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, P. Schiffer, A. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, J. Schovancova, P. Schovánek, F. Schröder, S. Schulte, D. Schuster, S. J. Sciutto, M. Scuderi, A. Segreto, M. Settimo, A. Shadkam, R. C. Shellard, I. Sidelnik, G. Sigl, H. H. Silva Lopez, O. Sima, A. Śmiałkowski, R. Šmída, G. R. Snow, P. Sommers, J. Sorokin, H. Spinka, R. Squartini, Y. N. Srivastava, S. Stanic, J. Stapleton, J. Stasielak, M. Stephan, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijärvi, A. D. Supanitsky, T. Šuša, M. S. Sutherland, J. Swain, Z. Szadkowski, M. Szuba, A. Tapia, M. Tartare, O. Taşcău, C. G. Tavera Ruiz, R. Tcaciuc, N. T. Thao, D. Thomas, J. Tiffenberg, C. Timmermans, W. Tkaczyk, C. J. Todero Peixoto, G. Toma, L. Tomankova, B. Tomé, A. Tonachini, P. Travnicek, D. B. Tridapalli, G. Tristram, E. Trovato, M. Tueros, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J. F. Valdés Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, A. M. van den Berg, E. Varela, B. Vargas Cárdenas, J. R. Vázquez, R. A. Vázquez, D. Veberič, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, M. Videla, L. Villaseñor, H. Wahlberg, P. Wahrlich, O. Wainberg, D. Walz, A. A. Watson, M. Weber, K. Weidenhaupt, A. Weindl, F. Werner, S. Westerhoff, B. J. Whelan, A. Widom, G. Wieczorek, L. Wiencke, B. Wilczyńska, H. Wilczyński, M. Will, C. Williams, T. Winchen, M. Wommer, B. Wundheiler, T. Yamamoto a, T. Yapici, P. Younk, G. Yuan, A. Yushkov, B. Zamorano, E. Zas, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, I. Zaw h, A. Zepeda, Y. Zhu, M. Zimbres Silva, M. Ziolkowski, COLUCCIA, MARIA RITA, DE MITRI, Ivan, MARSELLA, GIOVANNI, MARTELLO, Daniele, PERRONE, Lorenzo, J. R., Hörandel for the Auger Collaboration, M., Ambrosio, Aramo, Carla, M., Cilmo, D'Urso, Domenico, Guarino, Fausto, Valore, Laura, J. R., Hörandel, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, M., Ahler, E. J., Ahn, I. F. M., Albuquerque, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, A., Almela, J., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, A., Aminaei, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, T., Antičić, C., Aramo, E., Arganda, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, T., Bäcker, A. M., Badescu, M., Balzer, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, R., Bardenet, S. L. C., Barroso, B., Baughman f, J., Bäuml, J. J., Beatty, B. R., Becker, K. H., Becker, A., Bellétoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, C., Bleve, H., Blümer, M., Boháčová, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, I., Brancu, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, R., Bruijn i, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, R. E., Burton, K. S., Caballero Mora, B., Caccianiga, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, S. H., Cheng, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, J., Chirinos Diaz, J., Chudoba, R. W., Clay, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceição, F., Contrera, H., Cook, M. J., Cooper, J., Coppen, A., Cordier, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, S., Dagoret Campagne, R., Dallier, B., Daniel, S., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, M., De Domenico, C., De Donato, S. J., de Jong, G., De La Vega, W. J. M., de Mello Junior, J. R. T., de Mello Neto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., de Souza, K. D., de Vrie, L., del Peral, M., del Río, O., Deligny, H., Dembinski, N., Dhital, C., Di Giulio, M. L., Díaz Castro, P. N., Diep, F., Diogo, C., Dobrigkeit, W., Docter, J. C., D'Olivo, P. N., Dong, A., Dorofeev, J. C., dos Anjo, M. T., Dova, D., D'Urso, I., Dutan, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C. O., Escobar, J., Espadanal, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, I., Fajardo Tapia, H., Falcke, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A. P., Ferguson, B., Fick, A., Filevich, A., Filipčič, S., Fliescher, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel, O., Fratu, U., Fröhlich, B., Fuch, R., Gaior, R. F., Gamarra, S., Gambetta, B., García, S. T., Garcia Roca, D., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, A., Gascon, H., Gemmeke, P. L., Ghia, U., Giaccari, M., Giller, H., Gla, M. S., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gómez Berisso, P. F., Gómez Vitale, P., Gonçalve, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, B., Gookin, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, E., Grashorn, S., Grebe, N., Griffith, M., Grigat, A. F., Grillo, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, A., Guzman, P., Hansen, D., Harari, T. A., Harrison, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, A. E., Herve, C., Hojvat, N., Hollon, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, A., Horneffer, P., Horvath, M., Hrabovský, D., Huber, T., Huege, A., Insolia, F., Ionita, A., Italiano, C., Jarne, S., Jiraskova, M., Josebachuili, K., Kadija, K. H., Kampert, P., Karhan, P., Kasper, B., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, J. L., Kelley, E., Kemp, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, K., Kotera, N., Krohm, O., Krömer, D., Kruppke Hansen, F., Kuehn, D., Kuempel, J. K., Kulbartz, N., Kunka, G., La Rosa, C., Lachaud, D., Lahurd, L., Latronico, R., Lauer, P., Lautridou, S., Le Coz, M. S. A. B., Leão, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, M. A., Leigui de Oliveira, A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., López, A., Lopez Agüera, K., Louedec, J., Lozano Bahilo, L., Lu, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, S., Maldera, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, J., Marin, V., Marin, I. C., Mari, H. R., Marquez Falcon, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, L., Martin, H., Martinez, O., Martínez Bravo, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, J. A. J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurel, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, P., Mertsch, C., Meurer, S., Mićanović, M. I., Micheletti, I. A., Minaya, L., Miramonti, L., Molina Bueno, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, E., Moreno, J. C., Moreno, M., Mostafá, C. A., Moura, M. A., Muller, G., Müller, M., Münchmeyer, R., Mussa, G., Navarra ‡, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, A., Nelle, J., Neuser, P. T., Nhung, M., Niechciol, L., Niemietz, N., Nierstenhoefer, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nožka, J., Oehlschläger, A., Olinto, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D., Pakk Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, G., Parente, E., Parizot, A., Parra, S., Pastor, T., Paul, M., Pech, J., Pękala, R., Pelayo, I. M., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, P., Petrinca, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, C., Pfendner, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, P., Pieroni, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, M., Plum, V. H., Ponce, M., Pontz, A., Porcelli, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, S., Querchfeld, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, H., Rivera, V., Rizi, J., Robert, W., Rodrigues de Carvalho, G., Rodriguez, J., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, I., Rodriguez Cabo, M. D., Rodríguez Fría, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, B., Rouillé d'Orfeuil, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, C., Rühle, A., Saftoiu, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, F., Salesa Greu, G., Salina, F., Sánchez, C. E., Santo, E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, B., Sarkar, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, N., Scharf, V., Scherini, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, J., Schovancova, P., Schovánek, F., Schröder, S., Schulte, D., Schuster, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, M., Settimo, A., Shadkam, R. C., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, G., Sigl, H. H., Silva Lopez, O., Sima, A., Śmiałkowski, R., Šmída, G. R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, Y. N., Srivastava, S., Stanic, J., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijärvi, A. D., Supanitsky, T., Šuša, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, M., Szuba, A., Tapia, M., Tartare, O., Taşcău, C. G., Tavera Ruiz, R., Tcaciuc, N. T., Thao, D., Thoma, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Todero Peixoto, G., Toma, L., Tomankova, B., Tomé, A., Tonachini, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, G., Tristram, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. F., Valdés Galicia, I., Valiño, L., Valore, A. M., van den Berg, E., Varela, B., Vargas Cárdena, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Vázquez, D., Veberič, V., Verzi, J., Vicha, M., Videla, L., Villaseñor, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Walz, A. A., Watson, M., Weber, K., Weidenhaupt, A., Weindl, F., Werner, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, A., Widom, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczyńska, H., Wilczyński, M., Will, C., William, T., Winchen, M., Wommer, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto a, T., Yapici, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, B., Zamorano, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw h, A., Zepeda, Y., Zhu, M., Zimbres Silva, and M., Ziolkowski
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Astronomy, Astrophysical source, General Physics and Astronomy, Pierre Auger Observatory, Cosmic Ray, Particle detector, Cosmology, Radiation flux, Optics, Measuring instrument, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, business
Abstract: The Earth is exposed to a permanent rain of cosmic particles from outer space [1]. Most of the particles are fully ionised atomic nuclei, moving with relativistic energies. The bulk of them with energies up to 1017 eV originate within our Milky Way. They are most likely accel- erated in supernova remnants. Some particles have a thousand times higher energies, i.e., around 1020 eV. This corresponds to the kinetic energy of a tennis ball with a mass of 50 g and a velocity of 90 km/h
Published: 2012

