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Background The National Organized Colorectal Cancer Screening Program (DOCCR) was introduced in 2008. The participation rate in France is much lower than the European recommendations (33.5% versus 45%). There are significant disparities across France. The objective was to assess whether there are disparities in participation rates within the Bouches-du-Rhône(BdR) department and to study the possible correlation of these geographical areas with their level of precariousness. Methods Based on data collected by the ARCADES association (management structure in charge of cancer screening in the BdR region), 325,207 people in 2012 and 489,953 in 2017 were invited to participate in the DOCCR. The participation was analysed in two aspects: participation rate (TP) (test carried out) and participation rate of those who took a test or expressed a justified refusal (TPJ) (personal or family history, other test under 2 years old, colonoscopy under 5 years old). An average precariousness rate was also assessed per municipality based on 2012 INSEE data for the age group concerned. Results The TP were 18.9% in 2012 and 14.4% in 2017; the TPJ were 22.8% and 16.4% respectively and differs significantly between the municipalities in the department (p < 0.001). The average precariousness rate observed in our population was 12.3 (±8.2). The TPJ is inversely correlated with the precariousness rate: the higher the latter, the lower the participation rate (R=-0.58 in 2012, R=-0.539 in 2017; p < 0.05). The average participation rate whatever the year is lower for municipalities with a precariousness rate below the median (19.2 ± 2 versus 16.9 ± 3.5 for the year 2017). Conclusions Participation rates in 2012 and 2017 are lower than the European recommendations. The participation is significantly related to the average rate of precariousness; the most vulnerable participate less well. Specific actions towards the most vulnerable are to be considered in order to improve adherence to the DOCCR. Key messages The participation organized colorectal cancer screening program is significantly related to the average rate of precariousness. Specific actions towards the most precarious are to be considered in order to improve adherence to the DOCCR.

Objectives The present study investigated presentation modality differences in lexical encoding and working memory representations of spoken words of older, hearing-impaired adults. Two experiments were undertaken: a memory-scanning experiment and a stimulus gating experiment. The primary objective of experiment 1 was to determine whether memory encoding and retrieval and scanning speeds are different for easily identifiable words presented in auditory-visual (AV), auditory-only (AO), and visual-only (VO) modalities. The primary objective of experiment 2 was to determine if memory encoding and retrieval speed differences observed in experiment 1 could be attributed to the early availability of AV speech information compared with AO or VO conditions. Design Twenty-six adults over age 60 years with bilateral mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss participated in experiment 1, and 24 adults who took part in experiment 1 participated in experiment 2. An item recognition reaction-time paradigm (memory-scanning) was used in experiment 1 to measure (1) lexical encoding speed, that is, the speed at which an easily identifiable word was recognized and placed into working memory, and (2) retrieval speed, that is, the speed at which words were retrieved from memory and compared with similarly encoded words (memory scanning) presented in AV, AO, and VO modalities. Experiment 2 used a time-gated word identification task to test whether the time course of stimulus information available to participants predicted the modality-related memory encoding and retrieval speed results from experiment 1. Results The results of experiment 1 revealed significant differences among the modalities with respect to both memory encoding and retrieval speed, with AV fastest and VO slowest. These differences motivated an examination of the time course of stimulus information available as a function of modality. Results from experiment 2 indicated the encoding and retrieval speed advantages for AV and AO words compared with VO words were mostly driven by the time course of stimulus information. The AV advantage seen in encoding and retrieval speeds is likely due to a combination of robust stimulus information available to the listener earlier in time and lower attentional demands compared with AO or VO encoding and retrieval. Conclusions Significant modality differences in lexical encoding and memory retrieval speeds were observed across modalities. The memory scanning speed advantage observed for AV compared with AO or VO modalities was strongly related to the time course of stimulus information. In contrast, lexical encoding and retrieval speeds for VO words could not be explained by the time-course of stimulus information alone. Working memory processes for the VO modality may be impacted by greater attentional demands and less information availability compared with the AV and AO modalities. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that the presentation modality for speech inputs (AV, AO, or VO) affects how older adult listeners with hearing loss encode, remember, and retrieve what they hear.

