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1,063 results on '"F., Ayala"'

1. First-line therapy with palbociclib in patients with advanced HR+/HER2− breast cancer: The real-life study PALBOSPAIN

Author

Martínez-Jañez, N., Ezquerra, M. Bellet, Manso Sanchez, L. M., Carrasco, F. Henao, Torres, A. Anton, Morales, S., Ortega, P. Tolosa, Gil, V. L. Obadia, Sampedro, T., Conejero, R. Andrés, Calvo-Martinez, L., Galve-Calvo, E., López, R., de la Pena, F. Ayala, Lopez-Tarruella, S., de Araguiz, B. A. Hernando Fernandez, Ruiz, L. Boronat, Cardenas, T. Martos, Chacon, J. I., and Antón, F. Moreno

Published
2024
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2. Coaching the coaches: exploring the effectiveness of the ‘Move Well Be strong’ youth injury prevention programme for grassroot coaches and PE teachers

Author

J. D. Hughes, F. Ayala, W. M. Roberts, K. Wing, and M. B. A. De Ste Croix

Subjects
Youth, injury prevention, coach education, RE-AIM framework, Medicine
Abstract

Introduction Coaches play a major role in developing movement in their performers, especially at grassroots levels. However, there are significant knowledge gaps amongst grassroots coaches and physical education (PE) teachers regarding movement competency and injury prevention programs. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of knowledge gain, adoption and implementation following a youth injury prevention workshop for grassroots coaches and PE teachers.Methods 56 grassroots coaches and PE teachers completed a validated questionnaire exploring use, knowledge, attitude towards and confidence to deliver youth movement competency training before and after an online workshop. Bayesian Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to assess the knowledge, attitude, and confidence to deliver an injury prevention programme following the workshop. For all the Bayesian inference tests run, the Bayesian factor (BF10) was interpreted using the evidence categories ranging from extreme evidence (BF10 > 100) to anecdotical evidence (BF10 < 1).Results Post-workshop there was a 34% increase in respondents indicating that they had greater knowledge of injury prevention issues (55% pre-workshop vs 89% post-workshop) with statistically positive and moderate effects (BF10 > 100 [extreme evidence]). There was also a 25% increase in respondents indicating that they had a more sympathetic attitude towards injury prevention (67% sympathetic pre-workshop vs 93% sympathetic post-workshop) with statistically moderate effects (BF10 = 87.4 [very strong evidence]). A 19% increase in attendees’ confidence to deliver an injury prevention programme was observed (69% high pre-workshop vs. 89% high post-workshop) with statistically moderate effects (BF10 = 85.9 [very strong evidence]). 100% of participants indicated an intent to adopt the injury prevention programme.Conclusions An online workshop increased knowledge and confidence in grassroots coaches and PE teachers to deliver a youth injury prevention programme. Knowledge gained from training and upskilling created a positive attitude and confidence to deliver movement competency into coaching. Appropriate resources need to be developed and delivered in an accessible way to grassroots coaches and PE teachers via workshops and should be included in governing body coaching awards or as continuing professional development for youth coaches and PE teachers.

Published
2024
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3. Improved determination of the $\beta$-$\overline{\nu}_e$ angular correlation coefficient $a$ in free neutron decay with the $a$SPECT spectrometer

Author

Beck, M., Guardia, F. Ayala, Baeßler, S., Borg, M., Glück, F., Heil, W., Kahlenberg, J., Klopf, M., Konrad, G., Maisonobe, R., Horta, R. Muñoz, Schmidt, C., Schmidt, U., Simson, M., Soldner, T., Virot, R., Wunderle, A., and Zimmer, O.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report on a precise measurement of the electron-antineutrino angular correlation ($a$ coefficient) in free neutron beta-decay from the $a$SPECT experiment. The $a$ coefficient is inferred from the recoil energy spectrum of the protons which are detected in 4$\pi$ by the $a$SPECT spectrometer using magnetic adiabatic collimation with an electrostatic filter. Data are presented from a 100 days run at the Institut Laue Langevin in 2013. The sources of systematic errors are considered and included in the final result. We obtain $a = -0.10430(84)$ which is the most precise measurement of the neutron $a$ coefficient to date. From this, the ratio of axial-vector to vector coupling constants is derived giving $|\lambda| = 1.2677(28)$.

Published
2019
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4. Comparison between Wright and Shukla formulas: which is better for the placement of umbilical catheters in newborns ≤ 1500 g?

Author

Diana A. Castañeda-Pérez, Carolina Villegas-Álvarez, Adolfo San Román-Flores, Mauricio Pierdant-Pérez, Daniel Herbert-Anaya, Jorge G. Reyes-Vaca, Jorge F. Ayala-González, and Francisco J. Escalante-Padrón

Subjects
Umbilical veins. Umbilical arteries. Peripheral catheterization. Umbilicus. Infant. Very low birth weight., Pediatrics, RJ1-570, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Background: Intravascular venous (VUC) or arterial (AUC) umbilical catheter placement is the most frequent invasive procedure in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Either Wright’s or Shukla’s formula is used to introduce the catheters. However, Shukla’s formula is associated with incorrect insertion, especially for newborns < 1500 g. This study aimed to determine by chest X-ray if Wright’s formula is better than Shukla’s formula for the correct placement of umbilical catheters in newborns ≤ 1500 g. Methods: We included patients admitted to the NICU of a secondary-level hospital between 2021- 2022 who received VUC or AUC through the Wright or Shukla formulas. Results: A total of 129 newborns were included: 78 with VUC and 51 with AUC. In VUC, 50% with Wright and 36.8% with Shukla formulas had the correct location, (p = 0.24). In AUC, 56.6 % with Wright and 52.4% with Shukla formulas were placed correctly placed, (p = 0.76). VUC with weight < 1000 g were correctly placed in 36.4% with Wright and 33.3% with Shukla formulas (p = 0.58). VUC in newborns > 1000 g were correctly placed in 66.6% with Wright and 38.4% with Shukla formulas (p = 0.065). AUC in newborns < 1000 g were correctly placed in 45% using Wright and 42.9% Shukla formulas (p = 0.63). AUC in newborns > 1000 g were correctly placed in 80% using Wright and 57.1% Shukla formulas (p = 0.23). Conclusions: We found 13% more correctly placed VUC using Wright’s formula. Moreover, Wright’s formula was 29% above Shukla’s VUC placement in neonates > 1000 g, although there was no significant difference due to the sample size.

Published
2023
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6. Antioxidants in Oak (Quercus sp.): Potential Application to Reduce Oxidative Rancidity in Foods

Author

Elsa Daniela Othón-Díaz, Jorge O. Fimbres-García, Marcela Flores-Sauceda, Brenda A. Silva-Espinoza, Leticia X. López-Martínez, Ariadna T. Bernal-Mercado, and Jesus F. Ayala-Zavala

Subjects
Quercus, antioxidants, phenolic compounds, food rancidity, lipid oxidation, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

This review explores the antioxidant properties of oak (Quercus sp.) extracts and their potential application in preventing oxidative rancidity in food products. Oxidative rancidity negatively impacts food quality, causing changes in color, odor, and flavor and reducing the shelf life of products. The use of natural antioxidants from plant sources, such as oak extracts, has gained increasing interest due to potential health concerns associated with synthetic antioxidants. Oak extracts contain various antioxidant compounds, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins, which contribute to their antioxidative capacity. This review discusses the chemical composition of oak extracts, their antioxidative activity in different food systems, and the safety and potential challenges related to their application in food preservation. The potential benefits and limitations of using oak extracts as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants are highlighted, and future research directions to optimize their application and determine their safety for human consumption are suggested.

Published
2023
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7. First-line therapy with palbociclib in patients with advanced HR+/HER2− breast cancer: The real-life study PALBOSPAIN.

Author

Martínez-Jañez, N., Ezquerra, M. Bellet, Manso Sanchez, L. M., Carrasco, F. Henao, Torres, A. Anton, Morales, S., Ortega, P. Tolosa, Gil, V. L. Obadia, Sampedro, T., Conejero, R. Andrés, Calvo-Martinez, L., Galve-Calvo, E., López, R., de la Pena, F. Ayala, Lopez-Tarruella, S., de Araguiz, B. A. Hernando Fernandez, Ruiz, L. Boronat, Cardenas, T. Martos, Chacon, J. I., and Antón, F. Moreno

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of first-line therapy with palbociclib in a Spanish cohort treated after palbociclib approval. Methods: PALBOSPAIN is an observational, retrospective, multicenter study evaluating real-world patterns and outcomes with 1 L palbociclib in men and women (any menopausal status) with advanced HR+/HER2– BC diagnosed between November 2017 and November 2019. The primary endpoint was real-world progression-free survival (rw-PFS). Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), the real-world response rate (rw-RR), the clinical benefit rate, palbociclib dose reduction, and safety. Results: A total of 762 patients were included. The median rw-PFS and OS were 24 months (95% CI 21–27) and 42 months (40-not estimable [NE]) in the whole population, respectively. By cohort, the median rw-PFS and OS were as follows: 28 (95% CI 23–39) and 44 (95% CI 38-NE) months in patients with de novo metastatic disease, 13 (95% CI 11–17) and 36 months (95% CI 31–41) in patients who experienced relapse < 12 months after the end of ET, and 31 months (95% CI 26–37) and not reached (NR) in patients who experienced relapse > 12 months after the end of ET. rw-PFS and OS were longer in patients with oligometastasis and only one metastatic site and those with non-visceral disease. The most frequent hematologic toxicity was neutropenia (72%; grade ≥ 3: 52.5%), and the most common non-hematologic adverse event was asthenia (38%). Conclusion: These findings, consistent with those from clinical trials, support use of palbociclib plus ET as 1 L for advanced BC in the real-world setting, including pre-menopausal women and men. Trial registration number: NCT04874025 (PALBOSPAIN). Date of registration: 04/30/2021 retrospectively registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. IMPLEMENTACIÓN DEL APRENDIZAJE BASADO EN PROYECTOS EN LABORATORIOS DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA DEL GRADO DE QUÍMICA