43. Muons in air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory: Measurement of atmospheric production depth

Author: Adrian J. Matthews, L. Molina-Bueno, D. Melo, David Walz, F. Suarez, Thomas Hebbeker, Sergio Dasso, T. Huege, A. Parra, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, V. Pirronello, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, F. Gate, Iuri Muniz Pepe, L. Tomankova, G. Navarra, C. A. Moura, T. Yamamoto, Brian Fick, Samo Stanič, van den Ad M Berg, C. Jarne, M. Prouza, J. Kleinfeller, A. Aab, L. Caramete, R. Mussa, J. J. Beatty, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, R. Sato, A. C. Fauth, Kai Daumiller, Peter Schiffer, B. Vlcek, H. Dembinski, N. Fazzini, L. del Peral, P. Abreu, M. S. A. B. Leão, H. Lyberis, E.M. Holt, D. Ravignani, A. Saleh, Maria-Teresa Dova, R. Alves Batista, D. Kruppke-Hansen, O. Ravel, G. Yuan, Matias Tueros, D. Nosek, Johannes Schulz, A. van Vliet, V. Scherini, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, Daniel Kuempel, Carlos Escobar, S. Maldera, M. Pimenta, F. Diogo, M. Videla, G. Cocciolo, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Marcio Aparecido Muller, D. Maurizio, Richard Dallier, A. Nelles, B. Revenu, Sarka Wykes, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Jing Zhou, J. C. Diaz, M. Risse, Julien Aublin, Alexandra Saftoiu, Jaime Rosado, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, Ke Fang, M. Zimbres Silva, O. Kambeitz, R. M. de Almeida, F. Werner, Markus Ahlers, S. Riggi, T. Rossler, Eric Mayotte, M. Ave, M. Gómez Berisso, S. J. De Jong, Octavian Fratu, B. Wilczynska, J. D. Swain, E. Varela, T. Suomijaervi, N. Griffith, Lu Lu, N. T. Thao, J. Maller, S. J. Saffi, U. Froehlich, R. Cester, M. Avenier, J. Stapleton, M. Zavrtanik, B. Vargas Cárdenas, J. Pallotta, N. Kunka, G. Marsella, J. R. Vázquez, D. Garcia-Gamez, E. J. Quel, Michael Unger, M. Platino, M. Monasor, Iván Sidelnik, N. Scharf, P. Sanchez-Lucas, D. Harari, M. Buscemi, A. Curutiu, A. Lopez Agueera, A. Kaeaepae, M. Palatka, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, I. A. Minaya, P. Heimann, R. C. Shellard, W. Docters, M. Will, K. Louedec, Mariangela Settimo, Ugo Giaccari, B. Keilhauer, Béatrice Fuchs, P. W. Younk, Niraj Dhital, M. Hrabovsky, Alexey Yushkov, Jörg R. Hörandel, G. Garilli, E. Kemp, Serguei Vorobiov, C. Hojvat, Francisco J. Blanco, Jan Ebr, J. Allen, S. J. Sciutto, R. Pesce, A. Weindl, I. Valiño, Xavier Bertou, V. Purrello, Paul Sommers, L. Nellen, Max Malacari, Markus Lauscher, A. Zepeda, A. Filevich, Alina Mihaela Badescu, A. Smialkowski, Dusan Mandat, Raul Sarmento, F. Gomez Albarracin, P. Gouffon, P. N. Dong, D. Monnier Ragaigne, O. A. Taborda, Piotr Homola, M. J. Cooper, John N. Matthews, C. Morello, R. M. Kieckhafer, Juan Moreno, J. Rautenberg, Yingchun Zhu, I. Al Samarai, J. Neuser, F. Salamida, Pedro Assis, G. Matthiae, F. Sánchez, P. Facal San Luis, A. Etchegoyen, M. Josebachuili, C. J. Todero Peixoto, A. Schmidt, H.O. Klages, H. Martinez, Lorenzo Caccianiga, V. M. Theodoro, M. Ambrosio, Antonio Bueno, A. Petrolini, S. Le Coz, Carlos Medina, M. De Domenico, G. Parente, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Libor Nozka, Javier Tiffenberg, Sergio Pastor, Sasa Micanovic, O. Wainberg, D. Nitz, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, H. Bluemer, A. Gorgi, Y. Guardincerri, S. Messina, N. Krohm, C. J.W.P. Timmermans, M. Muenchmeyer, A. P. Ferguson, Peter L. Biermann, Petr Schovanek, Esteban Roulet, Jan Pękala, A. Chiavassa, G. S. Varner, Hernan Wahlberg, L. Ochilo, N. Hollon, V. Verzi, B. Sarkar, B. Tome, H. Schoorlemmer, A. E. Herve, K. B. Barber, S. Jansen, E. Petermann, Gualberto Avila, B. García, Tobias Winchen, P. Lebrun, Christian Glaser, A. Criss, Miroslav Pech, Guenter Sigl, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Paolo Privitera, L. R. Wiencke, D. Martraire, Lukas Middendorf, Christine Peters, Ingomar Allekotte, N. Palmieri, J. Espadanal, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, W. C. Brown, K. Link, R. R. Prado, M. C. Maccarone, A. Dorofeev, Darko Veberič, Pavel Horvath, A. Menshikov, L. Latronico, G. Torralba Elipe, R. Krause, Maria Rita Coluccia, Yogendra N. Srivastava, M. I. Micheletti, M. Ludwig, C. E. Santo, Angela V. Olinto, M. Urban, R. J. Lauer, H. Wilczyński, P. Billoir, M. S. Sutherland, J. de Oliveira, A. C. Rovero, L. Valore, S. Navas, Martin Erdmann, M. Melissas, Igor Katkov, J. F. Valdés Galicia, P. Ristori, Amin Aminaei, C. Bleve, C. Aramo, K. Weidenhaupt, Rúben Conceição, R. A. Vázquez, A. Filipčič, I. De Mitri, A. Gascon Bravo, S. Grebe, A. Haungs, Eun-Joo Ahn, L. Villaseñor, I. Rodriguez Cabo, Alberto Daniel Supanitsky, J. L. Harton, V. Marin, Pham Ngoc Diep, C. Di Giulio, Q. Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Paulo J. S. Gonçalves, F. Sarazin, L. Martin, M. Oliveira, Balázs Kégl, G. P. Guedes, S. Petrera, Marc Weber, S. T. Garcia Roca, Sofia Andringa, Marco Cilmo, Philipp Papenbreer, I. Zaw, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, B. Mitrica, Heino Falcke, R. Squartini, François Montanet, Petr Travnicek, Vincenzo Rizi, H. J. Mathes, D. Martello, Bruno Daniel, Alejandro Almela, P. Mantsch, T. Paul, Z. Szadkowski, S. van Velzen, K. H. Becker, M.E. Ortiz, B. Caccianiga, J. Vicha, Trent D. Grubb, Hernán Asorey, T. Yapici, J. J. Masías Meza, D. Huber, M. Ziolkowski, D. Maurel, Roger W Clay, Silvia Mollerach, O. Martínez Bravo, Juan Manuel Figueira, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, Marco Giammarchi, Roberta Colalillo, J. Rodriguez Rojo, R. Bonino, A. Shadkam, I. Jandt, A. G. Mariazzi, Markus Roth, E. Menichetti, R. Gaior, A. G. Chavez, Enrique Zas, B. Zamorano, Ralf Ulrich, A. Porcelli, A. F. Grillo, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, Peter Hansen, Azadeh Keivani, Fernando Contreras, G. Medina-Tanco, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Plum, G. van Aar, P. L. Ghia, F. Guarino, J. Lozano Bahilo, A. Tapia, D. Garcia-Pinto, Alan Watson, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, Peter Buchholz, H. Gemmeke, Paula Gina Isar, Pedro Brogueira, F. Salesa Greus, J. Alvarez Castillo, M. Tartare, J. W. Cronin, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, M. Szuba, I.M. Brancus, R. Piegaia, S. Quinn, G. Toma, H. Glass, Marco Aglietta, A. Segreto, G. Cataldi, Nataliia Borodai, K. Islo, Radomir Smida, G. Mueller, Maurice Stephan, Corbin Covault, Y. Petrov, A. Schulz, E. Trovato, A. Tonachini, V. de Souza, A. Di Matteo, Lino Miramonti, J. Baeuml, B. Gookin, C. Ruehle, P.F. Gómez Vitale, B. Wundheiler, M. Blanco, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, Gregory R Snow, E. M. Santos, S. H. Cheng, Bruce R. Dawson, P.O. Mazur, Marcus Niechciol, R. Pelayo, P. H. Kasper, B. J. Whelan, S. Querchfeld, L. Niemietz, Miguel Mostafá, Ioana Codrina Maris, N. Pacheco, J. Roberts, Tim Niggemann, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, Christopher B. Williams, G. C. Hill, Colin Baus, Ralph Engel, J. Ridky, C. Porowski, H. Schieler, A. Stutz, M. Fernandes, Karl-Heinz Kampert, E. Santos, Antonella Castellina, Denise Boncioli, German Ros, O. Kroemer, Jose Chinellato, P. Lautridou, A. Widom, A. Letessier-Selvon, Lorenzo Cazon, David Wittkowski, G. Salina, Danielle LaHurd, Olivier Deligny, R. Meyhandan, T. Fuji, Martina Bohacova, Patrick Allison, J. Sorokin, B. D. Fox, V. Novotny, Rossella Caruso, A. Lucero, G. La Rosa, S. Mathys, M. Erfani, Octavian Sima, J. G. Gonzalez, D. Lebrun, D. Heck, M. Candusso, Peter Gorham, L. Collica, L. Perrone, Jiri Chudoba, D. Torres Machado, Thomas Harrison, P. Pieroni, F. Arqueros, P. Necesal, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, A. Aab, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, M. Ahler, E. Ahn, I. A. Samarai, I. Albuquerque, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, A. l. Almela, J. A. Castillo, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, R. A. Batista, M. Ambrosio, A. Aminaei, L. s. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, C. Aramo, F. Arquero, H. Asorey, P. Assi, J. Aublin, M. Ave, M. Avenier, G. Avila, A. Badescu, K. Barber, J. Bäuml, C. Bau, J. Beatty, K. Becker, J. Bellido, C. Berat, X. Bertou, P. Biermann, P. Billoir, F. Blanco, M. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. a. Blümer, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, N. Borodai, J. Brack, I. Brancu, P. Brogueira, W. Brown, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, M. Buscemi, K. a. am, B. Caccianiga, L. Caccianiga, M. Candusso, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, A. Chavez, S. Cheng, A. Chiavassa, J. Chinellato, J. Chudoba, M. Cilmo, R. Clay, G. Cocciolo, R. Colalillo, L. Collica, M. Coluccia, R. Conceição, F. Contrera, M. Cooper, S. Coutu, C. Covault, A. Cri, J. Cronin, A. Curutiu, R. a. Dallier, B. Daniel, S. b. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B. Dawson, R. D. Almeida, M. D. Domenico, S. b. De, J. D. Mello, I. D. Mitri, J. D. Oliveira, V. D. Souza, L. D. Peral, O. Deligny, H. Dembinski, N. Dhital, C. D. Giulio, A. D. Matteo, J. Diaz, M. D. Castro, P. Diep, F. Diogo, C. Dobrigkeit, W. Docter, J. D'Olivo, P. b. Dong, A. Dorofeev, Q. D. Hasankiadeh, M. Dova, J. Ebr, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, M. Erfani, C. a. Escobar, J. Espadanal, A. l. Etchegoyen, P. F. San, H. b. bl, K. Fang, G. Farrar, A. Fauth, N. Fazzini, A. Ferguson, M. Fernande, B. Fick, J. Figueira, A. Filevich, A. b. Filipčič, B. Fox, O. Fratu, U. Fröhlich, B. Fuch, T. Fuji, R. Gaior, B. García, S. G. Roca, D. Garcia-Gamez, D. Garcia-Pinto, G. Garilli, A. G. Bravo, F. Gate, H. Gemmeke, P. Ghia, U. Giaccari, M. Giammarchi, M. Giller, C. Glaser, H. Gla, F. G. Albarracin, M. G. Berisso, P. G. Vitale, P. Gonçalve, J. Gonzalez, B. Gookin, A. Gorgi, P. Gorham, P. Gouffon, S. b. Grebe, N. Griffith, A. Grillo, T. Grubb, Y. Guardincerri, F. Guarino, G. Guede, P. Hansen, D. Harari, T. Harrison, J. Harton, A. Haung, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, P. Heimann, A. Herve, G. Hill, C. Hojvat, N. Hollon, E. Holt, P. a. Homola, J. b. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. b. Hrabovský, D. Huber, T. Huege, A. Insolia, P. Isar, K. Islo, I. Jandt, S. b. Jansen, C. Jarne, M. Josebachuili, A. Kääpä, O. Kambeitz, K. Kampert, P. Kasper, I. Katkov, B. Kégl, B. Keilhauer, A. Keivani, E. Kemp, R. Kieckhafer, H. Klage, M. Kleifge, J. Kleinfeller, R. Krause, N. Krohm, O. Krömer, D. Kruppke-Hansen, D. Kuempel, N. Kunka, G. L. Rosa, D. Lahurd, L. Latronico, R. Lauer, M. Lauscher, P. Lautridou, S. L. Coz, M. Leão, D. Lebrun, P. Lebrun, M. L. De, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, K. Link, R. López, A. L. Agüera, K. Louedec, J. L. Bahilo, L. c. Lu, A. Lucero, M. Ludwig, H. Lyberi, M. Maccarone, M. Malacari, S. Maldera, J. Maller, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, A. Mariazzi, V. Marin, I. Mariş, G. Marsella, D. Martello, L. a. Martin, H. Martinez, O. M. Bravo, D. Martraire, J. M. Meza, H. Mathe, S. Mathy, A. Matthew, J. Matthew, G. Matthiae, D. Maurel, D. Maurizio, E. Mayotte, P. Mazur, C. Medina, G. Medina-Tanco, M. Melissa, D. Melo, E. Menichetti, A. Menshikov, S. Messina, R. Meyhandan, S. Mićanović, M. Micheletti, L. Middendorf, I. Minaya, L. Miramonti, B. Mitrica, L. Molina-Bueno, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, D. M. Ragaigne, F. Montanet, C. Morello, J. Moreno, M. Mostafá, C. Moura, M. c. Muller, G. Müller, M. Münchmeyer, R. Mussa, G. Navarra, S. Nava, P. Necesal, L. Nellen, A. b. Nelle, J. Neuser, M. Niechciol, L. Niemietz, T. Niggemann, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, V. Novotny, L. NoŽka, L. Ochilo, A. Olinto, M. Oliveira, M. Ortiz, N. Pacheco, D. P. Selmi-Dei, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, N. Palmieri, P. Papenbreer, G. Parente, A. Parra, S. Pastor, T. c. Paul, M. Pech, J. Pkala, R. Pelayo, I. Pepe, L. Perrone, R. Pesce, E. Petermann, C. Peter, S. c. Petrera, A. Petrolini, Y. Petrov, R. Piegaia, T. Pierog, P. Pieroni, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, M. Plum, A. Porcelli, C. Porowski, R. Prado, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, V. Purrello, E. Quel, S. Querchfeld, S. Quinn, J. Rautenberg, O. Ravel, D. Ravignani, B. Revenu, J. Ridky, S. b. Riggi, M. Risse, P. Ristori, V. Rizi, J. Robert, W. R. De, I. R. Cabo, G. a. Rodriguez, J. R. Rojo, M. Rodríguez-Fría, G. Ro, J. Rosado, T. Rossler, M. Roth, E. Roulet, A. Rovero, C. Rühle, S. Saffi, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, A. Saleh, F. S. Greu, G. Salina, F. Sánchez, P. Sanchez-Luca, C. Santo, E. Santo, F. Sarazin, B. Sarkar, R. Sarmento, R. Sato, N. Scharf, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, P. Schiffer, A. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. b. bo, P. Schovánek, A. Schulz, J. Schulz, S. Sciutto, A. Segreto, M. Settimo, A. Shadkam, R. Shellard, I. Sidelnik, G. Sigl, O. Sima, A. Śmiałkowski, R. Šmída, G. Snow, P. Sommer, J. Sorokin, R. Squartini, Y. Srivastava, S. Stanič, J. Stapleton, J. Stasielak, M. Stephan, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijärvi, A. Supanitsky, M. Sutherland, J. Swain, Z. Szadkowski, M. Szuba, O. Taborda, A. Tapia, M. Tartare, N. Thao, V. Theodoro, J. Tiffenberg, C. b. Timmerman, C. T. Peixoto, G. Toma, L. Tomankova, B. Tomé, A. Tonachini, G. T. Elipe, D. T. Machado, P. Travnicek, E. Trovato, M. Tuero, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J. V. Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, G. V. Aar, A. V. Den, S. V. Velzen, A. V. Vliet, E. Varela, B. V. Cárdena, G. Varner, J. Vázquez, R. Vázquez, D. Veberič, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, M. Videla, L. Villaseñor, B. Vlcek, S. Vorobiov, H. Wahlberg, O. l. Wainberg, D. Walz, A. Watson, M. Weber, K. Weidenhaupt, A. Weindl, F. Werner, B. Whelan, A. Widom, L. Wiencke, B. Wilczyńska, H. Wilczyński, M. Will, C. William, T. Winchen, D. Wittkowski, B. Wundheiler, S. Wyke, T. Yamamoto, T. Yapici, P. Younk, G. Yuan, A. Yushkov, B. Zamorano, E. Za, D. b. Zavrtanik, M. b. Zavrtanik, I. Zaw, A. Zepeda, J. Zhou, Y. Zhu, M. Z. Silva, M. Ziolkowski, Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay ( USN ), Observatoire de Paris-Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes ( SUBATECH ), Mines Nantes ( Mines Nantes ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies ( LPNHE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie ( LPSC ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay ( IPNO ), PIERRE AUGER, ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02/10-LABX-0063,ILP,Institute Lagrange of Paris ( 2011 ), ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02/11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,SUPER ( 2011 ), ANR-2010-COSI-002 (SIMINOLE),ANR-2010-COSI-002 (SIMINOLE), European Project : 246806,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES,EPLANET ( 2011 ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), ANR-11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche(2011), ANR-10-COSI-0002,SIMINOLE,Méthodes de simulations pour des applications de grande échelle en physique expérimentale : inférence statistique, optimisation et apprentissage discriminant(2010), European Project: 246806,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES,EPLANET(2011), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), A., Aab, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, M., Ahler, E., Ahn, I. A., Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, A. l., Almela, J. A., Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, R. A., Batista, M., Ambrosio, A., Aminaei, L. s., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, C., Aramo, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, A., Badescu, K., Barber, J., Bäuml, C., Bau, J., Beatty, K., Becker, J., Bellido, C., Berat, X., Bertou, P., Biermann, P., Billoir, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, Bleve, Carla, H. a., Blümer, M., Boháčová, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, I., Brancu, P., Brogueira, W., Brown, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, M., Buscemi, K. a., Am, B., Caccianiga, L., Caccianiga, M., Candusso, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, A., Chavez, S., Cheng, A., Chiavassa, J., Chinellato, J., Chudoba, M., Cilmo, R., Clay, Cocciolo, Giuseppe, R., Colalillo, L., Collica, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceição, F., Contrera, M., Cooper, S., Coutu, C., Covault, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, R. a., Dallier, B., Daniel, S. b., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B., Dawson, R. D., Almeida, M. D., Domenico, S. b., De, J. D., Mello, DE MITRI, Ivan, J. D., Oliveira, V. D., Souza, L. D., Peral, O., Deligny, H., Dembinski, N., Dhital, C. D., Giulio, A. D., Matteo, J., Diaz, M. D., Castro, P., Diep, F., Diogo, C., Dobrigkeit, W., Docter, J., D'Olivo, P. b., Dong, A., Dorofeev, Q. D., Hasankiadeh, M., Dova, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, M., Erfani, C. a., Escobar, J., Espadanal, A. l., Etchegoyen, P. F., San, H. b., Bl, K., Fang, G., Farrar, A., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A., Ferguson, M., Fernande, B., Fick, J., Figueira, A., Filevich, A. b., Filipčič, B., Fox, O., Fratu, U., Fröhlich, B., Fuch, T., Fuji, R., Gaior, B., García, S. G., Roca, D., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, G., Garilli, A. G., Bravo, F., Gate, H., Gemmeke, P., Ghia, U., Giaccari, M., Giammarchi, M., Giller, C., Glaser, H., Gla, F. G., Albarracin, M. G., Berisso, P. G., Vitale, P., Gonçalve, J., Gonzalez, B., Gookin, A., Gorgi, P., Gorham, P., Gouffon, S. b., Grebe, N., Griffith, A., Grillo, T., Grubb, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G., Guede, P., Hansen, D., Harari, T., Harrison, J., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, P., Heimann, A., Herve, G., Hill, C., Hojvat, N., Hollon, E., Holt, P. a., Homola, J. b., Hörandel, P., Horvath, M. b., Hrabovský, D., Huber, T., Huege, A., Insolia, P., Isar, K., Islo, I., Jandt, S. b., Jansen, C., Jarne, M., Josebachuili, A., Kääpä, O., Kambeitz, K., Kampert, P., Kasper, I., Katkov, B., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, E., Kemp, R., Kieckhafer, H., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, R., Krause, N., Krohm, O., Krömer, D., Kruppke Hansen, D., Kuempel, N., Kunka, G. L., Rosa, D., Lahurd, L., Latronico, R., Lauer, M., Lauscher, P., Lautridou, S. L., Coz, M., Leão, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, M. L., De, A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., López, A. L., Agüera, K., Louedec, J. L., Bahilo, L. c., Lu, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, M., Maccarone, M., Malacari, S., Maldera, J., Maller, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A., Mariazzi, V., Marin, I., Mariş, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, L. a., Martin, H., Martinez, O. M., Bravo, D., Martraire, J. M., Meza, H., Mathe, S., Mathy, A., Matthew, J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurel, D., Maurizio, E., Mayotte, P., Mazur, C., Medina, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, S., Messina, R., Meyhandan, S., Mićanović, M., Micheletti, L., Middendorf, I., Minaya, L., Miramonti, B., Mitrica, L., Molina Bueno, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D. M., Ragaigne, F., Montanet, C., Morello, J., Moreno, M., Mostafá, C., Moura, M. c., Muller, G., Müller, M., Münchmeyer, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, A. b., Nelle, J., Neuser, M., Niechciol, L., Niemietz, T., Niggemann, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, V., Novotny, L., Nožka, L., Ochilo, A., Olinto, M., Oliveira, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D. P., Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, P., Papenbreer, G., Parente, A., Parra, S., Pastor, T. c., Paul, M., Pech, J., Pkala, R., Pelayo, I., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, C., Peter, S. c., Petrera, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, P., Pieroni, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, M., Plum, A., Porcelli, C., Porowski, R., Prado, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, V., Purrello, E., Quel, S., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, S. b., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, V., Rizi, J., Robert, W. R., De, I. R., Cabo, G. a., Rodriguez, J. R., Rojo, M., Rodríguez Fría, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, E., Roulet, A., Rovero, C., Rühle, S., Saffi, A., Saftoiu, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, A., Saleh, F. S., Greu, G., Salina, F., Sánchez, P., Sanchez Luca, C., Santo, E., Santo, F., Sarazin, B., Sarkar, R., Sarmento, R., Sato, N., Scharf, Scherini, Viviana, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H. b., Bo, P., Schovánek, A., Schulz, J., Schulz, S., Sciutto, A., Segreto, M., Settimo, A., Shadkam, R., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, G., Sigl, O., Sima, A., Śmiałkowski, R., Šmída, G., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, R., Squartini, Y., Srivastava, S., Stanič, J., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijärvi, A., Supanitsky, M., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, M., Szuba, O., Taborda, A., Tapia, M., Tartare, N., Thao, V., Theodoro, J., Tiffenberg, C. b., Timmerman, C. T., Peixoto, G., Toma, L., Tomankova, B., Tomé, A., Tonachini, G. T., Elipe, D. T., Machado, P., Travnicek, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. V., Galicia, I., Valiño, L., Valore, G. V., Aar, A. V., Den, S. V., Velzen, A. V., Vliet, E., Varela, B. V., Cárdena, G., Varner, J., Vázquez, R., Vázquez, D., Veberič, V., Verzi, J., Vicha, M., Videla, L., Villaseñor, B., Vlcek, S., Vorobiov, H., Wahlberg, O. l., Wainberg, D., Walz, A., Watson, M., Weber, K., Weidenhaupt, A., Weindl, F., Werner, B., Whelan, A., Widom, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczyńska, H., Wilczyński, M., Will, C., William, T., Winchen, D., Wittkowski, B., Wundheiler, S., Wyke, T., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, B., Zamorano, E., Za, D. b., Zavrtanik, M. b., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, J., Zhou, Y., Zhu, M. Z., Silva, M., Ziolkowski, Ahn, E. ?. J., I., Al Samarai, Albuquerque, I. ?. F. ?. M., A., Almela, J., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Mu?iz, R., Alves Batista, L., Anchordoqui, Aramo, Carla, Badescu, A. ?. M., Barber, K. ?. B., J., B?uml, Beatty, J. ?. J., Becker, K. ?. H., Bellido, J. ?. A., Biermann, P. ?. L., C., Bleve, H., Bl?mer, M., Boh??ov?, Brown, W. ?. C., Buscemi, Mario, Caballero Mora, K. ?. S., Chavez, A. ?. G., Cheng, S. ?. H., Chinellato, J. ?. A., Cilmo, Marco, Clay, R. ?. W., G., Cocciolo, Colalillo, Roberta, Coluccia, M. ?. R., R., Concei??o, Cooper, M. ?. J., Covault, C. ?. E., R., Dallier, S., Dasso, Dawson, B. ?. R., de Almeida, R. ?. M., M., De Domenico, de Jong, S. ?. J., de Mello Neto, J. ?. R. ?. T., I., De Mitri, J., de Oliveira, V., de Souza, L., del Peral, C., Di Giulio, A., Di Matteo, Diaz, J. ?. C., D?az Castro, M. ?. L., Diep, P. ?. N., D?olivo, J. ?. C., Dong, P. ?. N., Q., Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Dova, M. ?. T., Escobar, C. ?. O., A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, Fauth, A. ?. C., Ferguson, A. ?. P., Figueira, J. ?. M., A., Filip?i?, Fox, B. ?. D., U., Fr?hlich, B., Garc?a, Garcia Roca, S. ?. T., A., Gascon Bravo, Ghia, P. ?. L., F., Gomez Albarracin, M., G?mez Berisso, G?mez Vitale, P. ?. F., P., Gon?alve, Gonzalez, J. ?. G., S., Grebe, Grillo, A. ?. F., Grubb, T. ?. D., Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, G. ?. P., Harrison, T. ?. A., Harton, J. ?. L., Herve, A. ?. E., Hill, G. ?. C., P., Homola, H?randel, J. ?. R., M., Hrabovsk?, Isar, P. ?. G., S., Jansen, A., K??p?, Kampert, K. ?. H., B., K?gl, Kieckhafer, R. ?. M., Klages, H. ?. O., O., Kr?mer, G., La Rosa, S., Le Coz, Le?o, M. ?. S. ?. A. ?. B., Leigui de Oliveira, M. ?. A., R., L?pez, A., Lopez Ag?era, J., Lozano Bahilo, L., Lu, Maccarone, M. ?. C., Mariazzi, A. ?. G., Mari?, I. ?. C., G., Marsella, D., Martello, L., Martin, O., Mart?nez Bravo, Mas?as Meza, J. ?. J., Mathes, H. ?. J., Matthews, A. ?. J., Mazur, P. ?. O., S., Mi?anovi?, Micheletti, M. ?. I., Minaya, I. ?. A., D., Monnier Ragaigne, Moreno, J. ?. C., M., Mostaf?, Moura, C. ?. A., Muller, M. ?. A., G., M?ller, M., M?nchmeyer, A., Nelle, L., No?ka, D., Pakk Selmi Dei, T., Paul, J., P?kala, Pepe, I. ?. M., L., Perrone, S., Petrera, Prado, R. ?. R., Quel, E. ?. J., S., Riggi, W., Rodrigues de Carvalho, I., Rodriguez Cabo, G., Rodriguez Fernandez, J., Rodriguez Rojo, Rodr?guez Fr?as, M. ?. D., Rovero, A. ?. C., C., R?hle, Saffi, S. ?. J., F., Salesa Greu, F., S?nchez, Santo, C. ?. E., Santos, E. ?. M., V., Scherini, H., Schoorlemmer, P., Schov?nek, Sciutto, S. ?. J., Shellard, R. ?. C., A., ?mia?kowski, R., ?m?da, Snow, G. ?. R., Srivastava, Y. ?. N., S., Stani?, T., Suomij?rvi, Supanitsky, A. ?. D., Sutherland, M. ?. S., Taborda, O. ?. A., Thao, N. ?. T., Theodoro, V. ?. M., C., Timmerman, Todero Peixoto, C. ?. J., B., Tom?, G., Torralba Elipe, D., Torres Machado, Galicia, J. ?. F. Vald?s., I., Vali?o, Valore, Laura, G., van Aar, van den Berg, A. ?. M., S., van Velzen, A., van Vliet, B., Vargas C?rdena, V?zquez, J. ?. R., V?zquez, R. ?. A., D., Veberi?, L., Villase?or, O., Wainberg, Watson, A. ?. A., Whelan, B. ?. J., B., Wilczy?ska, H., Wilczy?ski, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, and M., Zimbres Silva
Subjects: Astrofísica, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, Ciencias Físicas, muons, hadronic interaction models, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Auger, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Air showers, Production depth, SURFACE DETECTOR ARRAY, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, High-Energy Cosmic Rays, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [ SDU.ASTR.IM ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Pierre Auger Observatory, Observable, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), COSMIC-RAYS, longitudinal development, Core (optical fiber), ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Nuclear and High Energy Physics, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Nuclear physics, cosmic rays, [ PHYS.HEXP ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 0103 physical sciences, extensive air showers, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Zenith, Ciencias Exactas, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [ PHYS.ASTR.HE ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Física, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], ASTROFÍSICA, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astronomía, MODEL, Experimental High Energy Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, [ SDU.ASTR.HE ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], [ PHYS.ASTR.IM ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], muonic component, SYSTEM
Abstract: The surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory provides information about the longitudinal development of the muonic component of extensive air showers. Using the timing information from the flash analog-to-digital converter traces of surface detectors far from the shower core, it is possible to reconstruct a muon production depth distribution. We characterize the goodness of this reconstruction for zenith angles around 60° and different energies of the primary particle. From these distributions, we define Xμmax as the depth along the shower axis where the production of muons reaches maximum. We explore the potentiality of Xμmax as a useful observable to infer the mass composition of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays. Likewise, we assess its ability to constrain hadronic interaction models., La lista completa de autores que integran el documento puede consultarse en el archivo., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Física La Plata
Published: 2014