Nanoletters, 15 (7), ISSN:2079-4991

The interaction of slow ions ( v ∼ 0.4 a.u. ) with a small polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, namely anthracene (C 14 H 10 ), is studied in the gas-phase either with the isolated molecule or with a pure cluster target. We discuss the ionization and fragmentation of the molecule with respect to the projectile charge state, i.e. for singly charged He + ions and for multiply charged Xe 20+ ions. For the isolated C 14 H 10 , single or multiple ionization of the molecule occurs under ion impact. The (multi) cation relative yields are compared with those obtained by other ionization methods (electron and fs-laser). The molecular dissociation occurs by loss of hydrogen and small hydrocarbon molecules, leading to the formation of C n H x cations. The interaction of Xe 20+ with C 14 H 10 clusters gives surprising results, i.e. the emission of hotter monomer compared to the interaction with He + .

Resume L’arsenal therapeutique des cancers s’est considerablement etoffe avec le developpement des therapies ciblees. Parmi ces traitements, des molecules anti-angiogeniques inhibant la voie de l’angiogenese disposent deja d’une autorisation de mise sur le marche dans differentes indications. Le sorafenib, un des representants de cette classe, est indique dans le traitement du carcinome hepatocellulaire avance et du carcinome renal avance. Cet article fait le point sur le profil de tolerance du sorafenib et sur les modalites de prevention et de prise en charge des effets indesirables les plus frequemment rencontres.

Satellite altimetry has been designed for sea level monitoring over open ocean areas. However, since some years, this technology is also used for observing inland water levels of lakes and rivers. In this paper, a new approach for the estimation of inland water level time series is described. It is used for the computation of time series available through the web service "Database for Hydrological Time Series over Inland Water" (DAHITI). The method is based on a Kalman filter approach incorporating multi-mission altimeter observations and their uncertainties. As input data, cross-calibrated altimeter data from Envisat, ERS-2, Jason-1, Jason-2, Topex/Poseidon, and SARAL/AltiKa are used. The paper presents water level time series for a variety of lakes and rivers in North and South America featuring different characteristics such as shape, lake extent, river width, and data coverage. A comprehensive validation is performed by comparison with in-situ gauge data and results from external inland altimeter databases. The new approach yields RMS differences with respect to in-situ data between 4 and 38 cm for lakes and 12 and 139 cm for rivers, respectively. For most study cases, more accurate height information than from available other altimeter data bases can be achieved.

The flow around two infinite swept wings and an infinite swept cylinder model is computed using a Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes method coupled to a boundary-layer and transition prediction method based on the e(N) approach. The configurations were wind-tunnel tested, including transition location measurements. In all test cases, transition is provoked purely by crossflow instabilities. The infinite swept wing experiments represent critical test cases because they contradict two assumptions made in the conventional e(N) approach, where the limiting cross-flow N factor is supposed to be independent of the surface curvature and the quality of the wing surface finish. It will be shown that the extended version of the e(N)- method can resolve this problem and produce acceptable results. The infinite swept cylinder model tested at high sweep angles between 53 and 71 deg is excellently suited to demonstrate that the e(N)-method is capable of describing the leading-edge contamination problem. For sweep angles between 53 and 58 deg, a relative constant limiting crossflow N factor exists, whereas for higher sweep angles the crossflow N factors at the measured transition location decrease gradually. Applying the leading-edge contamination criterion of Pfenninger, the e(N)-method predicts the sweep angle, where leading-edge contamination starts to influence the laminar boundary-layer flow. Furthermore, the sweep angle, which produces, according to an empirical correlation, fully turbulent leading-edge flows, is well predicted by the e(N)-method.

International audience; In this work, we show that keV-ions are able to remove single carbon atoms from individual fullerenes in clusters of C60 molecules. This very efficiently leads to the formation of exotic C+119 dumbbell molecules through secondary C+59 + C60 collisions within the fragmenting cluster. Such molecular fusion processes are inherently different from those induced by photons where only products with even numbers of carbon atoms are observed. Thus, ion collisions ignite unique and hitherto overlooked secondary reactions in small aggregates of matter. This relates to the question on how complex molecules may form in e.g. space.