Author

Juan F. Ayala-Cabrera, Clara Pérez-Ràfols, Oscar Núñez, and Núria Serrano

Subjects
project-based learning (pbl), analytical chemistry laboratories, critical evaluation of analytical results, contextualization of laboratory practices, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract

The methodological strategy of project-based learning has been implemented in Analytical Chemistry laboratories, specifically in the subject of Basic Analytical Chemistry Laboratory of the Chemistry Degree, with the aim of contextualizing the practices, improving the critical evaluation of the results obtained and promoting collaborative work. For this purpose, five different topics have been proposed for students to elaborate a project, setting out its objective and the analytical determinations (parameters and samples) necessary to achieve it. The implementation of these projects has facilitated the generation of a greater volume of interrelated results that has allowed the students to work on the critical evaluation of the results in greater depth. The achievement of the objectives proposed for the implementation of the PBL has been demonstrated by means of anonymous surveys to the students and by comparison with other four groups of the same subject taught during the same academic year.

Published
2020

9. ADDRESSING THE INFILTRATIVE PATTERN: COMPLEX DIAGNOSIS

Author

A.L. Ordóñez-Vázquez, J. Prieto-Nava, F. Ayala-Ochoa, A. Heredia-Jara, L. Montiel-Velázquez, and I. López-Méndez

Subjects
Specialties of internal medicine, RC581-951
Abstract

Introduction and objective: Alterations in liver function tests are frequent, so the approach based on the predominant alteration and the patient's medical history is relevant. Carrying out a liver biopsy in cases of diagnostic doubt is imperative. The objective of this work is to describe a clinical case of an infiltrative pattern approach that culminated in the diagnosis of Hepatosplenic T-cell Lymphoma (HSCTL). Patients and Methods: Clinical case report. Presentation. Woman, 72 years old. History of a sister with cirrhosis. Consumption of alcohol and herbalists; arterial hypertension and Sjögren. He was admitted for persistent fatigue and jaundice. Laboratories with anemia, thrombocytopenia and kidney injury; Hepatic biochemistry with a predominantly cholestatic pattern at the expense of alkaline phosphatase and direct hyperbilirubinemia. Without acute liver failure. By imaging the liver, vessels and normal bile duct; splenomegaly; Negative hepatitis viral panel, positive ANAs and Anti-actin, negative antimitochondrials, normal immunoglobulins. HAI vs. DILI / HILI is suspected. Liver biopsy reports HSTCL-type lymphoproliferative process (Figure 1). It was supplemented with bone marrow aspirate and PET-CT. He started prednisone and cyclophosphamide. Discussion: The systematic approach to altered liver biochemistry requires integrating personal and family risk factors for liver disease. The infiltrative pattern that resembles the cholestatic one represents a diagnostic challenge as it is little recognized. In this case, we report a rare neoplasm corresponding to 5% of peripheral T lymphomas; they usually develop in young adults and in the absence of lymphadenopathy. It also has an adverse prognosis due to refractoriness to chemotherapy. Conclusion: The HSTCL presented in this clinical case represents a complex and infrequent diagnosis. The symptoms and age group were atypical and the identification was possible through a systematic evaluation of the infiltrative pattern and differential diagnoses.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Published
2022
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10. Facing Resistant Bacteria with Plant Essential Oils: Reviewing the Oregano Case

Author

Jorge O. Fimbres-García, Marcela Flores-Sauceda, Elsa Daniela Othon-Díaz, Alfonso García-Galaz, Melvin R. Tapia-Rodríguez, Brenda A. Silva-Espinoza, and Jesus F. Ayala-Zavala

Subjects
Lippia graveolens, carvacrol, antibacterial resistance, ESKAPE group, co-cultures, synergism, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Antibiotic resistance is a serious global threat, and the misuse of antibiotics is considered its main cause. It is characterized by the expression of bacterial defense mechanisms, e.g., β-lactamases, expulsion pumps, and biofilm development. Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are antibiotic-resistant species that cause high morbidity and mortality. Several alternatives are proposed to defeat antibiotic resistance, including antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages, and plant compounds. Terpenes from different plant essential oils have proven antimicrobial action against pathogenic bacteria, and evidence is being generated about their effect against antibiotic-resistant species. That is the case for oregano essential oil (Lippia graveolens), whose antibacterial effect is widely attributed to carvacrol, its main component; however, minor constituents could have an important contribution. The analyzed evidence reveals that most antibacterial evaluations have been performed on single species; however, it is necessary to analyze their activity against multispecies systems. Hence, another alternative is using plant compounds to inactivate hydrolytic enzymes and biofilms to potentiate antibiotics’ effects. Despite the promising results of plant terpenes, more extensive and deep mechanistic studies are needed involving antibiotic-resistant multispecies to understand their full potential against this problem.

Published
2022
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11. Antibiofilm Action of Plant Terpenes in Salmonella Strains: Potential Inhibitors of the Synthesis of Extracellular Polymeric Substances

Author

Julian J. Palomares-Navarro, Ariadna T. Bernal-Mercado, Gustavo A. González-Aguilar, Luis A. Ortega-Ramirez, Miguel A. Martínez-Téllez, and Jesús F. Ayala-Zavala

Subjects
biofilm formation, exopolymeric substances, control biofilm, virulence, terpenoids compounds, foodborne pathogen, Medicine
Abstract

Salmonella can form biofilms that contribute to its resistance in food processing environments. Biofilms are a dense population of cells that adhere to the surface, creating a matrix composed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) consisting mainly of polysaccharides, proteins, and eDNA. Remarkably, the secreted substances, including cellulose, curli, and colanic acid, act as protective barriers for Salmonella and contribute to its resistance and persistence when exposed to disinfectants. Conventional treatments are mostly ineffective in controlling this problem; therefore, exploring anti-biofilm molecules that minimize and eradicate Salmonella biofilms is required. The evidence indicated that terpenes effectively reduce biofilms and affect their three-dimensional structure due to the decrease in the content of EPS. Specifically, in the case of Salmonella, cellulose is an essential component in their biofilms, and its control could be through the inhibition of glycosyltransferase, the enzyme that synthesizes this polymer. The inhibition of polymeric substances secreted by Salmonella during biofilm development could be considered a target to reduce its resistance to disinfectants, and terpenes can be regarded as inhibitors of this process. However, more studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of these compounds against Salmonella enzymes that produce extracellular polymeric substances.

Published
2022
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12. Measuring the proton spectrum in neutron decay - latest results with aSPECT

Author

Simson, M., Guardia, F. Ayala, Baeßler, S., Borg, M., Glück, F., Heil, W., Konorov, I., Konrad, G., Horta, R. Muñoz, Leung, K. K. H., Sobolev, Yu., Soldner, T., Wirth, H. -F., and Zimmer, O.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The retardation spectrometer aSPECT was built to measure the shape of the proton spectrum in free neutron decay with high precision. This allows us to determine the antineutrino electron angular correlation coefficient a. We aim for a precision more than one order of magnitude better than the present best value, which is Delta_a /a = 5%. In a recent beam time performed at the Institut Laue-Langevin during April / May 2008 we reached a statistical accuracy of about 2% per 24 hours measurement time. Several systematic effects were investigated experimentally. We expect the total relative uncertainty to be well below 5%., Comment: Accepted for publication in the Conference Proceedings of the International Workshop on Particle Physics with Slow Neutrons 2008 held at the ILL, France. To be published in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A

Published
2008
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14. A Similarity-Based Solution for Nonlinear Gas Fractional Diffusivity Equation with Application to Rate Transient Analysis of Unconventional Heterogeneous Reservoirs

Author

Miao Zhang, Jonathan Garcez, and Luis F. Ayala

Subjects
Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology
Abstract

Summary Production characteristics of fractured wells in unconventional heterogeneous reservoirs have been shown to be effectively captured via anomalous diffusion model in which a partial differential equation (PDE) with fractional derivatives is solved. This paper presents a novel semianalytical solution of the nonlinear fractional diffusivity equation (FDE) applied to compressible fluid (gas) flow toward hydraulic fractures placed in heterogeneous and complex geological porous media. Self-similar theory and scaling transformation are used to solve the nonlinear PDE of fractional derivative written for real gas flow using density as the primary variable. The governing nonlinear partial gas FDE is transformed to ordinary nonlinear fractional differential equation after introducing similarity variables, which is later solved via shooting method coupled with Runge-Kutta integration. Pressure-dependent gas properties are captured straightforwardly in the solution without resorting to any further linearization via pseudopressure or pseudotime functions. The proposed similarity-based semianalytical solution is benchmarked against a Laplace transform-based analytical solution for linear, liquid FDE, and validated against a finely gridded numerical solution for the nonlinear, gas FDE. The proposed solution enables the diagnostic interpretation and characterization of production responses of unconventional gas wells exhibiting power-law behavior on the premise of anomalous diffusion during early transient period, which permits the estimation of important reservoir and fracture properties as shown in the case studies. Field and numerical examples are presented to showcase the capabilities of the proposed approach in the inverse, rate transient analysis.