44. The exposure of the hybrid detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: E. J. Ahn, B. Rouillé-D'Orfeuil, J. Knapp, A. Lopez Agüera, Maria-Teresa Dova, F. Guarino, John Matthews, Peter Buchholz, T. Huege, A. Parra, E. Petermann, H. Glass, Marco Aglietta, A. F. Barbosa, D. Nosek, T. Yamamoto, D. Nitz, D. García Gámez, Miroslav Pech, B. García, M. S. Sutherland, A. Filipcic, R. F. Gamarra, E. Moreno, S. R. Gozzini, Sofia Andringa, Mario Scuderi, Tobias Winchen, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Carola Dobrigkeit, I. Valiño, Christopher Morris, M. A. Muller, G. Marsella, M. S. A. B. Leão, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, D. Schuster, B. Kégl, Fabian Schmidt, P. Wahrlich, C. Macolino, C. Hojvat, Jan Ebr, M. Melissas, H.O. Klages, Alan Watson, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, K. B. Barber, G. Salina, Olivier Deligny, R. E. Burton, S. Mićanović, B. M. Baughman, G. Rodriguez, J. Alvarez Castillo, F. Sarazin, K. Link, U. Fröhlich, C. De Donato, Miguel Mostafá, Martin Erdmann, L. Valore, J. Allen, A. P. Ferguson, J. G. Gonzalez, V. C. Holmes, D. Lebrun, I. Dutan, Ugo Giaccari, Dariusz Gora, G. P. Guedes, A. Gorgi, A. Shadkam, M. Palatka, J. Pe¸kala, A. Śmiałkowski, P. Karhan, V. Scherini, A. Lemiere, P. W. Younk, B. Keilhauer, Roger W Clay, M. Urban, Miroslav Hrabovský, A. Haungs, G. Navarra, F. Schüssler, C. Timmermans, B. Zamorano, A. C. Rovero, C. Bleve, K. Louedec, P. Gonçalves, Mariangela Settimo, S. J. Sciutto, D. Maurizio, J. C. Moreno, J. L. Harton, Alexey Yushkov, Azadeh Keivani, J. Oehlschläger, Markus Roth, Paul Sommers, N. Palmieri, A. F. Grillo, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, C. Aramo, S. L.C. Barroso, T. Pierog, Dusan Mandat, O. Tascau, Brian Fick, P. Mantsch, A.M. van den Berg, K. Payet, Darko Veberič, D. Heck, Aaron S. Chou, Jose Chinellato, Pham Ngoc Diep, D. Allard, P. Lautridou, A. C. Fauth, S. Jiraskova, F. Kuehn, S. Mollerach, E. Menichetti, P. Gouffon, P. N. Dong, M. J. Cooper, Heino Falcke, Z. Szadkowski, T. Rossler, Vasiliki Pavlidou, P. L. Ghia, Osvaldo Catalano, J. R. Vázquez, Piotr Homola, P. Facal San Luis, E. Roulet, G. Wieczorek, M. Stephan, R. M. Kieckhafer, J. W. Cronin, A. Menshikov, G. Matthiae, H. Spinka, J. D. Hague, F. Sánchez, M. Ambrosio, M. De Domenico, T. Schmidt, P. Hansen, A. Chiavassa, Vincenzo Rizi, A. E. Herve, A. Letessier-Selvon, J. Rautenberg, H. Schieler, D. Martello, H. Lyberis, C. Riviere, R. Ulrich, J. D. Swain, M. G. Winnick, L. R. Wiencke, Antonio Bueno, Sergio Pastor, B. Revenu, Karl-Heinz Kampert, T. Tarutina, J. Rosado, O. Krömer, J. Petrovic, H. J. Mathes, O. Wainberg, Antonella Castellina, E. Strazzeri, M. Ziolkowski, Domenico Tegolo, M. Ludwig, K. Weidenhaupt, Lorenzo Cazon, M. Risse, Jörg R. Hörandel, T. Bergmann, R. Bonino, Nataliia Borodai, Carla Bonifazi, Jose A. Bellido, Marcos Santander, M. Prouza, O. Martínez Bravo, V. H. Ponce, P. Abreu, I. M. Pepe, Maria Rita Coluccia, I. Lhenry-Yvon, G. Golup, J. Kleinfeller, F. Suarez, N. Kunka, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, Sergio Dasso, H. Blümer, G. De La Vega, L. Perrone, Jiri Chudoba, Denis Tcherniakhovski, Gualberto Avila, Ingomar Allekotte, M. Pimenta, D. Ravignani, B. Wilczyńska, Warner A. Miller, R. M. de Almeida, A. Horneffer, P. Petrinca, W. C. Brown, N. Scharf, V. Pirronello, N. T. Thao, Angela V. Olinto, M. Monasor, Luis A. Anchordoqui, G. Parente, M. Ave, E. Trovato, Daniel Kuempel, M. Gómez Berisso, Carlos Escobar, A. Creusot, R. C. Shellard, K. Kotera, J. Stapleton, J. Rodriguez Rojo, S. Maldera, E. Kemp, S. Dagoret-Campagne, A. Tonachini, M. Platino, H. R. Marquez Falcon, A. Tamashiro, F. Arqueros, D. Monnier Ragaigne, S. Harmsma, A. Tapia, P. Necesal, L. Nožka, H. Gemmeke, Enrique Zas, A. D. Supanitsky, Y. Petrov, Hernán Asorey, P. Brogueira, C. Pfendner, D.V. Semikoz, M. Unger, Martina Bohacova, S. Westerhoff, J. Sorokin, T. Bäcker, D. Warner, C. E. Santo, R. D. Parsons, M. Wommer, Graciela B. Gelmini, J. Lozano Bahilo, Segev BenZvi, Kai Daumiller, M. Grigat, P. Lebrun, A. Schmidt, H. Wahlberg, B. R. Becker, G. Tristram, T. Šuša, C. Di Giulio, N. Pacheco, F. Ionita, Fernando Contreras, Corbin Covault, R. Bruijn, Francisco J. Blanco, M. Ortiz, V. Marin, B. Gookin, B. Morales, I. Rodriguez-Cabo, D. Harari, Alessandro Petrolini, D. Kruppke-Hansen, Nicolás G. Busca, M. I. Micheletti, Lino Miramonti, S. J. De Jong, J. Chauvin, I. Zaw, D. B. Tridapalli, F. Gomez Albarracin, R. Mussa, J. J. Beatty, M. Avenier, A. Segreto, D. Thomas, B. Wundheiler, Gregory R Snow, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, A. Cordier, J. Coppens, Rossella Caruso, Pietro Oliva, A. Lucero, G. La Rosa, B. Vargas Cárdenas, Maria Concetta Maccarone, H. Dembinski, N. Fazzini, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, J. F. Valdés Galicia, K. H. Becker, R. Cester, B. J. Whelan, X. Garrido, I. De Mitri, E. J. Quel, S. Mueller, T. Hebbeker, Julien Aublin, K. Gesterling, Radomir Smida, Béatrice Fuchs, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, T. Karova, A. Filevich, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, R. Tcaciuc, A. Ferrero, F. Schroeder, F. Montanet, R. Pesce, J. C. dos Anjos, A. Bellétoile, J. Schovancova, G. Decerprit, A. Anzalone, V. de Souza, L. Villaseñor, L. Martin, D. Garcia-Pinto, P. T. Nhung, I. C. Mariş, Rúben Conceição, S. Fliescher, P. Ristori, V. M. Olmos-Gilbaja, Rémi Bardenet, Petr Travnicek, P. Schiffer, S. Schulte, A. Curutiu, S. Gambetta, C. Lachaud, A. Italiano, R. Piegaia, M. Zavrtanik, N. Nierstenhoefer, A. G. Mariazzi, C. Robledo, A. Aminaei, J. A.J. Matthews, Xavier Bertou, K. Arisaka, A. Zepeda, Pedro Assis, E. Colombo, L. Caramete, M. Will, A. Etchegoyen, K. Kadija, Javier Tiffenberg, W. Tkaczyk, Ivor Fleck, Petr Schovanek, G. Yuan, E. Grashorn, S. Riggi, A. Denkiewicz, T. Antičić, H. Schoorlemmer, E. Santos, A. Dorofeev, Guenter Sigl, M. Blanco, R. Pelayo, S. Navas, J. L. Kelley, E. D. Fraenkel, R. A. Vázquez, D. K. Tiwari, P. A. Kasper, L. Winders, S. Grebe, S. Petrera, R. Squartini, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, T. Paul, M. Nyklicek, N. Phan, M. Pontz, G. Medina-Tanco, Subir Sarkar, A. Gascon, Tonia M. Venters, Denise Boncioli, A. Criss, C. J. Todero Peixoto, German Ros, N. Krohm, L. Nellen, C. Morello, K. D. de Vries, H. Wilczyński, Matthias Balzer, P. Billoir, M. Tueros, L. del Peral, W. Fulgione, O. Ravel, Peter L. Biermann, W. J. M. de Mello Junior, J. Rodriguez Martino, Paolo Privitera, M. Gold, H. Rivera, Daniel Omar Badagnani, D. Melo, U. Cotti, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, R. Sato, J. Parrisius, A. Weindl, Iván Sidelnik, M. Kaducak, G. Cataldi, V. Verzi, C. Meurer, H. Cook, J. K. Kulbartz, E. M. Santos, Bruce R. Dawson, P.O. Mazur, A. Della Selva, J. L. Navarro, Ernesto Arganda, C. E. Fracchiolla, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, D. D'Urso, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, Daniel Gonzalez, M. Videla, E. Parizot, J. C. Diaz, R. Dallier, F. Salamida, Y. Guardincerri, B. Tome, M. McEwen, Moritz Münchmeyer, Christopher B. Williams, Ralph Engel, D. H. Koang, J. Ridky, A. Stutz, APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), APC - THEORIE, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), PIERRE AUGER, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut für theoretische Physik, KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, E. J., Ahn, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, J., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, M., Ambrosio, A., Aminaei, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, T., Anticic, A., Anzalone, C., Aramo, E., Arganda, K., Arisaka, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, T., Bäcker, D., Badagnani, M., Balzer, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, R., Bardenet, S. L. C., Barroso, B., Baughman, J. J., Beatty, B. R., Becker, K. H., Becker, A., Bellétoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, T., Bergmann, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, Bleve, Carla, H., Blümer, M., Bohácová, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, R., Bruijn, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, R. E., Burton, N. G., Busca, K. S., Caballero Mora, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, A., Chou, J., Chudoba, R. W., Clay, E., Colombo, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceição, F., Contrera, H., Cook, M. J., Cooper, J., Coppen, A., Cordier, U., Cotti, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, S., Dagoret Campagne, R., Dallier, S., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, M., De Domenico, C., De Donato, S. J., de Jong, G., De La Vega, W. J. M., de Mello Junior, J. R. T., de Mello Neto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., de Souza, K. D., de Vrie, G., Decerprit, L., del Peral, O., Deligny, A., Della Selva, H., Dembinski, A., Denkiewicz, C., Di Giulio, J. C., Diaz, M. L., Díaz Castro, P. N., Diep, C., Dobrigkeit, J. C., D'Olivo, P. N., Dong, A., Dorofeev, J. C., dos Anjo, M. T., Dova, D., D'Urso, I., Dutan, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C. O., Escobar, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A. P., Ferguson, A., Ferrero, B., Fick, A., Filevich, A., Filipcic, I., Fleck, S., Fliescher, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel, U., Fröhlich, B., Fuch, W., Fulgione, R. F., Gamarra, S., Gambetta, B., García, D., García Gámez, D., Garcia Pinto, X., Garrido, A., Gascon, G., Gelmini, H., Gemmeke, K., Gesterling, P. L., Ghia, U., Giaccari, M., Giller, H., Gla, L. M., Goggin, M. S., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gómez Berisso, P., Gonçalve, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, B., Gookin, D., Góra, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, S. R., Gozzini, E., Grashorn, S., Grebe, M., Grigat, A. F., Grillo, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, J. D., Hague, P., Hansen, D., Harari, S., Harmsma, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, A. E., Herve, C., Hojvat, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, J. R., Hörandel, A., Horneffer, M., Hrabovský, T., Huege, M., Hussain, A., Insolia, F., Ionita, A., Italiano, S., Jiraskova, K., Kadija, M., Kaducak, K. H., Kampert, P., Karhan, T., Karova, P., Kasper, B., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, J. L., Kelley, E., Kemp, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, K., Kotera, N., Krohm, O., Krömer, D., Kruppke Hansen, F., Kuehn, D., Kuempel, J. K., Kulbartz, N., Kunka, G., La Rosa, C., Lachaud, P., Lautridou, M. S. A. B., Leão, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, M. A., Leigui de Oliveira, A., Lemiere, A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., López, A., Lopez Agüera, K., Louedec, J., Lozano Bahilo, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, S., Maldera, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, V., Marin, I. C., Mari, H. R., Marquez Falcon, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, L., Martin, O., Martínez Bravo, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, J. A. J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, M., Mcewen, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, C., Meurer, S., Micanovic, M. I., Micheletti, W., Miller, L., Miramonti, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, E., Moreno, J. C., Moreno, C., Morri, M., Mostafá, S., Mueller, M. A., Muller, R., Mussa, G., Navarra ‡, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, P. T., Nhung, N., Nierstenhoefer, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nožka, M., Nyklicek, J., Oehlschläger, A., Olinto, P., Oliva, V. M., Olmos Gilbaja, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D., Pakk Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, G., Parente, E., Parizot, A., Parra, J., Parrisiu, R. D., Parson, S., Pastor, T., Paul, V., Pavlidou c, K., Payet, M., Pech, J., Pekala, R., Pelayo, I. M., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, P., Petrinca, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, J., Petrovic, C., Pfendner, N., Phan, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, V. H., Ponce, M., Pontz, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, C., Rivière, V., Rizi, C., Robledo, G., Rodriguez, J., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, I., Rodriguez Cabo, M. D., Rodríguez Fría, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, B., Rouillé d'Orfeuil, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, G., Salina, F., Sánchez, M., Santander, C. E., Santo, E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, N., Scharf, V., Scherini, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, J., Schovancova, P., Schovánek, F., Schroeder, S., Schulte, F., Schüssler, D., Schuster, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, D., Semikoz, Settimo, Mariangela, A., Shadkam, R. C., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, G., Sigl, A., Smialkowski, R., Šmída, G. R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, J., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, E., Strazzeri, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijärvi, A. D., Supanitsky, T., Šuša, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, A., Tamashiro, A., Tapia, T., Tarutina, O., Tascau, R., Tcaciuc, D., Tcherniakhovski, D., Tegolo, N. T., Thao, D., Thoma, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, D. K., Tiwari, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Todero Peixoto, B., Tomé, A., Tonachini, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, G., Tristram, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. F., Valdés Galicia, I., Valiño, L., Valore, A. M., van den Berg, B., Vargas Cárdena, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Vázquez, D., Veberic, T., Venter, V., Verzi, M., Videla, L., Villaseñor, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Warner, A. A., Watson, K., Weidenhaupt, A., Weindl, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczynska, H., Wilczynski, M., Will, C., William, T., Winchen, L., Winder, M. G., Winnick, M., Wommer, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto a, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, B., Zamorano, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw, A., Zepeda, M., Ziolkowski, Guarino, Fausto, D'Urso, Domenico, Valore, Laura, Aramo, Carla, DELLA SELVA, Angelo, A. V., Yushkov, The Pierre Auger, Collaboration, Abreu, P, Aglietta, M, Ahn, E.J, Allard, D, Allekotte, I, Allen, J, Alvarez Castillo, J, Alvarez-Muñiz, J, Ambrosio, M, Aminaei, A, Anchordoqui, L, Andringa, S, Antičić, T, Anzalone, A, Aramo, C, Arganda, E, Arisaka, K, Arqueros, F, Asorey, H, Assis, P, Aublin, J, Ave, M, Avenier, M, Avila, G, Bäcker, T, Badagnani, D, Balzer, M, Barber, K.B, Barbosa, A.F, Bardenet, R, Barroso, S.L.C, Baughman, B, Beatty, J.J, Becker, B.R, Becker, K.H, Bellétoile, A, Bellido, J.A, Benzvi, S, Berat, C, Bergmann, T, Bertou, X, Biermann, P.L, Billoir, P, Blanco, F, Blanco, M, Bleve, C, Blümer, H, Boháčová, M, Boncioli, D, Bonifazi, C, Bonino, R, Borodai, N, Brack, J, Brogueira, P, Brown, W.C, Bruijn, R, Buchholz, P, Bueno, A, Burton, R.E, Busca, N.G, Caballero-Mora, K.S, Caramete, L, Caruso, R, Castellina, A, Catalano, O, Cataldi, G, Cazon, L, Cester, R, Chauvin, J, Chiavassa, A, Chinellato, J.A, Chou, A, Chudoba, J, Clay, R.W, Colombo, E, Coluccia, M.R, Conceião, R, Contreras, F, Cook, H, Cooper, M.J, Coppens, J, Cordier, A, Cotti, U, Coutu, S, Covault, C.E, Creusot, A, Criss, A, Cronin, J, Curutiu, A, Dagoret-Campagne, S, Dallier, R, Dasso, S, Daumiller, K, Dawson, B.R, De Almeida, R.M, De Domenico, M, De Donato, C, De Jong, S.J, De La Vega, G, De Mello Junior, W.J.M, De Mello Neto, J.R.T, De Mitri, I, De Souza, V, De Vries, K.D, Decerprit, G, Del Peral, L, Deligny, O, Della Selva, A, Dembinski, H, Denkiewicz, A, Di Giulio, C, Diaz, J.C, Díaz Castro, M.L, Diep, P.N, Dobrigkeit, C, D'Olivo, J.C, Dong, P.N, Dorofeev, A, Dos Anjos, J.C, Dova, M.T, D'Urso, D, Dutan, I, Ebr, J, Engel, R, Erdmann, M, Escobar, C.O, Etchegoyen, A, Facal San Luis, P, Falcke, H, Farrar, G, Fauth, A.C, Fazzini, N, Ferguson, A.P, Ferrero, A, Fick, B, Filevich, A, Filipčič, A, Fleck, I, Fliescher, S, Fracchiolla, C.E, Fraenkel, E.D, Fröhlich, U, Fuchs, B, Fulgione, W, Gamarra, R.F, Gambetta, S, García, B, García Gámez, D, Garcia-Pinto, D, Garrido, X, Gascon, A, Gelmini, G, Gemmeke, H, Gesterling, K, Ghia, P.L, Giaccari, U, Giller, M, Glass, H, Gold, M.S, Golup, G, Gomez Albarracin, F, Gómez Berisso, M, Gonalves, P, Gonzalez, D, Gonzalez, J.G, Gookin, B, Góra, D, Gorgi, A, Gouffon, P, Gozzini, S.R, Grashorn, E, Grebe, S, Grigat, M, Grillo, A.F, Guardincerri, Y, Guarino, F, Guedes, G.P, Hague, J.D, Hansen, P, Harari, D, Harmsma, S, Harton, J.L, Haungs, A, Hebbeker, T, Heck, D, Herve, A.E, Hojvat, C, Holmes, V.C, Homola, P, Hörandel, J.R, Horneffer, A, Hrabovský, M, Huege, T, Insolia, A, Ionita, F, Italiano, A, Jiraskova, S, Kadija, K, Kaducak, M, Kampert, K.H, Karhan, P, Karova, T, Kasper, P, Kégl, B, Keilhauer, B, Keivani, A, Kelley, J.L, Kemp, E, Kieckhafer, R.M, Klages, H.O, Kleifges, M, Kleinfeller, J, Knapp, J, Koang, D.-H, Kotera, K, Krohm, N, Krömer, O, Kruppke-Hansen, D, Kuehn, F, Kuempel, D, Kulbartz, J.K, Kunka, N, La Rosa, G, Lachaud, C, Lautridou, P, Leão, M.S.A.B, Lebrun, D, Lebrun, P, Leigui De Oliveira, M.A, Lemiere, A, Letessier-Selvon, A, Lhenry-Yvon, I, Link, K, López, R, Lopez Agüera, A, Louedec, K, Lozano Bahilo, J, Lucero, A, Ludwig, M, Lyberis, H, MacCarone, M.C, MacOlino, C, Maldera, S, Mandat, D, Mantsch, P, Mariazzi, A.G, Marin, V, Maris, I.C, Marquez Falcon, H.R, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Martin, L, Martínez Bravo, O, Mathes, H.J, Matthews, J, Matthews, J.A.J, Matthiae, G, Maurizio, D, Mazur, P.O, McEwen, M, Medina-Tanco, G, Melissas, M, Melo, D, Menichetti, E, Menshikov, A, Meurer, C, Mičanović, S, Micheletti, M.I, Miller, W, Miramonti, L, Mollerach, S, Monasor, M, Monnier Ragaigne, D, Montanet, F, Morales, B, Morello, C, Moreno, E, Moreno, J.C, Morris, C, Mostafá, M, Mueller, S, Muller, M.A, Münchmeyer, M, Mussa, R, Navarra, G, Navarro, J.L, Navas, S, Necesal, P, Nellen, L, Nhung, P.T, Nierstenhoefer, N, Nitz, D, Nosek, D, Nožka, L, Nyklicek, M, Oehlschläger, J, Olinto, A, Oliva, P, Olmos-Gilbaja, V.M, Ortiz, M, Pacheco, N, Pakk Selmi-Dei, D, Palatka, M, Pallotta, J, Palmieri, N, Parente, G, Parizot, E, Parra, A, Parrisius, J, Parsons, R.D, Pastor, S, Paul, T, Pavlidou, V, Payet, K, Pech, M, Pȩkala, J, Pelayo, R, Pepe, I.M, Perrone, L, Pesce, R, Petermann, E, Petrera, S, Petrinca, P, Petrolini, A, Petrov, Y, Petrovic, J, Pfendner, C, Phan, N, Piegaia, R, Pierog, T, Pimenta, M, Pirronello, V, Platino, M, Ponce, V.H, Pontz, M, Privitera, P, Prouza, M, Quel, E.J, Rautenberg, J, Ravel, O, Ravignani, D, Revenu, B, Ridky, J, Riggi, S, Risse, M, Ristori, P, Rivera, H, Rivire, C, Rizi, V, Robledo, C, Rodriguez, G, Rodriguez Martino, J, Rodriguez Rojo, J, Rodriguez-Cabo, I, Rodríguez-Frías, M.D, Ros, G, Rosado, J, Rossler, T, Roth, M, Rouillé-D'Orfeuil, B, Roulet, E, Rovero, A.C, Salamida, F, Salazar, H, Salina, G, Sánchez, F, Santander, M, Santo, C.E, Santos, E, Santos, E.M, Sarazin, F, Sarkar, S, Sato, R, Scharf, N, Scherini, V, Schieler, H, Schiffer, P, Schmidt, A, Schmidt, F, Schmidt, T, Scholten, O, Schoorlemmer, H, Schovancova, J, Schovánek, P, Schroeder, F, Schulte, S, Schüssler, F, Schuster, D, Sciutto, S.J, Scuderi, M, Segreto, A, Semikoz, D, Settimo, M, Shadkam, A, Shellard, R.C, Sidelnik, I, Sigl, G, Śmiałkowski, A, Šmída, R, Snow, G.R, Sommers, P, Sorokin, J, Spinka, H, Squartini, R, Stapleton, J, Stasielak, J, Stephan, M, Strazzeri, E, Stutz, A, Suarez, F, Suomijärvi, T, Supanitsky, A.D, Šuša, T, Sutherland, M.S, Swain, J, Szadkowski, Z, Tamashiro, A, Tapia, A, Tarutina, T, Tacu, O, Tcaciuc, R, Tcherniakhovski, D, Tegolo, D, Thao, N.T, Thomas, D, Tiffenberg, J, Timmermans, C, Tiwari, D.K, Tkaczyk, W, Todero Peixoto, C.J, Tomé, B, Tonachini, A, Travnicek, P, Tridapalli, D.B, Tristram, G, Trovato, E, Tueros, M, Ulrich, R, Unger, M, Urban, M, Valdés Galicia, J.F, Valiño, I, Valore, L, Van Den Berg, A.M, Vargas Cárdenas, B, Vázquez, J.R, Vázquez, R.A, Veberič, D, Venters, T, Verzi, V, Videla, M, Villaseñor, L, Wahlberg, H, Wahrlich, P, Wainberg, O, Warner, D, Watson, A.A, Weidenhaupt, K, Weindl, A, Westerhoff, S, Whelan, B.J, Wieczorek, G, Wiencke, L, Wilczyńska, B, Wilczyński, H, Will, M, Williams, C, Winchen, T, Winders, L, Winnick, M.G, Wommer, M, Wundheiler, B, Yamamoto, T, Younk, P, Yuan, G, Yushkov, A, Zamorano, B, Zas, E, Zavrtanik, D, Zavrtanik, M, Zaw, I, Zepeda, A, Ziolkowski, M., Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut für theoretische Physik
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Coincidence, Auger, Fluorescence detector, Data acquisition, Auger experiment, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, FÍSICA DE PARTÍCULAS, Settore INF/01 - Informatica, Cascada atmosférica extensa, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Pierre Auger Observatory, ultra high energy cosmic rays, extensive air showers, trigger, exposure, fluorescence detector, hybrid, ENERGY-SPECTRUM, Radiación cósmica, SIMULATION, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Fluorescencia, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Extensive air shower, Measure (physics), FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Cosmic Ray, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Ultra high energy cosmic ray, Exposure, Nuclear physics, Optics, SHOWERS, 0103 physical sciences, Extensive air showers, 010306 general physics, Ciencias Exactas, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Ultra high energy cosmic rays, Hybrid, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], flux, Trigger, Experimental High Energy Physics, business, SYSTEM
Abstract: The Pierre Auger Observatory is a detector for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. It consists of a surface array to measure secondary particles at ground level and a fluorescence detector to measure the development of air showers in the atmosphere above the array. The ‘‘hybrid” detection mode combines the information from the two subsystems. We describe the determination of the hybrid exposure for events observed by the fluorescence telescopes in coincidence with at least one water-Cherenkov detector of the surface array. A detailed knowledge of the time dependence of the detection operations is crucial for an accurate evaluation of the exposure. We discuss the relevance of monitoring data collected during operations, such as the status of the fluorescence detector, background light and atmospheric conditions, that are used in both simulation and reconstruction., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
Published: 2011