The photoelectric effect was discovered and explained in terms of quantum physics about a hundred years ago. Today, photoemission spectroscopy using vacuum ultra- violet radiation and x-rays is an important tool for studying the electronic properties and atomic structure of solids. This paper reviews the development of an understanding of the photoemission process and the basic applications of photoemission spectroscopy in solids, including band structure determination, studies of quasiparticle properties, and core level spectroscopy.

We have measured the ionization and fragmentation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules and their clusters. We find that PAH clusters containing up to roughly 100 individual molecules fragment strongly following collisions with keV ions in low or high charge states (q). For both types of collisions, singly charged PAH molecules are found to be the dominant products but for very different reasons. A high-q ion projectile charge leads to strong multiple ionization of the PAH clusters and subsequent Coulomb explosions. A low-q ion projectile charge often leads to single ionization but stronger internal heating and long evaporation sequences with a singly charged PAH monomer as the end product. We have developed a Monte Carlo method for collision-induced heating of PAH clusters and present an evaporation model where the clusters cool slowly as most of the internal energies are stored in intramolecular vibrations and not in molecule-molecule vibrations.

This work was supported by the Swedish Research Council (Contracts No. 621-2008-3773, No. 621-2009- 3468, and No. 621-2011-4047). The work is partially supported by the Projects No. FIS2010-15127, No. CTQ2010-17006 CSD2007-00010 (MICINN), No. S2009/MAT1726 (CAM), and the CNRS PICS-05356. Studies of interstellar chemistry at Leiden Observatory are supported through advanced-ERC Grant No. 246976 from the European Research Council, through a grant by the Dutch Science Agency, NWO, as part of the Dutch Astrochemistry Network, and through the Spinoza premie from the Dutch Science Agency, NWO

The following article appeared in Journal of Chemical Physics 139.3 (2013): 034309 and may be found at http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jcp/139/3/10.1063/1.4812790, We report experimental results for the ionization and fragmentation of weakly bound van der Waals clusters of n C60 molecules following collisions with Ar2+, He2+, and Xe20+ at laboratory kinetic energies of 13 keV, 22.5 keV, and 300 keV, respectively. Intact singly charged C60 monomers are the dominant reaction products in all three cases and this is accounted for by means of Monte Carlo calculations of energy transfer processes and a simple Arrhenius-type [C60]n+ → C60++(n-1) C60 evaporation model. Excitation energies in the range of only ∼0.7 eV per C60 molecule in a [C60]13 + cluster are sufficient for complete evaporation and such low energies correspond to ion trajectories far outside the clusters. Still we observe singly and even doubly charged intact cluster ions which stem from even more distant collisions. For penetrating collisions the clusters become multiply charged and some of the individual molecules may be promptly fragmented in direct knock-out processes leading to efficient formations of new covalent systems. For Ar2 + and He2 + collisions, we observe very efficient C119+ and C118+ formation and molecular dynamics simulations suggest that they are covalent dumb-bell systems due to bonding between C59+ or C58+ and C60 during cluster fragmentation. In the Ar 2+ case, it is possible to form even smaller C120-2m+ molecules (m = 2-7), while no molecular fusion reactions are observed for the present Xe20+ collisions, This work was supported by the Swedish Research Council (Contract Nos. 621-2008-3773, 621-2009-3468, and 621- 2011-4047). The authors thank Fabien Noury and Stephane Guillous for supplying the ion beam. We acknowledge the COST action CM1204 “XUV/X-ray light and fast ions for ultrafast chemistry (XLIC)” and computer time from CCCUAM and BSC Mare Nostrum. Work partially supported by Project Nos. FIS2010-15127, CTQ2010-17006, CSD2007- 00010 (MICINN), S2009/MAT1726 (CAM), and the CNRS PICS-05356. Studies of interstellar chemistry at Leiden Observatory are supported through advanced-ERC grant (Grant No. 246976) from the European Research Council, through a grant by the Dutch Science Agency, NWO, as part of the Dutch Astrochemistry Network, and through the Spinoza premie from the Dutch Science Agency, NWO