Published
2022

15. Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry

Author

Jitendra PS. Sawhney, Veerappa A. Kothiwale, Vikas Bisne, Rajashekhar Durgaprasad, Praveen Jadhav, Manoj Chopda, Velam Vanajakshamma, Ramdhan Meena, Govindan Vijayaraghavan, Kamaldeep Chawla, Jagan Allu, Karen S. Pieper, A. John Camm, Ajay K. Kakkar, Jean-Pierre Bassand, David A. Fitzmaurice, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, Shinya Goto, Sylvia Haas, Werner Hacke, Lorenzo G. Mantovani, Frank Misselwitz, Alexander G.G. Turpie, Martin van Eickels, Freek W.A. Verheugt, Gloria Kayani, Keith A.A. Fox, Bernard J. Gersh, Hector Lucas Luciardi, Harry Gibbs, Marianne Brodmann, Frank Cools, Antonio Carlos Pereira Barretto, Stuart J. Connolly, Alex Spyropoulos, John Eikelboom, Ramon Corbalan, Dayi Hu, Petr Jansky, Jørn Dalsgaard Nielsen, Hany Ragy, Pekka Raatikainen, Jean-Yves Le Heuzey, Harald Darius, Matyas Keltai, Sanjay Kakkar, Jitendra Pal Singh Sawhney, Giancarlo Agnelli, Giuseppe Ambrosio, Yukihiro Koretsune, Carlos Jerjes Sánchez Díaz, Hugo Ten Cate, Dan Atar, Janina Stepinska, Elizaveta Panchenko, Toon Wei Lim, Barry Jacobson, Seil Oh, Xavier Viñolas, Marten Rosenqvist, Jan Steffel, Pantep Angchaisuksiri, Ali Oto, Alex Parkhomenko, Wael Al Mahmeed, David Fitzmaurice, D.Y. Hu, K.N. Chen, Y.S. Zhao, H.Q. Zhang, J.Z. Chen, S.P. Cao, D.W. Wang, Y.J. Yang, W.H. Li, Y.H. Yin, G.Z. Tao, P. Yang, Y.M. Chen, S.H. He, Ying Wang, Yong Wang, G.S. Fu, X. Li, T.G. Wu, X.S. Cheng, X.W. Yan, R.P. Zhao, M.S. Chen, L.G. Xiong, P. Chen, Y. Jiao, Y. Guo, L. Xue, F.Z. Wang, H. Li, Z.M. Yang, C.L. Bai, J. Chen, J.Y. Chen, X. Chen, S. Feng, Q.H. Fu, X.J. Gao, W.N. Guo, R.H. He, X.A. He, X.S. Hu, X.F. Huang, B. Li, J. Li, L. Li, Y.H. Li, T.T. Liu, W.L. Liu, Y.Y. Liu, Z.C. Lu, X.L. Luo, T.Y. Ma, J.Q. Peng, X. Sheng, X.J. Shi, Y.H. Sun, G. Tian, K. Wang, L. Wang, R.N. Wu, Q. Xie, R.Y. Xu, J.S. Yang, L.L. Yang, Q. Yang, Y. Ye, H.Y. Yu, J.H. Yu, T. Yu, H. Zhai, Q. Zhan, G.S. Zhang, Q. Zhang, R. Zhang, Y. Zhang, W.Y. Zheng, B. Zhou, Z.H. Zhou, X.Y. Zhu, S. Kakkar, J.P.S. Sawhney, P. Jadhav, R. Durgaprasad, A.G. Ravi Shankar, R.K. Rajput, K. Bhargava, R. Sarma, A. Srinivas, D. Roy, U.M. Nagamalesh, M. Chopda, R. Kishore, G. Kulkarni, P. Chandwani, R.A. Pothiwala, M. Padinhare Purayil, S. Shah, K. Chawla, V.A. Kothiwale, B. Raghuraman, G. Vijayaraghavan, V.M. Vijan, G. Bantwal, V. Bisne, A. Khan, J.B. Gupta, S. Kumar, D. Jain, S. Abraham, D. Adak, A. Barai, H. Begum, P. Bhattacharjee, M. Dargude, D. Davies, B. Deshpande, P. Dhakrao, V. Dhyani, S. Duhan, M. Earath, A. Ganatra, S. Giradkar, V. Jain, R. Karthikeyan, L. Kasala, S. Kaur, S. Krishnappa, A. Lawande, B. Lokesh, N. Madarkar, R. Meena, P. More, D. Naik, K. Prashanth, M. Rao, N.M. Rao, N. Sadhu, D. Shah, M. Sharma, P. Shiva, S. Singhal, S. Suresh, V. Vanajakshamma, S.G. Panse, Y. Koretsune, S. Kanamori, K. Yamamoto, K. Kumagai, Y. Katsuda, K. Sadamatsu, F. Toyota, Y. Mizuno, I. Misumi, H. Noguchi, S. Ando, T. Suetsugu, M. Minamoto, Hiroshi Oda, K. Shiraishi, S. Adachi, K. Chiba, H. Norita, M. Tsuruta, T. Koyanagi, H. Ando, T. Higashi, K. Okada, S. Azakami, S. Komaki, K. Kumeda, T. Murayama, J. Matsumura, Y. Oba, R. Sonoda, K. Goto, K. Minoda, Y. Haraguchi, H. Suefuji, H. Miyagi, H. Kato, Tadashi Nakamura, Tsugihiro Nakamura, H. Nandate, R. Zaitsu, Yoshihisa Fujiura, A. Yoshimura, H. Numata, J. Ogawa, H. Tatematsu, Y. Kamogawa, K. Murakami, Y. Wakasa, M. Yamasawa, H. Maekawa, S. Abe, H. Kihara, S. Tsunoda, Katsumi Saito, Kazuyuki Saito, T. Fudo, K. Obunai, H. Tachibana, I. Oba, T. Kuwahata, S. Higa, M. Gushiken, T. Eto, H. Yoshida, D. Ikeda, Yoshitake Fujiura, M. Ishizawa, M. Nakatsuka, K. Murata, C. Ogurusu, M. Shimoyama, M. Akutsu, I. Takamura, F. Hoshino, N. Yokota, T. Iwao, K. Tsuchida, M. Takeuchi, Y. Hatori, Y. Kitami, Yoichi Nakamura, R. Oyama, M. Ageta, Hiroyuki Oda, Y. Go, K. Mishima, T. Unoki, S. Morii, Yuhei Shiga, H. Sumi, T. Nagatomo, K. Sanno, K. Fujisawa, Y. Atsuchi, T. Nagoshi, T. Seto, T. Tabuchi, M. Kameko, K. Nii, K. Oshiro, H. Takezawa, S. Nagano, N. Miyamoto, M. Iwaki, Yuichiro Nakamura, M. Fujii, M. Okawa, Masahiko Abe, Masatake Abe, Mitsunori Abe, T. Saito, T. Mito, K. Nagao, J. Minami, T. Mita, I. Sakuma, T. Taguchi, S. Marusaki, H. Doi, M. Tanaka, T. Fujito, M. Matsuta, T. Kusumoto, S. Kakinoki, K. Ashida, N. Yoshizawa, J. Agata, O. Arasaki, M. Manita, M. Ikemura, S. Fukuoka, H. Murakami, S. Matsukawa, Y. Hata, T. Taniguchi, T. Ko, H. Kubo, M. Imamaki, M. Akiyama, M. Inagaki, H. Odakura, T. Ueda, Y. Katsube, A. Nakata, H. Watanabe, M. Techigawara, M. Igarashi, K. Taga, T. Kimura, S. Tomimoto, M. Shibuya, M. Nakano, K. Ito, T. Seo, S. Hiramitsu, H. Hosokawa, M. Hoshiai, M. Hibino, K. Miyagawa, Hajime Horie, N. Sugishita, Yukio Shiga, A. Soma, K. Neya, Tetsuro Yoshida, Tomoki Yoshida, M. Mizuguchi, M. Ishiguro, T. Minagawa, M. Wada, H. Mukawa, F. Okuda, S. Nagasaka, Y. Abe, Sen Adachi, Susumu Adachi, T. Adachi, K. Akahane, T. Amano, K. Aoki, T. Aoyama, H. Arai, S. Arima, T. Arino, H. Asano, T. Asano, J. Azuma, T. Baba, T. Betsuyaku, H. Chibana, H. Date, J. Doiuchi, Y. Emura, M. Endo, Y. Fujii, R. Fujiki, A. Fujisawa, Y. Fujisawa, T. Fukuda, T. Fukui, N. Furukawa, T. Furukawa, W. Furumoto, T. Goto, M. Hamaoka, N. Hanazono, K. Hasegawa, T. Hatsuno, Y. Hayashi, K. Higuchi, K. Hirasawa, H. Hirayama, M. Hirose, S. Hirota, M. Honda, Hideki Horie, T. Ido, O. Iiji, H. Ikeda, K. Ikeda, K. Ikeoka, M. Imaizumi, H. Inaba, T. Inoue, F. Iseki, A. Ishihara, N. Ishioka, N. Ito, T. Iwase, H. Kakuda, J. Kamata, H. Kanai, H. Kanda, M. Kaneko, H. Kano, T. Kasai, T. Kato, Y. Kato, Y. Kawada, K. Kawai, K. Kawakami, S. Kawakami, T. Kawamoto, S. Kawano, J. Kim, T. Kira, H. 