45. Search for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay with the GERDA experiment: Phase II

Author: Christian Bauer, A. Lubashevskiy, Oliver Schulz, Alberto Pullia, V. I. Gurentsov, I. R. Barabanov, M. Heisel, C. Macolino, A. Garfagnini, S. V. Zhukov, M. Balata, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, J. Schreiner, L. Vanhoefer, T. Bode, E. Doroshkevich, R. Brugnera, M. Salathe, V. V. Kazalov, V. V. Kuzminov, J. Janicsko, Manfred Lindner, T. Wester, Matteo Agostini, A.A. Smolnikov, D. R. Zinatulina, Matthias Laubenstein, C. Cattadori, Kai Zuber, Allen Caldwell, Ivano Lippi, V. Egorov, Josef Jochum, D. Palioselitis, A. Kish, S. Schoenert, K. N. Gusev, A. K. Schuetz, E. Medinaceli, V. Wagner, O. Selivanenko, J. Janicskó Csáthy, Marcin Wójcik, V. D'Andrea, W. Maneschg, C. Gooch, E. A. Yanovich, K. T. Knoepfle, Cinzia Sada, P. Grabmayr, Stefano Riboldi, A. A. Vasenko, K. von Sturm, Giovanni Benato, A. Lazzaro, A. Domula, A. Hegai, E. V. Demidova, Mikael Hult, I. Zhitnikov, M. Misiaszek, B. Schwingenheuer, B. Lehnert, G. Zuzel, C. Wiesinger, R. Mingazheva, M. Shirchenko, M. Allardt, N. Di Marco, V. I. Lebedev, V.B. Brudanin, Hardy Simgen, V. N. Kornoukhov, K. Pelczar, S. Hemmer, Alessandro Bettini, P. Moseev, Luciano Pandola, R. Kneissl, A. Kirsch, S. Belogurov, A. A. Klimenko, Laura Baudis, A. V. Veresnikova, J. Hakenmüller, Guillaume Lutter, A. M. Bakalyarov, D. Borowicz, A. Chernogorov, N. Rumyantseva, K. Panas, B. Schneider, H. Y. Liao, Werner Hofmann, R. Falkenstein, I. V. Kirpichnikov, Luca Stanco, C. Schmitt, M. Miloradovic, A. Wegmann, Igor Nemchenok, F. Salamida, Bela Majorovits, M. Junker, L. B. Bezrukov, E. Shevchik, Thomas Kihm, E. Bellotti, N. Frodyma, O.I. Kochetov, S. T. Belyaev, A. M. Gangapshev, and L. V. Inzhechik
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, chemistry, Double beta decay, Liquid argon, Underground laboratory, Phase (waves), chemistry.chemical_element, Germanium, Sensitivity (control systems), Energy (signal processing), Semiconductor detector
Abstract: The GERmanium Detector Array (GERDA) experiment, located at the Gran Sasso underground laboratory in Italy, is built for the search of $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay in $^{76}$Ge. GERDA operates bare high purity germanium detectors submersed in liquid Argon (LAr). Phase I of the experiment was completed reaching an exposure of about 21 kg$\cdot$yr with a background level of $10^{-2}$ cts/(ke V $\cdot$ kg $\cdot$ yr). GERDA Phase I set a limit on the $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay of $^{76}$Ge of $T_{1/2}^{0\nu} > 2.1 \cdot 10^{25}$ yr. In Phase II 35 kg of germanium detectors enriched in $^{76}$Ge are operated to reach an exposure of 100 kg$\cdot$yr. The design goal is to reduce the background by one order of magnitude to reach the sensitivity for $T_{1/2}^{0\nu} = \mathcal{O} (10^{26} )$ yr. The Phase II setup comprises thirty newly produced Broad Energy Germanium (BEGe) detectors. They contribute to the background reduction with better energy resolution and enhanced pulse shape discrimination. To achieve the necessary background reduction, the setup was complemented with LAr veto. The hardware upgrade for Phase II was finished and all detectors were deployed in December 2015. We present the first results of Phase II with 10.8 kg$\cdot$yr exposure reached in June 2016.
Published: 2017

46. Study of the GERDA Phase II background spectrum

Author: V. I. Gurentsov, R. Kneißl, V. G. Egorov, D. Palioselitis, V. D'Andrea, M. Balata, E. Shevzik, L. Vanhoefer, L. B. Bezrukov, V. B. Brudanin, M. Allardt, Matthias Laubenstein, A. V. Veresnikova, M. Salathe, M. Junker, M. M. Wojcik, C. Schmitt, R. Mingazheva, BayarJon Paul Lubsandorzhiev, V. Kazalov, C. Cattadori, B. Schwingenheuer, J. Janicskó Csáthy, A. Domula, R. Brugnera, A. Kish, L. V. Inzhechik, A. Lubashevskiy, A. Kirsch, Oliver Schulz, V. V. Kuzminov, Alessandro Bettini, V. Wagner, I. Zhitnikov, W. Maneschg, E. A. Yanovich, Matteo Agostini, Alberto Pullia, M. Miloradovic, A. Wegmann, C. Bauer, Igor Nemchenok, V. I. Lebedev, A. Garfagnini, Manfred Lindner, L. Stanco, Stefano Riboldi, Bela Majorovits, D. Borowicz, A. Chernogorov, E. Medinaceli, Allen Caldwell, Laura Baudis, I.V. Kirpichnikov, A.A. Vasenko, O. Selivanenko, I. R. Barabanov, B. Lehnert, S. V. Zhukov, Hardy Simgen, E.V. Demidova, S. Belogurov, M. Misiaszek, H. Y. Liao, K. Panas, D. R. Zinatulina, K. N. Gusev, K. T. Knöpfle, C. Gooch, K. von Sturm, E. Bellotti, A.-K. Schütz, Stefan Schönert, A. Hegai, N. Di Marco, E. Doroshkevich, F. Salamida, Cinzia Sada, Giovanni Benato, J. Hakenmüller, Ivano Lippi, C. Wiesinger, Werner Hofmann, Mikael Hult, M. Shirchenko, G. Zuzel, T. Bode, R. Falkenstein, Jochen Schreiner, S. Hemmer, K. Pelczar, Guillaume Lutter, B. Schneider, A. M. Bakalyarov, P. Grabmayr, J. Jochum, T. Wester, A.A. Smolnikov, A. Lazzaro, Kai Zuber, V.N. Kornoukhov, O.I. Kochetov, S. T. Belyaev, A. M. Gangapshev, Th. Kihm, P. Moseev, Luciano Pandola, A. A. Klimenko, M. Heisel, N. Rumyantseva, C. Macolino, and N. Frodyma
Subjects: Physics, History, Background spectrum, Physics and Astronomy (all), Phase (waves), Nuclear Matrix, Astrophysics, Beta Decay, Bolometers, Beta Decay, Bolometers, Nuclear Matrix, Computer Science Applications, Education
Published: 2017