La gemcitabine est une molecule cle dans la prise en charge des cancers bilio-pancreatiques. Dans les cholangiocarcinomes avances, la gemcitabine associee aux sels de platine est le traitement de reference [1, 2]. Dans le cancer du pancreas, dont l’incidence augmente avec environ 8 000 nouveaux cas annuels en France depuis 2008 et qui y represente la quatrieme cause de mortalite par cancer, l’exerese chirurgicale a visee curative n’est possible que pour 10 % a 20 % des patients [3]. Le traitement de ce cancer est donc le plus souvent palliatif et a repose a partir de 1997, et pendant pres de 15 ans, sur la seule chimiotherapie par la gemcitabine [4]. L’etude strategique GEMFUCIS-FFCD 0301 montrait l’interet d’une 2e ligne mais donnait plutot l’avantage a la gemcitabine en 1re ligne [5]. Il a fallu attendre les resultats d’une etude francaise intergroupe pour que la trichimiotherapie FOLFIRINOX detrone la gemcitabine dans le sous-groupe des patients en excellent etat general, de moins de 76 ans, avec bilirubine normale [6]. La gemcitabine reste neanmoins utilisee chez tous les autres patients et en 2e ligne dans ce sous-groupe favorable.

Aims—(1) To investigate the expression of the four main hormones of the digestive tract by performing reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on a series of samples, comprising tumoral and healthy colonic tissues, hepatic metastases and colonic cell line samples; and (2) to study the patterns of labelling obtained with serological and morphological markers. Methods—After extraction and reverse transcription, gastrin, somatostatin, cholecystokinin (CCK) and transforming growth factor α (TGFα) mRNAs were detected by PCR and nested PCR using specific primers. The corresponding proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results—The cell lines expressed all four mRNAs. Gastrin mRNA was present in most tumoral and metastatic samples, while the somatostatin transcript was detected in all samples and was frequently overexpressed in the normal colon. TGFα mRNA was expressed systematically in tumours of the right and transverse colon, but not in those located in the left colon; the expression of CCK mRNA was systematically absent in the left colon. Conclusions—The data presented here shed some light on the transcriptional events involved in the production of the various hormones present in the gastrointestinal tract, in both healthy and tumoral tissues. The various mRNAs expressed in cell lines are therefore not systematically expressed in the human pathology.

Measures of listening effort can provide a useful complement to measures of listening performance. The purpose of the present study was to measure the effort required of hearing-impaired subjects when they listen to speech.Our subjects performed two tasks simultaneously: a speech task, which took the form of listening to connected discourse; and a digit-memorization task, which competed with the speech task for cognitive resources. Changes in speech-listening effort altered the distribution of resources between the two tasks and modulated memory performance. In two experiments, this dual-task test was given to individuals with congenital/early-onset hearing loss or with presbyacusic hearing loss. We first asked whether they could perform the dual tasks at reasonable levels. If they could, we then asked what their performance revealed about the effortfulness of speech listening, compared with the effort required of normally hearing control subjects.We found the dual-task test to be broadly accessible to hearing-impaired persons. We also found evidence that speech listening was abnormally effortful for both hearing-impaired groups.These findings encourage further study of attentional and other cognitive factors that accompany speech listening by the hearing impaired.

International audience; Complex molecular systems such as large molecules or clusters are characterised by a large number of degrees of freedom. Energies well in excess of individual thresholds for fragmentation can be stored for long times and metastable excited states become important. We will concentrate in this paper on the study of the response of such nanoscale systems, i.e. we will study excitation and fragmentation mechanisms induced by highly charged ion radiation, reflecting dynamic energy and charge flow processes. We will illustrate these relaxation processes for different molecular systems from Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, water or biomolecule targets and their clusters in collision with multiply charged ions. We will emphasize that slow multiply charged ions provide an efficient way to study the stability of complex systems. Indeed, such ions are known to remove several electrons at large impact parameters resulting in a fast and gentle ionization.