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Sterry, T. Wong, M. Boon, R. Bunney, R. Haria-Shah, R.T. Baron, S. Davies, T. Schatzberger, N. Hargreaves, T. Stephenson, H. Choi, R. Batson, L. Lucraft, T. Myhill, S. Estifano, D. Geatch, J. Wilkinson, R. Veale, K. Forshaw, T. Davies, K. Zaman, P. Vinson, C. Liley, M. Bandrapalli, P. McGinty, R. Wastling, P. McEleny, A. Beattie, P. Cooke, M. Wong, J. Gunasegaram, M. Pugsley, S. Ahmad, C. A'Court, J. Ayers, J. Bennett, S. Cartwright, S. Dobson, C. Dooldeniya, A. Flynn, R. Fox, J. Goram, A. Halpin, A. Hay, P. Jacobs, L. Jeffers, L. Lomax, I. Munro, R. Muvva, M. Nadaph, K. Powell, S. Randfield, D. Redpath, R. Reed, M. Rickenbach, G. Rogers, P.B. Saunders, C. Seamark, J. Shewring, P. Simmons, H. Simper, H. Stoddart, A. Sword, N. Thomas, A. Thomson, H. Gibbs, A. Blenkhorn, B. Singh, W. Van Gaal, W. Abhayaratna, R. Lehman, P. Roberts-Thomson, J. Kilian, D. Coulshed, A. Catanchin, D. Colquhoun, H. Kiat, D. Eccleston, J. French, L. Zimmett, B. Ayres, T. Phan, P. Blombery, D. Crimmins, D. O'Donnell, A. Choi, P. Astridge, M. Arstall, N. Jepson, M. Binnekamp, A. Lee, J. Rogers, G. Starmer, P. Carroll, J. Faunt, A. Aggarwala, L. Barry, C. Batta, R. Beveridge, A. Black, M. Bonner, J. Boys, E. Buckley, M. Campo, L. Carlton, A. Connelly, B. Conway, D. Cresp, H. Dimitri, S. Dixon, M. Dolman, M. Duroux, M. Eskandari, R. Eslick, A. Ferreira-Jardim, T. Fetahovic, D. Fitzpatrick, R. Geraghty, J. Gibbs, T. Grabek, M.H. Modi, K. Hayes, M.P. Hegde, L. Hesketh, B. Hoffmann, B. Jacobson, K. Johnson, C. Juergens, I. Kassam, V. Lawlor, M. Lehman, S. Lehman, D. Leung, S. Mackay, M. MacKenzie, C. McCarthy, C. McIntosh, L. McKeon, H. Morrison, C. Mussap, J.-D. Myers, V. Nagalingam, G. Oldfield, V. O'May, J. Palmer, L. Parsons, K. Patching, T. Patching, V. Paul, M. Plotz, S. Preston, H. Rashad, M. Ratcliffe, S. Raynes, J. Rose, L. Sanders, M. Seremetkoska, H. Setio, S. Shone, P. Shrestha, C. Singh, C. Singleton, N. Stoyanov, S. Sutcliffe, K. Swaraj, J. Tarrant, S. Thompson, I.M. Tsay, M. Vorster, A. Waldman, L. Wallis, E. Wilford, K. Wong, S.J. Connolly, A. Spyropoulos, J. Eikelboom, R. Luton, M. Gupta, A.S. Pandey, S. Cheung, R. Leader, P. Beaudry, F. Ayala-Paredes, J. Berlingieri, J. Heath, G. Poirier, M. Du Preez, R. Nadeau, G. Dresser, R. Dhillon, T. Hruczkowski, B. Schweitzer, B. Coutu, P. Angaran, P. MacDonald, S. Vizel, S. Fikry, R. Parkash, A. Lavoie, J. Cha, B. Ramjattan, J. Bonet, K. Ahmad, L. Aro, T. Aves, K. Beaudry, C. Bergeron, J. Bigcanoe, N. Bignell, L. Breakwell, E. Burke, L. Carroll, B. Clarke, T. Cleveland, S. Daheb, P. Dehghani, I. Denis, Z. Djaidani, P. Dorian, S. Douglass, J. Dunnigan, A. Ewert, D. Farquhar, A. Fearon, L. Ferleyko, D. Fournier, B. Fox, M.-C. Grenier, W. Gulliver, K. Haveman, C. Hines, K. Hines, A.M. Jackson, C. Jean, G. Jethoo, R. Kahlon, S. Kelly, R. Kim, V. Korley, J. Kornder, L. Kwan, J. Largy, C. Lewis, S. Lewis, I. Mangat, R. Moor, J. Navratil, I. Neas, J. Otis, R. Otis, M. Pandey, F. Petrie, A. Pinter, M. Raines, P. Roberts, M. Robinson, G. Sas, S. Schulman, L. Snell, S. Spearson, J. Stevenson, T. Trahey, S. Wong, D. Wright, H. Ragy, A. Abd El-Aziz, S.K. Abou Seif, M.G. El Din, S. El Etriby, A. Elbahry, A. El-Etreby, M. Elkhadem, A. Katta, T. Khairy, A. Mowafy, M. Nawar, A. Ohanissian, A. Reda, M. Reda, H. Salem, N. Sami, S. Samir, M. Setiha, M. Sobhy, A. Soliman, N. Taha, M. Tawfik, E. Zaatout, D. Kettles, J. Bayat, H. Siebert, A. Horak, Y. Kelfkens, R. Garda, T. Pillay, M. Guerra, L. van Zyl, H. Theron, A. Murray, R. Louw, D. Greyling, P. Mntla, V. Ueckermann, R. Loghdey, S. Ismail, F. Ahmed, J. Engelbrecht, A. Ramdass, S. Maharajh, W. Oosthuysen, G. Angel, C. Bester, M. Booysen, C. Boshoff, C. Cannon, S. Cassimjee, C. Chami, G. Conway, A. Davids, L. de Meyer, G. Du Plessis, T. Ellis, L. Henley, M. Karsten, E. Loyd, J. Marks, L. Mavhusa, M. Mostert, A. Page, L. Rikhotso, M. Salie, J. Sasto, F. Shaik, A. Skein, L. Smith, G. Tarr, T. Tau, F. van Zyl, W. Al Mahmeed, G. Yousef, A. Agrawal, M. Nathani, M. Ibrahim, E.M. Esheiba, R. Singh, A. Naguib, M. Abu-Mahfouz, M. Al Omairi, A. Al Naeemi, R. Maruthanayagam, N. Bazargani, A. Wassef, R. Gupta, M. Khan, B. Subbaraman, A. Abdul, A. Al Mulla, S. El Bardisy, P. Haridas, S. Jadhav, K. Magdaluyo, M. Makdad, I. Maqsood, R. Mohamed, N. Sharma, R. Sharma, M. Thanzeel, S.Z. Goldhaber, R. Canosa, P. Rama, E. Blumberg, J. Garcia, P. Mullen, V. Wilson, A. Quick, K. Ferrick, W.M. Kutayli, M. Cox, M. Franco, S. Falkowski, R. Mendelson, M. Williams, S. Miller, S. Beach, A. Alfieri, T. Gutowski, I. Haque, R. Reddy, W. Ahmed, P. Delafontaine, D. Diercks, D. Theodoro, K. Remmel, M. Alberts, R. Ison, H. Noveck, P. Duffy, S. Pitta, D. Nishijima, C. Treasure, N. Asafu-Adjaye, K. Ball, M. Bartlett, M. Bentley, S. Bowers, A. Brown, A. Browne, J. Cameron-Watts, M. Canova, D. Cassidy, K. Cervellione, S. Congal, J. DePauw, A. Dickerson, M. Eley, L. Evans, S. Felpel, K. Ferdinand, D. Fielder, P. Gentry, A. Haideri, F. Hakimi, T. Harbour, E. Hartranft, B. Hawkins, M. Headlee, L. Henson, C. Herrick, T. Hicks, S. Jasinski, A. Jones, L. Jones, P. Jones, S. Karl, M. Keeling, J. Kerr, P. Knowles, J. Langdon, M. Lay, J.A. Lee, T. Lincoln, E. Malone, A. Merliss, D. Merritt, J. Minardo, B. Mooso, C. Orosco, V. Palumbo, M. Parker, T. Parrott, S. Paserchia, G. Pearl, J. Peterson, N. Pickelsimer, T. Purcell, J. Raynor, S. Raziano, C. Richard, T. Richardson, C. Robertson, A. Sage, T. Sanghera, P. Shaw, J. Shoemaker, K. Smith, B. Stephanie, A. Thatcher, H. Theobald, N. Thompson, L. Treasure, T. Tripti, C. Verdi, and V. Worthy