47. Limits on uranium and thorium bulk content in GERDA Phase I detectors

Author: V. N. Kornoukhov, K. Pelczar, Guillaume Lutter, A. M. Bakalyarov, K. Panas, R. Falkenstein, Jochen Schreiner, C. Schmitt, D. Palioselitis, V. G. Egorov, Allen Caldwell, K. T. Knöpfle, M. Salathe, T. Wester, O. Fedorova, V. I. Gurentsov, B. Lehnert, M. Balata, N. Frodyma, E. Medinaceli, L. Vanhoefer, K. von Sturm, T. Bode, A.A. Smolnikov, C. Cattadori, Kai Zuber, Laura Baudis, Cinzia Sada, Alessandro Bettini, O.I. Kochetov, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, A. Kish, R. Mingazheva, K. Freund, Marcin Wójcik, Stefano Riboldi, M. Junker, P. Grabmayr, H. Y. Liao, B. Schwingenheuer, Giovanni Benato, A.-K. Schütz, G. Zuzel, A. Hegai, S. T. Belyaev, V. D'Andrea, M. Misiaszek, C. Wiesinger, J. Jochum, A. M. Gangapshev, M. Shirchenko, V. V. Kazalov, E. V. Demidova, I. R. Barabanov, P. Moseev, Thomas Kihm, K. N. Gusev, D. R. Zinatulina, Luciano Pandola, V. I. Lebedev, A. A. Klimenko, S. V. Zhukov, M. Allardt, R. Brugnera, Stefan Schönert, L. B. Bezrukov, S. Belogurov, M. Heisel, Mikael Hult, E. Shevchik, V. V. Kuzminov, N. Rumyantseva, Matteo Agostini, Christian Bauer, A. Kirsch, A. Wegmann, Manfred Lindner, S. Hemmer, Igor Nemchenok, L. V. Inzhechik, A. Lubashevskiy, E. Doroshkevich, Bela Majorovits, W. Maneschg, A. Lazzaro, A. di Vacri, I. V. Kirpichnikov, Werner Hofmann, A. Domula, E. A. Yanovich, C. Macolino, M. Walter, B. Schneider, O. Selivanenko, R. Kneißl, Ivano Lippi, L. Stanco, V.B. Brudanin, N. Becerici-Schmidt, Hardy Simgen, E. Bellotti, D. Borowicz, M. Stepaniuk, J. Hakemüller, A. V. Veresnikova, J. Janicskó Csáthy, A. Chernogorov, I. Zhitnikov, F. Salamida, Oliver Schulz, Alberto Pullia, A. Garfagnini, Matthias Laubenstein, V. Wagner, A. A. Vasenko, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GERDA, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, radiopurity, Isotopes of germanium, germanium: double-beta decay, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, double beta decay, Germanium, Radiopurity, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Uranium and thorium, germanium detectors, Nuclear physics, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, thorium: admixture, germanium: detector, Nuclide, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), uranium and thorium bulk content, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, background: radioactivity, Physics, Range (particle radiation), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, uranium: admixture, Thorium, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Uranium, Germanium detectors, Uranium and thorium bulk content, chemistry, radioactivity, bulk content, DOUBLE-BETA DECAY, Decay chain, GERDA
Abstract: Internal contaminations of $^{238}$U, $^{235}$U and $^{232}$Th in the bulk of high purity germanium detectors are potential backgrounds for experiments searching for neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{76}$Ge. The data from GERDA Phase~I have been analyzed for alpha events from the decay chain of these contaminations by looking for full decay chains and for time correlations between successive decays in the same detector. No candidate events for a full chain have been found. Upper limits on the activities in the range of a few nBq/kg for $^{226}$Ra, $^{227}$Ac and $^{228}$Th, the long-lived daughter nuclides of $^{238}$U, $^{235}$U and $^{232}$Th, respectively, have been derived. With these upper limits a background index in the energy region of interest from $^{226}$Ra and $^{228}$Th contamination is estimated which satisfies the prerequisites of a future ton scale germanium double beta decay experiment., Comment: 2 figures, 7 pages
Published: 2017

48. First results of GERDA Phase II and consistency with background models

Author: R. Falkenstein, D. Palioselitis, Jochen Schreiner, O. Schulz, I. V. Kirpichnikov, M. Miloradovic, E. V. Demidova, O.I. Kochetov, D. Borowicz, S. T. Belyaev, A. M. Gangapshev, R. Mingazheva, N. Frodyma, V. I. Gurentsov, Alberto Pullia, V. G. Egorov, A. Garfagnini, M. Balata, B. Schwingenheuer, R. Brugnera, V. V. Kuzminov, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, R. Kneißl, E. Shevzik, J. Hakenmüller, M. Salathe, Matteo Agostini, V. I. Lebedev, L. Vanhoefer, K. Pelczar, K. N. Gusev, Th. Kihm, Matthias Laubenstein, A. M. Bakalyarov, Marcin Wójcik, E. Doroshkevich, L. V. Inzhechik, P. Grabmayr, Alessandro Bettini, A. Kirsch, Guillaume Lutter, T. Wester, P. Moseev, S. Hemmer, V. D'Andrea, L. B. Bezrukov, Luciano Pandola, J. Jochum, F. Salamida, W. Maneschg, K. T. Knöpfle, A.A. Smolnikov, A. Lazzaro, Christian Bauer, A. A. Klimenko, V.N. Kornoukhov, E. A. Yanovich, A. V. Veresnikova, S. Belogurov, K. Panas, C. Schmitt, A. Wegmann, Igor Nemchenok, Manfred Lindner, A. A. Vasenko, Kai Zuber, E. Medinaceli, M. Heisel, M. Allardt, N. Rumyantseva, C. Cattadori, A. Chernogorov, Bela Majorovits, C. Macolino, A. Lubashevskiy, B. Schneider, I. R. Barabanov, E. Bellotti, C. Gooch, A.-K. Schütz, S. V. Zhukov, A. Hegai, S. Schönert, B. Lehnert, D. R. Zinatulina, G. Zuzel, N. Di Marco, J. Janicskó Csáthy, O. Selivanenko, L. Stanco, V.B. Brudanin, Mikael Hult, Hardy Simgen, A. Kish, A. Domula, V. Wagner, I. Zhitnikov, Cinzia Sada, Giovanni Benato, M. Junker, Laura Baudis, H. Y. Liao, Werner Hofmann, Allen Caldwell, K. von Sturm, Ivano Lippi, V. Kazalov, Stefano Riboldi, M. Misiaszek, C. Wiesinger, M. Shirchenko, and T. Bode
Subjects: Physics, History, Background spectrum, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), Consistency (statistics), Phase (waves), Liquid argon, DECAY, Computer Science Applications, Education
Published: 2017

49. Limit on the radiative neutrinoless double electron capture of $$^{36}$$ 36 Ar from GERDA Phase I

Author: Marc Walter, O.I. Kochetov, J. Janicskó Csáthy, D. Palioselitis, S. T. Belyaev, A. M. Gangapshev, H. Wilsenach, V. I. Gurentsov, R. Brugnera, C. Wiesinger, M. Stepaniuk, M. Heisel, V. V. Kuzminov, Matteo Agostini, B. Lehnert, I. Zhitnikov, A. Domula, C. Macolino, R. Mingazheva, Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev, M. Shirchenko, K. Freund, L. V. Inzhechik, L. B. Bezrukov, B. Schwingenheuer, Oliver Schulz, A. V. Veresnikova, M. Balata, E. Doroshkevich, O. Fedorova, A. Chernogorov, E. V. Demidova, V.B. Brudanin, A. Lazzaro, Alberto Pullia, Hardy Simgen, I. V. Kirpichnikov, E. Medinaceli, I. R. Barabanov, N. Frodyma, A. Garfagnini, M. Miloradovic, W. Maneschg, E. A. Yanovich, S. V. Zhukov, Alessandro Bettini, V. Egorov, S. Belogurov, A.-K. Schütz, V. I. Lebedev, J. Schreiner, A. Hegai, G. Heusser, A. Kirsch, Marcin Wójcik, P. Grabmayr, N. Barros, M. Salathe, L. Vanhoefer, T. Bode, K. T. Knöpfle, Cinzia Sada, Manfred Lindner, P. Moseev, S. Hemmer, Luciano Pandola, R. Kneißl, Matthias Laubenstein, Giovanni Benato, A. A. Klimenko, N. Rumyantseva, V. Wagner, A. Wegmann, O. Selivanenko, C. Gooch, Igor Nemchenok, A. A. Vasenko, K. N. Gusev, B. Schneider, Bela Majorovits, Thomas Kihm, Josef Jochum, V. V. Kazalov, D. R. Zinatulina, G. Zuzel, Ivano Lippi, V. D'Andrea, A. Kish, Mikael Hult, J. Hakenmüller, Stefano Riboldi, K. Panas, M. Misiaszek, M. Allardt, E. Bellotti, A. di Vacri, Werner Hofmann, Allen Caldwell, Luca Stanco, F. Salamida, K. von Sturm, T. Wester, A.A. Smolnikov, C. Cattadori, Kai Zuber, D. Borowicz, Christian Bauer, A. Lubashevskiy, Stefan Schönert, M. Junker, Laura Baudis, V. N. Kornoukhov, H. Y. Liao, K. Pelczar, Guillaume Lutter, A. M. Bakalyarov, R. Falkenstein, and C. Schmitt
Subjects: Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Electron capture, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Phase (waves), chemistry.chemical_element, Germanium, Physics::Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Lepton number, Semiconductor detector, Nuclear physics, MAJORANA, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Radiative transfer, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous)
Abstract: Neutrinoless double electron capture is a process that, if detected, would give evidence of lepton number violation and the Majorana nature of neutrinos. A search for neutrinoless double electron capture of $^{36}$Ar has been performed with germanium detectors installed in liquid argon using data from Phase I of the GERmanium Detector Array (GERDA) experiment at the Gran Sasso Laboratory of INFN, Italy. No signal was observed and an experimental lower limit on the half-life of the radiative neutrinoless double electron capture of $^{36}$Ar was established: $T_{1/2} > $ 3.6 $\times$ 10$^{21}$ yr at 90 % C.I.
Published: 2016