Le but de ce travail est d’evaluer, en pathologie bilio-pancreatique, les resultats d’un nouveau type d’echoendoscope a balayage sectoriel electronique realisant des coupes sagittales de 120°. D’octobre 1991 a mars 1993, 88 patients ont subi une echoendoscopie bilio-pancreatique (EEBP) dans le cadre du bilan d’anomalies radiologiques pancreatiques (57 fois), de tumeurs de la papille (7 fois) et de cholestase biologique avec dilatation des voies biliaires sans cause retrouvee (24 fois). Parmi ces patients, 37 ont ete operes apres l’EEBP et 31 ont subi une CPRE. Des aspects de pancreatite chronique calcifiante (PCC) ont ete retrouves dans 18 cas et confirmes par la CPRE chez 10 patients. Chez 27 patients, le diagnostic de tumeur pancreatique a ete pose par l’EEBP. Parmi ces 27 patients, 23 ont ete operes; les donnees de l’EEBP (taille, envahissement porto-mesenterique ou splenique, atteinte ganglionnaire) ont ete superposables aux constatations chirurgicales dans 17 cas (73,9 %). Cinq des 7 ampullomes examines en EEBP ont eu une duodenopancreatectomie cephalique. Chez ces 5 patients, les donnees de l’EEBP etaient parfaitement correlees a celle de l’histologie de la piece operatoire. Enfin, chez les 24 patients qui presentaient une cholestase biologique et/ou clinique avec dilatation des voies biliaires sans cause retrouvee, l’EEBP a fourni la cause de la cholestase 21 fois (87,5 %). L’EEBP sectorielle electronique permet un bilan loco-regional satisfaisant des tumeurs de la region bilio-pancreatique. Ces resultats demandent confirmation sur la base d’un plus grand nombre de patients.

Malnutrition is common 1 year after esophageal cancer surgery. However, the prognostic impact of this malnutrition on long-term outcome has been poorly reported. This study aims at determining the potential effect on disease-free survival (DFS) of weight loss observed at 1 year in disease-free survivors after curative esophageal resection. From a prospective single-institution database, 304 patients having undergone a transthoracic esophagectomy with two-field lymphadenectomy and gastric reconstruction between 1996 to 2008 were identified. Patients who died during the postoperative course (n= 24), patients who died within the first postoperative year (n= 12), patients who presented with an early recurrence within the first postoperative year (n= 20), and those who were lost to follow-up (n= 22) were excluded from the study, as well as those for whom the follow-up was shorter than 1 year (n= 21). The remaining 205 patients constituted a homogeneous group of 1-year disease-free survivors after full postoperative work-up and formed the material of the present study. Body weight (BW) values were collected before any treatment at the onset of symptoms (initial BW) and 1 year after esophagectomy. A 1-year weight loss (1-YWL) exceeding 10% of the initial BW defined an important malnutrition. Impact of the 1-YWL ≥ or10% of the initial BW on DFS was investigated. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors affecting DFS. The mean initial BW was 69.1 ± 12 kg, corresponding to a mean body mass index (BMI) of 23.8 ± 3 kg/m(2) . Preoperatively, 32 (15%) patients were in the underweight category (BMI20 kg/m2), 110 (54%) were in normal (BMI = 20-24 kg/m2), and 63 (31%) were in the overweight category (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). Mean 1-year BW was 63.5 ± 12 kg. 1-YWL was10% of the initial BW in 92 patients (45%) and ≥ 10% in 113 patients (55%). Accordingly, 5-year DFS rates were 66% (median: 80 months) and 48% (median: 51 months), respectively (P= 0.005). On multivariate analysis, only three independent variables affected the DFS significantly: clinical N stage (cN) status (P= 0.007; odds ratio: 1.99, 1.2-3.3), incomplete resection (P= 0.008, OR: 3.6, 1.3-9.3), and 1-YWL ≥ 10% (P= 0.004, OR: 2.1: 1.2-3.4). 1-YWL of or exceeding 10% of the initial BW in 1-year disease-free survivors has a negative prognostic impact on DFS after esophagectomy for cancer. This information offers another view on the objectives of the perioperative nutritional care of these patients. Special vigilance program on the nutritional status in post-esophagectomy patients should be the rule.