Subjects
Surgery, RD1-811, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Background: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD–Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. Methods and results: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012–2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P

Published
2018
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16. A Robust Density-Based Approach to Production Data Analysis of Oil/Water Multiphase Flow System

Author

Kien Tran, Jonathan Garcez, and Luis F. Ayala

Subjects
Fuel Technology, Geochemistry and Petrology, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Mechanical Engineering, Energy Engineering and Power Technology
Abstract

This paper presents a novel approach to estimate reserves of oil and water reservoirs undergoing boundary-dominated flow conditions in a simplified yet accurate manner. The methodology incorporates rescaled density-based exponential models and is based on the coupling of two-phase oil and water material balances with multiphase well deliverability equations. Current multiphase production data analysis methods employed for reserve calculations, including density-based approach, are subjected to the determination of saturation–pressure relationship, multiphase pseudo-pressure, and pseudo-time, as well as the iterative nature of its own algorithm. The herein proposed approach circumvents the need for pseudo-variables calculations, thus precluding the determination of saturation–pressure relationship and removing the iterative nature often present in state-of-the-art approaches. The proposed model is validated by comparing its predictions to numerical models with both constant and variable bottomhole pressure constrains, and has been found to match closely. For all cases, relative errors are found to be less than 1%.

Published
2023

19. Prevalence of sleep disorders, daytime sleepiness and clinical symptomatology in older adults

Author

M.Á. Mendoza-Meléndez, U. Jimenez-Correa, A. Gallegos-Cari, F. Ayala-Guerrero, and A. Jiménez-Anguiano

Subjects
Elderly, Obstructive sleep apnoea, Epidemiology, Sleep medicine, Polysomnography, REM latency, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Introduction: With ageing, changes occur that affect the quality and quantity of sleep. These changes could cause sleep disorders in older adults, causing severe consequences for health and quality of life. However, in Mexico there are no studies addressing the prevalence of sleep disorders in older adults. Objective: To determine the prevalence of sleep disorders, daytime sleepiness and clinical symptomatology in older adults seen at the UNAM Sleep Disorder Clinic in the General Hospital of México. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of 191 medical records and 148 polysomnographic records from adults over 65 years old who were seen at the UNAM School of Medicine Sleep Disorder Clinic from 2009 to 2013 was performed. Results: 82.2% of patients were diagnosed with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome (OSAS). The associated factors found were night-time awakenings (89%), medical comorbidities (84.5%), difficulty waking (70.7%), being overweight or obese (69.1%), among others. Of the total sleep time, they spent 14.2% in N1, 53.8% in N2, 16.1% in N3 and 15.4% in REM. Moreover, a REM sleep latency of 160 min was found. Discussion: Caring for the elderly is a challenge for healthcare systems. The study of sleep disorders is important because of its effects on health and quality of life, so understanding the clinical characteristics of this population will improve the diagnosis, management and referral of these patients.

Published
2016
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22. CONTROL DEL ENTRENAMIENTO DEPORTIVO EN DEPORTISTAS ESCOLARES

Author

Diego A. Alzate S., Carlos F. Ayala Z., and Luis G. Melo B.

Subjects
Adolescent, athletes, control test, sport training, school sport, Agriculture (General), S1-972, Medicine (General), R5-920, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Con el objetivo de determinar si a los deportistas escolares les fueron aplicados pruebas de control durante su proceso de entrenamiento para los IV Juegos Deportivos Escolares Centroamericanos y del Caribe, realizados en Armenia, Colombia, en 2013, fue desarrollado un estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, de corte transversal y alcance descriptivo, a una muestra por conveniencia de 233 deportistas escolares (102 hombres y 131 mujeres), quienes participaron en 12 deportes, representando a nueve países. El promedio de edad fue de 16,9 años ±0,76, con una edad deportiva de 7,26 años±3,27. Fue administrada una encuesta elaborada por el grupo investigador y sometida a criterio de expertos. La información fue tratada con el programa SPSS (versión 17). Se encontró que a nueve de cada 10 deportistas les fueron aplicadas pruebas de control, siendo la más utilizada las físicas, con 169 respuestas, seguida de las médicas y obteniendo el menor número, las psicológicas. Hubo una fuerte asociación entre aplicación de las pruebas de control y deportistas, que pertenecen a ligas en sus respetivos países y medallería de oro obtenida, por diferentes países.

Published
2015

23. The prognostic impact of additional intrathoracic findings in patients with cancer-related pulmonary embolism

Author

Jiménez-Fonseca, P., Carmona-Bayonas, A., Font, C., Plasencia-Martínez, J., Calvo-Temprano, D., Otero, R., Beato, C., Biosca, M., Sánchez, M., Benegas, M., Varona, D., Faez, L., Antonio, M., de la Haba, I., Madridano, O., Solis, M. P., Ramchandani, A., Castañón, E., Marchena, P. J., Martín, M., de la Peña, F. Ayala, Vicente, V., and On behalf of the EPIPHANY study investigators and the Asociación de Investigación de la Enfermedad Tromboembólica de la Región de Murcia

Published
2017
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24. A fugacity-based Lattice Boltzmann method for multicomponent multiphase systems

Author

Muzammil Soomro, Luis F. Ayala, Cheng Peng, and Orlando M. Ayala

Subjects
Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn), FOS: Physical sciences, Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

The free energy model can extend the Lattice Boltzmann method to multiphase systems. However, there is a lack of models capable of simulating multicomponent multiphase fluids with partial miscibility. In addition, existing models cannot be generalized to honor thermodynamic information provided by any multicomponent equation of state of choice. In this paper, we introduce a free energy Lattice Boltzmann model where the forcing term is determined by the fugacity of the species, the thermodynamic property that connects species partial pressure to chemical potential calculations. By doing so, we are able to carry out multicomponent multiphase simulations of partially miscible fluids and generalize the methodology for use with any multicomponent equation of state of interest. We test this fugacity-based Lattice Boltzmann method for the cases of vapor-liquid equilibrium for two and three-component mixtures in various temperature and pressure conditions. We demonstrate that the model is able to reliably reproduce phase densities and compositions as predicted by multicomponent thermodynamics and can reproduce different characteristic pressure-composition and temperature-composition envelopes with a high degree of accuracy. We also demonstrate that the model can offer accurate predictions under dynamic conditions.

Published
2022

26. Numerical Study of Erosion Wear on the Disc of a Butterfly Valve With Laminar Particle-Laden Flows in a Horizontal Pipeline

Author

Orlando M. Ayala, Orlando F. Ayala, and Ricardo Villalba

Abstract

Butterfly valves are used in many processes where they mostly provide on-off control services. Many industrial processes involve fluid flows carrying particles through pipes where butterfly valves are installed. The presence of those particles produces unavoidable erosion on the valves and its study is of great importance. In this paper a numerical study of the erosion wear generated in the disc of a butterfly valve is presented. A laminar flow of water with solid particles was used. The particle-laden flow was allowed to interact following a oneway coupling. The particles felt the gravity force in the horizontal pipeline and when interacting with the pipe walls they were let to bounce right off. The gravitational effect has not been incorporated in previous studies of erosion wear in butterfly valves. To analyze how the particle-fluid interaction behavior and the gravitational force modify the erosion wear pattern, the particle Stokes number (St) and the dimensionless particle fall velocity (Sv) were varied. Without considering gravity (Sv = 0), the dimensionless erosion rates were found to reach their lowest values when St < 1. This was due to the fact that at those Stokes numbers the fluid controls the particle motion, and it moves them away from the disk when close to it. It was also found that at St >> 1 the erosion rates remain constant because the particles maintain their initial dynamics due to their higher inertia. It appears to be that the Stokes number value of one is a critical point. Similarly, when Sv is not zero, it was observed that the dimensionless particle fall velocity value of 10 appear to also be a critical point. For Sv << 10, the behavior of the impact velocity, impact angle and erosion rate were similar to the ones described of the previous study without gravity. For Sv ≥ 10, the behavior of the impact velocity, impact angle (and therefore the erosion rate) were affected by how the particles interacted with the pipe walls prior to reaching the butterfly valve disc. For very small values of St and very large values of Sv, the particles did not even reach the disc. The magnitudes of dimensionless impact velocity and impact angle have lower values at Sv < 10 and higher values at Sv > 10, thanks to the fact that gravity increased the particle velocity and forced them to bounce with the pipe before hitting the valve. For St∼1 and Sv > 10 the impact velocities and erosion rates present maximums, as a consequence of gravity transferring energy to particles as they bounce through the pipe, and to the high velocity flow near the center of the pipe that also added energy to the particles that approached it.