50. Anisotropy studies around the galactic centre at EeV energies with the Auger Observatory

Author: K. Daumiller, J. Sorokin, D. Gonzalez, Miroslav Pech, Marcio Aparecido Muller, Catherine Newman-Holmes, F. Suarez, D. Garcia-Pinto, A. Zepeda, A. Letessier-Selvon, H. O. Klages, Hernán Asorey, W. Slater, M. Zavrtanik, A. Zech, G. Miele, M. Ave, R. M. de Almeida, S. Maltezos, R. Meyhandan, M. D. Healy, K. Arisaka, L. Prado, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Francesc Ferrer, Andreas Kopmann, R. Mussa, X. Garrido, Jc Bacelar, E. Moreno, L. Perrone, A. Gorgi, O. Deligny, M. Gonçalves do Amaral, E. M. Santos, Helio Nogima, F. Arneodo, Mohsen Harakeh, D. R. Claes, D. Maurizio, N. Kunka, H. Glass, Jan Kuijpers, C. Di Giulio, I. C. Maris, Enrique Zas, E. Kemp, T. Beau, José Eduardo Martinez, Xavier Bertou, D. Torresi, B. R. Becker, Petr Schovanek, Bruce R. Dawson, Tim Huege, C. J. Todero Peixoto, C. H. Wiebusch, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, S. Westerhoff, Jörg R. Hörandel, T. Bergmann, B. Wilczynska, M. T. Dova, L. Nožka, T. Vo Van, F. Schüssler, C. Timmermans, L. A. de Carvalho, J. N. Capdevielle, J. Chye, A. Della Selva, C. Grunfeld, V. Tunnicliffe, J. Gitto, R. R. McNeil, A. Chou, L. Nellen, R. Piegaia, L. Villasenor, T. McCauley, Carola Dobrigkeit, A. Cordier, C. Bonifazi, H. Blümer, A. Lopez Agüera, S. Ostapchenko, T. Dang Quang, I. Valiño, A. Insolia, M. E. Mancenido, Milena Horvat, M. Kleifges, Esteban Roulet, C. Grupen, Andrej Filipcic, J. Knapp, Warner A. Miller, C. Aramo, Henrique M. J. Barbosa, Alan Watson, E. Armengaud, R. Gómez Herrero, R. A. Vázquez, R. Engel, Gualberto Avila, Ingomar Allekotte, M. Patel, H. Spinka, Heiko Geenen, G. Rodriguez, Dariusz Gora, E. J. Quel, A. Tripathi, S. Kuhlman, M. Barkhausen, S. B. Clay, R. Fonte, B. E. Smith, G. Mancarella, A. D. Supanitsky, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, C. Morello, R. Ticona, W. Tkaczyk, M. C. Medina, J. Rodríguez Martino, T. Yamamoto, T. Venters, J. Pallotta, J. Matthews, A. Ewers, V. Van Elewyck, O. Blanch-Bigas, Angela V. Olinto, A. Etchegoyen, E. Strazzeri, J. Kleinfeller, B. Garcia, C. Bleve, Oleg Kalashev, Luis A. Anchordoqui, C. Hojvat, J. C. Hamilton, P. D. J. Clark, A. C. Fauth, Carlos Escobar, M. A. L. de Oliveira, Marco Aglietta, P. Bernardini, D. Lebrun, V. Verzi, I. De Mitri, F. Montanet, Jose Chinellato, A. Haungs, S. Maldera, B. Revenu, C. Robledo, P. Gouffon, O. Pisanti, K.-H. Becker, O. Tascau, A. Grillo, D. D'Urso, M. Zha, Vincenzo Rizi, P. Younk, Y. Petrov, Giuseppe Longo, C. Alvarez, R. Cester, Jose A. Bellido, L. F. A. Oliveira, L. del Peral, D. V. Camin, F. Sanchez, D. Allard, A. Horneffer, Dusan Mandat, J. Aublin, L. Cazon, J. A. J. Matthews, C. Aguirre, P. Allison, Silvia Mollerach, R. Bonino, J. W. Cronin, J.R. Rodriguez Rojo, J. Rosado, Antonio Velarde, T. Pierog, J. C. D'Olivo, A. Menshikov, E. Fokitis, D. Rodríguez Frías, E. Parizot, J. M. Brunet, M. Ortiz, D. Warner, G. Sigl, Petr Travnicek, R. W. Clay, A. Fernandez, B. Fick, T. Paul, Alejandro Luis Veiga, T. Asch, J. Brack, T. Schmidt, H. Dembinski, M. A. DuVernois, A. Kusenko, N. Martinez, G. Medina, T. Nguyen Thi, A. Geranios, T. Bäcker, M. Kaducak, Fabian Gobbi, D. Semikoz, G. Wieczorek, J. F. Valdés Galicia, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Antonella Castellina, B. Keilhauer, N. Fazzini, A. Tonachini, H. C. Reis, M. Ambrosio, R. C. Shellard, H. J. Mathes, S. Reucroft, D. Harari, Matthias Leuthold, A. G. Mariazzi, C. Morris, G. Cataldi, S. Parlati, Francisco J. Blanco, H. Wahlberg, Bei Cai, G. Sequeiros, C. Roucelle, Darko Veberic, S. Coutu, A. M. van den Berg, Daniel Omar Badagnani, Luis N. Epele, Heino Falcke, M. Urban, J. Pouryamout, Lawrence Wiencke, G. Parente, D. Heck, P. Skelton, M. Gonzalez, R. Knapik, F. Arqueros, H. Schieler, J. Lee, M. Prouza, A. Smialkowski, Y. Kolotaev, N. Smetniansky De Grande, Bruno L. Lago, G. Navarra, N. G. Busca, V. M. Olmos-Gilbaja, C. Meurer, M. Tueros, W. J. M. de Mello, P. Darriulat, P. Bauleo, D. Fazio, J. G. Gonzalez, S. Harmsma, C. Rivière, A. Tamburro, M. Monasor, V. Scherini, Diego Melo, Segev BenZvi, Mario Scuderi, A. Dorofeev, J. Xu, M. Roth, R. Nichol, Gregory R Snow, P. Sommers, E. Menichetti, G. Matthiae, Corbin Covault, F. Gomez Albarracin, T. Suomijärvi, P. Blasi, P. Privitera, J. Gutiérrez, S. Robbins, A. Filevich, D. Pham Ngoc, R. Pelayo, J. Rautenberg, M. Iarlori, P. L. Ghia, Subir Sarkar, M. Boratav, P. Mantsch, M. Boháčová, U. Cotti, S. Hartmann, J. C. Diaz, R. Ulrich, J. Beatty, D. Martello, Juan Pablo Gongora, Martin Erdmann, J. Swain, M. Risse, German Ros, N. Nierstenhöfer, W. Fulgione, M. Hrabovský, D. Tscherniakhovski, R. Lopez, J. Pȩkala, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, A. Stutz, P. L. Biermann, Rossella Caruso, O. Martinez, S. J. Sciutto, M. I. Micheletti, G. Gelmini, P. Buchholz, P. O. Mazur, J. L. Harton, Piotr Homola, Marcos Santander, P. Facal San Luis, D. Zavrtanik, C. Wileman, D. Fuhrmann, J. Oehlschläger, O. Krömer, Z. Szadkowski, M. Ziolkowski, Beatriz B. Siffert, S. Petrera, J. Řídký, F. Guarino, D. Newton, T. Waldenmaier, G. P. Guedes, M. Malek, Radomir Smida, C. Delle Fratte, F. Salamida, B. Morales, T. N. Pham Thi, M. G. Winnick, G. Tristram, J. D. Hague, P. LeBrun, H. Wilczynski, P. Walker, P. Boghrat, L. Valore, D. Barnhill, M. Roberts, V. Grassi, A. Chiavassa, G. Salina, D. Nosek, G. Maurin, M. Gómez Berisso, O. Wainberg, T. A. Porter, A. Risi, C. Lachaud, R. Sato, B. Connolly, D. Monnier Ragaigne, J. Abraham, P. Billoir, A. Lucero, A. Meli, L. Garrard, S. L. C. Barroso, M. Videla, Thomas Hebbeker, B. S. Atulugama, M. Unger, J. C. Anjos, K. S. Caballero-Mora, Olaf Scholten, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, S. Dagoret-Campagne, D. Nitz, D. Dornic, J. Chauvin, S. De Jong, C. De Donato, Miguel Mostafa, T. Ohnuki, P. Petrinca, M. McEwen, V. de Souza, S. Vorobiov, H. Gemmeke, A. F. Barbosa, M. Palatka, I. M. Pepe, A. C. Rovero, M. Gold, A. Tamashiro, K. Payet, L. Otero, I. Fleck, B. Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, P. Sokolsky, D. H. Koang, L. Voyvodic, G. A. Medina Tanco, S. Ferry, J., Abraham, M., Aglietta, C., Aguirre, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, P., Allison, C., Alvarez, J., Alvarez Muniz, M., Ambrosio, L., Anchordoqui, J. C., Anjo, C., Aramo, K., Arisaka, E., Armengaud, F., Arneodo, F., Arquero, T., Asch, H., Asorey, B. S., Atulugama, J., Aublin, M., Ave, G., Avila, J., Bacelar, T., Backer, D., Badagnani, A. F., Barbosa, H. M. J., Barbosa, M., Barkhausen, D., Barnhill, S. L. C., Barroso, P., Bauleo, J., Beatty, T., Beau, B. R., Becker, K. H., Becker, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, T., Bergmann, Bernardini, Paolo, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, O., Blanch Biga, F., Blanco, P., Blasi, Bleve, Carla, H., Blumer, P., Boghrat, M., Bohacova, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, M., Boratav, J., Brack, J. M., Brunet, P., Buchholz, N. G., Busca, K. S., Caballero Mora, B., Cai, D. V., Camin, J. N., Capdevielle, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, A., Chou, J., Chye, D., Clae, P. D. J., Clark, R. W., Clay, S. B., Clay, B., Connolly, A., Cordier, U., Cotti, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, J., Cronin, S., Dagoret Campagne, T., Dang Quang, P., Darriulat, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, L. A., de Carvalho, C., De Donato, S. J., de Jong, W. J. M. de Mello J., R., J. R. T., de Mello Neto, DE MITRI, Ivan, M. A. L., de Oliveira, V., de Souza, L., del Peral, O., Deligny, A., Della Selva, C., Delle Fratte, H., Dembinski, C., Di Giulio, J. C., Diaz, C., Dobrigkeit, J. C., D’Olivo, D., Dornic, A., Dorofeev, M. T., Dova, D., D’Urso, M. A., Duvernoi, R., Engel, L., Epele, M., Erdmann, C. O., Escobar, A., Etchegoyen, A., Ewer, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, A. C., Fauth, D., Fazio, N., Fazzini, A., Fernandez, F., Ferrer, S., Ferry, B., Fick, A., Filevich, A., Filipcic, I., Fleck, E., Fokiti, R., Fonte, D., Fuhrmann, W., Fulgione, B., Garcia, D., Garcia Pinto, L., Garrard, X., Garrido, H., Geenen, G., Gelmini, H., Gemmeke, A., Geranio, P. L., Ghia, M., Giller, J., Gitto, H., Gla, F., Gobbi, M. S., Gold, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gomez Berisso, R., Gomez Herrero, M., Goncalves do Amaral, J. P., Gongora, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, M., Gonzalez, D., Gora, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, V., Grassi, A., Grillo, C., Grunfeld, C., Grupen, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, J., Gutierrez, J. D., Hague, J. C., Hamilton, M. N., Harakeh, D., Harari, S., Harmsma, S., Hartmann, J. L., Harton, M. D., Healy, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, C., Hojvat, P., Homola, J., Horandel, A., Horneffer, M., Horvat, M., Hrabovsky, M., Iarlori, A., Insolia, M., Kaducak, O., Kalashev, K. H., Kampert, B., Keilhauer, E., Kemp, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, R., Knapik, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, Y., Kolotaev, A., Kopmann, O., Kromer, S., Kuhlman, J., Kuijper, N., Kunka, A., Kusenko, C., Lachaud, B. L., Lago, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, J., Lee, A., Letessier Selvon, M., Leuthold, I., Lhenry Yvon, G., Longo, R., Lopez, A., Lopez Aguera, A., Lucero, S., Maldera, M., Malek, S., Maltezo, Mancarella, Giovanni, M. E., Mancenido, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, I. C., Mari, Martello, Daniele, N., Martinez, J., Martinez, O., Martinez, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, J. A. J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, G., Maurin, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, T., Mccauley, M., Mcewen, R. R., Mcneil, G., Medina, M. C., Medina, G., Medina Tanco, A., Meli, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, Meurer, C. h. r., R., Meyhandan, M. I., Micheletti, G., Miele, W., Miller, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, E., Moreno, C., Morri, M., Mostafa', M. A., Muller, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, L., Nellen, C., Newman Holme, D., Newton, T., Nguyen Thi, R., Nichol, N., Nierstenhofer, D., Nitz, H., Nogima, D., Nosek, L., Nozka, J., Oehlschlager, T., Ohnuki, A., Olinto, L. F. A., Oliveira, V. M., Olmos Gilbaja, M., Ortiz, S., Ostapchenko, L., Otero, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, G., Parente, E., Parizot, S., Parlati, M., Patel, T., Paul, K., Payet, M., Pech, J., Pekala, R., Pelayo, I. M., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, S., Petrera, P., Petrinca, Y., Petrov, D., Pham Ngoc, T. N., Pham Thi, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, O., Pisanti, T. A., Porter, J., Pouryamout, L. Prado J., R., P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, J., Rautenberg, H. C., Rei, S., Reucroft, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, A., Risi, M., Risse, C., Riviere, V., Rizi, S., Robbin, M., Robert, C., Robledo, G., Rodriguez, D., Rodriguez Fria, J., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, G., Ro, J., Rosado, M., Roth, C., Roucelle, B., Rouille' d’Orfeuil, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, G., Salina, F., Sanchez, M., Santander, E. M., Santo, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, V., Scherini, T., Schmidt, O., Scholten, P., Schovanek, F., Schussler, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, D., Semikoz, G., Sequeiro, R. C., Shellard, B. B., Siffert, G., Sigl, P., Skelton, W., Slater, N., Smetniansky De Grande, A., Smialkowski, R., Smida, B. E., Smith, G. R., Snow, P., Sokolsky, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, E., Strazzeri, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijarvi, A. D., Supanitsky, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, A., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, O., Tascau, R., Ticona, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Todero Peixoto, A., Tonachini, D., Torresi, P., Travnicek, A., Tripathi, G., Tristram, D., Tscherniakhovski, M., Tuero, V., Tunnicliffe, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. F., Valdes Galicia, I., Valino, L., Valore, A. M., van den Berg, V., van Elewyck, R. A., Vazquez, D., Veberic, A., Veiga, A., Velarde, T., Venter, V., Verzi, M., Videla, L., Villasenor, T., Vo Van, S., Vorobiov, L., Voyvodic, H., Wahlberg, O., Wainberg, T., Waldenmaier, P., Walker, D., Warner, A. A., Watson, S., Westerhoff, C., Wiebusch, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczynska, H., Wilczynski, C., Wileman, M. G., Winnick, J., Xu, T., Yamamoto, P., Younk, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, A., Zech, A., Zepeda, M., Zha, M., Ziolkowski, APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), APC - Cosmologie, Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, APC - THEORIE, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), PIERRE AUGER, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Guarino, Fausto, Longo, Giuseppe, Aramo, Carla, DELLA SELVA, Angelo, Miele, Gennaro, Pisanti, Ofelia, Valore, Laura, D'Urso, Domenico, Auger, Collaboration, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut für theoretische Physik
Subjects: [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, Osservatorio Pierre Auger, Flux, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Auger, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Raggi cosmici, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Anisotropies, Centro galattico, Galactic centre, Cosmic rays, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Ciencias Exactas, media_common, Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Anisotropie, centro galáctico, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma ray, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Radiación cósmica, Anisotropía, Galaxy, Sky, Experimental High Energy Physics
Abstract: Data from the Pierre Auger Observatory are analyzed to search for anisotropies near the direction of the Galactic Centre at EeV energies. The exposure of the surface array in this part of the sky is already significantly larger than that of the fore-runner experiments. Our results do not support previous findings of localized excesses in the AGASA and SUGAR data. We set an upper bound on a point-like flux of cosmic rays arriving from the Galactic Centre which excludes several scenarios predicting sources of EeV neutrons from Sagittarius $A$. Also the events detected simultaneously by the surface and fluorescence detectors (the `hybrid' data set), which have better pointing accuracy but are less numerous than those of the surface array alone, do not show any significant localized excess from this direction., Comment: Matches published version
Published: 2007

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Database

Publisher

157 results on '"F., Salamida"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources