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Background: Intravascular venous (VUC) or arterial (AUC) umbilical catheter placement is the most frequent invasive procedure in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Either Wright’s or Shukla’s formula is used to introduce the catheters. However, Shukla’s formula is associated with incorrect insertion, especially for newborns < 1500 g. This study aimed to determine by chest X-ray if Wright’s formula is better than Shukla’s formula for the correct placement of umbilical catheters in newborns ≤ 1500 g. Methods: We included patients admitted to the NICU of a secondary-level hospital between 2021- 2022 who received VUC or AUC through the Wright or Shukla formulas. Results: A total of 129 newborns were included: 78 with VUC and 51 with AUC. In VUC, 50% with Wright and 36.8% with Shukla formulas had the correct location, (p = 0.24). In AUC, 56.6 % with Wright and 52.4% with Shukla formulas were placed correctly placed, (p = 0.76). VUC with weight < 1000 g were correctly placed in 36.4% with Wright and 33.3% with Shukla formulas (p = 0.58). VUC in newborns > 1000 g were correctly placed in 66.6% with Wright and 38.4% with Shukla formulas (p = 0.065). AUC in newborns < 1000 g were correctly placed in 45% using Wright and 42.9% Shukla formulas (p = 0.63). AUC in newborns > 1000 g were correctly placed in 80% using Wright and 57.1% Shukla formulas (p = 0.23). Conclusions: We found 13% more correctly placed VUC using Wright’s formula. Moreover, Wright’s formula was 29% above Shukla’s VUC placement in neonates > 1000 g, although there was no significant difference due to the sample size.

PURPOSE: prove the usefulness of aspiration biopsy, combined with ultrasound and mammogram studies, in timely detection of breast cancer, at the Hospital Regional General Ignacio Zaragoza, ISSSTE, Radiology and Image Service, in the period from January through June 2012. INTRODUCTION: breast cancer is the leading cause of death due to cancer in Mexico (National Center for Gender Equality and Reproductive Health (Spanish acronym CNEGSR). In the year 2014, 11,372 new cases of breast cancer were reported, with an incidence of 22.56 per 100,000 inhabitants over 10 years of age. In the group of women age 25 years and over, in the year 2015, 2652 deaths were reported with a rate of 18 deaths per 100,000 women. The average age of onset in cases of breast cancer is 54.9 years. The highest incidence in number of cases is reported in the 50- to 59-year age group with 45 % of all cases. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Hologic® model M-IV-mammogram; Siemens® Acuson X300 ultrasound; 20 cm3 syringes, 20 Gauge needle 32 mm long; sterile gauze pads; and iodopovidone. Fine needle biopsies were taken from patients with suspected malignant lesions detected by mammogram or ultrasound and were sent to cytopathology. RESULTS: 117 breast biopsies were analyzed from suspected lesions detected with image guidance, 88 with ultrasound and 29 with mammogram. Ultrasound had 87.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity; mammogram had 92.8% sensitivity and 93.3% specificity. Lesions visible by ultrasound or mammogram, and taking biopsies are highly effective in early diagnosis of breast cancer. The positive predictive value is 100% for ultrasound and 92.8% for mammogram; in all cases, definitive diagnostic was based on fine needle aspiration biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: if we combine diagnostic methods by mammogram and ultrasound with biopsy, it is possible to achieve 99% specificity and sensitivity for diagnosis of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]