Published
2022

27. Specific Ethogram of the Mexican four-eyed octopus:Octopus maya

Author

D.A. González-Navarrete, F. Vergara-Ovalle, P. García-Andaluz, F. Ayala-Guerrero, C. Rosas, P. Vázquez-León, D.B. Paz-Trejo, and H. Sánchez-Castillo

Abstract

Historically, behavior studies have focused mainly on animals of two phyla in particular: Craniata and Arthropoda, however, behavioral research on alternative phyla like mollusks has been increasing because of the potential for research that these models present. When we talk about mollusk behavior, cephalopods are the first group that stands out, however, research on Mexico’s endemic species likeOctopus maya, is still lacking. This octopus could help to reach a standardized model in neuroscience, because adapts well to laboratory conditions and has been successfully cultured through several generations. These characteristics provide a great advantage as a research model since they could reduce the number of variables that affect behavioral studies, something hard to control with a captured-wild octopus. Hence, in order to work properly with species like this, in research environments, it’s fundamental to know first the behaviors that this species can perform there. Therefore, the objective of this study was to elaborate an ethogram that describes the behavioral repertoire thatO. mayadisplays in laboratory conditions. Thirteen individuals ofO. maya(6-20g) were used and maintained in tanks with a closed circulation seawater system and illuminated with a red light of 30 lx in a 12:12 LD cycle. Nine of these individuals were used for anad libitumsampling of behaviors to name, define, categorize and operationally describe them. The last four individuals were used to establish day/night activity patterns, (length and frequency of behaviors throughout the day). The obtained results showed thatO. mayahas a wide behavioral repertoire with at least twenty-three behaviors, which were included in six different behavioral categories. The obtained results showed thatO. mayahas a wide behavioral repertoire with at least twenty-three behaviors, which were organized in six different behavioral categories. Also, this species showed differentiated activity patterns between day and night, with peaks of activity, distribution, and frequencies of activity behaviors mainly during the light hours. These results showed thatO. mayahas behaviors comparable with other octopus species and support the proposal for its use as a viable research model. Knowing the behavioral repertoire ofO. mayaallows for better control in future behavioral studies using this model, provides the main tools to evaluate the organism’s health and status, and supports its use for research in neuroscience and cognition.

Published
2022

28. Dual-chamber paced patients without high-degree AV block at baseline are at higher risk of atrial arrhythmias when inappropriately paced in the right ventricle: a sub-analysis of the EMERALD study

Author

A Di Cori, J A Lapuerta, D Dan, J Hansen, G Trim, F Ayala-Paredes, B Coutu, R Martin-Asenjo, D Contardi, A Olivier, R Clark, and M G Bongiorni

Subjects
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract

Background/Introduction Unnecessary right ventricular pacing (RVP) can have deleterious effects including an increased risk of atrial arrhythmia (AA) and heart failure during follow-up (FU) in dual-chamber (DR) paced patients. While previous studies have shown that these increased risks occur with RVP>40%, the EMERALD Study demonstrated an increased risk for RVP>1%. Few data exist on the interaction between the amount of RVP and the presence/absence of high-degree atrio-ventricular block (AVB) as a pacing indication at baseline. Purpose The EMERALD (AssEssment of CoMorbiditiEs & Atrial ArRhythmiA Burden In DuaL-Chamber PaceD Patients) Study was a real-world registry designed to assess the impact of RVP burden on the risk of developing persistent/permanent AA (Pers-AA) over 2-year FU. The primary endpoint was the difference in Pers-AA in subjects with high (>40%) and low ( Methods EMERALD was a non-interventional, prospective, multi-center registry conducted at 186 centers in 12 countries. Enrolled subjects were implanted with a DR pacemaker according to ESC or ACC/AHA/HRS guidelines. Subjects were excluded if they had a history of Pers-AA. Devices could be implanted as de-novo, replacement or upgrade therapy. Programming was left to the investigators' discretion. Subjects were followed for at least 24 months. Pers-AA was defined as: >22 h/day of AA for >7 consecutive days; Pers-AA diagnosed during any FU visit; AA-related ablation or cardioversion carried out in the FU period. We compared the incidence of Pers-AA between subjects with (n=1529) and without (n=1948) high-degree AVB as a baseline pacing indication. Results Eligible FU data were available for n=3477 subjects. The overall population was nearly evenly split - High RVP (47.7%) and Low RVP (52.3%). In the High RVP group, 11.7% experienced at least one Pers-AA episode versus 9.1% in the Low RVP group (p=0.006). In this sub-analysis, the prevalence of RVP>40% was higher in patients with high-degree AVB at baseline (74% vs 26%). Although the incidence of Pers-AA was similar in the group with high-degree AVB at baseline (High RVP 8.7% vs Low RVP 7.4%), in the group without high-degree AVB at baseline, those with High RVP developed a significantly higher incidence of Pers-AA (High RVP 18.2% vs Low RVP 9.5%, p value for interaction 0.0275; Figure 1). An analysis with a newly identified RVP threshold of 1% confirmed a high incidence of Pers-AA only in the group without high-degree AVB at baseline (18% vs 3.5%, p value for interaction 0.2265; Figure 2). Conclusions The baseline pacing indication sub-analysis of the EMERALD Study shows that patients without high-degree AVB as a baseline indication are at highest risk of Pers-AA. Efforts should be made to avoid any unnecessary RVP in this subgroup of patients. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): MicroPort CRM (Clamart, France)

Published
2022

29. Simulation analysis of Cd1-xZnxS/Sb2(Se1-xSx)3 solar cells with n-i-p structure

Author

M. M. Nicolás-Marín, F. Ayala-Mató, Maykel Courel, and Osvaldo Vigil-Galán

Subjects
Limiting factor, Work (thermodynamics), Materials science, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, 020209 energy, Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Solar cell efficiency, chemistry, law, Ternary compound, Solar cell, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology, Layer (electronics)
Abstract

In this work, the use of Cd1-xZnxS ternary compound as an alternative ETL layer to CdS in solar cells with FTO/CdS/Sb2(Se1-xSx)3/spiro-OMeTAD/Au structure is evaluated for the first time. Numerical calculations on Sb2(Se1-xSx)3 solar cells with CdS and Cd1-xZnxS as ETL layers are performed for comparison. Experimental data reported for CdS/Sb2(Se1-xSx)3 solar cell are reproduced with good agreement, thereby validating our model. A solar cell efficiency enhancement from 10.0% to 13.3% is found with the use of a Cd1-xZnxS layer with a Zn concentration of 0.4 and a thickness of 70 nm. The impact of defects at Cd1-xZnxS/Sb2(Se1-xSx)3 and Sb2(Se1-xSx)3/spiro-OMeTAD interfaces and Sb2(Se1-xSx)3 bulk on solar cell behavior is evaluated. In particular, we found that defects at Cd1-xZnxS/Sb2(Se1-xSx)3 interface stand as the main limiting factor of this technology. Finally, an efficiency of 14.8% is demonstrated with the reduction of interface defects to values of about 1011 cm−2. Under this condition, more attention should be paid to reducing the effect of series and shunt resistances in order to increase solar cell efficiency from 14.8% to 17.4%.

Published
2021

30. Clasificación de los valores de rango de movimiento de la extremidad inferior en jugadores de fútbol sala

Author

A. Cejudo, P. Sainz de Baranda, F. Ayala, and F. Santonja

Subjects
Flexibilidad, rango de movimiento, condición física, deportes., Sports, GV557-1198.995
Abstract

Objetivo: Clasificar los valores de flexibilidad de la extremidad inferior en jugadores de la 2ª División de la Liga Nacional de fútbol sala. Método: 60 jugadores fueron valorados mediante la versión básica del protocolo ROM-SPORT. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y por percentiles para clasificarlos valores de los siete movimientos evaluados. Resultados y conclusión: El presente estudio define el perfil normal de flexibilidad de la extremidad inferior en un rango de valores entre 8-17º para la extensión de cadera, 39-45º para la flexión de tobillo con rodilla extendida, 40-47º para la flexión de tobillo con rodilla flexionada, 42-47º para la abducción de cadera, 76-96º para la flexión de cadera con rodilla extendida, 116-139º para la flexión de rodilla y 141-147º para la flexión de cadera. Valores superiores a este rango se pueden considerar dentro del perfil óptimo mientras que valores inferiores se pueden considerar dentro del perfil limitado.

Published
2017
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31. Development of a Tube Plasma Ion Source for Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis and Comparison with Other Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Techniques

Author

Juan F. Ayala-Cabrera, Jasmin Turkowski, Florian Uteschil, and Oliver J. Schmitz

Subjects
Ions, Plasma, Atmospheric Pressure, Chemie, Gases, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Analytical Chemistry
Abstract

A tube plasma ionization (TPI) open-air source for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed. This source is based on an inverse low temperature plasma configuration where the pin inner electrode is applying the high voltage and the grounded electrode is the housing itself. The ionization possibilities were tested by using an EPA mix of priority contaminants, showing that 68% of the analytes could undergo both proton-transfer and charge-exchange reactions. The potential of using different discharge gases (He and Ar) to ionize the analytes and auxiliary gases (He, N

Published
2022

32. Review on atmospheric pressure ionization sources for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Part II: Current applications

Author

Juan F. Ayala-Cabrera, Lidia Montero, Sven W. Meckelmann, Florian Uteschil, and Oliver J. Schmitz

Subjects
Atmospheric Pressure, Vacuum, Cell Movement, Environmental Chemistry, Metabolomics, Biochemistry, Spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Analytical Chemistry
Abstract

The application of atmospheric pressure ionization (API) sources in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) determinations is becoming more popular since they have shown great capabilities to sort out the main drawbacks of vacuum ionization techniques like electron ionization (EI) and chemical ionization (CI). The development of new API techniques and set-ups have grown in the last decades, opening the field of GC-MS to new applications and facing some of the major issues in current analytical methodologies such as the requirement of a compromise between sensitivity and selectivity. Thus, this review is mainly focused on the use of GC-API-MS in different application fields such as food analysis (food safety and food metabolomics), environmental analysis, clinical analysis, drug and pharmaceutical analysis, and petroleomics, among others. The methodologies have been critically reviewed to compare the performance of different API sources and approaches, highlighting the main contributions to overcoming some of the major limitations of the current methodologies as well as the new perspectives that GC-API-MS might open in the different fields.

Published
2022

33. 134P Impact of pre-operative MammaPrint/BluePrint use for final treatment decisions in patients with stage II/IIIa HR+/HER2- early-stage breast cancer eligible for neoadjuvant chemotherapy: The DETERMIND study

Author

S. Marin-Liebana, S. Morales, A. Anton Torres, V. Iranzo, A.L. Guerrero Zotano, J. Ponce, E. Adrover, P. Sanchez-Rovira, A. Perello Martorell, L. de la Cruz Merino, M. Ruiz Borrego, J.C. Toral, F. Ayala de la Pena, and A. Llombart Cussac

Subjects
Cancer Research, Oncology
Published
2023

34. 234P Real-world treatment patterns and outcomes of patients receiving palbociclib plus endocrine therapy in Spain: Subgroup analysis based on age, sites and number of metastatic locations, menopausal status and dose received from PALBOSPAIN study

Author

F. Moreno Anton, M. Bellet-Ezquerra, L.M. Manso Sanchez, F. Henao Carrasco, A. Anton Torres, S. Morales, P. Tolosa Ortega, V.L. Obadia Gil, T. Sampedro, R. Andrés Conejero, L. Calvo-Martinez, E. Galve-Calvo, R. López, F. Ayala de la Pena, S. Lopez-Tarruella Cobo, B.A. Hernando Fernandez, L. Boronat Ruiz, T. Martos Cardenas, J.I. Chacon, and N. Martinez Jañez

Subjects
Cancer Research, Oncology
Published
2023

36. Lectura del avance del ODS 6 en América Latina y el Caribe

Author

Carlos F. Uraza, Luis F. Ayala, Juan P. Londoño, and Maria A. Caicedo

Abstract

Este estudio analiza la correlación entre la condición económica de un país y su proyección para cumplir en 2030 las metas del ODS 6 (agua y saneamiento). La proyección se realizó con registros entre los años 2000 y 2017. Se concluye que un país con buen nivel económico tiende a avanzar en la extensión de sus redes de servicios básicos, y esa relación es de mayor tendencia a la cobertura del servicio de saneamiento, que al de abastecimiento de agua.

Published
2020

38. Quantification and identification of bile acids in saliva by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: Possible non-invasive diagnostics of Barrett's esophagus?

Author

Věra Dosedělová, Markéta Laštovičková, Juan F. Ayala-Cabrera, Jiří Dolina, Štefan Konečný, Oliver J. Schmitz, and Petr Kubáň

Subjects
Formates, Taurine, Methanol, Organic Chemistry, Chemie, Glycine, General Medicine, Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry, Analytical Chemistry, Bile Acids and Salts, Barrett Esophagus, Humans, Saliva, Chromatography, Liquid
Abstract

Bile acids are a group of steroid compounds essential for lipid digestion. However, when bile acids are refluxed into the stomach and the esophagus, during the so called duodenogastroesophageal reflux, they can have a detrimental effect on the esophageal epithelium and cause pathological changes of esophageal tissue, e.g., Barrett's esophagus (BE). The levels of bile acids in saliva could therefore serve as possible biomarkers for the diagnostics of BE. In this work, we focused on optimization of sample collection and preparation by solid-phase extraction and subsequent quantification of 11 bile acids (unconjugated, glycine-conjugated) in saliva from healthy volunteers and BE patients by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Moreover, high resolution MS (Orbitrap-MS) was utilized for identification of new bile acids in saliva. Methods for saliva collection including simple spitting and the Salivette® saliva collection system were compared; the latter was found to be unsuitable due to excessive retention of bile acids in the cotton swab. Methanol with 0.1% formic acid were selected for protein precipitation and bile acid extraction prior to SPE. Separation was performed in gradient elution of methanol and 0.1% formic acid in less than 10 min. Saliva from BE patients contained higher levels of almost all bile acids, and the tested groups could be distinguished by principal component analysis. In untargeted analysis by high resolution MS, taurine-conjugated bile acids and glycine-conjugated dihydroxy-bile acid sulfate were identified in saliva from healthy volunteers. We propose that analysis of salivary bile acids including taurine conjugates could be applicable in diagnostics of BE, following a larger clinical study.

Published
2022

39. Review on atmospheric pressure ionization sources for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Part I: Current ion source developments and improvements in ionization strategies

Author

Juan F. Ayala-Cabrera, Lidia Montero, Sven W. Meckelmann, Florian Uteschil, and Oliver J. Schmitz

Subjects
Atmospheric Pressure, Vacuum, Environmental Chemistry, Biochemistry, Spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Analytical Chemistry, Chromatography, Liquid
Abstract

The use of atmospheric pressure ionization (API) sources has become very popular for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) determinations. GC-API-MS shows important advantages over traditional vacuum ionization sources such as a lower fragmentation preserving the molecular or quasi-molecular ion, the combination of GC separations with advanced mass spectrometers typically developed for liquid chromatography (LC) systems, a significantly higher sensitivity, or the reduction of costs due to the capability to use the same MS for both LC- and GC- couplings. For these reasons, the development of new API sources and GC-API-MS platforms has exponentially increased during the last years. Thus, this review is mainly focused on the last advances in GC-API-MS instrumentation. New setups and couplings on extensively reported API techniques as well as the development of new API sources for GC-MS coupling are thoroughly discussed. Moreover, novel ionization strategies have been reviewed to overcome some of the drawbacks of GC-API-MS methodologies.

Published
2022

41. Procedimientos de exploración y valores de referencia del rango de movimiento de la abducción de la cadera en deportistas. ¿Una herramienta en la prevención de lesiones?

Author

A. Cejudo, P. Sainz de Baranda, F. Santonja, and F. Ayala

Subjects
rango de movimiento, flexibilidad, abducción de la cadera, deporte., Sports, GV557-1198.995
Abstract

El rango de movimiento limitado de la abducción de la cadera por una menor extensibilidad o cortedad de los aductores predispone a ciertas lesiones deportivas. Las pruebas angulares de la Abducciónde la Caderacon Pierna Recta (ABPR) y la Abducción de la Cadera en Flexión (ABF) deben incluirse en cualquier evaluación deportiva músculo-esquelética. La utilización de ambas pruebas exploratorias permitirá evaluar específicamente la extensibilidad aductora. Para la medición del rango será necesario el uso de un goniómetro de rama larga y de un inclinómetro con varilla telescópica. De manera general, se han encontrado elevados valores de fiabilidad relativa y absoluta en el test ABPR. Por el contrario, no se han encontrado estudios que analicen la fiabilidad del test ABF.

Published
2016
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42. Effects of a Diet Supplemented with Fruit Antioxidants (Mango) on the Expression of Kir6.2 (KCNJ11) in the Hippocampus and Kidney of Diabetic Rats

Author

J. F. Ayala-Zavala, D. P. Romo-Robles, Marcelino Montiel-Herrera, J. A. Domínguez-Avila, Gustavo A. González-Aguilar, and Humberto Astiazarán-García

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Kidney, Physiology, General Neuroscience, Inflammation, Kir6.2, Biology, medicine.disease, Streptozotocin, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Pulp (tooth), Hippocampus (mythology), medicine.symptom, medicine.drug
Abstract

Diabetes induces inflammation in the brain and kidneys; it is also known to be linked with changes in the expression and functionality of Kir channels. Diets rich in antioxidants (e.g., phenolic compounds) tend to reduce diabetes-related oxidative damage in several organs and the expression of K+ channels. We evaluated the effect of a diet supplemented with mango cv. ‘Ataulfo’ pulp and peel on the expression of the genes of K+ channels in the brain (hippocampus) and kidney of diabetic rats. Groups of experimental (streptozotocin, STZ-induced diabetes) male Wistar rats were fed with a diet supplemented with mango cv. ‘Ataulfo’ to evaluate, through end-point and quantitative PCR, what K+ channel genes change their expression in the hippocampus and kidneys. We found that mango supplementation produced significant differences in the relative mRNA expression of Kir6.2 (KCNJ11) in both tissues. In the kidney, the expression increased significantly, while in the hippocampus, mango supplementation decreased or increased it depending on when supplementation began, before or after diabetes was induced, respectively. Thus, mango supplementation in this diabetes model exerted significant qualitative and quantitative changes to the expression of K+ channels’ genes in the hippocampus and kidneys of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

Published
2020

43. Experimental Study of Gas/Liquid Diffusion in Porous Rocks and Bulk Fluids To Investigate the Effect of Rock-Matrix Hindrance