In this thesis a series of experiments on collisions between atomic projectile ions at keV energies and target vapors of either isolated molecules or van der Waals clusters is presented and analyzed. The atomic ions are produced in an Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source, accelerated and guided into the target volume. The charged target collision products are mass-to-charge analyzed in a time-of-flight spectrometer. The Polycyclic Aromatic Hyrdrocarbons (PAHs) Anthracene (C14H10), Coronene (C24H12), two C16H10 isomers, Pyrene and Fluoranthene, and the fullerene C60 are examined.For projectile ions in low charge states, small impact parameter collisions dominate, which leads to internal heating of the target. With isolated molecules as targets, this typically results in ionization and often also in fragmentation. For cluster targets energy and charge are rapidly distributed among the cluster building blocks. This is followed by cluster evaporation and very limited fragmentation of the individual molecules. C119+ and C118+ are observed as products. These are due to the formation of the reactive C58/59+ ions by direct knockout processes, which react with another C60 of the cluster to form dumb-bell shaped molecules.For projectile ions of high charge (Xe20+) larger impact parameters dominate, leading to little internal heating. For isolated molecule targets, intact molecular ions are the main collision products. Charged fragments stem mostly from multifragmentation following ionization to high charge states. For cluster targets, the collision products consist mainly of singly charged monomers. Fragmentation of the individual molecules is comparatively strong. This suggests a quick distribution of charges followed by a Coulomb explosion, which leads to internal heating.The results show that weakly bound clusters do not sustain the impact of keV-ions and that it is possible to form new molecular structures.

We report on measurements of the ionization and fragmentation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) targets in Xe(20+) + C(16)H(10) and Xe(20+) + [C(16)H(10)](k) collisions and compare results for the two C(16)H(10) isomers: pyrene and fluoranthene. For both types of targets, i.e., for single PAH molecules isolated in vacuum or for isomerically pure clusters of one of the molecules, the resulting fragment spectra are surprisingly similar. However, we do observe weak but significant isomer effects. Although these are manifested in very different ways for the monomer and cluster targets, they both have at their roots small differences (2.5 eV) between the total binding energies of neutral, and singly and multiply charged pyrene and fluoranthene monomers. The results will be discussed in view of the density functional theory calculations of ionization and dissociation energies for fluoranthene and pyrene. A simple classical over-the-barrier model is used to estimate cross sections for single- and multiple-electron transfer between PAHs and ions. Calculated single and multiple ionization energies, and the corresponding model PAH ionization cross sections, are given.

We discuss the ionization and fragmentation of isolated monomers and cold clusters of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules in collisions with keV ions in low or high charge states. With low charge state projectile ions, PAH cluster or monomer targets are thermally excited through electronic stopping processes directly in close peripheral or penetrating collisions while only single or few electrons are removed. With high charge state projectiles, electrons are very effectively removed from both the cluster and the monomer target already at very large distances with very little direct target heating. Singly charged and internally very hot PAH monomers are dominant fragmentation products following collisions between Xe20+ ions and PAH clusters. We suggest that this due to an unusually strong dominance of multiple-ionization over single ionization for PAH clusters interacting with highly charged ions. Here, charge and excitation energy is very rapidly redistributed within the clusters before they Coulomb explode and we suggest that these Coulomb explosions induce strong internal heating in the individual PAH molecules. We thus conclude that PAH cluster fragmentation always dominates strongly for all ionization processes regardless if these are due to interactions with ions in high or low charge states. These findings are discussed in view of simple models for cluster evaporation or single and multiple ionizations of PAH clusters.

A personal view of the development of solid-state physics in United States between 1930 and 1945 is presented. It will describe the basis for the world into which Fausto Fumi stepped when he arrived in the United States in 1948.

International audience; We report the first experimental study of ions interacting with clusters of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules. Collisions between 11.25 keV 3He+ or 360 keV 129Xe20+ and weakly bound clusters of one of the smallest PAH molecules, anthracene, show that C14H10 clusters have much higher tendencies to fragment in ion collisions than other weakly bound clusters. The ionization is dominated by peripheral collisions in which the clusters, very surprisingly, are more strongly heated by Xe20+ collisions than by He+ collisions. The appearance size is k = 15 for [C14H10]2+k