Author

Xuanqing Lou, Luis F. Ayala, Nirjhor Chakraborty, Narayana Rao Nagarajan, Zein Wijaya, and Zuleima T. Karpyn

Subjects
Materials science, 020401 chemical engineering, Liquid diffusion, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Effective diffusion coefficient, 02 engineering and technology, 0204 chemical engineering, Composite material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Porosity, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Summary The design of oil-recovery processes by gas injection or vapor solvent relies on the knowledge of diffusion coefficients to enable meaningful production predictions. However, laboratory measurements of diffusion coefficients are often performed on bulk fluids, without accountability for the hindrance caused by the pore-network structure and tortuosity of porous media. As such, our ability to predict effective diffusion coefficients in porous rocks is inadequate, and additional laboratory work is needed to investigate the impact of the medium itself on transport by diffusion. A vast number of studies focus on measurements of diffusion coefficients on simple binary systems and a few heavy-oil systems. This study proposes an experimental methodology, based on the pressure-decay technique, to measure diffusion of gas (methane) in crude oil within a porous rock. A diffusion experiment of gas into bulk oil (without porous medium) provides an upper-limit estimation of the gas/liquid-diffusion coefficient. Diffusion experiments using Indiana Limestone and Bakken Shale provide insight into different degrees of rock-matrix hindrance. Two analytical models and one numerical model were implemented to estimate the diffusion coefficients from time-dependent experimental pressure-decay data. These diffusion coefficients were found to be in agreement with literature on corresponding data, demonstrating the validity of the modeling approaches used. Results indicate considerable hindrance to diffusion in porous media relative to bulk oil and relate to the tortuosity of the rock matrix. The diffusion coefficient of methane in bulk oil was found to be 3.8×10−9 m2/s. In the limestone sample, this diffusion coefficient dropped by one order of magnitude, ranging between 1.5 and 6.5×10−10 m2/s, and decreased by another order of magnitude in the Bakken Shale sample to 2.0×10−11 m2/s. By comparing the influence of tortuosity with increasing the initial pressure, results show that tortuosity has a more-significant impact on the effective diffusion coefficient than the initial pressure.

Published
2020

44. Medical education from the point of view of medical students: Results from four participatory Delphi panels in Quito, Ecuador

Author

M B Torres Moscoso, S E Puga Martinez, B D Jara Santamaria, A R Guerra Velastegui, A L Ordoñez Paz, E G Eid Arellano, T C Muenala, D A Barba Carrera, D C Guevara Baez, P J Gallegos Miranda, J F Ayala Mullo, C J Rueda Ordoñez, P D Estrella Porter, J C Del Castillo Arellano, P X Condo Espinel, M C Fierro Valle, J A Lopez Diaz, M A Vaca Porras, J C Mejia Viana, A D Oquendo Carrera, P M Muenala, M I Viteri Suárez, E S Cabascango Vasquez, J A Estrella Porter, B I Nicolalde López, G E Tixi Tapia, L P Soto Gutierrez, A C Falconi Paez, J. Guillemot, M C Palacios Granda, E F Ortiz Duque, G F Moya Quitto, N S Pantoja Borja, and A. Barros Castro

Subjects
Medical education, Students, Medical, Delphi Technique, Education, Medical, Point (typography), Citizen journalism, General Medicine, Education, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, Humans, Curriculum, Ecuador, Sociology, computer, Delphi, Education, Medical, Undergraduate, computer.programming_language
Abstract

Medical curricula have historically been designed in a top-down approach, usually excluding students. While Delphi panels have been used as a tool for medical education curricula design, none have been conducted in Ecuador. In addition, no such approach has ever included students both as panelists and researchers. Four Delphi panels were developed and conducted using a participatory approach that allowed medical students to take part both as expert panelists and researchers: specifically, students developed the questionnaire and conducted a qualitative synthesis. Questionnaire responses were anonymized and dispatched online to panelists. The information was organized and collected to develop the qualitative syntheses and prepare the final statements. Thirty-two medical students participated between February and May 2018. A total of 32 questions were developed, corresponding to five different categories. For some questions, consensus was reached; for other questions, general statements were obtained. Discussion and conclusion: Developing the questionnaire, responding to it and analyzing the answers allowed students to raise significant concerns regarding medical education topics proposing relevant policy and curricula change. Participatory Delphi panels can be an efficient tool to obtain organized feedback, improve student class involvement, and promote research skills.

Published
2020

45. The Dual-Reciprocity Boundary Element Method Solution for Gas Recovery from Unconventional Reservoirs with Discrete Fracture Networks

Author

Miao Zhang and Luis F. Ayala

Subjects
Discrete fracture, 020401 chemical engineering, Mathematical analysis, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, 0204 chemical engineering, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, 01 natural sciences, Boundary element method, Geology, Dual reciprocity boundary element method, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

SummaryIn this paper, we present a novel application of the dual-reciprocity boundary-element formulation (DRBEM) to model compressible (gas) fluid flow in tight and shale-gas reservoirs containing arbitrary distributed finite- or infinite-conductivity discrete fractures. Compared with the standard boundary-element method (BEM), the DRBEM transforms the nonlinear domain integrals at the righthand side (RHS) of BEM formulations for nonlinear partial differential equations into equivalent boundary integrals. This transformation allows retention of the domain-integral-free, boundary-integral-only character of standard BEM approaches. The proposed approach is based on coupling DRBEM with the finite-volume method (FVM) in which a multidimensional system is solved by integrating over a line with random fractures. The resulting system of equations is solved simultaneously for fracture and matrix boundary conditions by combining DRBEM and FVM without invoking any approximation for pressure-dependent nonlinear terms such as gas viscosity and compressibility. Numerical examples and field cases are presented to test the validity and showcase the capabilities of the proposed approach. The proposed model provides a general framework that can be applied to a variety of well and fracture geometries and operating schedules, and it is used to analyze production behavior for these complex systems. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first successful application of the dual-reciprocity principle to the BEM analysis of massively fractured horizontal wells (MFHWs) performance in natural-gas formations in which nonlinear, pressure-dependent gas properties are captured without approximation.

Published
2020

46. Use of a New Thermodynamics-Based Saturation/Pressure Relationship in Two-Phase Rate-Transient Analysis of Boundary-Dominated Gas/Condensate Reservoirs

Author

Qian Sun and Luis F. Ayala

Subjects
Materials science, Vapor pressure, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Boundary (topology), Thermodynamics, 02 engineering and technology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Transient analysis, 01 natural sciences, 020401 chemical engineering, Phase (matter), 0204 chemical engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Summary Considerable research has been focused on the development of rate-transient-analysis (RTA) models to estimate the reserves of gas/condensate reservoirs. Currently, broadly deployed RTA tools rely on multiphase pseudopressure concepts to enable multiphase production-data analysis. In any multiphase pseudopressure calculation, the determination of the saturation/pressure (So/p) relationship plays a vital role because it directly influences the ability of multiphase RTA methods to reliably forecast original gas in place (OGIP). In this work, we present a thermodynamics-based So/p model that provides a better understanding of the phase behavior for the boundary-dominated gas/condensate reservoirs. The proposed So/p model is derived from the thermodynamic nature of extended black-oil formulations. A noniterative flash-calculation protocol is used to establish the So/p path in the condensate-buildup region. The developed method can be coupled with RTA tools and services for the calculation of multiphase pseudopressure. In this work, we present case studies of three gas/condensate reservoirs with different types of fluids. Two RTA multiphase analysis models are used to scrutinize the production data using the newly proposed So/p relationship, and results are compared with the use of a traditional steady-state method coupled with constant-volume-depletion (CVD) data. Results of the case studies show that RTA models that use the proposed So/p consistently yield more accurate OGIP estimation. Thus, this work presents a practical approach to remove commonly used yet potentially faulty assumptions in multiphase RTA applications for liquid-rich gas/condensate reservoirs.

Published
2020

49. Potential of atmospheric pressure ionization sources for the analysis of free fatty acids in clinical and biological samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Author

Paul E. Görs, Pia Wittenhofer, Juan F. Ayala-Cabrera, and Sven W. Meckelmann

Subjects
Plasma, Atmospheric Pressure, Fatty Acids, Chemie, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Biochemistry, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Analytical Chemistry
Abstract

Because of the central role of fatty acids in biological systems, their accurate quantification is still important. However, the impact of the complex matrix of biologically and clinically relevant samples such as plasma, serum, or cells makes the analysis still challenging, especially, when free non-esterified fatty acids have to be quantified. Here we developed and characterized a novel GC–MS method using pentafluorobenzyl bromide as a derivatization agent and compared different ionization techniques such as atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), atmospheric pressure chemical photoionization (APPI), and negative ion chemical ionization (NICI). The GC-APCI-MS showed the lowest limits of detection from 30 to 300 nM for a broad range of fatty acids and a similar response for various fatty acids from a chain length of 10 to 20 carbon atoms. This allows the number of internal standards necessary for accurate quantification to be reduced. Moreover, the use of pentafluorobenzyl bromide allows the direct derivatization of free fatty acids making them accessible for GC–MS analysis without labor-intense sample pretreatment.

Published
2022

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